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Municipal budgetary educational institution main comprehensive school No. 7 of the settlement of Prirechensky municipal formation, the city of Goryachiy Klyuch
History test Russia XIX century. "Crimean War 1853-1856"
Savchenko Natalia Ivanovna teacher of history and social studies
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1. Select the date of the reign of Nicholas I: a) 1801-1825; b) 1825-1855; c) 1762-1796. 2. Indicate the years when the Crimean War took place: a) 1853-1855; b) 1855-1856; c) 1853-1856 3. In Europe, the Crimean War was called: a) Northern; b) Eastern; c) Western. 4. The following did not act on the side of Turkey: a) England; b) Prussia; c) France. 5. When did the Sinop battle take place? a) November 18, 1853; b) October 18, 1853; c) November 8, 1853 6. Who commanded the Russian squadron in the battle of Sinop? a) V.I. Istomin; b) V.A. Kornilov; c) P.S. Nakhimov. 7. Who led the defense of Sevastopol? a) V.A. Kornilov and P.S. Nakhimov; b) A.S. Menshikov and I.D. Gorchakov; c) E.I. Totleben and S.A. Khrulev.
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8. How many months did the defense of Sevastopol last? a) 10; b) 11; c) 12. 9. What was the name of the first nurse in the Russian army? a) Dasha Krymskaya; b) Masha of Sevastopol; c) Dasha Sevastopolskaya. 10. The fall of Sevastopol predetermined the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War. When did it happen? a) 1853; b) 1854; c) 1855. 11. What was the fate of the Black Sea squadron of the Russian fleet in the Crimean War? a) was defeated by the Turkish fleet in the Sinop Bay; b) took refuge in the ports of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus; c) was flooded at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay. 12. Which of the great Russian doctors participated in the defense of Sevastopol? a) S.I. Botkin; b) N.I. Pirogov; c) N.V. Sklifosovsky.
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13. What was the name of the hero - a sailor of the Sevastopol defense, whose exploits were described in his Sevastopol stories by L.N. Tolstoy? a) Petr Koshka; b) Ivan Gavrilov; c) Semyon Shein. 14. Set the sequence of events: a) Surrender of Sevastopol; b) Sinop battle; c) Death of Kornilov. (b, c, a) 15. Which name falls out of the general logical series: a) Kornilov; b) Nakhimov; c) Ermolov. 16. What were the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty? a) Russia paid the victorious countries an indemnity in the amount of 50 million rubles; b) Russia was forbidden to have a merchant and fishing fleet on the Black Sea; c) The Black Sea was declared neutral. 17. The crisis of the Nikolaev system manifested itself in: a) the collapse of the financial system; b) backwardness military equipment; c) profitability Agriculture.
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18. Nicholas I understood that the main reason hindering the development of the country was: a) mediocrity of officials; b) serfdom; c) imperfection of the administrative apparatus. 19. Who is depicted in the portraits?
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
b c b b a c a b c c c b a (b, c, a) c c b b
ANSWERS:
19. Nicholas I; V.A. Kornilov; P.S. Nakhimov; P.M. Cat.
Information sources: 1. Danilov A.A., Kosulina L.G. History of Russia XIX. 8th grade. M., Enlightenment, 2009 Danilov A.A., Kosulina L.G. History of Russia XIX. Workbook., M., Education, 2009 Kolganova E.V., Sumakova N.V. Pourochnye development on the history of Russia. XIX century. 8th grade. M., Wako, 2006 http://artchive.ru/images/work/800/23197/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0 %B9-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%
Crimean War
Option 1
1. The reason for the Crimean War was the desire of Russia:
1) join nations North Caucasus
2) go to the shores of the Black Sea
3) annex Bessarabia
4) expand influence in the Balkans
2. The landing of the Anglo-French troops in the Evpatoria region meant that the main hostilities were transferred to the territory:
1) Turkey
2) Crimea
3) Balkan Peninsula
4) Transcaucasia
3. The Sinop naval battle took place in:
1) 1825
2) 1837
3) 1853
4) 1856
4. Who was one of the participants in the heroic defense of Sevastopol?
1) E.I. Totleben
2) A.P. Ermolov
3) A.S. Menshikov
4) P.D. Kiselev
5. What did the predominance of sailing ships in the Russian fleet mean?
1) the steam fleet had less speed and maneuverability
2) steam engines in the 19th century. almost never used on ships
3) Russia was ahead of the fleets of Western countries in terms of technical equipment
4) the Russian fleet in terms of technical equipment
lagged behind Western countries
6. Under the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty, Russia:
1) received new territories in Transcaucasia
2) was deprived of the right to keep the navy on the Black
sea
3) gave Turkey Sevastopol
4) acquired the right of free passage of ships through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles
Crimean War
Option 2
1. What was the reason for the start of the Crimean War?
1) accession to Russia of the territory of Central Asia
2) the capture of Istanbul by British troops
3) suppression by troops Holy Union revolution in France
4) a dispute between the Orthodox and Catholic churches for the right to control Christian shrines in Palestine
2. The battle of Sinop unfolded in the bay off the coast:
1) Turkey
2) Crimea
3) Balkan Peninsula
4) Transcaucasia
3. Dates of the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War:
4. Who was Turkey's ally during the Crimean War?
1) England
2) Germany
3) Iran
4) Sweden
5. What did the use of flintlock smoothbore rifles in the Russian army during the Crimean War mean?
1) rifled weapons had a lower rate of fire
2) smoothbore weapons had a greater range
3) Russia was ahead of Western countries in terms of technical equipment
4) Russia was technically lagging behind Western countries
6. After the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty:
1) international position Russia got stronger
2) ruling circles Russia realized the need to modernize the country
3) a new anti-Turkish coalition was created in Europe, consisting of Russia, England and France
4) the country's defense capability has increased
7. What is the name of the document, an excerpt from which is given?
ARTICLE XI
The Black Sea is declared neutral: the entrance to the ports and waters of it, open to merchant shipping of all peoples, is formally and forever forbidden to warships, both coastal and all other powers ...
ARTICLE XIII
Due to the declaration of the Black Sea as neutral on the basis of Article XI, it cannot be necessary to maintain or establish naval arsenals on the shores of it, as having no purpose, and therefore E.V. emperor of all Russia and e. and. V. the sultans undertake not to start or leave any naval arsenal on these shores.
7. Indicate the name of the city missing in the passage.
Comrades! Our troops after the bloody battle
with a superior enemy retreated to,
to protect him with his chest. The Commander-in-Chief decided to sink 5 old ships in the fairway: they would temporarily block the entrance to the raid ... It is sad to destroy our work: a lot of our efforts were used to keep the ships, doomed victims, but we must submit to necessity ...
Test on the topic "Crimean War of 1853-1856"
1. The reason for the Crimean War wasa) decline in power Ottoman Empire b) aggravation of the Eastern questionc) Russia's desire to reach the shores of the Black Sead) Russia's desire to expand its influence in Asia
2. The reason for the start of the war wasa) accession to Russia of Central Asiab) strengthening the influence of Russia in the Balkan regionc) The dispute over the right to control Christian shrines in Palestine between the Orthodox and Catholic churchesd) Russian interference in the internal affairs of Turkey
3. Turkey's ally during the Crimean War was a) Germany b) England c) Italy d) Prussia
4. On the Caucasian front, Russian troops managed to inflict a number of defeats on the Turkish army and capture a) Kars b) Kabardu c) Sukhum d) Batum
5. The defense of Sevastopol lasted a) 8 months b) 14 months c) 11 months d) 6 months
6. Further defense of Sevastopol became impossible after the capturea) Sevastopol Bay b) Small land c) Mamaev Kurgand) Malakhov Kurgan
7. The total losses among the defenders of Sevastopol amounted to a) 1300 people b) 1000 people c) 1100 people d) 1400 people
8. Establish a correspondence between the warring countries and their goals in the war
Warring countries
9. Match the last name historical figure and its activities
historical figure
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.10. Match Date to Event
date
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.11. Establish a correspondence between the section of the border strip of Russia and the ratio of its military strengthSection of the border strip of Russia For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
12. Arrange events in chronological orderA) England and France declared war on Russiab) The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia B) Parisian peace D) the fall of SevastopolD) the defeat of ShamilE) Sinop battle
13. Name the provisions that are the reasons for the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War1) betrayal of allies2) Russia's lack of allies in the war3) political isolation of Russia4) small army5) military-technical backwardness of Russia6) mediocrity of the military command Answer: _________________
14. What are the provisions that are the conditions of the Paris Peace Treaty1) loss of Sevastopol by Russia2) Russia was deprived of the right to keep the navy on the Black Sea3) the right of free passage through the Bosporus and Dardanelles was obtained4) closing the straits of the Black Sea for all countries5) the return of the Ottoman Empire, everything captured in southern Bessarabia, at the mouth of the Danube River and in the Caucasus6) Russia received new territories in Transcaucasia Answer: _________________
15. Name the provisions reflecting the places of hostilities of the Crimean War 1) Caucasus 2) Baltic states 3) Crimea 4) Danubian Principalities 5) Ural 6) Kamchatka 7) Far East8) Caspian Sea Answer: _________________
ANSWERS:
1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6 d 7. a 8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. 2,3,5 14. 2,4,5 15. 1,3,4,6
Crimean War 1853-1856 also called Eastern war because of the so-called "Eastern Question", which officially served as a pretext for starting hostilities. What is the "Eastern question", as it was understood in Europe in the middleXIXcentury? This is a set of claims to Turkish possessions, stretching from the Middle Ages, from the time of the Crusades, to the lands associated with the ancient shrines of Christianity. Initially, they meant only Palestine and Syria. After the capture of Constantinople and the Balkans by the Turks, the plans of the European powers to assert their dominion over all lands began to be called the "Eastern Question" former Byzantium under the pretext of "liberation of Christians".
In the middleXIXcentury Russian emperor NicholasIdeliberately aggravated relations with Turkey. The pretext for this was the transfer by the Turkish government of jurisdiction over some Christian churches in Jerusalem to the Catholic mission, which was under the auspices of France. For Nicholas, this was a violation of a long tradition, according to which Turkey recognized the Russian autocrat as the patron of all Christians on its territory, and the Orthodox confession enjoyed an advantage there over other Christian denominations.
Politics of NicholasIin relation to Turkey has repeatedly changed. In 1827, the Russian squadron, together with the Anglo-French, defeated Turkish fleet in the Bay of Navarino under the pretext of protecting the rebellious Greeks. This event served as a pretext for Turkey to declare war on Russia (1828-1829), which was once again successful for Russian weapons. As a result, Greece gained independence, and Serbia gained autonomy. But NicholasIhe feared the collapse of Turkey and in 1833 threatened the Egyptian Pasha Muhammad Ali with war if he did not stop the movement of his army to Istanbul. Thanks to this, NicholasImanaged to conclude a profitable agreement with Turkey (in Uskar-Inkelessi) on the free navigation of Russian ships, including military ones, through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.
However, by the 1850s, Nicholas had a plan to divide Turkey with other powers. First of all, he tried to interest the Austrian Empire in this, in 1849 saved from collapse by the Russian army, which suppressed the revolution in Hungary, but stumbled upon a blank wall. Then NicholasIturned to England. At a meeting with the British ambassador in St. Petersburg, Hamilton Seymour, in January 1853, the tsar expressed a plan to divide the Ottoman Empire. Moldavia, Wallachia and Serbia passed under the protectorate of Russia. From the Balkan possessions of Turkey, Bulgaria stood out, which was also supposed to form a state under the protectorate of Russia. England received Egypt and the island of Crete. Constantinople turned into a neutral zone.
NicholasIhe was sure that his proposal would meet with the approval and participation of England, but he miscalculated cruelly in this. His assessment of the international situation on the eve of the Crimean War turned out to be erroneous, and Russian diplomacy was to blame for this, for decades praising the tsar with reassuring reports about the unchanging respect enjoyed by Russia in the West. The Russian ambassadors in London (Baron F.I. Brunnov), Paris (Count N.D. Kiselev), Vienna (Baron P.K. Meyendorf) and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count K.V. Nesselrode managed to overlook the rapprochement between England and France and the growing hostility of Austria towards Russia.
NicholasIhoped for a rivalry between England and France. At that time, the king considered his main opponent in the East, inciting Turkey to resist, France. French ruler Louis Bonaparte, who in 1852 proclaimed himself emperor under the name of NapoleonIII, dreamed of settling accounts with Russia, and not only because of his famous uncle, but also because he considered himself a deeply offended Russian tsar, who did not recognize his imperial title for a long time. England's interests in the Middle East brought her closer to France, as opposed to Russia's intentions.
Nevertheless, being sure of the benevolence or cowardice of the Western powers, NicholasIin the spring of 1853 he sent Prince A.S. Menshikov with the task of negotiating "holy places" and privileges Orthodox Church in Turkey from a position of strength. Menshikov made the break in relations with Turkey desired by the tsar, and in June of the same year, NikolaiIbegan to send Russian troops to Moldavia and Wallachia, which were under the protectorate of Turkey.
For their part, France and England, confident in their own strength, were also looking for a pretext for war. Both powers did not smile at all about the strengthening of Russia's position in the East, and they were not at all going to cede influence to it in Turkey, which was sprawling at the seams. British diplomacy very skillfully showed the appearance that it did not want an aggravation of relations with Russia. Meanwhile, behind the scenes, the British ambassador in Constantinople, Stretford-Ratcliffe, vigorously incited the Porte to intransigence Menshikov in the negotiations (which, however, was easy). When England finally dropped the mask, NikolaiIunderstood everything, but it was already too late.
The tsar decided to occupy the Danubian principalities in order to secure his demands on Turkey, but, as in 1827, he did not declare war yet, leaving the Turks to do this (which happened in October 1853). However, unlike the times of the Battle of Navarino, the situation was now completely different. Russia found itself in international isolation. England and France immediately demanded that Russia withdraw its troops from the Danube principalities. The Vienna court was more and more inclined towards Russia's ultimatum about the same. Only Prussia remained neutral.
NicholasIbelatedly decided to intensify military action against Turkey. Refusing at the very beginning landing operation near Constantinople, he ordered the troops to cross the Danube and transfer the war to the Ottoman Empire proper (to the territory of present-day Bulgaria). Simultaneously Russian Black Sea Fleet destroyed the Turkish on the road of Sinop and burned the city. In response to this, England and France entered their fleets into the Black Sea. March 27, 1854 they declared war on Russia.
The main reason for the Crimean War was the desire of the great European powers to assert themselves at the expense of the decrepit Ottoman Empire and prevent their rivals from doing so. In this regard, Russia, England and France were driven by similar motives. England and France were able to agree on common interests, while Russia failed to attract any ally. The unsuccessful foreign policy combination for Russia, in which the war began and went on for her, was due to an inadequate assessment by her ruling circles of the international situation, as well as the forces and influence of Russia.
8th grade
Option 1
A1.
Cause of the Crimeanwar was the desire of Russia:
a) annex the peoples of the North Caucasus
b) go to the shores of the Black Sea
c) annex Bessarabia
d) expand influence in the Balkans
A2.disembarkationAnglo-Frenchtroops in the Evpatoria region meant that the main hostilities were transferred to the territory:
a) Turkey
b) Crimea
c) the Balkan Peninsula
d) Transcaucasia
AZ. When did it happenSinopsea battle?
a) in 1825
b) in 1837
c) in 1853
d) in 1856
A4
. Who was one of the participants in the heroic defense of Sevastopol?
a) E.I. Totleben
b) A.P. Ermolov
you. Menshikov
d) P.D. Kiselev
A5.
What did the predominance of sailing ships in the Russian fleet mean?
a) the steam fleet had less
speed and agility
b) steam engines in the nineteenth century. almost never used on ships
c) Russia was ahead of the fleets
Western countries by the level of technical equipment
d) the Russian fleet lagged behind Western countries in terms of technical equipment
A6. Terms
Paris Peace Treaty Russia:
a) received new territories in Transcaucasia
b) was deprived of the right to keep the navy on the Black Sea
c) gave Turkey Sevastopol
d) acquired the right of free passage of ships through the Bosporus and Dardanelles
IN 1.Fill in the name of the city missing in the passage.
Comrades! Our troops, after a bloody battle with a superior enemy, retreated to ________ to protect him with their breasts. The Commander-in-Chief decided to sink 5 old ships in the fairway: they would temporarily block the entrance to the raid ... It is sad to destroy our work: a lot of our efforts were used to keep the ships, doomed victims, but we must submit to necessity ...
8th grade
Test on the topic "Crimean War"
Option 2
A1. What was the reason for the start of the Crimean War?
a) accession to Russia of the territory of Central Asia
b) the capture of Istanbul by British troops
c) the suppression of the revolution in France by the troops of the Holy Alliance
d) a dispute between the Orthodox and Catholic churches for the right to control Christian shrines in Palestine
A2. The battle of Sinop unfolded in the bay off the coast:
a) Turkey
b) Crimea
c) the Balkan Peninsula
D) Transcaucasia
AZ. Indicate the dates of the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.
a) in November 1853 - September 1854
b) in September 1854 - August 1855
c) in February 1855 - March 1856.
d) in August 1855 - March 1856.
A4. Who was an ally of Turkey during the Crimean War
a) England
b) Germany
c) Iran
d) Sweden
A5. What did the use of flintlock smoothbore rifles in the Russian army during the Crimean War mean?
a) rifled weapons had a lower rate of fire
b) smooth-bore weapons had a greater range
c) Russia was ahead of Western countries in terms of technical equipment
d) Russia was technically lagging behind Western countries
A6. After the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty:
a) Russia's international position has strengthened
b) the ruling circles of Russia realized the need to modernize the country
c) a new anti-Turkish coalition was created in Europe, consisting of Russia, England and France
d) strengthened the country's defense capability
IN 1. What is the name of the document from which the excerpt is given?
ARTICLE XI
The Black Sea is declared neutral: the entrance to the ports and waters of it, open to merchant shipping of all peoples, is formally and forever forbidden to warships, both coastal and all other powers ...
ARTICLE XIII
Due to the declaration of the Black Sea as neutral on the basis of Article XI, it cannot be necessary to maintain or establish naval arsenals on the shores of it, as having no purpose, and therefore E.V. emperor of all Russia and e. and. V. the sultans undertake not to start or leave any naval arsenal on these shores.
