Final testing on ecology in USE form
Part A . Choose one correct answer.
A1. What level of organization of life does ecology study?
cellular
molecular
specific
biogeocenotic
A2. What is the reason for the tiered placement of plants in a mixed forest ecosystem?
flaw minerals in soil
abundance of light
uneven soil moisture
competition between species
A3. Which of the objects can be called an ecosystem?
stump with organisms inhabiting it
a family of rooks nesting on a birch
population of sand martins
collection of spruce individuals in the forest
A4. What abiotic factor can lead to a sharp decline in the beaver population?
heavy rains in summer
increase in the number of aquatic plants
drying up of a reservoir
intensive shooting of animals
A5. What anthropogenic factor can lead to an increase in the population of hares in the forest?
felling trees
shooting wolves and foxes
trampling plants
campfires
A6. What environmental factor serves as a signal for the preparation of birds for flights?
decrease in air temperature
change in daylight hours
increase in cloudiness
change atmospheric pressure
A7. The relationship between tits and caterpillars is called predation, since
tits and caterpillars live in the same forest
tits and caterpillars eat similar foods
tits eat caterpillars
A8. The relationship between squirrels and woodpeckers is called competition, since
squirrels eat woodpeckers
woodpeckers attack squirrels
they have similar illnesses
they eat the same food
A9. What is the type of relationship between the white
mushroom and oak?
symbiosis
predation
competition
A10. What is the type of relationship between a dog and a pasture tick called?
competition
symbiosis
predation
A11. Why can't consumers exist without producers?
unable to reproduce without them
consumers - a younger group in evolutionary terms
producers - the main source of minerals
unable to synthesize organic substances from inorganic
A12. Why is about 90% of energy lost when moving from one link in the food chain to another?
energy is not transferred from plants to animals
energy is released during photosynthesis
the main part remains in the bodies of plants
energy is spent on life processes and
dissipates in the environment
A13. Why is the Black Sea considered a sustainable ecosystem?
located in a warm climate
a large number of species live
dominated by several species with a high abundance
characterized by a small number of food chains
A14. The manifestation of self-regulation in an ecosystem is evidenced by
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Ecology in assignments USE Specification control measuring materials for holding in 2017 a unified state exam in biology "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS"
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Job distribution examination work by substantive sections of the biology course Content sections Number of tasks All work Part 1 Part 2 1. Biology as a science. Methods scientific knowledge 2 1 1 2. Cell as a biological system 5-4 4-3 1 3. Organism as a biological system 4-5 3-4 1 4. System and diversity of the organic world 4 3 1 5. Human body and its health 5 4 1 6 The evolution of living nature 4 3 1 7. Ecosystems and their inherent patterns 4 3 1
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The generalized plan for the KIM USE 2017 variant in BIOLOGY The maximum initial score for the work is 59. Task number Topic score 17 Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Biosphere. Multiple choice (no picture) 2 points 18 Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Biosphere. Establishing correspondence 2 points 21 Biological systems and their patterns. Data analysis, in tabular or graphical form 2 points 26 Generalization and application of knowledge in a new situation about the evolution of the organic world and environmental patterns. 3 points Total Primary score– 9 Secondary score - 22
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The seventh block "Ecosystems and their inherent patterns" Contains tasks aimed at testing knowledge about environmental patterns, the circulation of substances in the biosphere, the ability to establish the relationship of organisms in ecosystems, to identify the causes of sustainability, self-development and change of ecosystems.
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Task 17. Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Biosphere. Multiple choice (no picture) Unlike a natural ecosystem, artificial ecosystem characterized by: 1. a large variety of species; 2. diversified supply chains; 3. open circulation of substances; 4. predominance of one or two species; 5. influence of the anthropogenic factor; 6. closed circulation of substances. Complete the task and explain the method of its implementation (by what algorithm)
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Unlike a natural ecosystem, an artificial ecosystem is characterized by: 3, 4, 5 - characterizes agrocenosis, 1, 2, 6 - natural biogeocenosis. Answer: 345
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Task 17. Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Biosphere. Multiple choice (without picture) Algorithm for completing tasks for the ability to conduct multiple choice: we read the question; without looking at the proposed options, we give the maximum possible answers; choose 3 correct answers from the proposed ones; perhaps among the proposed answers there will be answers that you did not consider - evaluate their correctness; write 3 numbers in ascending order.
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Task 18. Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Biosphere. Correspondence Establish a correspondence between groups of plants and animals and their role in the pond ecosystem: producers (1) or consumers (2) A) coastal vegetation; B) carp; C) larvae of amphibians; D) phytoplankton; D) bottom plants; E) a large pond. Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters: Complete the task and explain the method of its implementation (by what algorithm) A B C D E F
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Establish a correspondence between groups of plants and animals and their role in the pond ecosystem: producers (1) or consumers (2) Producers - plants, consumers - animals. Answer: 122112 A B C D E F 1 2 2 1 1 2
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Task 18. Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Biosphere. Establishing correspondence Algorithm for solving tasks for the ability to establish correspondence: read the question, set the area of required knowledge; strictly in order to A, select 1) or 2); write down the number in the table; go to B, C, D, E, F and repeat the solution algorithm; write down the resulting sequence of numbers in the form without gaps and commas; be careful!
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Task 21. Biological systems and their patterns. Data analysis, in tabular or graphical form Examine the plot of squirrel abundance versus spruce seed yield. Choose the correct statements. In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements. The number of squirrels depends on the yield of spruce seeds. One of the reasons for population waves is an abundant food base. A decrease in the number of squirrels leads to a decrease in the yield of spruce seeds. Complete the task and explain the method of its implementation (by what algorithm)
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Task 21. Biological systems and their laws. Data analysis, in tabular or graphical form Examine the plot of squirrel abundance versus spruce seed yield. Choose the correct statements. In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements. The number of squirrels depends on the yield of spruce seeds. One of the reasons for population waves is an abundant food base. A decrease in the number of squirrels leads to a decrease in the yield of spruce seeds.
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Task 21. Biological systems and their patterns. Data analysis, in tabular or graphical form Algorithm for solving tasks for data analysis, in tabular or graphical form: we read the question; go to the graph, characterize the axes; if the axes are only labeled x, y, we sign the dimension from the task with a pencil; we calculate and sign with a pencil the scale next to the graph; by the method of restoring perpendiculars we find the required value, we give an answer; in some tasks, intervals are examined according to the same algorithm
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Task 26. Generalization and application of knowledge about the evolution of the organic world and environmental patterns in a new situation. Instructions for solving tasks for the generalization and application of knowledge in a new situation of environmental patterns: We read the question We write out maximum amount answer options for the question Choose two or three of the most appropriate answers
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Specify the main properties of biogeocenoses and briefly explain them. Specify at least three properties Complete the task and explain the method of its implementation (by what algorithm)
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Specify the main properties of biogeocenoses and briefly explain them. Specify at least three properties 1) self-reproduction, which is based on the ability of organisms to reproduce; 2) sustainability, the ability to withstand changes caused by various factors; 3) self-development, i.e. restoration, change of communities.
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Assignment from the collection ed. G.S. Kalinova Red algae (crimson) live at great depths. Despite this, photosynthesis occurs in their cells. Explain how photosynthesis occurs if the water column absorbs the rays of the red-orange part of the spectrum. Explanation. For photosynthesis, rays are needed not only in the red, but also in the blue part of the spectrum. Purple cells contain a red pigment (phycoerythrin), which absorbs the rays of the blue part of the spectrum, their energy is used in the process of photosynthesis.
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Barley grown at different day lengths: 1 - 16-hour day; 2 - 10 hour day; 3 - 8-hour day Task. Which group according to the required duration of the light period does barley belong to? Explain the answer. Explanation. Barley belongs to long-day plants, since it needs more than 12 hours of daylight to bloom and bear fruit.
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Questions on ecology for the exam.
Choose the correct one from the given answers.
Autotrophic organisms include:
Guidelines for the preparation of assignments and organizational and methodological support of the school and municipal stages (1)
GuidelinesGuidelines for the preparation of assignments and organizational and methodological support of the school and municipal stages (2)
Guidelines
The largest biomass in the meadow biocenosis is in: a- green plants; b- bacteria; c- herbivores; d carnivores.
The productivity of an ecosystem is called: a - its total biomass; b is the growth of this biomass per unit of time; c - total biomass of producers; d - total biomass of consumers.
In the middle of summer, the growth of perennial plants living in middle latitudes slows down or stops completely. What factor and what change in it is the cause of such phenomena: a- decrease in temperature; b- decrease in the amount of precipitation; c- decrease in the length of the day; d- decrease in the intensity of solar radiation.
Name the number of links that make up the majority of food chains: a- 2-3; b- 3-5; c- 5-7; g- 7-9.
In each species of animals and plants, the state of winter dormancy occurs only at a certain stage of development. Name the stage of development at which winter dormancy occurs in the malarial mosquito and urticaria butterfly: a- egg; b- larva; c- chrysalis; g - adult (imago).
Name the scientist-founder of the doctrine of biogeocenoses: a- V.V. Dokuchaev; b- V.N. Sukachev; in- V.I. Vernadsky; Mr. N.I. Vavilov.
The sustainability of populations depends, in particular, on such indicators as fecundity and life expectancy of individuals in a population. Indicate the combination of quantitative values of these indicators, in which the population size will be the most stable: a - low fertility and short life expectancy; b- low fertility and long life span; c- high fertility and short life expectancy; d- greater fertility and longer life expectancy.
Each species of plants and animals living in the middle latitudes, in the process of evolution, has developed a characteristic annual cycle of intensive growth and development, reproduction, preparation for winter and wintering. What is the name of this phenomenon: a- modification variability; b- alternation of generations; c- biological rhythm; d life cycle.
Name one of the main reasons why most food chains contain a small (no more than 3-5) number of links: a- a limited number of species of organisms that make up biogeocenoses; b- large energy losses in power circuits; c - short life expectancy of representatives of individual links of food chains; d - formation of a food network from several food chains.
What is the name of the totality of organisms living in fresh water bodies, which includes the following living creatures: blue-green algae, green algae. protozoa, rotifers, small crustaceans (daphnia, cyclops): a-benthos; b- plankton; c- biogeocenosis; Mr. producers.
What intensity of the environmental factor is called optimal for the organism: a - the most favorable for the life of the organism; b- the smallest among those in which the existence of an organism is possible; c- the largest among those in which the existence of an organism is possible; d - the change of which does not affect the intensity of the vital activity of the organism.
What are the extreme values of the intensity of the environmental factor, at which the functioning of the organism is still possible, called: a - reaction rate; b- limiting factors; c- limits of endurance; r - optimal values.
What is the name of the totality of organisms that live in fresh water bodies, which includes the following living creatures: putrefactive bacteria, sponges, round and low bristle worms, leeches, mollusks (barley, toothless), large crustaceans, larvae of many insects, as well as various flowering plants: water lilies, cattail, reed: a- benthos; b- plankton; c- biogeocenosis; Mr. producers.
There is a lot of energy loss in power circuits. Indicate that part of the energy that passes from one link of the food chain to another: a- 0.1-0.5%; b- 1-2%; c- 5-20%; g - 25-50%.
Imagine that the living creatures listed below are part of the same food chain of biogeocenosis. Which of them is the last link in this food chain: a- grasshoppers; b- snakes; c- plants; Mr. eagle; d- frogs.
What is the name of the environmental factor that goes beyond the endurance of the organism: a- abiotic; b- limiting; c- biotic; r is optimal.
Specify the most complex terrestrial biogeocenosis: a - birch grove; b- pine forest; c- oak forest; Mr. river floodplain.
Name the producers that create the bulk of biological products in the oak forest: a- annual and biennial herbaceous plants; b- perennial herbaceous plants; c- shrubs; Mr trees.
Name the sequence of groups of organisms that make up the biogeocenosis, which ensures the transformation of energy entering the biogeocenosis and its transfer in food chains: a- consumers, producers, decomposers; b- decomposers, producers, consumers; c- producers, consumers, decomposers; g- consumers, decomposers, producers.
What is the source of energy for most natural biogeocenoses: a- visible rays of solar radiation; b- thermal energy; c- chemical energy organic compounds; c- chemical energy inorganic compounds; d- chemical energy of organic compounds.
Name the ecological factor that limits the distribution of many animals and plants to the north: a- violation of the alternation of day and night, characteristic of mid-latitudes; b-lack of food; c- lack of heat; d excess moisture.
What is the primary source of energy in such a biogeocenosis as a lake or pond: a- thermal energy of solar radiation; b- visible rays of solar radiation; c- chemical energy of solar radiation; d- chemical energy of inorganic compounds.
Indicate the main direction of selection in agrocenoses: a- increase in the diversity of varieties and species; b- creation of organisms with maximum productivity; c- creation of organisms resistant to adverse environmental factors; d- creation of a sustainable ecological system
Name the environmental factor that is limiting for the brook trout: a- current speed; b- temperature; c- oxygen concentration; g - illumination.
Specify the biotic factor: a- light; b- temperature; v - wind speed; d- body odour.
What in biogeocenosis is a source of energy and building material for decomposers: a- living plants and animals; b- corpses and excrement (excretions) of plants and animals; c- oxidation energy is not organic matter; g - light energy.
In summer and winter, insects can develop several generations, and in autumn development stops at the hibernating stage. Name the factor that determines such a feature of development: a- temperature; b- humidity; c - length of the day; d - food availability.
Name the type of struggle for existence, the result of which was the formation of layering typical for oak forests: a - interspecific; b- intraspecific; c - with unfavorable environmental factors.
How does the degree of species diversity of living beings change vertically from the upper layers to the bottom of the ocean: a- constantly decreasing; b- constantly increasing; c- first decreases, then increases; r first increases, then decreases.
Indicate the abiotic factor: a- species of an individual of the opposite sex; b- feeding; c- warning coloring; d - mechanical composition of the soil.
Specify the most light-loving plants of the oak forest: a- maple, apple, pear; b- oak, ash, linden; c- herbaceous plants; g - hazel, euonymus, buckthorn, viburnum.
Name the main feature according to which one of the groups of living beings is called autotrophic: a- synthesize organic substances from inorganic ones; b- able to provide themselves with energy; c- capable of synthesizing any substances; d- capable of converting chemical compounds.
Specify the most shade-tolerant oak forest plants: a- maple, apple, pear; b- oak, ash, linden; c- herbaceous plants; g - hazel, euonymus, buckthorn, viburnum.
There are factors that make one biogeocenosis more stable than others. Find these factors among the answers and indicate the phenomenon that does NOT belong to such factors: a- more food chains; b- greater species diversity; c - high fecundity of representatives of the species that make up the biogeocnosis; d- long life span of representatives of the species that make up the biogeocnosis.
Name a group of animals whose representatives are more important in the biogeocenosis of oak forests than animals of other groups: a- large herbivorous ungulates; b- herbivorous insects; c- birds of prey; g- predatory insects.
Indicate the answer that lists all terrestrial vertebrates that are classified as homoiothermic, capable of maintaining their body temperature at a high and constant level: a- only birds; b- only mammals; c- reptiles, birds and mammals; c - only birds and mammals.
What phenomenon is conditionally called "biological clock": a- photoperiodism - the reaction of organisms to a change in the length of the day; b- the ability of living beings to navigate in time; c- age-related changes in organisms; d-seasonal changes, consisting in structural, functional and behavioral changes in living beings.
What is the regularity called the rule ecological pyramid: a- representatives of each next link in the food chain are larger than representatives of the previous link; b - the mass of the substance that serves as food for the next link in the food chain is always greater than the mass of the substance of this link; c - the number of individuals that make up each next link in the food chain, always less than number individuals of the previous link; d- each subsequent link in the food chain receives less energy than it received in the previous link.
There are several main reasons leading to a change in biogeocenoses. Which of these reasons leads to the most rapid change of biogeocenoses: a- change in climatic conditions; b- change in the habitat by living organisms themselves; c- impact of anthropogenic factors; d- evolutionary changes in the organic world.
Name the habitat of living organisms, which, in comparison with others, is the most complex and unstable, requires more high level organizations of living beings capable of existing in it and using its resources: a- water; b- ground - air; c- soil; g- bodies of other organisms.
Name the main condition under which competition occurs between two different species: a- common area; b- similar needs; c- the same intensity of reproduction; d are part of the same food chain.
Name the group of organisms whose representatives play a leading role in the process of changing terrestrial biogeocenoses: a- herbivores; b- predatory animals; c- plants; d bacteria and fungi.
Name the factor, the values of which in most cases have the least significance for living creatures living in the soil: a- mechanical properties; b- chemical composition; c- humidity; r temperature.
What is the proportion of biomass in the biosphere: a - 0.001%; b - 0.01%; c- 0.1%; Mr. 1%.
What is the proportion of the mass of green land plants in the biomass of the biosphere: a- 13%; b- 38%, c- 52%, d- 97%.
Name the distance at which the ozone layer is formed, reflecting cosmic radiation and ultraviolet rays that are harmful to living organisms: a- 5-7 km; b- 7-15km; c- 15-35 km; g-35-75 km.
Name the chemical compound from which ozone is formed in the lower layers of the stratosphere under the action of solar radiation: a-CO2; b- O2; c-H2O; g-H2O2.
At what time of the year are the “holes” in the ozone layer the largest: a - in summer; b- in the spring; in winter; Mr. autumn.
a- forest information
Q1: Instead of dots, choose the appropriate words:
1. The reaction of organisms to the length of the day -------……………………
2. There are three groups of environmental factors: …………………………
3Relief, soil, climate, air are …………………… factors.
4. A community of organisms inhabiting the same territory, interconnected by food chains and influencing each other, …………………
5. The amount of living matter, expressed in units of mass or energy, per unit area or volume, ……………………….
6Temporary state of the organism, in which vital processes are slowed down to a minimum and there are no visible signs of life, -………………..
7. Chemo-and-photosynthetic bacteria, green plants are…………..
8. Destroyers of organic residues are…………………………………..
9. Reducers include ………………….
10. The length of the food chain is limited by ……………………………………….
11. The biological productivity of biocenoses is determined by ………………
12. The number of plant and animal species that form this biogeocenosis …………………………
13. The number of individuals of a given species per unit area or volume …………
14. Change of some types of communities by others for a certain period of time …………………….
15. The geological shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms - ………….……………….
16. Universal nutrients are …………………………………………
17. Living matter in the biosphere performs 3 main functions………………………………..
18. The process of photosynthesis is especially strongly affected by fluctuations in the content in the atmosphere………….
19. The most harmless and expedient in the fight against pests of agricultural crops is to use …………….. control methods.
20. The science that studies the possibilities of applying the principles of organization and function of living organisms in technology - ……………………
21. The protection and regulation of the fishing of a number of animals is carried out with the aim of …………. the number of individuals.
22. The existence of a species in the form of …………. serves as the reason for its wide distribution and life in different conditions within the aisles of the species.
23. An artificial community created as a result of human activities is called ……………..
24. The nature of the relationship between moose and hares that eat similar food is called ……………….
25. Predators perform the function of ……………… numbers in the ecosystem, limiting the number of herbivorous animals to a certain limit, without completely destroying them.
Q2: Choose 3 correct answers from the suggested answers:
Heterotrophic organisms include:
What is the significance of the circulation of substances in the biosphere:
a - weathering of rocks
B - the appearance of herbaceous plants, shrubs c - the formation of the thinnest layer of soil d - the appearance of bacteria, algae, scale lichens d - the settlement of mosses and fruticose lichens e - the appearance of forest communities - to biogeocenoses (B):
consist of a large number of species
capable of self-regulation
incapable of self-regulation
composed of a small number of species
all nutrients absorbed by plants eventually return to the soil
a significant part of the nutrients is removed from the soil. To compensate for losses, it is necessary to constantly apply fertilizers.
Sunlight is the only source of energy
basic driving force evolution is artificial selection
natural selection is the driving force behind evolution
prosperity, conservation and high productivity of organisms are associated with human activities
1 What is the role of chemosynthetic bacteria in ecosystems?
2 Why are plants absent or very sparse on forest paths?
Build a food chain using all of the following objects: humus, spider, hawk, great tit, housefly. Determine the consumer of the third order in the composed chain.2
Why are owls in the forest ecosystem classified as second-order consumers, and mice as first-order consumers?
1. What features of psilophytes allowed them to be the first to master the land? Justify the answer. 2. What characterizes biological diversity? ANSWERS TO USE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC "ECOLOGY AND BIOSPHERE" PART A: 1-a 2-a 3-b 4-b 5-c 6-b 7-d 8-b 9-b 10-c 11-b 12-b 13-a 14-c 15-a 16-c 17-d 18-b 19-c 20-d 21-c 22-a 23-c 24-b 25-b 26-c 27-d 28-b 29- c 30-a 31-c 32-d 33-b 34-a 35-c 36-c 37-b 38-d 39-b 40-b 41-c 42-b 43-a 44-b 45-b 46 -c 47-g 48-g 49-g 50-c 51-b 52-c 53-b 54-a 55-a 56-g 57-g 58-a 59-c 60-c 61-a 62-g 63-a 64-b 65-a 66-c 67-g 68-g 69-g 70-b 71-b 72-d 73-a 74-c 75-a 76-a 77-a 78-c 79- a 80-d 81-a 82-d 83-c 84-d 85-c 86-c 87-b 88-a 89-b 90-a 91-d 92-a 93-c 94-b 95-d 96 -c 97-a 98-g 99-a 100-b 101-a 102-b 103-a 104-c 105-b 106-a 107-a 108-g 109-a 110-g 111-c 112-c 113-b 114-d 115-b 116 a 117-b 118-c 119-c 120-a 121-a 122-b 123-d 124-d 125-b 126-d 127-a 128-c 129-c PART B: B1 1- photoperiodism 2- abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic. 3- abiotic 4- biocenosis 5- density of life 6- anabiosis 7- producers 8- decomposers 9- bacteria 10- loss of energy 11- biomass 12- species composition 13- population density 14- succession 15- biosphere 16- CNHO 17- oxidizing reduction, gas, concentration 18- carbon dioxide 19- biological 20- bionics 21- regulation 22- population 23- agrocenosis (agroecosystem) 24- competition 25- regulation B2 1- a c d 2- b c d 3- a d e C3 1- a d e c e 3- A 3 4 6 8 1 0
C1(1) They form organic substances from inorganic substances and are referred to as producers. C1(2) Constant trampling leads to compaction of the soil (violation of the water and air regime of the roots) and oppression of plants. С2(1) 1. Humus - housefly - cross-spider - marsh tit - hawk. 2. Consumer of the third order - great tit. C2(2) 1. Owls feed on herbivorous animals, so they are classified as second-order consumers. 2. Mice eat plant foods, so they are classified as first-order consumers. C4(1) 1. Appearance of integumentary tissue - epidermis with stomata - contributing to protection from evaporation; 2. Emergence of an underdeveloped conducting system that ensures the transport of substances; 3. The appearance of a mechanical tissue that performs a supporting function; 4. The formation of rhizoids, with the help of which they were fixed in the soil. С4(2) 1. Genetic heterogeneity of individuals in the population;
- Book
Final testing in ecology in the form of the exam
1. What level of organization of life does ecology study?
1) cellular
2) molecular
3) specific
4) biogeocenotic
2. What is the reason for the tiered placement of plants in a mixed forest ecosystem?
1) lack of minerals in the soil
2) abundance of light
3) uneven soil moisture
4) competition between species
3. Which of the objects can be called an ecosystem?
1) a stump with organisms inhabiting it
2) a family of rooks nesting on a birch
3) population of sand martins
4) the totality of spruce individuals in the forest
4. What abiotic factor can lead to a sharp decline in the beaver population?
1) heavy rains in summer
2) increase in the number of aquatic plants
3) drying up of the reservoir
4) intensive shooting of animals
5. What anthropogenic factor can lead to an increase in the population of hares in the forest?
1) cutting trees
2) shooting wolves and foxes
3) trampling plants
4) making fires
6. What environmental factor serves as a signal for the preparation of birds for flights?
1) lowering the air temperature
2) change in daylight hours
3) increase in cloudiness
4) change in atmospheric pressure
7. The relationship between tits and caterpillars is called predation, since
1) tits and caterpillars live in the same forest
2) tits and caterpillars eat similar foods
3) tits eat caterpillars
8. The relationship between squirrels and woodpeckers is called competition, since
1) squirrels eat woodpeckers
2) woodpeckers attack squirrels
3) they have similar diseases
4) they eat similar foods
9. What is the type of relationship between the white
mushroom and oak?
3) predation 4) competition
14. What is the type of relationship between a dog and a pasture tick called?
1) competition
2) symbiosis
3) predation
15. . Why consumers cannot exist without producers?
1) unable to reproduce without them
2) consumers - a younger group in evolutionary terms
3) producers - the main source of minerals
4) are not able to synthesize organic substances from inorganic
16. Why is about 90% of energy lost when moving from one link in the food chain to another?
1) energy is not transferred from plants to animals
2) energy is released during photosynthesis
3) the main part remains in the bodies of plants
4) energy is spent on life processes and
dissipates in the environment
17. Why is the Black Sea considered a sustainable ecosystem?
1) located in a warm climate
2) a large number of species live
3) several species with high abundance prevail
4) a small number of food chains is characteristic
18. The manifestation of self-regulation in an ecosystem is evidenced by
1) an increase in the number of owls with an increase in the number
2) ecosystem change due to climate change
3) rapid reproduction of many species
4) the extinction of many species as a result of human activities
19. Why is there an open cycle of substances in the agroecosystem of a wheat field, in contrast to the ecosystem of a water meadow?
1) there are no decomposers in the agroecosystem
2) it does not use solar energy
3) little organic matter is formed
4) the transfer of substances in food chains is disrupted
20. How does the biomass of algae in the waters of the World Ocean change with depth?
1) first increases, then decreases
2) stays the same
3) increases
4) decreases
21. The greenhouse effect can contribute to the rapid development of plants in the biosphere, as it leads
1) to the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere
2) to increase the transparency of the atmosphere
3) to an increase in the density of the atmosphere
4) to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
22. Organisms producers, consumers, decomposers - the main structural components
1) biogeocenosis
3) populations
4) biosphere
23. Which power circuit correctly reflects the transmission in it
1) fox - "earthworm - * hedgehog - + leaf litter
2) leaf litter -> earthworm - hedgehog -> fox
3) hedgehog -> earthworm -> leaf litter -> fox
4) hedgehog —> fox —* earthworm —> leaf litter
24. Determine the correct food chain.
1) hawk - thrush -\u003e caterpillar - "nettle
2) nettle —» thrush —> caterpillar —> hawk
3) caterpillar - "nettle -" thrush - "hawk
4) nettle —> caterpillar —* thrush —> hawk
Choose three answers out of six.
B 1. Consumers include
1) green plants;
2) animals;
3) autotrophic bacteria;
4) heterotrophic plants;
Q 2. Which of the following objects are classified as ecosystems?
1) the totality of squirrel populations in the forest
3) Lake Baikal
4) the totality of all plant species in the lake
5) marine mammals
6) a pond with organisms living in it
Set a match.
B 3. Establish a correspondence between the inhabitants of the pond and the links of the ecosystem to which they belong:
Inhabitants of the pond Links of ecosystems
1) coastal vegetation A) producers
2) carp B) consumers
3) larvae of amphibians
4) Phytoplankton
5) Bottom plants
6) Big pond
B 4. Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of the environment and its factor
CHARACTERISTICS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
1) the constancy of the gas composition of the atmosphere A) biotic
2) change in the thickness of the ozone screen
3) change in air humidity B) abiotic
4) change in the number of consumers
5) change in the number of producers
Set the sequence.
B 5. Establish the sequence in which the indicated organisms are located in the food chain.
A) frog
B) naked slug
D) cabbage
B 6. Establishing in what sequence the levels of organization of the living are arranged:
A) biocenotic
B) species
B) popular
D) biogeocenotic
D) organismic
E) biospheric
C 1. Explain why a decrease in the number of otters first leads to an increase in the number of fish, and then to their reduction.
C 2. Why does plowing the soil improve the living conditions of cultivated plants?
C 3. Read the text and find sentences in it that contain biological errors. First write down the numbers of these sentences, and then formulate them correctly.
1. All environmental factors affecting organisms are divided into biotic, geological and anthropogenic.
2. Biotic factors are temperature, climatic conditions, humidity, illumination.
3. Anthropogenic factors - the impact of man and the products of his activities on the environment.
4. Factor whose value in this moment is within the limits of endurance and deviates to the greatest extent from the optimal value, is called limiting.
5. Mutualism is a form of mutually negative interactions between organisms.
Read the text and do the tasks.
The biosphere is a part of the biological shell of the Earth, the properties of which are determined by the activity of living organisms. The doctrine of the biosphere was created by the Russian geochemist V. I. Vernadsky. According to him, the biosphere is the shell where life exists or has existed.
The biosphere covers the entire surface of the land, seas and oceans, that part of the bowels of the Earth where there are rocks created by the activity of living organisms - coal, oil, gas - biogenic substances. In the depths of the solid part of the Earth, active life penetrates in some places up to 3 km (bacteria in oil fields).
In the atmosphere, the boundaries of the spread of life are limited by the ozone screen at an altitude of about 20 km. It blocks the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Vernadsky called the whole mass of organisms of all kinds the living matter of the Earth, which constantly redistribute in the course of metabolism chemical elements in nature, carry out the cycle of substances.
Life has created a soil layer on the surface of the land. Mineral components, decaying organic substances and numerous microorganisms are so closely interconnected in it that Vernadsky attributed it to special, bio-inert bodies of nature. The waters of the World Ocean have the same bioinert composition, saturated with countless inhabitants to the bottom of the deepest depressions of 10-11 km.
The inert substance of the biosphere is formed by processes in which living organisms do not participate. For example, igneous rocks.
The part of the biosphere that is under the influence of active human activity is called the noosphere - the sphere of the human mind. Most often, the impact of mankind on the biosphere is detrimental, which in turn is detrimental to humanity.
C 4. Read the text. Fill in the missing information in the table
|
Component |
a brief description of |
Examples |
|
Living matter |
The totality of living organisms and their metabolic products |
|
|
Formed by processes in which living organisms do not participate |
Igneous rocks |
|
|
Nutrient |
Coal, oil, gas |
|
|
Formed as a result joint activities organisms and inanimate bodies |
C 5. Based on the text, answer the question: what are the upper and lower boundaries of the biosphere?
C6. Based on the text, express and justify the assumption: what is the merit scientific ideas V. I. Vernadsky?
MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
"SEVERAGE SCHOOL № 1"
TOPIC TEST
"BIOSPHERE"
(theoretical part)
tests in the form of the exam
GENERAL BIOLOGY
9 - 11 GRADE
prepared
biology teacher
Andreeva Elvira Yurievna
Norilsk - 2010
Test option number 1
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question. What is the biomass of the land surface, soil and oceans?
Test option number 2
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. In them, you need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
assignments to establish the correspondence of positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
Test option number 3
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. In them, you need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
assignments to establish the correspondence of positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
- nature reserves 3) wildlife sanctuaries biogeocenoses 4) natural parks
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The gas function of living matter includes the following processes: A. return of molecular nitrogen to the atmosphere by bacteria B. assimilation of atmospheric molecular nitrogen by nodule bacteria. the ability to accumulate a certain substance in the cells of horsetails and sedges. breathing process D. accumulation of iodine in the cells of the seaweed kelp E. storage chemical substances in the cells of organisms
Test option number 4
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. In them, you need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
assignments to establish the correspondence of positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
A1. Set of populations different types, interconnected by food and energy connections, as well as with factors of inanimate nature, the circulation of substances that have been living in a certain territory for a long time, are called:
- ecosystem 3) biosphere noosphere 4) species
- abiotic factors 3) living organisms anthropogenic factors 4) biological rhythms
- weakens competition between species changes their habitat contributes to the lengthening of food chains affects seasonal changes in nature
- hydrosphere 3) lithosphere of the atmosphere 4) life on Earth
- application of fertilizers 3) erosion, salinization creation of forest belts in the steppe 4) alternation of grown cultivated plants
- simpler ones allow obtaining environmentally friendly products does not require special conditions does not require skilled labor
- biogeocenosis 3) biosphere agrocenosis 4) experimental station
- animals 3) fungi bacteria 4) plants
- non-periodic 3) abiotic anthropogenic 4) biotic
- the synthesis of substances by organisms 3) the circulation of substances the breakdown of substances by organisms 4) the constant supply of substances from space
- type of animal 3) kingdom department of plant 4) biogeocenosis
- creation of artificial reservoirs 3) reduction of forest area land irrigation 4) drainage of swamps
- gas 3) concentration redox 4) biogeochemical
- oxygen 3) climate living matter 4) heat of the earth's interior
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The biosphere includes: A. plants G. bacteria B. bioinert substance D. biogenic substanceC. living matter E. inert matter
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question. What are the reasons for the stability of the biosphere?
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question. What are the main functions of the living matter of the biosphere?
Test option number 5
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. In them, you need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
assignments to establish the correspondence of positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
A1. In preserving the diversity of plant and animal species in the biosphere great importance It has:
- creation of nature reserves expansion of the area of agrocenoses increase in the productivity of agrocenoses control of pests of agricultural plants
- self-regulation 3) ecosystem changes population fluctuations 4) ecosystem stability
- biogeocenoses 3) biorhythms of the leading role of living matter in the biosphere 4) photoperiodism
- protect the biosphere from pollution increase the productivity of agrocenoses accelerate the cycle of substances in the biosphere slow down the cycle of substances in the biosphere
- biosphere 3) biosphere biogeocenosis 4) reserve
- abiotic factors 3) anthropogenic factors limiting factors 4) living matter
- unstable ecosystem 3) self-regulation in the ecosystem of a stable ecosystem 4) population increase
- creation of the lithosphere 3) creation of the World Ocean transformation of matter and energy 4) formation of continents
- changes in atmospheric pressure regulation of the population size of game animals reduction of biodiversity creation of new varieties of plants and animal breeds
- cycling of substances 3) the emergence of adaptations in organisms changing ecosystems 4) the emergence of new species
- in the process of reproduction 3) with inhaled air through food chains 4) with wastewater
- To Linnaeus 3) V.I. Vernadsky Zh.B. Lamarck 4) V.N. Sukachev
- cosmic energy and intraplanetary thermal energy intraplanetary thermal energy cosmic energy solar energy
- bird flight height 3) ozone layer spore detection height 4) has no upper limit
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The functions of living matter in the biosphere include: A. accumulative G. concentration B. redox D. gas conductive E. oxidative
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question. What is the significance of the circulation of substances in nature for the existence of the biosphere? Give examples.
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question. The doctrine of the biosphere.
Test option number 6
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. In them, you need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
assignments to establish the correspondence of positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
A1. The process of periodic decrease in the population size under the influence of environmental factors to a certain limit and its subsequent increase is called:
- biological rhythm 3) self-regulation by the circulation of substances 4) migration of atoms
- metabolism 3) circulation of substances self-regulation 4) seasonal changes in the life of organisms
- strengthening the cycle of substances 3) lengthening food chains, the emergence of food chains 4) changing the ecosystem
- improvement of mineral nutrition of plants of forest death in a number of regions the globe improve water metabolism in plants enhance photosynthesis
- redox 3) biogeochemical gas 4) concentration
- protection of the biosphere 3) protection of human rights to clean air refusal to use any technology 4) suspension of the development of the biosphere
- reserve 3) community agroecosystem 4) forest park
- agroecosystem 3) unstable ecosystem sustainable ecosystem 4) ecosystem development
- gas 3) storage concentration 4) redox
- biotic and chemical components biotic and dead components living and chemical components biotic and abiotic components
- animals, including humans 3) plants and humans plants and animals 4) living organisms that inhabit the planet and humans
- biochemical 3) biogeochemical chemical 4) biological
- reserves 3) reserves
A14. Despite the constant use by plants of inorganic substances absorbed from the soil, their supply in the soil does not dry out, as the following occurs:
- metabolism 3) circulation of substances change of biogeocenoses 4) self-regulation
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The gas functions of living matter include the following processes: A. return of molecular nitrogen to the atmosphere by bacteria B. assimilation of atmospheric molecular nitrogen by nodule bacteria. the ability to accumulate a certain substance in the cells of horsetails and sedges. breathing process D. accumulation of iodine in the cells of the seaweed kelp E. accumulation of chemicals in the cells of organisms
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question. Name the components and boundaries of the biosphere.
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question. What are the reasons for the stability of the biosphere?
Key answers to tests on the biosphere.
question number
