Priest hero of the Second World War 1941 1945. Orthodox priests - soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. Tanks and planes from the Orthodox Church

England attracts everyone not only with its sights and various bright events, but also with its preserved political system - there is still a constitutional monarchy. Let not only monarchs decide everything, the kings and queens of England have always attracted public attention.

One of the brightest female representatives at the helm of England is Elizabeth I, who entered the world history as "Virgin Queen". The period of her reign (1558 - 1603) is considered the golden age in the history of England. At this time, the country's position on the world stage was strengthened, and within the state there was a flourishing of culture.

The childhood of the future queen

Elizabeth I is the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife. The king passionately loved her mother, but hoped that she would bear him a son, since he already had a daughter, Maria, from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. The girl was born in Greenwich on September 7, 1533.. They named her after Elizabeth of York, mother of Henry VIII.

Already in December, the girl was assigned a residence near London, Hatfield House. Although the mother was attached to the child, they rarely visited her. And Henry VIII himself was not indifferent to the heiress, the fault of his attitude towards his daughter was only her gender. Anne Boleyn was never able to give birth to a son, Henry. Because of what he decided to get rid of his wife, accusing her of treason, both personal and state.

And although everyone then suspected falsification of evidence, Anna was executed on the infamous May 19, 1536, when her daughter was not even three years old. Almost immediately after these events, Henry married again, and declared his daughter Elizabeth illegitimate, as he had done with his first daughter Mary.

The third wife of Henry VIII Jane Seymour gave birth to his long-awaited heir - the son of Edward. Jane tried to reunite the king with his daughters, but Henry did not want to see the daughter of Anne Boleyn, whom he considered a traitor, near him. The future Queen Elizabeth I still remained in a palace remote from London.

When Jane died, the king married three more times. With Anna Klevskaya, the fourth wife, he easily divorced, and the fifth - Keith Howard, ordered to be executed in the Tower for treason. At this time, Elizabeth was 9 years old, and this execution seriously affected her.

Historians believe that it was precisely this situation that caused Elizabeth's rejection of marriage, since now for her marriage to a man was associated with death.

Although she was considered illegitimate, they dealt with Elizabeth the best teachers from Cambridge. When he grew up, Edward began to study with the same teachers. Elizabeth showed her abilities: she knew Latin, she could not only read, but also write in it; She knew Italian, French and Greek quite well.

With the sixth wife of Henry VIII, Catherine Parr, Elizabeth developed a good relationship. During this marriage of Heinrich, calm reigned in their family. Parr maintained relations with his illegitimate daughters, Elizabeth treated her brother Edward well. King Henry was quite happy in this marriage, besides, he was growing up an heir.

In January 1547, Henry VIII died. The will spoke of the transfer of the throne to his son Edward. At the death of Edward without heirs, the throne passed to the eldest daughter Mary and her children, then came Elizabeth and her heirs. That is, at the end of his life, he recognized his daughters, although unofficially.

Rise to power

The widow of King Henry VIII, Catherine Parr, after his death, married the courtier Thomas Seymour, who was Edward's uncle. Seymour was an adventurer and intriguer, historians say that over time he planned to marry Elizabeth.

Therefore, Elizabeth's stepmother, although she loved the girl, sent her to the Cheshunt estate in Hertfordshire. There, the future queen continued her studies. Elizabeth idolized her teacher, Roger Asham, all her life; this man possessed truly encyclopedic knowledge.

Catherine Parr died of puerperal fever, and Thomas Seymour decided to start a coup d'état, but his attempt failed. In January 1549 he was executed. Elizabeth was also suspected of involvement in this conspiracy.

In 1551, Elizabeth was invited to the court, as they maintained good relations with her brother. His death in 1553 greatly upset Elizabeth. Before his death, Edward changed the law of succession under the influence of John Dudley, according to which Mary and Elizabeth were excluded from the number of heirs. Edward wanted to see his sisters before his death, but they, fearing arrest, did not come to London.

After the death of Edward VI, the Regent of England, who had represented Edward during his reign because of his youth, John Dudley attempted to grant the throne to his daughter-in-law, Jane Grey, who was Henry VIII's first aunt. Mary, the eldest daughter of King Henry VIII, was at this time under the protection of the Catholic aristocracy in the north of England.

When Jane I was proclaimed Queen of England, Mary's followers declared Mary their queen.

An armed conflict broke out between the adherents of Mary and the supporters of Jane I. Elizabeth remained in Hatfield during the conflict, as she was warned of the possible danger. Although the Protestants had great influence in England, in this case they supported Mary, though a Catholic, but the daughter and sister of the former kings. Soon John Dudley and some of his sons were executed in the Tower.

In 1553, she officially became the Queen of England. She was already 37 years old at that time. She saw her main task as the return of England to Catholicism. Mary Tudor went down in history as "Bloody Mary".

Mary I Tudor went down in history as "Bloody Mary"

On suspicion of participating in a conspiracy, Queen Mary placed her sister in the Tower, but was forced to save her life, since no evidence of her involvement was found. There, Elizabeth began to communicate with a childhood friend and son of John Dudley Robert, who later began to play a prominent role in her life.

Before the wedding with Philip of Spain, Mary rescued Elizabeth from the Tower, but sent her into exile in the city of Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Their marriage turned out to be childless, so the English queen retained chances for the throne.

Already at her death, Queen Mary resisted the transfer of the throne to Elizabeth, as she did not want the return of Protestantism to England. But under the influence of her husband, who treated Elizabeth well or simply did not want to spoil relations with her, she gave in and officially appointed her sister as heiress. Mary died November 17, 1558.

On November 28, 1558, the new English queen, 25-year-old Elizaveta I, officially ascended the throne.

Years of government

When Queen Elizabeth I came to power, she rewarded people who helped her during her disgrace, warned of dangers and supported her in every possible way. William Cecil, who had warned of the conflict after Edward's death, was appointed secretary of state, Robert Dudley was given the position of equerry, which ensured his constant presence at court.

In order to avoid civil war between Catholics and Protestants the Queen signed " Act of Uniformity”, thereby continuing the work of Henry VIII and Edward VI, but did not forbid Catholics to celebrate Mass.

In order to create an heir, Parliament ordered Queen Elizabeth to choose a spouse. There were many applicants, but the queen did not seek to share the throne with a man.

Historians claim that there was a love affair between her and Robert Dudley, her longtime favorite, although the queen herself admitted that their relationship was platonic. Until now, they are trying to unravel some of the secrets of the history of those years.

Robert Dudley - Elizabeth's favorite for many years

For example, there is an opinion that Dudley and the Queen even had an illegitimate child, who was given to be raised by another family. Naturally, now neither exact evidence nor refutation of this fact can be obtained.

In foreign policy Elizabeth I behaved cautiously. When she was advised to intervene in a conflict in Scotland, where a protestant uprising against the regent Mary of Guise took place, the Queen of England at first did not do so. She did not want to provoke a conflict with the French, whose troops then flooded Scotland.

She only secretly helped the Protestants financially. When the Protestants won with the help of English troops, Mary Stuart, daughter of Mary of Guise, refused to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh. Although Elizabeth I was the legitimate Queen of England, Mary Stuart, who became Queen of Scots, claimed her rights to the English crown as well, since she was the great-niece of Henry VIII. In addition, she was predicted to marry Edward VI in order to then unite Scotland and England, but this did not happen due to the death of Edward.

During the reign of Elizabeth I, England won the unspoken title of a powerful maritime power from Spain. In many ways, this was facilitated by English pirates who robbed Spanish ships, as well as the travels of Francis Drake, who was awarded a knighthood by the queen for his services.

The heyday of dramatic art in England came during the reign of Elizabeth I. She patronized the theater and even participated in amateur productions herself. In 1582 the Royal Troupe was formed.

The death of many loved ones undermined the health of Elizabeth I. In February 1603, she fell into depression, and on March 24 she died in Richmond. The Queen was buried in Westminster Abbey.

The Tudor dynasty ended with the death of Elizabeth I. The Stuart dynasty began, the queen appointed James I, the son of Mary Stuart, as her successor.

The defeat of the Russian Orthodox Church by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was almost completed. Most of the forty-eight thousand parish churches and twenty-five thousand chapels that operated in 1917 were closed, and many were destroyed. Before the annexation of the western regions of Ukraine and Belarus, 100 functioning churches of the Russian Orthodox Church remained in the entire USSR. In twenty-five regions of the RSFSR there was not a single functioning church. Of the hundred and fifty active bishops, only four remained. Only during the repressions of 1936-1937, fifty thousand clergymen were destroyed. But it turned out to be much easier to destroy a building built of stone than one built in the soul. In the course of the all-Union population census of 1937, two thirds of the rural and one third of the urban population declared their faith in God.

Despite all the insults and reproach, the question of who to be with in the years of difficult trials in Russia did not arise for the Orthodox clergy. Already on the first day of the war, Metropolitan Sergius, who acted as patriarch, addressed the flock with the words: “The pathetic descendants of the enemies of Orthodox Christianity want to once again try to bring our people to their knees before untruth. But this is not the first time the Russian people have had to endure such trials. With God's help and this time, he will scatter the fascist enemy force into dust ... ".

Prayers for the victory of the USSR were constantly served in all churches. Priests continued to fulfill their pastoral duty. On November 6, 1941, Father Alexander (Vishnyakov) delivered a sermon in Nazi-occupied Kiev, in which, in particular, he said: “Fascist robbers attacked our Motherland ... The Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox for the defense of sacred borders.” After that, he read out a message from the patriarch calling on all Orthodox to holy war. Naturally, the Germans did not forgive him, on the same day Father Alexander was destroyed in Babi Yar. Unlike other Soviet citizens who were shot, the clergyman was fastened naked with barbed wire to a cross and burned.

Orthodox priests, including current, retired and future ministers of the Church, actively fought the enemy where God placed them - on the front line, in the Soviet and German rear.

Priest Fyodor Puzanov defended his homeland in the first world war. Then he was awarded three St. George's crosses and the St. George medal of the second degree. Father Fyodor was ordained to the priesthood in 1926, and in 1929 he was already condemned. Later he was a priest in a rural church. In 1942, he entered into contact with the partisans and provided them with all possible assistance. Only in two occupied villages, Borodichi and Zapolye, he collected and through the partisans transferred half a million rubles to the besieged Leningrad for the construction of a tank column for the Red Army. The Soviet government added to the military awards of Fyodor Puzanov the medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War" of the second degree.

Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky - professor of medicine, surgeon, was known among the Orthodox as Archbishop Luke, at the beginning of the war he was in exile for the third time (he spent 11 years in exile in total). Valentin Feliksovich sent a telegram to Kalinin: “I, Bishop Luka, Professor Voyno-Yasenetsky ... being a specialist in purulent surgery, I can help soldiers in front or rear conditions, where I will be entrusted. I ask you to interrupt my exile and send me to the hospital. At the end of the war, he is ready to return to exile. Bishop Luke.

In October 1941, Voyno-Yasenetsky was appointed chief surgeon of the evacuation hospital and consultant to all hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The sixty-three-year-old professor performed three or four of the most complex operations a day. In the mornings he prayed in the forest, because there was not a single functioning church in Krasnoyarsk. In December 1942, without interrupting his surgical activities, he was appointed Archbishop of Krasnoyarsk and achieved the opening of one small church in the suburbs. In 1946, Archbishop Luke was awarded the Stalin Prize. Voino-Yasenevsky graduated from his life and ministry on June 11, 1961, being the Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimea. In 1995 he was canonized by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, in 2000 he was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. And only in the same year he was officially rehabilitated.

Twenty-year-old Gleb Kaleda was drafted into the Red Army at the very beginning of the war. He served as a radio operator in the Katyusha division. He was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner and the Order of the Great Patriotic War. In 1945 he entered the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute. Since 1954, candidate, and since 1981, doctor of sciences, professor. Has over 170 scientific papers. Since 1972 he has been a secret priest. He entered public service in 1990. Archpriest.

Alexander Fedorovich Romanushko - archpriest, rector of the village church, was a partisan since 1942. He took part in various, including military operations, was awarded a medal. In 1943, while at the funeral of a murdered policeman, during a sermon he betrayed him for treason and the murder of civilians anathema. Right from the funeral, a group of policemen went to the partisans.

The list of hierarchs, as well as ordinary priests and monks of the Russian Orthodox Church, who accomplished spiritual, military and labor feats during the Great Patriotic War, can be continued for a long time. Moreover, it has not been compiled to the end and, probably, it will never be complete. The important thing is that the Orthodox Church has always been with its people, and continues to serve God and him to this day.

May 9 - Day Great Victory, Day of Remembrance of Fallen Soldiers. Peace on the Russian land and, thanks to the combined efforts of the government, workers and troops, peace on the lands of many ... But is it only the consciousness of joy that brings victory? It also bears a consciousness of duty, a consciousness of duty, a consciousness of responsibility for the present and the future, in order to consolidate the victory, and not give it back to the villains.

At dawn on October 9, 1943, the Nazis broke into the parish church of the Belarusian village of Khoino. to the priest Cosma Raine I was ordered to undress, taken to the police station, searched. The officer gave the documents and watch to the translator. "You won't need them anymore," he smiled. And two Czech soldiers led the priest to be shot.

... Archpriest Kosma Raina was a hereditary priest. His father, with a cross and a Gospel, sailed on Russian warships and died from wounds received in the Battle of Port Arthur. German occupation found the archpriest and his large family - and he had seven children - in the Pinsk district of the Brest region and immediately put before a choice.

The question of whom to obey was far from internal to the church, and the prayer “for our country, its authorities and its army” acquired political meaning under the conditions of occupation.The occupying authorities demanded to pray "for the liberation of the Russian country and the victorious German army." But Father Cosmas read the canonical prayer each time. And when they denounced him, he said that he forgot, read by inertia.

No, Father Cosmas did not serve the godless authorities, but his flock, the Orthodox people, on whose shoulders the heavy burden of the war fell.

This people flowed day and night to the east along forest and field roads - refugees, wounded, encircled, and mother continually baked bread, boiled potatoes, helped with clothes, shoes, medicines. The wounded took communion, asked for prayers for their fallen comrades, for themselves and their loved ones.

After the traditional Easter service, Father Kosma announced the collection of gifts for children and partisans. And a few days later, shedding tears, he buried the families of the executed and burned residents of the nearby village of Nevel. Then he went to the remote village of Semikhovichi - the base of the partisans - and in a small church, which, having lost heart (God be his judge), the young priest abandoned, communed the sick and wounded, baptized children, buried the dead and the dead.

As teachers went to the ghetto with their students, as doctors accepted death along with the wounded, so the priests shared the fate of the parishioners.

parish priest John Loiko publicly blessed the sons Vladimir, George And Alexandra to the partisans. “My weapon is to destroy the holy cross, desecrated by adversaries, and the word of God, and you be protected by God and honestly serve the Batkovshchina.” Father John was burned by the punishers along with the parishioners in the church. After the war, an obelisk was erected on the site of that terrible conflagration, where at first there was also the name of the priest, but then for some reason disappeared.

Priest Nikolai Pyzhevich, a friend of Kosma's father, helped the wounded Red Army soldiers, was on good terms with the partisans and even distributed leaflets. Reported. In September 1943, punishers raided Staroe Selo. Batiushka jumped out the window and was already hiding in the forest, but, looking around, he saw how his house, where his wife and five daughters remained, was being boarded up and lined with straw. " I'm here he shouted. - Take me, I ask God, take pity on the innocent children...»

The officer threw him to the ground with a kick of his boot and shot him point-blank, and the body of the priest was thrown into the already burning house. After some time, the whole village was completely destroyed, and its inhabitants were burned in the temple.

In the summer of 1943, to the commander of the partisan formation, Major General V.Z. Korzhu the relatives of the deceased turned tearfully ... a policeman. No one, they say, from the priests agrees to bury the dead, would you send your partisan father? The archpriest then served in the detachment Alexander Romanushko. Accompanied by two partisan submachine gunners, he appeared at the cemetery. Armed policemen were already there. He got dressed and was silent for a bit. And suddenly:

- Brothers and sisters! I understand the great grief of the mother and father of the murdered. But the one present in the tomb did not deserve our prayers. He is a traitor to the Motherland and a murderer of innocent old people and children. Instead of eternal memory We all, - he lifted his head high and raised his voice, pronounce "anathema"!

The assembled were dumbfounded. And the priest, approaching the policemen, continued:

- I appeal to you who have gone astray: before it is too late, atone for your guilt before God and people and turn your weapons against those who destroy our people, bury living people in such graves, and burn believers and priests alive in churches ...

Father Alexander brought almost a whole detachment to the base group, and was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.

... And on October 9, 1943, two Czech soldiers led Archpriest Kosma Raina to execution. Near the church, he fell on his knees and began to pray fervently. How much time has passed, he does not remember, but when he got up from his knees, he did not see anyone near him. Having crossed himself, the priest with a prayer moved towards the bush. And then he rushed headlong into the saving forest.

After there was a partisan camp, a meeting with the sons. Together they won back mother from the Nazis, whom the Germans with other partisan wives and children wanted to send to a concentration camp.

It was only in 1946 that the whole family of the parish priest Raina managed to gather at the festive table.

Having otpartisan and won back in the army, he then long years served as a priest in Belarus, Moscow, the Moscow region, was the rector of Orthodox churches in Alexandria and San Francisco. Pavel was also a priest, but he was removed from his post by the communist authorities, and for parasitism - no one wanted to hire a former priest - he almost landed in jail. Saved partisan awards. He could no longer serve as a priest, and for many years he led the parish council in the church where the ashes of his father lie... He was buried here, at the Serafimovsky cemetery.

No one can say exactly how many of them went into battle without a cassock and crosses, in a soldier's overcoat, with a rifle in his hand and a prayer on his lips. Nobody kept statistics. But the priests did not just fight, defending their faith and the Fatherland, but also received awards - almost forty clergy were awarded medals "For the Defense of Leningrad" and "For the Defense of Moscow", more than fifty - "For Valiant Labor during the War", several dozen - Medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War". And how many other awards bypassed?

Priest Fyodor Puzanov (1888-1965)

Member of two world wars, awarded with three St. George's crosses, the St. George medal of the 2nd degree and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 2nd degree.

He took holy orders in 1926. In 1929 he was imprisoned, then he served in a rural church. During the war, he collected 500,000 rubles in the villages of Zapolye and Borodichi and transferred them through partisans to Leningrad to create a tank column of the Red Army.

« During partisan movement since 1942 I have been in touch with the partisans, I have completed many tasks,- the priest wrote in 1944 to the Archbishop of Pskov and Porkhov Gregory. - I helped the partisans with bread, I was the first to give my cow, with linen, which the partisans only needed, they turned to me, for which I received the state award of the 2nd degree "Partisan of the Patriotic War."

From 1948 until his death he was the rector of the Assumption Church in the village of Molochkovo in the Solets region. Novgorod region.

Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov) (b. 1919)

Confessor of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, spiritual father of three Russian Patriarchs. Member of the Great Patriotic War with the rank of lieutenant, participated in the defense of Stalingrad (commanded a platoon), in battles near Lake Balaton in Hungary, ended the war in Austria. Demobilized in 1946.

During the war, Ivan Pavlov converted to faith. He recalled that, while on guard duty in the destroyed Stalingrad in April 1943, he found the Gospel among the ruins of the house. Sometimes Archimandrite Kirill is identified with the famous sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, who also participated in Battle of Stalingrad and defending the famous "Pavlov's house". However, we are talking about the namesake - Guard Senior Sergeant Yakov Pavlov after the war was in the party work and did not take the veil.

After demobilization, Ivan Pavlov entered the Moscow Theological Seminary, and after graduation, the Moscow Theological Academy, from which he graduated in 1954. On August 25, 1954, he was tonsured a monk at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. In the beginning, he was a sexton. In 1970 he became treasurer, and since 1965 - the confessor of the monastic brethren. He was elevated to the rank of archimandrite.

Archpriest Gleb Kaleda

Born in 1921 in Petrograd. Father - Alexander Vasilievich Kaleda(† 1958) - economist, mother - Alexandra Romanovna(† 1933). The family was Orthodox. He spent his early childhood in Belarus in his father's homeland. Since 1927 the family has been living in Moscow. Here the eldest son in the family - Gleb graduated from high school.

From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War he was drafted into the army, and from December 1941 to September 1945 he was in the army, served as a radio operator in the Katyusha guards mortar division, participated in the battles of Volkhov, Stalingrad, Kursk, in Belarus and under Koenigsberg. He was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner and the Order of the Patriotic War.

After the war, in 1945, having passed the exams for the first year externally, he entered the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute, from which he graduated with a red diploma in 1951, according to the institute's course of study. He defended his Ph.D. thesis, worked in educational institutions, research institutes, expeditions and part-time in educational organizations. He defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “Lateral variability of sediments on tectonic structures. Its importance for prospecting, forecasting and exploration of oil and gas fields”.

In the 70s. metropolitan John (Wendland) was ordained to the priesthood. Since 1990 he has been a priest of the Moscow diocese. He was one of the founders and the first rector of the Courses of Catechists, created in early 1991, later transformed into the St. Tikhon Theological Institute, of which Prot. Vladimir Vorobyov. Father Gleb Kaleda headed the sector of education and catechesis of the Department of religious education and catechesis of the Moscow Patriarchate.

Has theological works, dedicated to apologetics, Orthodox upbringing and education, published in ZhMP, “Pravoslavnaya conversation”, in the magazines “The Path of Orthodoxy”, “Alpha and Omega”, and other publications.

Once, speaking about the fate of the Church, he threw up his hand with fingers spread wide and exclaimed: “ Five of my confessors died "there", - and so that it became clear what this fivefold spiritual orphanhood was for him, and what strength the Lord gave to this man to overcome everything.

The last service in his life to all the saints who shone in the Russian land, Fr. Gleb served as a service to the martyrs, in red robes, and his sermon was inspired by the feat of known and unknown millions of witnesses, confessors, martyrs and martyrs - about his people. ... Shortly before going to the hospital for the last time, he said at the Liturgy of the Transfiguration: “It’s good for us to be on Tabor, but the path to salvation lies through Golgotha.”

Archpriest Nikolai Kolosov (1915-2011)

The son of a priest, for this he was expelled from school.

Fought in the Tula region, in 1943 fought on the Bolokhovo-Mtsensk line

- There are dead and wounded bodies everywhere. In the air - a continuous groan. People are moaning, horses are moaning. I thought then: “They also say that there is no hell. Here it is, hell." We stood on the Sozh River Smolensk region. In August 1944 he was wounded near Bialystok.

After the war he entered the seminary. On the eve of Peter's Day, 1948, he was ordained to the priesthood.

He went through Khrushchev's persecution.

Metropolitan of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas Nikolay (Kutepov) (1924-2001)

At the end high school was enrolled in the Tula machine-gun school and in 1942 sent to the front.

Fought as a private near Stalingrad. After being wounded (two machine-gun wounds and frostbite of the limbs), he ended up in the hospital, from where, after amputation of the toes of both legs, he was demobilized in 1943.

Archpriest Alexy Osipov (1924-2004)

Born in the Saratov province, in 1942 he graduated from high school.

Sent to the division of heavy mortars of the Reserve Headquarters of the Supreme Commander. This division was assigned to the 57th Army, which was repelling the German offensive south of Stalingrad. With the beginning of our counteroffensive, the fire spotter, Private Osipov, had to go through heavy fighting through the Kalmyk steppes to Rostov-on-Don. Here, on February 3, 1943, in one battle, Alexei Pavlovich received two wounds. First, shrapnel in the forearm and chest, but he did not leave the battlefield, and in the evening his foot was crushed.

He graduated from the Odessa Theological Seminary, the Moscow Theological Academy. Sent to the Novosibirsk diocese, in October 1952, Alexy Osipov was ordained deacon and priest by Metropolitan Bartholomew.

Archdeacon Andrei Mazur, born in 1927

As the commander of the mortar squad, he participated in military operations near Berlin.

Awards: Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class (1985), Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" (1945), Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." (1945).

“I had very little time to fight. For some reason, we, the "Westerners", were not allowed to go to the front, they were kept in the Mari Republic - they believed that we were unreliable, Bandera, if anything, we would go over to the side of the enemy. In the end, they already sent me when there were battles for Berlin. There I ended up in the hospital. He was not wounded, he just fell ill: the food in the army was very bad. Everyone tried to get into the outfit in the kitchen in order to profit at least something. I remember that they peeled the potatoes, and they collected the peels, baked them in a dugout on the "potbelly stove" and ate. Well, parents sent bread. Parcels did not always reach, but sometimes they did receive something. When I returned from the hospital, they wanted to send me to the police school. Then my father took me to the Pochaev Lavra, where I became a novice.”

Archimandrite Nifont (Nikolai Glazov) (1918-2004)

Was getting Teacher Education, taught at the school. In 1939 he was called to serve in Transbaikalia. When the Great Patriotic War began, Nikolai Glazov initially continued to serve in Transbaikalia, and then was sent to study at one of the military schools.

After graduating from college, an anti-aircraft artilleryman, Lieutenant Glazov, began to fight on the Kursk Bulge. Soon he was appointed commander of an anti-aircraft battery. Senior Lieutenant Glazov had to fight his last battle in Hungary near Lake Balaton in March 1945. Nikolai Dmitrievich was wounded. Senior Lieutenant Glazov broke his knee joints. He had to endure several operations, first in the field, and then in the evacuation hospital in the Georgian city of Borjomi. The efforts of the surgeons could not save his legs, the kneecaps had to be removed, and he remained an invalid for the rest of his life. At the end of 1945, a very young senior lieutenant returned to Kemerovo, on whose tunic there were orders of the Patriotic War, the Red Star, medals: “For Courage”, “For the Capture of Budapest”, “For the Victory over Germany”. He became a psalm reader at the Church of the Sign in Kemerovo.

In 1947, Nikolai Dmitrievich Glazov came to the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and became her novice. On April 13, 1949, he was tonsured a monk with the name Nifont, in honor of St. Nifont of Caves and Novgorod. Shortly after his tonsure, he was ordained first a hierodeacon and then a hieromonk. After graduating from the Moscow Theological Academy, he was sent to the Novosibirsk diocese.

Archimandrite Alipy (Ivan Mikhailovich Voronov) (1914-1975)

He studied at the evening studio at the Moscow Union of Soviet Artists in the former workshop of Surikov. Since 1942 on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Passed the combat path from Moscow to Berlin as part of the Fourth tank army. Participated in many operations on the Central, Western, Bryansk, 1st Ukrainian fronts. Order of the Red Star, medal for bravery, several medals for military merit.

Since March 12, 1950 - a novice of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra (Zagorsk). Since 1959 he has been the abbot of the Pskov-Caves Monastery. Returned monastic values from Germany. He carried out colossal restoration and icon painting work in the monastery.

Holy Bishop Surgeon

A man of amazing fate, a world-famous surgeon, who was once a zemstvo doctor in the village of Romanovka, Saratov province, bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church Luke (Voyno-Yasenetsky) met the war in exile in Krasnoyarsk. Echelons with thousands of wounded soldiers came to the city, and St. Luke again took the scalpel in his hands. He was appointed a consultant to all hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the chief surgeon of the evacuation hospital, he performed the most complex operations.

When the term of exile ended, Bishop Luka was elevated to the rank of archbishop and appointed to the Krasnoyarsk cathedra. But, heading the department, he, as before, continued the work of a surgeon. After operations, the professor consulted doctors, received patients in the clinic, spoke at scientific conferences(always in a cassock and klobuk, which invariably caused discontent of the authorities), lectured, wrote medical treatises.

In 1943, he published the second, revised and significantly supplemented edition of his famous work Essays on Purulent Surgery (later he received the Stalin Prize for it). After being transferred to the Tambov department in 1944, he continued to work in hospitals, and after the end of World War II he was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor".

In 2000, the bishop-surgeon was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church as a saint. In Saratov, on the territory of the clinical campus of the Saratov State medical university a temple is being built to be consecrated in his honor.

HELP FOR THE FRONT

During the war, Orthodox people not only fought and looked after the wounded in hospitals, but also collected money for the front. The collected funds were enough to complete the tank column named after Dmitry Donskoy, and on March 7, 1944, in a solemn atmosphere, Metropolitan of Kolomna and Krutitsky Nikolai (Yarushevich) handed over 40 T-34 tanks to the troops - the 516th and 38th tank regiments. An article about this appeared in the Pravda newspaper, and Stalin asked that the clergy and believers be given gratitude from the Red Army.

(right:: Column "Dmitry Donskoy" on the day of the transfer of the army)

The church also raised funds for the construction of aircraft " Alexander Nevskiy". The cars were transferred to different time to different parts. So, at the expense of parishioners from Saratov, six aircraft bearing the name of the holy commander were built.

(left: Alexander Nevsky squadron)

Enormous funds were collected to help the families of soldiers who had lost their breadwinners, to help orphans, parcels were collected for the Red Army soldiers who were sent to the front.

During the years of trials, the Church was one with its people, and the newly opened churches were not empty.

(1888-1965)

Member of two world wars, awarded with three St. George's crosses, the St. George medal of the 2nd degree and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 2nd degree.

“During the partisan movement, since 1942, I had contact with the partisans, I completed many tasks,” the priest wrote in 1944 to the Archbishop of Pskov and Porkhov Grigory. - I helped the partisans with bread, I was the first to give my cow, with linen, which the partisans only needed, they turned to me, for which I received the state award of the 2nd degree "Partisan of the Patriotic War."

From 1948 until his death, he was the rector of the Assumption Church in the village of Molochkovo, Soletsky District, Novgorod Region.

Archimandrite Alipy(in the world Ivan Mikhailovich Voronov)

(1914-1975)

He studied at the evening studio at the Moscow Union of Soviet Artists in the former workshop of Surikov. Since 1942 on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Passed the combat path from Moscow to Berlin as part of the Fourth Panzer Army. Participated in many operations on the Central, Western, Bryansk, 1st Ukrainian fronts. Order of the Red Star, medal for bravery, several medals for military merit.

Archimandrite Nifont (in the world Nikolai Glazov)

(1918-2004)

Received a pedagogical education, taught at school. In 1939 he was called to serve in Transbaikalia. When the Great Patriotic War began, Nikolai Glazov initially continued to serve in Transbaikalia, and then was sent to study at one of the military schools.

After graduating from the Moscow Theological Academy, he was sent to the Novosibirsk diocese.

(1915-2011)

The son of a priest, for this he was expelled from school. He fought in the Tula region, in 1943 he fought on the Bolokhovo-Mtsensk line - bodies of the dead and wounded are everywhere. In the air - a continuous groan. People are moaning, horses are moaning. I thought then: “They also say that there is no hell. Here it is, hell." We stood on the Sozh River in the Smolensk region. In August 1944 he was wounded near Bialystok. After the war he entered the seminary.

On the eve of Peter's Day, 1948, he was ordained to the priesthood. He went through Khrushchev's persecution.

Archbishop Micah(in the world Alexander Alexandrovich Kharkharov)

(1921-2005)

Born in Petrograd in the family of a believing worker. He took part in the Great Patriotic War, had military awards. In 1939 he moved to Tashkent, where in 1940, with the blessing of his spiritual father, Archimandrite Gury (Yegorov), he entered the Medical Institute.

In 1942-1946 he served as a radiotelegraph operator in the Red Army. Participated in the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad, fought in Estonia, Czechoslovakia, reached Berlin. He was awarded medals for military merit.

From May 1946 he was a novice of the Trinity-Sergei Lavra and one of the first tonsurers of the Lavra after its opening. In June 1951 he graduated from the Moscow Theological Seminary. On December 17, 1993, Archimandrite Mikhey (Kharkharov) was consecrated Bishop of Yaroslavl and Rostov at the Feodorovsky Cathedral in the city of Yaroslavl. In 1995 he was elevated to the rank of archbishop.

Professor, Archpriest Gleb Kaleda

(1921-1994)

At the beginning of World War II, he was drafted into the army. From December 1941 until the end of the war, he was in active units and, as a radio operator in the Katyusha guards mortar division, participated in the battles of Volkhov, Stalingrad, Kursk, in Belarus and near Koenigsberg. He was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner and the Order of the Patriotic War.

In 1945 he entered the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute and graduated in 1951 with honors; in 1954 he defended his Ph.D. thesis, in 1981 - a doctoral thesis in the field of geological and mineralogical sciences. List it scientific publications includes over 170 titles.

Since 1972 he has been a secret priest. In 1990, he entered the open ministry. He served in the church of Elijah the Ordinary, then in the newly opened churches of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery; was the confessor of the community of the refectory monastery church in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Headed a sector in the Department of Religious Education and Catechesis; was one of the founders of the catechism courses, which were later transformed into the St. Tikhon Orthodox Theological Institute.

(1921-2012)

She went to the front from the third year of the MAI, was sent to intelligence. She took part in the defense of Moscow, took out the wounded from under fire. Was sent to the headquarters of K. Rokossovsky. She took part in the battles on the Kursk Bulge and near Stalingrad. In Stalingrad, she negotiated with the Nazis, urging them to surrender. Came to Berlin. After the war, she graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute, worked in the design bureau of S.P. Queen. To accept the most Active participation In the restoration of the Pyukhtitsky metochion in Moscow, she retired, in 2000 she took monastic vows with the name Adrian.

(1924-2011)

At war

In 1942 he went to the front as a volunteer. Was near Rzhev. He worked as a signalman on the Kursk Bulge. Once, under bombardment, he was restoring a broken connection. Received the medal "For Courage". Was wounded and demobilized.

After the war

He graduated from the Moscow Theological Seminary in 1950 and was ordained a priest. He was the rector of many churches, he sought to keep the churches open. IN last years life was the rector of the Church of the Savior in the village of Bolshoi Svinorye, Naro-Fominsk district of the Moscow region.

(1924 — 2015)

The Great Patriotic War caught Fr. Ariana in what is now Poland. Worked for railway assistant driver. During the war, he transmitted to the partisans information about the progress of trains from German soldiers and armored vehicles, as well as trains with Soviet prisoners of war and civilians driven to work in Germany. When Arian Pnevsky himself was on the lists sent to Germany, the partisans took him to the detachment. This detachment was part of a formation under the command of the legendary partisan general Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak.

The young partisan Arian Pnevsky had a chance to participate in raids on the fascist rear and sabotage, which for a long time fettered the actions of the enemy army. After the first injury, a "funeral" was mistakenly sent to the family of Arian's father. After leaving the hospital, Father Arian was sent to tank forces. During the battle, as a result of a direct hit on the tank by an enemy shell, the ammunition detonated. As a rule, in such cases, none of the crew members remains alive, and relatives have already received a second funeral. But, fortunately, again premature. Father Arian was able to return home after the war, only at the end of the 45th year.

In 1945 he entered the Odessa Theological Seminary, from which he graduated with honors in 1949. The main period of Fr. Aryan's pastoral ministry fell on the years of Khrushchev's persecution of the Church. About this terrible time of mockery of Orthodoxy, Father Arian always says: “God forbid you experience something like this.”

Aryan's father died on the morning of May 9, 2015, on the day of the 70th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War, at the age of 91.

(1924-2004)

Born in the Saratov province, in 1942 he graduated from high school. Sent to the division of heavy mortars of the Reserve Headquarters of the Supreme Commander. This division was assigned to the 57th Army, which was repelling the German offensive south of Stalingrad. With the beginning of our counteroffensive, the fire spotter, Private Osipov, had to go through heavy fighting through the Kalmyk steppes to Rostov-on-Don. Here, on February 3, 1943, in one battle, Alexei Pavlovich received two wounds. First, shrapnel in the forearm and chest, but he did not leave the battlefield, and in the evening his foot was crushed.

The foot and part of the lower leg could not be saved, they were amputated. After treatment, a young disabled soldier, awarded with medals: "For Courage" and "For the Defense of Stalingrad", returned to his native places on the Volga. In 1945, in a very short time, he graduated from the Stalingrad Teachers' Institute with honors and passed the exams externally for the course of the Voronezh Pedagogical Institute. He was expelled for reading in the kliros.
He graduated from the Odessa Theological Seminary, the Moscow Theological Academy. Sent to the Novosibirsk diocese, in October 1952, Alexy Osipov was ordained deacon and priest by Metropolitan Bartholomew.

(1926-2013)

Drafted into the army from the third year Engineering College in 1942. He passed the North-Western, Ukrainian, Belorussian front as a technician. He served at military airfields, prepared attack aircraft for combat sorties and ... prayed. “There was such a curious incident in Belarus, near Minsk. I stood guard at the headquarters. I passed my post and went to the airfield 12 kilometers away, and on the way there was a temple. Well, why not come in? I go in, the priest looked at me and stopped reading at once. The singers also fell silent. But I'm straight from the combat post, with a carbine. They thought that I had come to arrest the priest…”.

After the end of the war, Boris Bartov served in the army for another five years. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree, ten medals. In 1950, Boris Stepanovich was ordained a deacon. Before last day was the honorary rector of the Transfiguration Church of the city of Kungur.

(1926-2002)

At the age of 17, in 1943, Alexander Smolkin went to the front, fought on the 1st Baltic Front. In early 1944, Alexander Smolkin was seriously wounded, was sent to a hospital in Gorky, where he stayed for several months. After recovery, Alexander returned to duty and continued to fight. He ended the war in Germany. Senior Sergeant Alexander Smolkin was awarded the medals "For the Capture of Budapest", "For the Capture of Vienna", "For the Victory over Germany", and a Polish medal.

After the war, Alexander Smolkin served in the army for several more years and was demobilized in 1951. And the very next year he sings in the kliros, and then becomes a psalmist at the Ascension Cathedral in the city of Novosibirsk, a year later he is ordained a deacon, three years later a priest.

(1926 — 2017)

In 1941 he studied at vocational school at the Molotov automobile plant in Gorky, came under the first bombing. He was drafted into the army in 1943. He served in the infantry and guarded ammunition depots. With a height of 149 cm, he weighed 36 kg. After the war, Father Sergius graduated from the theological seminary and the Academy, and in 1952 received the priesthood. He served as rector of the Church of Saints Flora and Laurus in the village of Florovskoye, Yaroslavl Region.

(born 1922)

After school he was called to the front and sent to Leningrad. survived the blockade. “You can’t even imagine what a blockade is. This is such a state when there are all conditions for death, but none for life. None - except faith in God. We had to dig trenches for guns and dugouts in five rolls of logs and stones. And they ate grass. Stored it for the winter.

Defended the "Road of Life" providing communication besieged Leningrad with the outside world, in 1944 received bullet and shrapnel wounds. After the war, Valentin Yakovlevich returned to Tomsk region. In the 1960s, Valentin Biryukov sang on the kliros. One of the oldest priests of the Novosibirsk diocese.

In 1943, having a reservation at the Moscow Aviation Plant, Nikolai Popovich volunteered for the front. After graduating from the sergeant school, he became the commander of the Maxim machine-gun crew. In 1944, after a difficult battle on the Neman River and repelling a German counterattack, awarded the order Red Star. Having fought through Belarus, Lithuania and Poland, he was seriously wounded by a shrapnel in the head on the outskirts of East Prussia, was sent for treatment to a hospital in the city of Chkalov and subsequently demobilized. After the war he received two higher education- legal and economic. Worked in Gosplan Russian Federation, held responsible positions in the system of the State Committee for Labor and Wages under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Learning about input Soviet troops to Czechoslovakia - by that time he was already a believer - resolutely put his party card on the table in front of the speechless secretary of the district party committee and, with the blessing of the confessor, went to the church watchman.

Protodeacon Markian Pastorov

Born in the Stalingrad region, Kumylzhensky district, Yarskoy farm, in a peasant family. Ordained a deacon in 1925.

At the beginning of the Patriotic War, he was mobilized for defense work. In 1942 he was captured by the enemy. From captivity I escaped to the city of Varnau, where I turned to Metropolitan Dionysius, who sent me to France to a military unit as a deacon at the disposal of Archimandrite Father Vladimir Finkovsky, where I served in various places; in 1945 (on the Day of the Three Hierarchs) he was elevated to the rank of protodeacon by Bishop Vasily of Vienna.

At the end of the war, together with many, he was repatriated to Russia, exiled to the city of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region. In the first years of my stay there, I was deprived of the right to leave, so I could not serve anywhere in the parish.” Only in 1956 did Father Markian become the protodeacon of the church in Prokopyevsk. About the years of his exile, he said, not without humor, as follows: "For ten years he was on the" Siberian courses "". In the early seventies, he left the state by age, and at the end of his life he lived with his daughter in the city of Kalach, Volgograd Region.

Monk Samuil (in the world Aleksey Ivanovich Malkov)

(born 1924)

Inhabitant of the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery

Before leaving for the front, he studied at the 2nd Moscow Machine Gun School. Called to the front, he fought on the Kursk Bulge in the infantry: he was a submachine gunner. On the Kursk Bulge he was wounded, after being wounded he was sent to the Stalingrad school for the training of junior commanders, he graduated successfully, remained to teach, then was sent to the Kiev Tank School. He worked at NIIKHIMMASH (Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Engineering) as a senior design engineer. He retired in 1974. In 2001 he took monastic vows.

Nun Elisaveta (in the world Vera Dmitrieva)

(1923-2011)

Born in Stavropol.

She went through the Great Patriotic War as a nurse, took out many wounded soldiers from the battlefield. “I read a prayer, and fear somehow goes into the ground like a current. And you can hear your heart beating. And you're not afraid anymore." She sheltered wounded soldiers from the Nazis.
One of the first nuns of Khabarovsk.

Archpriest Roman Kosovsky

Passed away in 2013.

Roman Kosovsky was born in the village of Pustokha in Vinnytsia region in a strong peasant family. In 1937, my father was shot. All households have been selected. Mom died of hunger - everything that she managed to get, she gave to four children. After the death of their mother, they were distributed to orphanages. 15-year-old Roman was sent to Lugansk. Already at 16 he went to the mine. And at 17 - in the 41st - to the war. The victory found him in Prague.

Mother Sofia (Ekaterina Mikhailovna Osharina)

Now a florist-landscapist of the Raifa Monastery. She went from Moscow to Berlin, fighting for her native land. Participated in the capture of Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad).

There are many memories of the prayer service of Russian priests at the walls of Koenigsberg during its assault in April 1945. Matushka Sophia (Ekaterina Mikhailovna Osharina), now a florist and landscape gardener at the Raifa Monastery, also saw him. She went from Moscow to Berlin, fighting for her native land.

... I remember Koenigsberg. We belonged to the 2nd Belorussian Front, commanded by Marshal Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. But our unit - the 13th RAB (air-based area) - was located along with the troops of the Baltic Front, not far from the battlefield for Koenigsberg.

He was very difficult. Powerful fortifications connected by the subway, large German forces, every house is a fortress. How many of our soldiers died! ...

They took Koenigsberg with God's help. I saw it myself, although I watched from a distance. The monks, priests, a hundred or more people gathered. They stood in vestments with banners and icons. They carried out the icon of the Kazan Mother of God ... And around the battle goes on, the soldiers chuckle: “Well, fathers, let's go, now it will be!”

And as soon as the monks began to sing, everything fell silent. Shooting as cut off.

Ours came to their senses, broke through in a quarter of an hour ... When the captured German was asked why they stopped shooting, he replied: "The weapon failed."

One officer I knew then told me that before the prayer service in front of the troops, the priests prayed and fasted for a week.

Metropolitan of Tver and Kashinsky Alexy (Konoplyov)

1910-1988

He was mobilized in October 1941. On May 5, 1942, he was wounded, and after being cured, he was again sent to the front line. After a secondary wound, he was seconded as a non-combatant to a military road detachment. He was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" and a number of other military awards.
He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (in 1985, in connection with the 40th anniversary of victory in the war).

Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov)

(1919-2017)

Confessor of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, spiritual father of three Russian Patriarchs.

Member of the Great Patriotic War with the rank of lieutenant, participated in the defense of Stalingrad (commanded a platoon), in battles near Lake Balaton in Hungary, ended the war in Austria. Demobilized in 1946.

During the war, Ivan Pavlov converted to faith. He recalled that, while on guard duty in the destroyed Stalingrad in April 1943, he found the Gospel among the ruins of the house. Sometimes Archimandrite Kirill is identified with the famous sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, who also participated in the Battle of Stalingrad and defended the famous "Pavlov's house". However, we are talking about the namesake - Guard Senior Sergeant Yakov Pavlov after the war was in the party work and did not take the veil.

Archimandrite Peter (Coachman)

(born 1926)

Confessor of the Bogolyubsky Monastery. Retired since 2010.

In September 1943, at the age of 17, he was drafted into the army. After graduating from the regimental school in Odessa on June 11, 1944, he arrived in the army of the 3rd Ukrainian front on the Dniester near the city of Bendery and participated in the liberation of Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia.

He was awarded several military awards, including the Order of Glory III degree, Order of the Patriotic War II degree, medals "For Courage", "For the Liberation of Belgrade", "For the Capture of Budapest", "For the Capture of Vienna", etc.

Demobilized in autumn 1950, retired major.

Patriarchal Archdeacon Andrei Mazur

(1927 — 2018)

As the commander of the mortar squad, he participated in military operations near Berlin.

Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class (1985).

Medal "For the capture of Berlin" (1945).

Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1945).

“I had very little to fight. For some reason, we, the "Westerners", were not allowed to go to the front, they were kept in the Mari Republic - they believed that we were unreliable, Bandera, if anything, we would go over to the side of the enemy. In the end, they already sent it when there were battles for Berlin.There I was admitted to the hospital. He was not wounded, he just fell ill: the food in the army was very bad. Everyone tried to get into the outfit in the kitchen in order to profit at least something. I remember that they peeled the potatoes, and they collected the peels, baked them in a dugout on the "potbelly stove" and ate. Well, parents sent bread. Parcels did not always reach, but sometimes they still received something.When I returned from the hospital, they wanted to send me to the police school. Then my father took me to the Pochaev Lavra, where I became a novice.”

Archpriest Vasily Ermakov

(1927-2007)

Born in the city of Bolkhov, Oryol province, into a peasant family. He received his first instructions in the church faith in his family from his father, since all 28 churches in a small town were closed by the 1930s. He went to school in 1933, by 1941 he had completed seven years of high school.
In October 1941, the Germans fought and captured the city of Bolkhov. Youth from fourteen years old and older went to forced labor: to clean roads, dig trenches, fill in craters, build a bridge. During the occupation, from October 16, 1941, a 17th-century church in the name of St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow, was opened in the city, located on the territory of the former convent of the Nativity of Christ. The priest Vasily Veryovkin served in the church. In this temple, Vasily Ermakov attended the service for the first time, from the Nativity of Christ in 1942 he began to go to services regularly, from March 30, 1942 he began to serve at the altar.

On July 16, 1943, together with his sister, he was rounded up and on September 1 was driven to the Paldiski camp in Estonia. The Tallinn Orthodox clergy performed divine services in the camp, and among others, Archpriest Mikhail Ridiger came to the camp, with whom Vasily Ermakov met and became friends at the same time. Vasily Ermakov stayed in the camp until October 14, 1943: the priest Vasily Verevkin, who was also in the camp, included him in his family when the order came out to release the priests and their families from the camp.

Until the end of the war, together with Alexei Ridiger, the son of Archpriest Mikhail, he served as a subdeacon with Bishop Pavel of Narva and at the same time worked at a private factory. On September 22, 1944, the city of Tallinn was liberated by Soviet troops.

After his release, Vasily Ermakov was mobilized and sent to the headquarters Baltic Fleet, in his spare time performing the duties of a bell ringer, subdeacon, altar boy in the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn.

Metropolitan of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas Nikolai (Kutepov)

(1924-2001)

After graduating from high school, he was enrolled in the Tula Machine Gun School and in 1942 was sent to the front. Fought as a private near Stalingrad. After being wounded (two machine-gun wounds and frostbite of the limbs), he ended up in the hospital, from where, after amputation of the toes of both legs, he was demobilized in 1943.

(1924-2016)

One of the oldest priests of the Kuzbass Metropolis. Father Sergiy (in the world Sergey Alexandrovich Khomutov) was born on May 5, 1924 in Stalinsk (now Novokuznetsk) of the Kemerovo region. During the war years, he was drafted into the army, fought as part of the 75th separate artillery battalion as a radio telegraph operator. After the war, he returned home to his parents.

He graduated from the courses of draftsmen, worked at the Kuznetsk Iron and Steel Works as an artist. In 1958 he took the holy orders, in recent decades he served in parishes on the territory of the Kuzbass Metropolis. In 2000 he was retired for health reasons.

Mitred Archpriest John Bukotkin

(26.09.1925 — 08.05.2000)

Born in 1926 in the village of Polukhino, Saratov Region, Arkadag District, into a peasant family. He graduated from only seven classes of school. With the outbreak of war, he went to study as a signalman. He fought on the Third Belorussian Front, in East Prussia.

From the memories of John:

“I prayed unceasingly throughout the war. I had a cross on my chest; I once dropped it on a straw floor and couldn't find it. He cut out a cross from the hem of his overcoat and hung it on his chest. But very upset. And then the foreman passes, asks: “How are you, Bukotkin?” I replied: “That’s all right, but now I’ve lost the cross” (the officers knew that I was a believer). And the foreman takes out a cross and an icon from his pocket: “Choose!” His mother blessed him with a cross, and I took the icon given to the foreman by the Polish woman. He saved her daughters when the retreating Germans wanted to burn many people in the barn. With this icon of the Savior and the Mother of God, I went to the end of the war. Many of our officers had crosses and icons. To whom the mother gave, to whom the wife.

The Order of Glory III degree is the most expensive award for me. Near Instinburg, we repelled two German attacks, and on the third they went without firing a shot and only opened mortar fire at close range. Mines lay down in a checkerboard pattern, you can’t raise your head. The commander ordered me to get to the left flank and reconnoiter the situation. I made my way under heavy fire and met an orderly who was bandaging the wounded Sergeant Glushko. I fired back, and the Germans advanced in a semicircle. Then we dragged the wounded man into a barn and jumped into the cellar. Glushko remained at the top. The cellar was stone, in one place the hole was plugged with a rag, you could reach out and reach the Germans, and they were already everywhere. I realized that they would definitely seize us, and if they found out that I was a liaison, they would torture us. I say to the orderly: "I'm leaving here." He begged to stay. I crossed myself, read “Our Father” three times, set up a ladder and, with the prayer “Lord, bless,” climbed out of the cellar. Sergeant Glushko lay motionless, and I thought he was dead. Apparently, the Germans did the same. I looked out into the yard, the Nazis were bustling about everywhere. I decided to cross the yard and cross the road, and then lie down in a ditch and shoot back to the last bullet, the last one for myself. I ran to the ditch, but they did not notice me! I still don't know why. Maybe because the overcoat on me was green, English ...

Behind the ditch was an open place, two hundred and fifty meters uphill. And I ran in zigzags. The Germans began to shoot, and I fell, rested and ran on. I was wounded in the leg, and already on the very hill, a bullet shattered my left shoulder. They picked me up already when it got dark. They operated in a field hospital, where I met Sergeant Glushko. I learned from him that the orderly, who remained in the cellar, the Germans found .... "

After the war, he served in the headquarters of the Moscow Military District. After graduating from the seminary in 1952, he was ordained a priest in Saratov, then served in Astrakhan, in Kamyshin, in Borovichi, Novgorod region. For about forty years, Father John Bukotkin lived in Samara and served in the church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, in recent years he was the confessor of the Samara diocese. He was buried in the Iversky Convent in Samara.

Prepared by open sources. Send additions to the editor.

Aliyeva Jamila

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MOU Fedyukovskaya secondary school

Podilsky urban district

Theme of the project: "Orthodox clergy during the Great

Patriotic War".

Prepared by: Aliyeva Jamilya

4th grade

Head: Demkina I.E.

2016

1. Introduction.

2. Orthodox clergy during the Great

Patriotic War.

3. Conclusion.

Introduction.

As if behind every Russian outskirts,

Protecting the living with the cross of their hands,

Having come together with the whole world, our great-grandfathers pray

For their unbelieving grandchildren in God.

K. M. Simonov

The topic that I have chosen for my work is very relevant, since the studies available to date do not allow us to give a full and objective assessment of the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic War. This topic is poorly studied, since for a long time little attention was paid to the church in our country, many religious traditions were simply forgotten. Materials about the activities of the church during the war years were not widely available and were kept in the archives.

Relevance.

This topic remains relevant even today, when the Orthodox faith is being revived and strengthened, and the church is once again becoming one of the most important moral authorities for most people. Now, in our turbulent time, in the event of a danger threatening our country, the Russian people will again need that spiritual unity that will help them survive and win. The Orthodox Church is again becoming the stronghold of this spiritual unity in our day.

The purpose of my work- to show the significance of the feat of the Russian clergy during the Great Patriotic War.

Tasks:

to trace what was the reaction of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the ROC) to the outbreak of hostilities;
talk about the participation of the clergy in military events.

Subject of researchis the contribution of the ministers of the Russian Orthodox Church to the victory of the USSR over Nazi Germany, their role in the military events of this period.

Problem under study:there is still a point of view that the Russian Orthodox Church did not play a significant role in the military events of 1941-1945, that its participation in the war was insignificant and did not have a significant impact on the victory. I want to refute this point of view and prove the opposite.

Expected results: to prove that the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic War made a significant contribution to the victory.

The practical significance of the work lies in an attempt to:

to bring together information from various sources and literature on the participation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the events of the Great Patriotic War;

show the inseparable connection between the Orthodox Church and Russian history throughout the 20th century;

highlight the role of the church in the harsh years of military trials;

instill respect, interest in church history and the history of the Fatherland.

Methods: search, mini-research, literature analysis, descriptive and comparative historical methods.

Orthodox clergy during the Great Patriotic War.

May 9 is Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War, a day of memory and glory, when we remember and honor the soldiers-liberators, home front workers - the heroes whose efforts defeated the Nazis.

The victory went to us at a very high price - official reports speak of 27 million dead. Imagine that if a moment of silence was declared for each fallen, then we would have to be silent for 32 years! The heroism of people, their selflessness and fighting spirit were inspired by the appeals of Orthodox priests. The Orthodox Church throughout Russian history lived one life with her people and during the days of the Great Patriotic War, she, together with the whole country, experienced the misfortune that befell our Motherland, completely devoting herself to her service. On the very first day of the war, she blessed all the Orthodox for the defense of the fatherland, calling the cause of this defense a nationwide feat.

On June 22, 1941, the head of the Orthodox Church in Russia, Patriarchal Locum Tenens Sergius, addressed the pastors and believers with a message typed in his own hand and sent to all parishes. In this message, he expressed confidence that, with God's help, the Russian people would scatter the fascist enemy force into dust. The Metropolitan recalls the names of Alexander Nevsky, Dimitry Donskoy, "countless thousands of our Orthodox soldiers" who sacrificed their lives for the sake of faith and homeland. The message to believers spoke of the treachery of fascism, there was a call to fight against it and a deep belief that the Russian people “will scatter the fascist enemy force into dust. Our ancestors did not lose heart even in the worst situation, because they remembered not about personal dangers and benefits, but about their sacred duty to the Motherland and faith, and emerged victorious. Let us not disgrace their glorious name, and we are Orthodox, kindred to them both in the flesh and in faith. Metropolitan Sergius called upon everyone to help the Fatherland in whatever way he could in the "difficult hour of trial". “The Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox for the defense of the sacred borders of our homeland. The Lord will give us the victory” – with these words his address ends. Responding to all the main events of the military life of the country, Metropolitan Sergius during the war years addressed the flock with 23 epistles, and in all of them the hope for the final victory of the people was expressed.

The Church not only consoled the faithful in sorrow, but also encouraged selfless work in the home front, courageous participation in military operations, supported the belief in the final victory over the enemy, thereby contributing to the formation of high patriotic feelings and convictions among thousands of compatriots. In addition, on behalf of the church, desertion, surrender, and cooperation with the invaders were condemned.

Thus, from the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the church began to inspire the population of the USSR to fight the enemy, which had a huge impact on the rise of patriotic sentiments exactly when it was most needed: in the difficult first months of military defeats. This helped the Soviet people to gather their courage and gradually defeat the enemy.

Another direction of the patriotic activity of the Russian Orthodox Church was active participation in the all-Union fundraising for the needs of the Red Army, to help wounded soldiers and their families, for the construction of tank columns and air squadrons. The collection of donations by parishes began in the summer of 1941.

The Patriarchal Locum Tenens Metropolitan Sergius, in a message to the Moscow flock on October 14, 1941, called on God's blessing on all those who, with their "work and donations, assist our valiant defenders," and on December 30, 1942, appealed to believers and the clergy with an appeal to raise funds for the construction of a tank columns named after Dmitry Donskoy. The Orthodox people collected more than 8 million rubles, 40 tanks were lined up on them, which Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich) on March 7, 1944 handed over to the Red Army. Forty tanks "T-34", which made up the church tank column, were built at the factory in Chelyabinsk. Their transfer to units of the Red Army took place at the village. Burners, northwest of Tula, at the location of the components of the military camps. Terrible equipment was received by the 38th and 516th separate tank regiments. Taking into account the high significance of the patriotic act of believers, on the day of the transfer of the column, a solemn rally took place, at which Metropolitan Nikolai Krutitsky spoke to the tankmen on behalf of the Patriarch of All Rus' Sergius (Stragorodsky). This was the first official meeting of a representative of the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church with soldiers and commanders of the Red Army.

In the winter of 1942/1943, at the Lenkinochronika studio, with the participation of Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich), documentary about the collection of funds by Leningrad believers for a tank column named after Dimitri Donskoy and a squadron named after Alexander Nevsky.On a fighter with an inscription on board "Alexander Nevsky", a famous fighter pilot, Hero Soviet Union, Alexander Dmitrievich Bilyukin. In total, during the war, he completed 430 successful sorties, in 36 air battles he personally shot down 23 and as part of a group 1 enemy aircraft.

The Russian Church, with the help of believers, from 1941 to 1943 contributed 200 million rubles to the Defense Fund. By the end of the war, the total amount of funds transferred for defense needs increased to 300 million rubles.

The patriotic activity of the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic War was carried out in many directions: encouraging messages and sermons to the flock; ideological criticism of fascism as an anti-human, anti-human ideology; organizing the collection of donations for weapons and military equipment, a special church collection was opened to help the children and families of Red Army soldiers. The funds collected by the Church went to the maintenance of hospitals and the wounded, orphans.

It is difficult to enumerate all kinds of patriotic activities of the clergy in the rear during the war. In the front line, there were shelters for the elderly and children, as well as dressing stations near the front lines, especially during the retreat in 1941-1942, when many parishes took care of the wounded, left to the mercy of fate. The clergy also participated in digging trenches, organizing air defense, mobilizing people, consoling those who have lost relatives and shelter. In the rear, in rural areas, there were cases when priests, after the Sunday liturgy, called on the faithful to go with them to the collective farm fields to perform urgent chores.

Especially many clergymen worked in military hospitals. Many first-aid posts and hospitals were set up in monasteries and were located on full content monastics.

Immediately after the liberation of Kiev in November 1943, the Intercession Convent organized a hospital exclusively on its own, which was served as nurses and nurses by the abbess of the monastery, and then it housed an evacuation hospital, in which the sisters continued to work until 1946. The monastery received several written thanks from administration, and its abbess Archelaia was presented for the award of the order for patriotic activities.

Abbess Anatolia (Bukach), the abbess of the Odessa St. Michael's Convent, was also awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War", as she and her sisters had Soviet army great help with medicines, food and clothing.

Archpriest Pavel Uspensky, rector of the Moscow church in the name of the Holy Spirit at the Danilovsky cemetery, did not leave Moscow during anxious days, although he usually lived outside the city. A round-the-clock duty was organized in the temple: they carefully monitored so that random visitors did not linger at the cemetery at night. A bomb shelter was organized in the lower part of the temple. To provide first aid in case of accidents, a sanitary station was created at the temple, where there were stretchers, dressings and necessary medicines. The wife of the priest and his two daughters took part in the construction of anti-tank ditches. The energetic patriotic activity of the priest becomes even more revealing if we mention that he was 60 years old.

Many clergy not only in word, but also personal example taught the flock how to defend the Motherland. Hundreds of clergymen were drafted into the ranks of the active army. Regimental priests served at the fronts.

Among the clergy - soldiers of the army - the most famous are the following:

Priest George Pisankomet the war at the age of 45, and, as a non-combatant for mobilization, was assigned to the rear units. But the rear turned into a front line ... The trenches that the soldiers were preparing for the retreating units had to be occupied by themselves and endure an unequal battle. Stunned by a shell explosion, Father George was taken prisoner. After waiting for a favorable moment, he fled, but to no avail. After torture and bullying, he ended up digging German trenches, from where he again escaped.

A vivid example of the fulfillment of patriotic duty can be considered the life of a priestV. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky(1877-1961). Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky - surgeon, doctor of medicine. Author of 55 scientific papers on surgery and anatomy, as well as ten volumes of sermons. His most famous book is Purulent Surgery. September 30, 1941. Professor Voyno-Yasenetsky moved to Krasnoyarsk to work as a consultant in numerous hospitals with more than 10,000 beds. Leningrad writer Yuri German said: “From the very first days of work in the Krasnoyarsk hospitals, he worked selflessly. He operated a lot, gave all his strength and knowledge to the training of young surgeons and, as always, took every death hard. He ate poorly, often did not even have time to get food on his cards. In the operating room, he hung icons, and before the operation, he allowed the patients to kiss the cross that hung on his chest. Before his illness in 1942, St. Luke performed 4-5 operations a day, working 8-9 hours, but after his illness he was forced to shorten his working day.

The clergy were active participants in the partisan movement. Behind enemy lines, shepherds, fulfilling their moral and patriotic duty, at the risk of their lives, sheltered Red Army soldiers who fell behind during the retreat or escaped from captivity, conducted anti-fascist agitation among the population, and helped Soviet prisoners of war.

Alexander Fedorovich Romanushkofrom Polissya, rector of the church in the village of Malo-Plotnitskoye, Logishinsky district, Pinsk region, from 1942 to the summer of 1944. personally participated in military operations, went to reconnaissance. According to his testimony, many clergymen of Polissya were shot by the Nazis for assisting the partisans. From his letter, sent in the autumn of 1944 to Metropolitan Alexy, it followed that the number of priests in the Polesye diocese had decreased by 55%. In the temples left by some priests and in the localities where the churches were burned, Father Alexander performed the funeral services for the executed, burned alive, and also the partisans who fell on the battlefield. And invariably during the service or during the performance of the treb, he called on the faithful to help the partisans and defend their native land from the Nazis. In the summer of 1943, relatives of the murdered policeman approached him with a request to perform a funeral service. He came to the funeral, but refused to perform the sacrament and anathematized the deceased. Immediately he delivered a sermon to the policemen "... atone for your guilt before God and people and turn your weapons against those who destroy our people ...". They obeyed him, and part of the policemen went with him to the partisans. Some time later, in front of the formation of partisans, Fr. Alexander Romanushko was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" I degree. Two of his sons were also partisans, then moved to the Red Army, returned home with orders.

Archpriest Ivan Ivanovich Rozhanovich, the rector of the church in the village of Svartsevichi, now the Dubrovitsky district of the Rivne region, who was about 70 years old at the beginning of the war, used his house as a meeting place for underground fighters with partisan intelligence officers. Father John became a valuable assistant to the partisans, carried out complex tasks and assignments, and was a member of the anti-fascist committee. With the personal participation of Fr. John took risky steps of "shuttle diplomacy" between the burgomaster of the city of Vysotsk Tkhorzhevsky, the police commandant Colonel Fomin and the partisan command. And this deadly game bore fruit: fifteen partisan hostages from the village of Veluni were released. In addition, an armed detachment of Cossacks from the garrison of the ROA in Vysotsk and police units led by Colonel Fomin went over to the side of the partisans. In January 1943, there was a threat of destruction of the partisan village of Svartsevichi. Father John met with the colonel of the SS division and convinced him of the power and strength of the partisans, which in fact did not exist. The Germans got scared and began to retreat.

Knight of St. George of the First World War, priest of the Pskov village of Khokhlovy Gorki, Porkhov DistrictFedor Andreevich Puzanovbecame a Soviet spy partisan brigade. Taking advantage of the relative freedom of movement allowed to him by the invaders as a priest of a rural parish, Father Fyodor conducted reconnaissance work, supplied the partisans with bread and clothing, and reported data on the movements of the Germans. Father Fyodor saved 300 Soviet citizens from deportation to Germany, taking them to a place known only to him. He collaborated with the partisans of the 5th brigade, and its commander, the hero of the USSR, Konstantin Karitsky, presented the medal to the priest in the surviving photo. In January 1944, risking his life, he prevented a hijacking in German captivity fellow villagers, for which he was awarded the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War II degree."

Many ministers of the Russian Orthodox Church suffered from the Germans for their cooperation with Soviet partisans. They showed special courage and deserved the glory and memory of generations. These include:

Nikolay Ivanovich Pyzhevich, the rector of the church in Stary Selo, Rakitovsky district, Rivne region, together with his family from the first days of the war, helped the partisans, distributed the seriously wounded in the homes of people loyal to him, who were subsequently treated by the whole world. He was also involved in the distribution of leaflets among the population. In September 1943, a detachment of punishers burned Nikolai's father and his family alive in their own house. In the summer of 1943, the punishers came, the priest jumped out the window and almost disappeared into the forest, but, looking around, he saw that his house, where his wife and 5 daughters remained, was boarded up with boards and lined with straw. “I'm here,” he shouted, “take me, I ask God, have mercy on the innocent children ...” The officer knocked the priest to the ground with a boot and shot him point-blank. The body of Father Nikolai was thrown into the already burning house. After some time, Staroe Selo was completely destroyed for helping the partisans, and 500 of its inhabitants were burned alive in the church.

Priest John Loiko , rector of the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God in the village of Khvorosno, Logishinsky District, Pinsk Region, publicly blessed his three sons to join the partisans. In February 1943, Khvorosno was surrounded by Nazi punitive detachments. The headquarters of the partisan command decided to leave this region without a fight and leave the encirclement with most of the population, but Father John remained with those who did not have the opportunity to retreat in order to help the sick, crippled, helpless old people. On the night of February 15, those who remained in the village heard machine-gun bursts, single shots, multi-colored flashes of rockets. Nobody knew what awaited them. The service began around 6:00 am. After a while, close shots were heard. It became clear to everyone that the Germans were nearby. After matins, confession began. And the people kept walking and walking. Father John was told that the Nazis were ordering the entire population of the village to go to church for prayer. Soon the temple was overcrowded, but no one was allowed out. Feeling unkind, Father John in a short word called on the parishioners to pray fervently and blessed everyone to partake of the Holy Mysteries. During the folk singing “I Believe”, armed fascists burst into the temple and began to take women out of the church by force. The pastor asked the officer to give him the opportunity to finish the service. At this time, a hefty fascist, pushing young singers from the kliros, grabbed the priest by the robe and threw him on the Royal Doors. They opened and the priest fell before God's throne.The parishioners heard that the doors of the temple were hammering nails, and through the windows they saw how several sleighs loaded with straw were brought to the churchyard. During the burning of the church, the nation-wide singing of prayers was heard from there. The hymn stopped only when the burnt-out roof of the temple collapsed. On this tragic day, 300 people were burned alive.

Conclusion.

How many clergy were on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War? How many died? These numbers do not exist. No one ever kept such records. In the course of the study, my hypothesis that the church contributed to the victory was confirmed.The Orthodox Church united with secular power in the fight against the Nazis. The war was declared sacred, liberating, and the Church blessed this war.

Many priests and monks took direct part in the war. They fought on fonts, bandaged the wounded right on the battlefield and did not forget to pray, many of them received military awards.

Orthodoxy is the traditional religion of the Russian people. During the war, the help of the Orthodox Church consisted of two directions - spiritual and material. Considerable sums were collected for the needs of the front. Orthodoxy helped people find relative peace of mind, hope for the victory of Russia and the Soviet Union. In the rear, many prayed for the veterans. At the front, they often believed in the divine power of icons and crosses (attributes of religion).

Thus, the Russian Orthodox Church not only saved our country from being captured by the Nazis, but also determined its future fate, softening the persecution of the Orthodox faith and determining the further revival of church life, without which neither the preservation of cultural values nor the further spiritual development of the Russian people is possible. After all, it is Orthodox traditions, as the main part of Russian culture, that determine who we are, our history, past and future. And, forgetting these traditions, we lose our originality and uniqueness, our national "I". The revival of spiritual life allowed our homeland not only to survive in the war, but also to develop further as a sovereign, independent state with their spiritual ideas and rich original culture.

The purpose of the work: to show the significance of the feat of the Russian clergy during the Great Patriotic War. Tasks: to trace what was the reaction of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the ROC) to the outbreak of hostilities; talk about the participation of the clergy in military events.

On June 22, 1941, the head of the Orthodox Church in Russia, Patriarchal Locum Tenens Sergius, addressed the pastors and believers with a message: “The Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox for the defense of the sacred borders of our homeland. The Lord will give us the victory"

On December 30, 1942, the Patriarchal Locum Tenens Metropolitan Sergius addressed the faithful and the clergy with an appeal to raise funds for the construction of a tank column named after Dimitry Donskoy.

A well-known fighter pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, Alexander Dmitrievich Bilyukin, fought on a fighter with an inscription on board "Alexander Nevsky".

Immediately after the liberation of Kyiv in November 1943, the Intercession Convent organized a hospital exclusively on its own, which was served as nurses and nurses by the abbess of the monastery.

Many clergy not only by word, but also by personal example taught the flock how to defend the Motherland. Hundreds of clergymen were drafted into the ranks of the active army. Regimental priests served at the fronts.

Priest Georgy Pisanko met the war at the age of 45, and, as a non-combatant for mobilization, was assigned to the rear units. But the rear turned into the front line ...

A vivid example of the fulfillment of patriotic duty can be considered the life of the priest V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (1877-1961). Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky - surgeon, doctor of medicine.

Alexander Fedorovich Romanushko from Polissya, rector of the church in the village of Malo-Plotnitskoye, Logishinsky District, Pinsk Region, from 1942 to the summer of 1944. personally participated in military operations, went to reconnaissance.

Archpriest Ivan Ivanovich Rozhanovich, rector of the church in the village of Svartsevichi, now the Dubrovitsky district of the Rivne region, who was about 70 years old at the beginning of the war, became a valuable assistant to the partisans, performed difficult tasks and assignments, and was a member of the anti-fascist committee.

Commander of the 5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union Karitsky K.D. attaches the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War II degree" to the priest of the church of the Porkhov district Puzanov F.A.

Orthodox traditions, as a core part of Russian culture, define who we are, our history, past and future. And, forgetting these traditions, we lose our originality and uniqueness, our national "I".

Thank you for your attention!