The biology exam is one of the selective ones and those who are confident in their knowledge will take it. The exam in biology is considered a difficult subject, as knowledge accumulated over the years of study is tested.
USE assignments in biology, diverse types are selected, for their solution, confident knowledge of the main topics is required school course biology. Based demos teachers have developed more than 10 test items on each topic.
See the topics that you need to study when completing assignments from FIPI. For each task, its own algorithm of actions is prescribed, which will help in solving problems.
There are no changes in KIM USE 2020 in biology.
The structure of the USE tasks in biology:
- Part 1- these are tasks from 1 to 21 with a short answer, up to about 5 minutes are allotted for completion.
Advice: Read the wording of the questions carefully.
- Part 2- these are tasks from 22 to 28 with a detailed answer, approximately 10-20 minutes are allotted for completion.
Advice: express your thoughts in a literary way, answer the question in detail and comprehensively, give a definition of biological terms, even if this is not required in the assignments. The answer should have a plan, not write in solid text, but highlight points.
What is required of the student in the exam?
- Ability to work with graphic information (diagrams, graphs, tables) - its analysis and use;
- Multiple choice;
- Establishing compliance;
- Sequencing.
Points for each task in USE biology
In order to get the highest grade in biology, you need to score 58 primary points, which will be converted to one hundred on a scale.
- 1 point - for 1, 2, 3, 6 tasks.
- 2 points - 4, 5, 7-22.
- 3 points - 23-28.
How to Prepare for Biology Tests
- repetition of the theory.
- Proper allocation of time for each task.
- Solving practical problems several times.
- Checking the level of knowledge by solving tests online.
Register, study and receive high score!
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 4 Shebekino, Belgorod Region"
Features of solving and evaluating tasks 22-28 USE in biology
Prepared by: Arnautova Natalya Zakharovna,
chemistry and biology teacher
MBOU "Secondary School No. 4 of Shebekino, Belgorod Region"
2017
PLAN OF THE EXAM WORK OF THE USE IN BIOLOGY
Generalization and application of knowledge about man and the diversity of organisms
Task C4 (25) includes questions related to the content blocks "System and diversity of the organic world" and "The human body and its health."
SYSTEM AND DIVERSITY OF THE ORGANIC WORLD
each amino acid is delivered to the ribosomes of one tRNA, therefore, the number of amino acids in a protein is equal to the number of tRNA molecules involved in protein synthesis;
each amino acid is encoded by three nucleotides (one triplet, or codon), so the number of coding nucleotides is always three times greater, and the number of triplets (codons) is equal to the number of amino acids in the protein;
Solving problems in cytology on the application of knowledge in a new situation
Task C6 (26) includes tasks in cytology related to the processes of realization of hereditary information and cell division.These tasks are good because the questions in them are specific and precise. On the other hand, they are quite complex and require a deep understanding of the processes in question. An important point in solving tasks C5 is an explanation of the actions performed, especially if the task says so: "Explain the answer." The presence of explanations allows the verifier to conclude that the student understands the topic, and their absence can lead to the loss of a very important score.
Task C6 (26) is estimated at three points, which are awarded in case of a completely correct solution. Therefore, starting the task, first of all, it is necessary to identify all the questions. The number of answers must correspond to them, otherwise you can also lose a point.
When solving a number of problems in this section, it is necessary to use the table genetic code. The rules for using the table are usually indicated in the task, but it is better to learn this in advance. To determine the amino acid encoded by a particular triplet, you must perform the following steps. The first nucleotide of the triplet is found in the left vertical row, the second - in the upper horizontal,
the third is in the right vertical row. The desired amino acid is located at the intersection point of the imaginary lines,
coming from nucleotides.
TASKS FOR QUANTITATIVE RELATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HEREDITARY INFORMATION
must be included in the explanation following:
each tRNA has an anticodon complementary to the mRNA codon, so the number of anticodons, and hence the total number of tRNA molecules, is equal to the number of mRNA codons;
An mRNA is complementary to one of the DNA strands, so the number of mRNA nucleotides is equal to the number of DNA nucleotides. The number of triplets, of course, will also be the same.
Task 1 . 75 tRNA molecules participated in translation. Determine the number of amino acids that make up the synthesized protein, as well as the number of triplets and nucleotides in the gene that encodes this protein.
Solution .
One tRNA molecule delivers one amino acid to the ribosome. 75 tRNA molecules participated in translation, therefore, the synthesized protein contains 75 amino acids.
Each amino acid is encoded by one DNA triplet, so the DNA region encoding a given protein contains 75 triplets.
Each triplet is three nucleotides, therefore, the indicated DNA section contains 75 x 3 = 225 nucleotides.
Answer:75 amino acids, 75 DNA triplets, 225 DNA nucleotides.
TASKS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE mRNA MOLECULE, ANTICODONS OF tRNA AND DETERMINATION OF THE SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE PROTEIN
When solving problems of this type, it is necessary to remember andNecessarily indicate in explanations following:
mRNA nucleotides are complementary to DNA nucleotides;
instead of thymine, uracil is written in all types of RNA;
mRNA nucleotides are written in a row, without commas, since one molecule is meant;
tRNA anticodons are written separated by commas, since each anticodon belongs to a separate tRNA molecule;
amino acids are found according to the table of the genetic code;
if a table of the genetic code for mRNA is given, thenusing mRNA codons :
amino acids in a protein are written with a hyphen, because it means that they have already combined and formed the primary structure of the protein.
Task 2. A DNA chain fragment has the sequence ACGTTTGCCCAAT. Determine the mRNA nucleotide sequence, tRNA anticodons and amino acid sequence in the synthesized protein.
Solution.
Task 3.
What chromosome set is typical for the cells of the embryo and endosperm of the seed, leaves of a flowering plant. Explain the result in each case.
Answer:
1) in the cells of the seed embryo, the diploid set of chromosomes is 2n, since the embryo develops from a zygote - a fertilized egg;
2) in the cells of the endosperm of the seed, the triploid set of chromosomes is 3n, since it is formed by the fusion of two nuclei of the central cell of the ovule (2n) and one sperm (n);
3) cells of the leaves of a flowering plant have a diploid set of chromosomes - 2n, since an adult plant develops from an embryo.
The answer includes 2 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains non-gross biological errors.
The response includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains non-gross biological errors
Wrong answer
Maximum amount points
TASK #27 (C7)
SOLVING PROBLEMS IN GENETICS FOR THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE IN A NEW SITUATION
The condition of genetic problems is often voluminous, therefore, first of all, from the condition it is necessary:
highlight the features in question and introduce the appropriate designations;
set the type of crossing: monohybrid or dihybrid;
establish the nature of inheritance: complete or incomplete dominance, autosomal or sex-linked, independent (in the case of dihybrid crossing) or linked;
identify all the "characters", i.e., all the individuals indicated in the condition (in the presence of a large number of such individuals, it is possible to draw up a genealogical chart for convenience);
establish the genotypes of "characters" and, if necessary, indicate them in the corresponding scheme;
highlight all the questions posed in the condition.
After that, you can proceed to the direct solution of the problem. To avoid unnecessary losses (meaning points), it is better to accompany all your actions with comments, especially if the task says “Explain the solution”.
Task. In a family where parents have normal color vision, the son is color blind.
The genes for normal color vision (D) and color blindness (d) are located on the X chromosome.
Determine the genotypes of the parents, the color-blind son, the gender and the probability of having children who are carriers of the color-blindness gene. Make a scheme for solving the problem.
Explanation
1) Genotypes of parents: mother - X DX d, father x DU;2) the genotype of the son - color blind - X dU;
3) the probability of the birth of carriers of the gene for color blindness (X DX d) – 25%.
The answer includes all the above elements, does not contain biological errors.
The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains non-gross biological errors.
The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains non-gross biological errors.
Wrong answer
Maximum score
Bibliography
1. FIPI project of instrumentation USE materials 2018.
2. Demos, specifications, USE codifiers 2018. FIPI website.
3. Information about the planned changes in KIM 2018. FIPI website.
4. Website "I will solve the exam": biology, to the expert.
Future pharmacists, doctors and agronomists are preparing for the USE-2017 in biology. The subject is quite popular, as it is necessary for admission to many liberal arts universities. Therefore, the closer March 2017 approaches, the more the hype around state biology testing becomes. In the review, we will analyze the main structure of CIMs, currently known innovations and educational materials to help prepare for the state exam. All this will help the children adequately meet the realities of the biology exam.
the date of the
The early round traditionally starts in March, and the main one will take place in June.
- Early stage - March 22.
- The main period is June 15th.
- Reserve windows are April 5, June 21 and 30.
The main changes in the exam in biology 2017
If for the most part in other subjects there are no innovations and are not planned, then biology has undergone quite serious changes. Here is their list:
- the duration of the exam has increased - 210 minutes instead of the previous 180;
- the number of questions has been reduced from 40 to 28;
- tasks with one answer have practically disappeared;
- reduced maximum primary score- now it is 59, not 61;
- appeared the new kind questions that require working with illustrations, diagrams and graphs.
What does the new structure of KIM in biology look like?
To understand the structure of the control and measuring material, let's turn to the demo version of the exam in biology 2017.
The first block of KIM includes 21 tasks, each of which requires a short answer in the form of a few numbers or one or more words. The questions are pretty simple. To cope with them, you need to know the basics of biology. For example, task number 3 will require you to name the number of fish spermatozoa, and two columns in question number 5 will require you to establish a correspondence between the processes and stages of energy metabolism. Interestingly, questions 3, 4, 9, 12, 20, 21 have two options. Therefore, the subject will be able to choose the version of the task that seems to him the easiest. For those who strive to get the maximum scores on the exam in biology, FIPI has prepared a complex block of tasks, consisting of 7 questions. They will require not only an answer, but also a detailed explanation of them. In other words, the examinee must state on paper the course of his thoughts and give detailed arguments in favor of his decision. Only the most prepared high school students and applicants will be able to cope with such questions.
Criteria for assessing the exam in biology 2017
There are no exact criteria yet. It is only known that the maximum primary score cannot be higher than 59, and the number of minimum points that the subject must score for successful delivery test work, equals 36.
Points are earned by successfully solving test tasks. Here's what the maximum "reward" for questions looks like:
- 1 point: 1, 3, 6;
- 2 points: 2, 4, 5, 7 - 22;
- 3 points: 23 - 28.
For errors or incomplete answers in questions 2, 4, 5, 7 - 28 points may be reduced.
Afterword
This is what it looks like brief digression realities single exam in biology. The number of tasks has significantly decreased, testing has become much more interesting, and the time for work has increased by half an hour. Having this information will help future graduates high school and applicants to adequately prepare for the Unified State Exam!
The demo is for in order to enable any participant in the examination and the general public to get an idea of the structure examination work, the number and form of tasks, as well as their level of complexity. The given criteria for assessing the performance of tasks with a detailed answer, included in demo version examination work, will allow you to get an idea of the requirements for the completeness and correctness of writing a detailed answer. This information gives graduates the opportunity to develop a strategy for preparing for the biology exam.
Work instructions
The examination paper consists of two parts, including 32 tasks. Part 1 contains 28 short answer tasks, part 2 contains 4 long answer tasks.
3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination paper in biology.
Answers to tasks 1-22 are written as one digit, which corresponds to the number of the correct answer. Write this number in the answer field in the text of the work.
Answers to tasks 23-28 are written as a sequence of numbers in the answer field in the text of the work.
For tasks 29-32, a detailed answer should be given.
The points you get for completed tasks are summed up.
Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the largest number points.
Characteristics of the structure and content of KIM
The work includes 32 tasks and consists of two parts.
Part 1 contains 28 short answer tasks: 22 tasks basic level difficulty with the answer in the form of a single digit corresponding to the number of the correct answer; 6 tasks of an increased level of complexity, of which 2 with the choice and recording of three correct answers out of six, 3 for establishing the correspondence between the elements of two information series (including the task for including terms and concepts omitted in the text, for correlating the morphological features of the organism or its individual organs with the proposed models according to a given algorithm), 1 to determine the sequence of biological processes, phenomena, objects.
Part 2 contains 4 tasks with a detailed answer, of which: 1 of an increased level of complexity for working with text, involving the use of information from the text of contextual knowledge to answer the questions posed; rest high level difficulty: 1 for the analysis of statistical data presented in tabular form; 2 on the application of biological knowledge to solve practical problems.
The distribution of tasks of the examination paper by parts and types of tasks, taking into account the maximum primary score of each part and the work as a whole, is given in Table 1.
The system for evaluating the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole.
For the correct execution of each of the tasks 1-22, 1 point is given.
Otherwise, 0 points.
For the correct execution of each of the tasks 23-27, 2 points are given.
For answers to tasks 23 and 24, 1 point is given if the answer contains any two numbers presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases. If the examinee indicates more characters in the answer than in the correct answer, then 1 point is reduced for each extra character (up to 0 points inclusive).
For the answer to task 25, 1 point is given if one mistake is made, and 0 points if two or more mistakes are made.
For answers to tasks 26 and 27, 1 point is given if any one position of the answer contains a different character than that presented in the standard answer, and 0 points in all other cases.
For the complete correct completion of task 28, 3 points are awarded; 2 points if any one position of the answer does not contain the same character that is presented in the standard answer; 1 point is given if any two positions of the answer contain characters other than those presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases.
Tasks 29-32 are evaluated depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer.
The maximum primary score for completing the entire work is 46.
Changes in the OGE 2016 in biology - NO changes.
Testing at the Independent Diagnostic Center of the educational site "Kursoteka".
Checking and evaluation of tests of the trial version is carried out automatically. Verification and evaluation of detailed answers is carried out by experienced teachers in accordance with the criteria and recommendations " Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science Russian Federation". Our teachers will correct your mistakes, give a complete and qualified analysis of errors and inaccuracies, and if you wish, they will conduct with you online consultation on the work performed and will give special recommendations for eliminating errors and shortcomings. Tasks with detailed answers, which are checked by teachers in manual mode, are paid - 198 rubles. The verification period is from 1 to 3 days.
The description of the exam is taken from the official website of FIPI http://www.ctege.info/demoversii-oge-2016/demoversiya-oge-2016-po-biologii.html
The exam in biology 2018 is an elective exam, it is completely optional. At the same time, this subject takes the 5th place after the obligatory Russian language and mathematics, followed by social science and physics. 5th place - for biology (it is chosen by about 18% of graduates).
Where is biology useful?
Biology is taken in many universities:
- medical;
- universities of biological profile;
- in the pedagogical specialty "Teacher of Biology";
- in agricultural;
- veterinary;
- at the Faculty of Physical Education;
- psychological;
- ecological;
- at the Faculty of Garden Design;
- on Faculty of Biology V technical universities where biology is studied at the junction with physics.
There are a lot of professions related to biology:
- an engineer who models problems related to human life;
- a doctor who will treat diseases that are possible in the future;
- an ecologist who cares about the health of the whole country. The task of an ecologist is to create conditions in which humanity will drink clean water, breathe clean air;
- psychologist;
- athlete.
These are the people who make a person's life more complete and meaningful and, moreover, prolong this life.
Required documents
The FIPI website contains the following documents needed to prepare for the exam in history:
- Specification (description of work, listed Required documents, the structure of the exam in biology is reflected, a plan for the KIM variant is given).
- Codifier (list of skills and topics that are tested for the exam in biology).
- Demo version of the exam in biology (one version of the exam in biology), with which you need to start preparing for state exam by history.
Features of the structure of the exam in biology
Total 28 tasks
1 part 2 part
21 short answer tasks 7 long answer tasks
The time to complete the entire work is 3 hours 30 minutes (210 minutes).
The maximum primary score is 59.
The established minimum test score for the exam in biology is 36 points.
How are the key tasks of the 1st part of the work structured?
Task #1 first appeared in 2017. Each student, preparing for the exam, reads the text, underlines the key words, then finds the key words and the connections between them. These connections make it possible to build dependency. Thus, the text is structured, it contains links between concepts. In this task, a certain fragment from biology is presented, where it is required to show these connections.
Task number 3 is interesting in that the usual simple tasks, where it is required to perform a solution, knowing biology:
- count the number of chromosomes
- indicate the number of cells that are formed during various processes, etc.
Task No. 4 requires you to select two statements that match the description of the object that is presented.
Task number 6 on genetics. These are tasks for monohybrid crossing, where you need to write a specific number, a ratio of numbers.
Task number 8 on the ratio of examples and phenomena. This is the first job example. An alternative example of this task is also offered, where a blind drawing is given (without signatures), and you need to find positions where there are numbers 1 and 2. And only after that, having decided on the position, select the correct answers.
In task No. 9, examples should be found from the proposed text that correspond to the concept of "stability", "microscopicity" and "pathogenicity".
Task number 15 on knowledge of species properties. In biology, the concept of "species" is a key concept around which all biology is built. Given text. It is necessary to select only those criteria that correspond to the task set in the text.
Task number 20. A new (since 2017), original task, which makes it possible to test several very important, key concepts in biology using one example.
- Example 1 tests understanding of speciation.
Example 2 involves filling in free columns in the table and finding some relationships between the structure, object and function.
Task number 21.
- Example 1. The formation of natural science literacy and research skills is possible only when a person is able to work with the information presented in various types. In biology, for example, such information is a table where a scientist, while observing, fixes the data, writes them down, making some calculation. The applicant needs to read what is noted here, as a biologist reads it, who selects key numbers from a palisade and draws conclusions on this basis. It is necessary to choose only 2 statements that strictly correspond to the given conditions.
- Example 2 requires you to choose statements that can be formulated based on the analysis of the histogram. For example, you need to find species, see what they eat, encrypt this species (as if to depersonalize) and suggest the ratio of food preferences of this species. And then it is necessary to evaluate this species, based on its food preferences or some other qualities.
- Example 3 is a graphical representation. It tests the ability to read a chart and understand why the curve moves up or down.
A few words about part 2
These are tasks in an open form, where the graduate will have to answer a question and demonstrate in-depth knowledge of the subject. Particular attention should be paid to the language of the presentation of the answer. A student of the 11th grade must have a certain conceptual apparatus, biological terms used in answers to tasks.
What will help to effectively help pass the exam in biology?
Of course, the textbooks used in schools. These can be textbooks from different authors that can be combined.
Clear planning of your activities in preparation for the Unified State Examination in Biology 2018.
Deep student interest in learning and passing the subject with a high score.
You need to be motivated, you need to want to study the subject of biology, and then the result will not keep you waiting.
date conducting the exam in biology will be known in January 2018.
ABOUT USE results in biology in 2018 can be found in your educational organization or on the official website of the exam.
If the Ministry of Education decides to make any changes to KIMS Unified State Examination in biology, you need to be ready for anything, not waste time and start preparing now!
