The documents contain multi-digit integers, simple and decimal fractional numbers, alphanumeric and word-numeric combinations, ordinal numbers are used, ranges of values are indicated, etc.
When writing multivalued integers they are grouped from right to left by three digits: 14 287 624; 12 841 . A period in spaces between groups of digits of a multi-digit number is not allowed.
The numbers in the designations (brands) of machines and other technical devices are not divided into groups and are written together if the numbers precede the letters (for example, 1K62M) and are written with a hyphen if the letters precede the numbers (ZIL-155, IL-18).
The numbers in the designations of normative documents are not divided into groups of digits, for example: No. 3241; Law of the Russian Federation "On Standardization" No. 51541 dated 10.06.96 and so on.
Phone numbers it is customary to write without a number sign, separating two digits from right to left with a hyphen or space, for example: 2-99-85-90; 2-95; 2 99 85 90 . If there is one digit in the first group of digits of a telephone number, it is permissible to combine it into one group with the next two digits. For example: 299-85-90, 299 85 90, 295 .
Literal form of multivalued integers recommended when two numbers come together in digital form and in cases where a sentence begins with a number. If the literal form of the number is undesirable, the phrase must be rearranged to separate the two numbers, or not to start the phrase with a number. Should write: 10 cranes with a lifting capacity of 20 tons, but not 10 20-ton cranes.
Numeric form of single digit integers it is used if single-digit integers, even in oblique cases, stand in a row with two- and multi-valued ones, since when perceiving a number of numbers, it is not necessary to mentally translate them into a letter form in the desired case. It is recommended to write: following the delivery of products from 5, 8, 12 items... Not recommended: following the delivery of products from five, eight, 12 items ...
When single-digit integers form a combination with units physical quantities, monetary units, etc., it is recommended to write: with weight up to 10 kg and not recommended weighing up to ten kg.
Literal form of single digit integers is used if single-digit numbers are in indirect cases (not with units of physical quantities, monetary units). It is recommended to write: the office is equipped with three personal computers and not recommended: equipped with 3 personal computers.
Alphanumeric form numbers is recommended for designating large round numbers (thousands, millions, billions) as a combination of numbers with the abbreviation thousand, million, billion: 10 billion, 12 million. This rule also applies to the combination of large round numbers with the designations of units of physical quantities, monetary units: 20 million km; 200 billion kWh.
Monetary expressions denoting amounts of more than one thousand, it is recommended to write in the text in numbers and words: 5 thousand rubles, 1 million rubles. Monetary expressions in rubles and kopecks should be written: 105 rubles. 55 kop.
When designating the number of items, as well as the number of people, the words “pieces”, “person” are not used: 20 cars, not 20 cars, 50 workers, not 50 workers.
Simple fractions are written with a slash: 1/2; 3/4 or numbers installed on the top and bottom lines of the font: 3/4. A simple fraction is typed without breaking off from a whole number. For example: 5 1 / 2 .
In decimals after the decimal point, the digits are grouped by three, starting from left to right: 1,094 03; 5,530 021; 3,141 592 65 . After simple fractional numbers, the words part, share, as a rule, are not used. It is recommended to write: 1/8 area; 1/2 square. You should not write: 1/8 area, 1/2 square.
A noun after a fractional number agrees with its fractional part and is therefore placed in the genitive case singular: 1/3 meter; 0.75 liters; 0.5 thousand.
To designate range of values put: ellipsis, dash, sign ÷, the preposition "from" before the first number and "to" before the second. For example: length 5 ... 10 m; 5-10 m long; length 5÷10 m, length from 5 to 10 m.
It is not recommended to set a dash as a sign of a range of values if the dash can be taken as a minus sign when one of the numbers is a positive value, the other is negative, or if both numbers are negative values. It is recommended to specify: temperature -5...+10 °C; temperature reaches -20 ... -30 degrees Celsius.
The numbers in the range of values are in ascending order. Exceptions are interconnected numbers (in the second pair more can go first): tare is 50-80% of the total weight of the cargo. The rest 50-20%....
Nominal size and limit deviations from it must be given in the same units of magnitude. Examples of registration of limit deviations: (100 ± 0.3 mm) ; 100 +0.2 mm; 100 -0.2 mm.
Ordinals in the text may have the following form of writing:
- letter (one hundred and fifth),
- alphanumeric (in Arabic numerals with an increasing case ending attached through a hyphen: 35th);
- digital - in Roman numerals without increasing the case ending ( XI Congress, XXI century). Traditionally, Roman numerals denote: 1) numbers of congresses, conferences, congresses, etc. (XX congress); 2) century (XXI century); 3) numbers of international associations ( III International); 4) numbers of elected bodies ( IV The State Duma
); 5) numbers of ongoing sports ( XX Olympic Games); 6) numbers in the name of the emperor, king ( Peter I, Nicholas II, Charles V, Louis XIV); 7) designations of quarters of the year (IV quarter). Quadrants, parts or sections of books, etc. can be indicated by Roman numerals.
Case endings in ordinal numbers, denoted by Arabic numerals, should be:
- single-letter, if the last letter of the numeral is preceded by a vowel: 5th (fifth, fifth), 5th (fifth), but not 5th, 5th;
- two-letter, if the last letter of the numeral is preceded by a consonant: 5th, 5th, 30th, but not the 5th, 5th, 30th.
The spelling of ordinal numbers with increasing case endings with several ordinal numbers in a row differs depending on their number and the form of separation (connection).
If two ordinal numbers follow one after the other, separated by a comma or connected by a union, the case ending is increased for each of them: 1st, 2nd rows, 70s and 80s.
If more than two ordinal numbers follow one after the other, separated by a comma (semicolon) or connected by a union, the case ending is increased only for the last numeral: 60, 70, 80s.
If there are two numerals in a row through a dash, then the case ending is increased:
- only for the second, when it is the same for both numerals: 50-60s;
- for each numeral, when their case endings are different or when the words preceding the first numeral control only it and are not connected with the second: early 80s-90s.
The case ending is not built up when using ordinal numbers in the form of Arabic numerals, denoting:
- numbers of volumes, chapters, pages, illustrations, tables, appendices, etc. of elements of publications, if the generic word (element name: volume, chapter, etc.) precedes the number. For example: in volume 6; chapter 5; us. 85; in fig. 8; in table. eleven; in app. 6. However, if the generic name of the element comes after the numeral, the latter should be written with an incremental case ending. For example: in the 6th volume; in the 5th chapter; on page 83.
- dates (years and days of the month), if the word year or the name of the month follows the number. For example: In 1997; December 12, 1997. Wrong : in 1972; December 12, 1997. However, if the word year or the name of the month is omitted or placed before the number, it is recommended to increase the case ending. For example: in May, on the 20th; year 1920; The year 1917 struck; The concert was rescheduled from May 15 to May 22.
Compound nouns and adjectives that have numerals in their composition are written as follows: 150th anniversary, 3-month term, 1-, 2-, 3-section cabinet.
Difficult words with the numeral and adjective "percent":
- in publications of business and scientific literature, a form is adopted from a numeral in digital form, a percent sign, a hyphen and a case ending -ny, -nogo, -nomu, etc. For example: 10% solution, 20% collection. The preferred form in such editions should be considered a form with an increment of a one- or two-letter ending according to the rules for accumulating a case ending in ordinal numbers, indicated by Arabic numerals. For example: 15% solution, 20% solution, 25% solution etc.
- in highly specialized publications for a trained reader, a form without increasing the case ending is acceptable if the context cannot cause double interpretations: in a 5% solution.
Signs No.,%, §, ° in the text are put only with numbers in digital form: No. 5, § 11, 45%, 30 °. When numbers are written in words, it is customary to replace them with words. A space is placed between the signs № , % and § and numbers. Degree, minute and second signs are written without spaces.
More than (> ), less than (<
), не более
, не менее
, знаки математических действий и соотношений (+
, -
, х
, :
, /
, =
, ~
) отделяют от смежных символов и чисел пробелом, а знаки положительности или отрицательности значения величины пишут слитно с последующим числом.
Hello Literacy. Does help work? All of my questions remain unanswered. I ask questions a couple of times every six months, but I don’t remember when there was an answer to at least one. I would like to know which questions become priorities for answering. If it is still possible, please help with the questions: 1. What case is needed in the sentence: 20 years of industrial gas production / gas production. 2. Long (not) healing early. Here long is a dependent word and therefore a separate spelling is needed, or, as Rosenthal writes, this is an explanatory word of the adverb of measure and degree, which means it is necessary continuous spelling. 3. A completely optional subject and a completely optional person / a completely optional person. How to explain the spelling together-separately in these examples. Thank you. Still, I hope to help.
Perhaps we took your questions for school assignments and therefore did not answer them. Sorry.
1. The form depends on the context. If you mean the anniversary, the twentieth anniversary of the invention of industrial gas production, then it is true: 20 years of industrial gas production. See also the question. In another context, the form genitive, For example: 20 years of industrial gas production have changed the economy of the region.
2. This participle with a dependent word is written separately: long-term wound that does not heal.
3. Both options are possible, but with different shades of meaning. In the meaning of "by no means mandatory" - separately. In the meaning of "absolutely, very optional" - together.
| Question #299641 | ||
How do you spell twenty-seven hours or twenty-seven hours?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: twenty seven hours.
| Question No. 299165 | ||
Good afternoon Tell me, please, the choice of a hyphen in this case is appropriate: "It was quite light, as it is light during the day in the Sargasso Sea at a depth of one hundred to one hundred and twenty meters ..."? Or is it necessary to use a dash here? Thank you
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Here you need to put a dash with spaces: ... at a depth of one hundred - one hundred and twenty meters.
| Question No. 299003 | ||
Hello! Is a dash needed in the sentence: "The size of a flower (-) is the size of a large plate, up to twenty-five centimeters in diameter"? D. E. Rosenthal says: "The dash, as a rule, is not put if the predicate is expressed by an adjective, a pronominal adjective, a prepositional case combination." That is, in this sentence, the dash is optional? Thank you.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Yes, according to the rule, the dash is optional. However, it is better to put a dash in your proposal so that the combination with a big plate was unequivocally perceived by the reader as a predicate, and not as a definition.
| Question #296810 | ||
How right? Twenty-two Russian biathletes were acquitted. Or: Twenty-two Russian biathletes were acquitted. Thank you!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
In constructions with compound numbers ending in two three four, the accusative case retains the nominative form regardless of the category of animation. Therefore it is true: acquitted by twenty-two Russian biathletes.
| Question #296694 | ||
Hello! Tell me how to punctuate this sentence: A man in his thirties in a black coat and a girl in her twenties in a red jacket.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Punctuation marks are placed correctly.
| Question #295945 | ||
How is the word twenty-four-story correctly spelled with the help of numbers: 24-story or 24-story? Or is it impossible to write like that at all - only in letters?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: 24 storey.
| Question #295335 | ||
Hello! Suggestion: "The sports school has delegated 22 students to the competition." How will the noun be inflected with the noun - "twenty-two students", "twenty-two students" or something else? Best regards, Daria
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
That's right: them. case - twenty two students genus. case - twenty two students, date case - twenty two students, wine case - twenty two students, tv. case – twenty two students, suggestion case - ( o) twenty-two students.
Please note: inconstructions with compound numbers ending in two three four, the accusative case retains the nominative form regardless of the category of animation. Literary norm:delegated twenty-two students. Option delegated twenty-two students – colloquial.
| Question No. 294131 | ||
"A film lasting 720 hours" Please help me to read the sentence correctly. Seven hundred twenty? Seven hundred twenty?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: lasting seven hundred and twenty hours. Wed: over seven hundred and twenty hours.
| Question #288677 | ||
Good afternoon Is it correct to use a hyphen or a dash in the phrase "a young man of twenty-two to twenty-three years of age"? We are talking about approximation, that is, the same rule is used as in the expressions "a day or two, a year or two, ten or fifteen people, in March-April", and therefore there should be a hyphen - is that so? Thank you.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Since the numeral consists of two words, a dash is written instead of a hyphen: a young man of twenty-two or twenty-three.
| Question #288149 | ||
Will correspond to more than 20% market share. Do you need a 20% increase?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Adjective twenty percent can be abbreviated as follows: 20%, 20%, 20%.
| Question #286298 | ||
Hello! In answer No. 250881, an example of the ordinal number "one hundred and twenty-five millionth" is given. Is this word spelled correctly with the letter A in the first syllable? I just saw your rule: "Interfixes and (ten-meter), uh (two-story), ex (three-leaf), and (forty-meter) appear in complex adjectives after the bases of numerals, except for collective and ninety, SRT", and now I can’t correlate it with this word. Help me to understand! :)
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: one hundred and twenty five million. The answer to question #250881 has been corrected. Thank you for pointing out the mistake!
| Question #285248 | ||
How to spell the 225th anniversary correctly? Is the whole word merged?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Yes, the whole word is spelled together: two hundred and twenty five years.
| Question #284910 | ||
20% - do you need a space before "%"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
A space is not required. Correct spellings: twenty percent, 20 percent, 20 percent, 20 percent.
| Question No. 284078 | ||
How to write correctly: "Athletes were accommodated in twenty-one double rooms"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
You wrote correctly.
Hello Literacy. Does help work? All of my questions remain unanswered. I ask questions a couple of times every six months, but I don’t remember when there was an answer to at least one. I would like to know which questions become priorities for answering. If it is still possible, please help with the questions: 1. What case is needed in the sentence: 20 years of industrial gas production / gas production. 2. Long (not) healing early. Here long is a dependent word and therefore a separate spelling is needed, or, as Rosenthal writes, this is an explanatory word of an adverb of measure and degree, which means a continuous spelling is necessary. 3. A completely optional subject and a completely optional person / a completely optional person. How to explain the spelling together-separately in these examples. Thank you. Still, I hope to help.
Perhaps we took your questions for school assignments and therefore did not answer them. Sorry.
1. The form depends on the context. If you mean the anniversary, the twentieth anniversary of the invention of industrial gas production, then it is true: 20 years of industrial gas production. See also the question. In a different context, a genitive form is possible, for example: 20 years of industrial gas production have changed the economy of the region.
2. This participle with a dependent word is written separately: long-term wound that does not heal.
3. Both options are possible, but with different shades of meaning. In the meaning of "by no means mandatory" - separately. In the meaning of "absolutely, very optional" - together.
| Question #299641 | ||
How do you spell twenty-seven hours or twenty-seven hours?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: twenty seven hours.
| Question No. 299165 | ||
Good afternoon Tell me, please, the choice of a hyphen in this case is appropriate: "It was quite light, as it is light during the day in the Sargasso Sea at a depth of one hundred to one hundred and twenty meters ..."? Or is it necessary to use a dash here? Thank you
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Here you need to put a dash with spaces: ... at a depth of one hundred - one hundred and twenty meters.
| Question No. 299003 | ||
Hello! Is a dash needed in the sentence: "The size of a flower (-) is the size of a large plate, up to twenty-five centimeters in diameter"? D. E. Rosenthal says: "The dash, as a rule, is not put if the predicate is expressed by an adjective, a pronominal adjective, a prepositional case combination." That is, in this sentence, the dash is optional? Thank you.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Yes, according to the rule, the dash is optional. However, it is better to put a dash in your proposal so that the combination with a big plate was unequivocally perceived by the reader as a predicate, and not as a definition.
| Question #296810 | ||
How right? Twenty-two Russian biathletes were acquitted. Or: Twenty-two Russian biathletes were acquitted. Thank you!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
In constructions with compound numbers ending in two three four, the accusative case retains the nominative form regardless of the category of animation. Therefore it is true: acquitted by twenty-two Russian biathletes.
| Question #296694 | ||
Hello! Tell me how to punctuate this sentence: A man in his thirties in a black coat and a girl in her twenties in a red jacket.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Punctuation marks are placed correctly.
| Question #295945 | ||
How is the word twenty-four-story correctly spelled with the help of numbers: 24-story or 24-story? Or is it impossible to write like that at all - only in letters?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: 24 storey.
| Question #295335 | ||
Hello! Suggestion: "The sports school has delegated 22 students to the competition." How will the noun be inflected with the noun - "twenty-two students", "twenty-two students" or something else? Best regards, Daria
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
That's right: them. case - twenty two students genus. case - twenty two students, date case - twenty two students, wine case - twenty two students, tv. case – twenty two students, suggestion case - ( o) twenty-two students.
Please note: inconstructions with compound numbers ending in two three four, the accusative case retains the nominative form regardless of the category of animation. Literary norm:delegated twenty-two students. Option delegated twenty-two students – colloquial.
| Question No. 294131 | ||
"A film lasting 720 hours" Please help me to read the sentence correctly. Seven hundred twenty? Seven hundred twenty?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: lasting seven hundred and twenty hours. Wed: over seven hundred and twenty hours.
| Question #288677 | ||
Good afternoon Is it correct to use a hyphen or a dash in the phrase "a young man of twenty-two to twenty-three years of age"? We are talking about approximation, that is, the same rule is used as in the expressions "a day or two, a year or two, ten or fifteen people, in March-April", and therefore there should be a hyphen - is that so? Thank you.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Since the numeral consists of two words, a dash is written instead of a hyphen: a young man of twenty-two or twenty-three.
| Question #288149 | ||
Will correspond to more than 20% market share. Do you need a 20% increase?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Adjective twenty percent can be abbreviated as follows: 20%, 20%, 20%.
| Question #286298 | ||
Hello! In answer No. 250881, an example of the ordinal number "one hundred and twenty-five millionth" is given. Is this word spelled correctly with the letter A in the first syllable? I just saw your rule: "Interfixes and (ten-meter), uh (two-story), ex (three-leaf), and (forty-meter) appear in complex adjectives after the bases of numerals, except for collective and ninety, SRT", and now I can’t correlate it with this word. Help me to understand! :)
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: one hundred and twenty five million. The answer to question #250881 has been corrected. Thank you for pointing out the mistake!
| Question #285248 | ||
How to spell the 225th anniversary correctly? Is the whole word merged?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Yes, the whole word is spelled together: two hundred and twenty five years.
| Question #284910 | ||
20% - do you need a space before "%"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
A space is not required. Correct spellings: twenty percent, 20 percent, 20 percent, 20 percent.
| Question No. 284078 | ||
How to write correctly: "Athletes were accommodated in twenty-one double rooms"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
You wrote correctly.
Hello! Can you please tell me if it is possible to write a sentence like this or does it need to be redone? How? Everyone gave a 100% correct answer.
To answer you need to know the situation better. So, if you mean "absolutely correct answer", then it would be more correct to say: Everyone gave a 100% correct answer.
| Question #288304 | ||
Hello! Please, this is urgent. How to write: "six hundred page book" or "six hundred page book"? And why? Thank you:)
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
An adjective formed from a combination of a numeral with a noun is written together: six hundred pages, five percent, nine meters.
| Question #288149 | ||
Will correspond to more than 20% market share. Do you need a 20% increase?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Adjective twenty percent can be abbreviated as follows: 20%, 20%, 20%.
| Question #286438 | ||
By the nature of my service, I meet a lot of words with IT: IT-industry, IT-specialties, IT-company. Is the use of such a word the norm? How to write them correctly? Are these borrowings?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Yes, such spellings have come into common use (cf. DVD player, HD picture) and already enshrined in spelling rules. “The hyphen is used as part of the written equivalents of compound words, some of which are conveyed by a number, letter or letters (including the non-Russian alphabet) or other style (even one that cannot be “read”), for example: 25-percentile, 150th anniversary, 300 millionth, 5 1/2 thousandth, T-shaped, IBM-compatible, γ-active, "Nimble body S-shaped movement" (Cupr.), ww tubes ».
Type Combinations IT industry are not borrowed, they were formed in Russian using borrowed elements.
| Question #284910 | ||
20% - do you need a space before "%"?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
A space is not required. Correct spellings: twenty percent, 20%, 20%, 20 percent.
| Question #283616 | ||
Is it correct to put an increase in the numeral here: scored 16 points out of 23? And is it possible to write like this: 100% result?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Correctly:
1)16 points out of 23,
2) one hundred percent, 100%, 100%, 100 percent.
| Question #280559 | ||
eighty-five percent or eighty-five percent? how to write
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Right: eighty-five percent.
| Question #268965 | ||
Hello,You wrote many times that letter increments are required only for ordinal numbers, but at the same time you indicated the "5%" option as correct. Is "5%" an ordinal number?
Thank you
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
five percent is an adjective derived from a numeral five and noun percent, so the rule about increments for numerals does not apply to it.
| Question #257450 | ||
How to write words like "one hundred percent" in numbers? 100%? 100%?
Thank you!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
"Reference book of the publisher and author" A. E. Milchin, L. K. Cheltsova indicates that in business and scientific literature publications, the preferred (but not mandatory) form is with one- or two-letter increments ( 100%, 100%): this form saves space on the sheet and allows you to maintain uniformity in the build-up of case endings. However, the form 100% also allowed.
| Question #256156 | ||
Which is correct: 22-meter or 22-meter? And one more thing: 55% - right?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Correctly: 22 meters, 55% , 55%.
| Question #253661 | ||
Hello, dear Gramota.Ru! Tell me, what are the possible spellings of the phrase "two and a half party system" (such exists in the UK)? Is it permissible to use a hyphenated spelling: "two-and-a-half-party system" (a similar model is found in translated works published in Soviet times, most often when translating names and toponyms)?
The editors almost got into a fight over her...
Sincerely, Sophia
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Similar spellings are recorded by the Russian Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences: two and a half years old, two and a half meters, two and a half millionth, two and a half percent, two and a half thousandth and others. By analogy: two and a half party system.
| Question #248823 | ||
Good afternoon How is it correct to write: 5% (without a space) or 5% (with a space) and 5% or 5%? I will be very grateful for the answer!
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Correct: 5% (five percent), 5% (five percent).
| Question #248567 | ||
In other areas, the rate of price reduction did not exceed the one percent barrier or the one percent barrier? (what? or what?)
Thanks Marina.
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Better: do not exceed what? The expression "to exceed the barrier" is lexically unfortunate.
| Question #235881 | ||
Thank you for your answers. Could you tell me which of the spellings of the phrase is correct: 100% protection or 100% protection?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Correct: _100%, 100%, 100% _.
| Question #235147 | ||
Hello! whether the combination "except for the LDPR, Just Russia and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation" is isolated in the proposal Party "Patriots of Russia"
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Turnovers with the word "except" are usually isolated (highlighted on both sides by commas).
6.1.1. Factors for choosing a verbal or digital form of numerals
When choosing, take into account:
1. In digital form, the number is more noticeable. According to the observations of psychologists, “first-graders do not notice the arithmetic given in the condition of the problem, if it is indicated verbally, and not in the form of a figure, to which they are accustomed” (Bogoyavlensky D.N. Psychology of learning at school / D.N. Bogoyavlensky, N. A. Menchinskaya, Moscow, 1959, p. 169).
2. In digital form, two- and multi-digit numbers are grasped by the reader much faster. They, apparently, are not read, are not mentally translated into verbal form, but are grasped with a glance, which simplifies and speeds up the perception of the text.
3. Single-digit numbers in indirect cases in digital form make reading somewhat more difficult. Most likely, because they are still read in the nominative case ( after 4 meetings - "after four meetings"). But the need to agree with the case of the noun forces us to return to the numeral and read it correctly: four meetings. It takes time, and in the verbal form, the numeral is immediately read correctly.
6.1.2. single digits
Can be written in cursive or digitally.
Word form of numbers (in words). Recommended in the following cases:
1. When single-digit numbers are in indirect cases not with units of magnitude, monetary units, since in such cases the digital form would complicate reading (at first, the reader mentally pronounces the number in their case and only upon further reading understands that the case should be different, and this leads to an unnecessary stop, slows down reading). For example:
2. When a combination of several numbers in digital form can make reading difficult, and inserting a word between these numbers or changing the order of words to separate the numbers is difficult or undesirable. For example:
Five 30-seater buses... | 5 30-seater buses... |
If it is easy to insert a word or change the order of words, then it is preferable to do this than to change the digital form of the number to verbal. For example: ...25 new 30-seater buses...
3. When a cardinal number begins a sentence, since it disappears in digital form, as a rule, uppercase letter in the first word of a sentence, serving as a signal to the reader about its beginning (one preceding dot is a weak signal for this). For example:
In order to avoid inconsistency in writing cardinal numbers at the beginning and middle of a sentence, it is advisable, if possible, to restructure a sentence that begins with a number so that the latter goes into the middle. For example: ...with this layout. Accommodates 5 machines...
1. When single-digit integers, even in oblique cases, stand in a row with two- and multi-valued ones, since when perceiving a number of numbers, the reader, as a rule, does not need to mentally translate them into verbal form.
2. When single-digit whole numbers form a combination with physical units. quantities, monetary units, etc. For example:
6.1.3. Multi-valued integers
The verbal form of numbers. This form is recommended for confluence of two numbers in numerical form and in cases where a sentence begins with a number. If the verbal form of the numbers is not desired, the phrase must be rearranged to separate the two numbers, or not to start the phrase with a number, or to replace the period with a semicolon. For example:
Numeric form of numbers. It is preferred for multi-digit numbers in the vast majority of cases, since it is better than the verbal form, is perceived by readers, is more noticeable, and better remembered.
Breakdown of numbers in digital form into groups. Such numbers are divided by spaces into groups (three digits from right to left). Tech. typing rules instruct to divide numbers into groups only starting with 5-digit ones (see: Typesetting and phototypesetting processes. M., 1983. P. 2.3.9), and "Basic mathematical notation (CMEA PC 2625-70)" do not exceptions for 4-digit numbers as well. For example:
Digits are not divided into groups in numbers indicating the year, number (after the number sign), in numbers of designations of brands of machines and mechanisms, regulatory documents (standards, technical conditions, etc.), if the documents establishing these designations do not a different form of writing. For example: In 1999; No. 89954; GOST 20283. Telephone numbers are split differently (see 6.1.6).
It is forbidden to put a dot in spaces between digital groups.
The size of the beating between the digital groups is 2 p.
1. To designate large round numbers (thousands, millions, billions) as a combination of numbers with an abbreviation thousand, million, billion, because the reader is faster, easier to perceive 20 billion, 12 million than 20,000,000,000, 12,000,000.
This rule in publications for specialists also applies to combinations of large round numbers with designations of physical units. values, monetary units, etc. For example:
In publications for the mass reader, it is recommended in such cases to abandon not the verbal-digital form of numbers, but the abbreviated designations of units of quantities - to replace them with their full names. For example: 20 million kilometers, 500 thousand volts.
2. In well-established names, well-known litigation so as not to break the traditional, familiar spelling. For example: Process 193's; Process 50.
6.1.4. Fractional numbers
Form of a set of simple fractions. Simple fractions are usually typed in numbers on the top and bottom lines of the font: 3 / 4. But for typing in this way, the typesetter must receive a written instruction. Therefore, in the original, simple fractions written in one line through a slash should be marked with an upper or lower arc, repeated on the side margin and written next to it in a circle: fraction. For example:
A simple fraction is typed without breaking off from a whole number. For example: 5 1 / 2 .
Decimal form. The fractional part of decimal fractions, like integers, is divided by spaces into groups of 3 characters each, but in the opposite direction compared to integers, i.e. from left to right. For example:
25,128 137; 20 158,675 8 | 25,128137; 20158,6758 |
Case of nouns with fractional numbers. The fractional number controls the noun with it, and therefore the latter is put in the gender. case singular h. For example: 1/3 meters; 0.75 liters; 0.5 thousand; 10 5 / 6 million.
The use of the words part, share with fractional numbers. As a rule, the use of the words part, share after simple fractional numbers should be considered verbal excess. For example:
6.1.5. Value interval
The designation of the range of values. To indicate the range of values put: a) ellipsis; b) dash; c) sign ÷; d) an excuse from before the first number and before- before the second. For example: 5 ... 10 meters long; 5-10 meters long; Length 5÷10 meters; Length from 5 to 10 meters.
Preferred for publications tech. and scientific (in the field of exact and natural sciences) lit. is the standard ellipsis character (...) between numbers in numerical form.
In tech. lit. by tradition, it is permissible to use the sign ÷ between numbers in digital form.
Dash and prepositions are used in publications of humanitarian and journalistic literature.
The use of a dash. Dash as a range sign recommended put:
1. With the verbal form of numbers (in words) in the publications of the artist. lit., as well as those close to it. For example: ... five to ten meters long. At the same time, as usual between words, a dash, according to tech. set rules, should be beaten off from the words by 2 p., which should be indicated in the original.
2. In the text of publications of socio-political, humanitarian and similar literature. For example: The plan was fulfilled by 110-115 percent; 30-35 thousand boys and girls. At the same time, as usual, between numbers in digital form, a dash, according to tech. dialing rules, should not be separated from numbers.
The use of a hyphen. When two numbers in verbal form (in words) do not mean “from such and such to such and such a number”, but “either this or that number”, then they put between the numerals hyphen. For example: There were five or six cars parked outside the house.. In digital form, a dash is stored: machines 5-6.
Large numbers in the range of values. When numbers are numbered, it is necessary to keep zeros in the lower limit number so that the reader cannot mistake it for a smaller value. For example:
In the word-numeric form of numbers, it is permissible to omit the designation in the number of the lower limit thousand, million, billion, since the reader perceives such notations as constituent part units of magnitude. For example:
Arrangement of numbers in the range of values. As a rule, from the smallest to the largest, from the lower limit to the upper. The exception is related relative numbers (in the second pair, the larger number can come first). For example: This is 60-80% of the total weight of the cargo. The rest 40-20%...
6.1.6. Phone numbers
They are usually written without a number sign, separated by a hyphen or space, two digits from right to left, for example: 2-99-85-90; 2-95; 2 99 85 90 .
If there is one digit in the first group of digits of a telephone number, it is permissible to combine it into one group with the next two digits. For example: 299-85-90, 299 85 90, 295 .
6.1.7. House numbers
They are usually written without a number sign. For example: Tverskaya, 13. A feature is the writing of double and letter numbers.
Double numbers. They are usually written with a slash: st. Pushkin, 15/18.
Letter numbers. It is customary to write the letter together with the last digit of the number: Pushkinsky lane, 7a.
6.1.8. Combinations of numbers with designations of units of physical quantities
Physical designations. values cannot be torn off from the digital form of the values of these quantities, i.e., cannot be transferred to the next line. The last digit of the number is beaten off from the designation of the unit by 2 p., Including from the designations ° С and%, except for the special. characters raised to the top line of the font (... ° ..." ..." ), which are required to be written together with the last digit. For example:
In a combination of decimal fractions with the notation of physical units. values, these designations should be placed after all figures. For example:
A numerical value with a tolerance or with maximum deviations when combined with the designation of a physical unit. quantities must be enclosed in brackets or the designation of the unit should be placed both after the numerical value and after the tolerance or maximum deviation. For example:
With an interval and a list of numerical values of one physical. quantity designation of the unit of physical. values are placed only after the final digit. For example:
6.1.9. Limit deviations of linear dimensions
Specified in this form:
6.1.10. Rules for writing numbers in the decimal number system
ST SEV 543-77, which installed them, applies them only to normative technical, design and technological documentation. But they are quite applicable to many editions of literature on the exact, natural sciences and technology.
A notation for the precision of a number. For such a designation, either after the number put the word exactly in parentheses; eg: 3,600,000 J (exactly), or the last significant figure is highlighted in bold; eg: 3,6 MJ.
Write approximate numbers. If in three digit number(for example, in the number 382) the first two digits are correct, and you cannot vouch for the accuracy of the last digit, then this number should be written in the form 3.8 10 2.
If in a four-digit number (for example, in the number 4720) the first two digits are correct, and the accuracy of the last two cannot be guaranteed, then the number should be written in the form 47 10 2 or 4.7 10 3.
Recording tolerances. The last significant digit of both the number and the deviation must have the same digit. For example:
Record intervals between numerical values. Recording form:
6.1.11. Rules for rounding numbers in the decimal number system
ST SEV 543-77 installed.
The first of the discarded digits (counting from left to right) is less than 5. The last stored digit does not change. For example:
Right: | Wrong: |
|
12,23 12,2; 12,23 12 | ||
12 456 12 10 3 | 12 456 12 500 = 124 10 2 |
The first of the discarded digits (counting from left to right) is equal to or greater than 5. The last stored digit is increased by one. For example:
565.46 6 10 2 600 |
||
565.46 5.7 10 2 570 |
The first of the discarded digits (counting from left to right) is 5, but is the result of prior rounding. In this case, rounding depends on how the first of the discarded digits is rounded:
a) when it is rounded up (for example, 0.15 is obtained by rounding 0.148), the last saved figure does not change: 0.15 0.1;
b) when it is rounded down (for example, 0.25 is obtained by rounding 0.252), the last stored digit is increased by one: 0.25 0.3.
6.1.12. Word form (in words)
6.1.13. digital form
As an exception, the digital form is preferred in the following cases:
1. When it is required to imitate documents, letters, signboards, since the writing in them is unlikely and will violate their "authenticity". For example: Be at the gazebo by the stream today at 7 o'clock(note by Dubrovsky).
2. When in auth. the text (not in direct speech) gives the numbers of houses, institutions, etc. and it is necessary to convey them in the form in which they appear on the letterhead, sign, etc. For example: Here in dining room 68, where the Florida Cafe used to be...
3. When a complex number is encountered in direct speech and they strive to simplify its reading. For example: “LD 46-71,” Ivan read the number(R. Pogodin).
4. When they try to emphasize (sometimes ironically) the special accuracy of numbers. For example: The sun rose over the rolling desert at 05:02:46(Ilf I., Petrov E. The Golden Calf).
6.2. Ordinals
Editions of business and scientific literature
6.2.1. Ordinal numbers in the form of Arabic numerals with increasing case endings
This is the predominant form of ordinal numbers in business and scientific publications. lit. The only exceptions are those objects that are usually denoted by Roman numerals (see 6.2.5), simple numerals of the type first time, second time, as well as those that indicate the numbers of the elements of the edition and follow the name of these elements, and dates (see 6.2.4).
6.2.2. Case ending building rules
Case ending in ordinal numbers, indicated by Arabic numerals, according to an established tradition must be:
1. One-letter, if the last letter of the numeral is preceded by a vowel sound. For example:
2. Two-letter, if the last letter of the numeral is preceded by a consonant. For example:
6.2.3. Increasing the case ending with several ordinal numbers in a row
The spelling of ordinal numbers with increasing case endings differs in this case depending on their number and the form of separation (connection):
1. If one follows the other two ordinal numbers separated by a comma or joined by a union, the case ending is increased for each of them. For example: 1st, 2nd rows; 9th and 10th grades; 40s and 50s; in 8th or 9th grade.
2. If one follows the other more than two ordinal numbers separated by a comma, semicolon or connected by a union, the case ending is increased only for the last numeral. For example: Pupils of 5th, 7th, 9th grades; 8, 11, 15, 18th sectors; 40s, 60s, 70s; in 7th, 8th or 9th grade.
3. If there are two numerals in a row through a dash, then the case ending is increased:
a) only for the second, when it is the same for both numbers, for example: 50-60s; in the 20-30s.;
b) for each numeral, when their case endings are different or when the words preceding the first numeral control only it and are not connected with the second, for example: in the 20th-30th sectors; in the early 70s-80s.
6.2.4. Ordinal numbers in the form of Arabic numerals without increasing the case ending
These numbers include:
1. Numbers of volumes, chapters, pages, illustrations, tables, applications, etc., elements of publications, if the generic word (element name: volume, chapter etc.) precedes the number. For example: in volume 6; chapter 5; us. 85; in fig. 8; in table. eleven; in app. 6.
However, if the generic name of the element comes after the numeral, the latter should be written with an incremental case ending. For example: in the 6th volume; in the 5th chapter; on page 83.
2. Dates (years and days of the month), if the word year or the name of the month follows the number. For example: In 1997; December 12, 1997. Not: In 1972; December 12, 1997.
However, if the word year or the name of the month is omitted or placed before the number, it is recommended to increase the case ending. For example: in May, on the 20th; year 1920; The year 1917 struck; The concert was rescheduled from May 15 to May 22; April 20th...
6.2.5. Ordinal numbers in the form of Roman numerals
Traditionally, they denote: 1) numbers of congresses, conferences, congresses, etc. ( XX congress); 2) century ( XXI Century); 3) numbers of international associations ( III International); 4) numbers of elected bodies ( IV State Duma); 5) numbers of ongoing sports ( XX Olympic Games); 6) numbers in the name of the emperor, king ( Peter I, Nicholas II, Charles V, Louis XIV); 7) designations of quarters of the year ( IV quarter). Quadrants, parts or sections of books, etc. can be indicated by Roman numerals.
Publications of fiction and related literature
6.2.6. Preferential form
As a rule, this is a verbal form (script). For example: In the twentieth century; in forty-five years... In replicas actors in a dramatic work, the verbal form of ordinal numbers is the only one.
6.2.7. Numeric or word-numeric form
Allowed in the following cases:
1. When to Style appearance notes, letters, inscriptions. For example: ...with a fresh limestone slogan: "Hello 5th District Conference..."(Ilf I., Petrov E. The Golden Calf).
2. When it is required to name the number of a newspaper, magazine, military unit, and the indirect speech in which it is included contains elements of a business nature, or when the number itself is difficult to reproduce in cursive. For example: ...a 2nd loan ticket with a soaked corner(A.P. Chekhov); The division as part of the 9th Motorized Regiment "Westland", the 10th Motorized Regiment "Germany" ...(Em. Kazakevich).
3. When it is necessary to name the year or day of the month in the descriptive part of the work. For example: At the end of 1811, in an era memorable to us ...(A. S. Pushkin).
However, the numeric form is not appropriate in such cases if the accuracy of the date is not essential, and the surrounding text is not descriptive, or if the year is abbreviated. For example: Last year, on the twenty-second of March, it happened to me in the evening ...(F. M. Dostoevsky); Revolution of the seventeenth year...(Ilf I., Petrov E.).
4. When in the descriptive part of the work it is required to name the name of the emperor, the king with a number as part of the name. For example: ... Curls ... were fluffed up like a wig of Louis XIV(Pushkin A.S. Young lady-peasant).
6.3. Numerals in compound nouns and adjectives
6.3.1. Publications of fiction and related literature
As a rule, the verbal form (script) is used. For example: fiftieth anniversary; twenty-kilometer crossing.
6.3.2. Publications of mass non-fiction
Wrong: 150th anniversary, 20km crossing etc., i.e., with the addition of the ending of the numeral to the second part of the word.
6.3.3. Editions of business and scientific literature
In narrow-specialist publications for a highly trained reader, an adjective attached to a number is acceptable if it is formed from the name of a physical unit. quantities, to be replaced by the designation of this unit. For example: .
6.3.4. Compound words from numerals and adjectives percentage
In business and scientific publications. lit. accepted form of numeral in digital form, percent sign, hyphen and case ending -ny, -nogo, -nomu etc. E.g.: 10% solution.
The preferred form in such editions should be considered a form with an accretion of a one- or two-letter ending according to the rules for accumulating a case ending in ordinal numbers indicated by Arabic numerals (see 6.2.2). For example: 15% solution, 20% solution, 25% solution etc. This form is more economical than the previous one and allows you to maintain uniformity in the build-up of case endings.
In narrow-specialist editions for a highly trained reader, a form without increasing the case ending is acceptable if the context cannot cause double interpretations. For example: In 5% solution.
6.4. Characters in text
6.4.1. Replacing words in text with signs
Like abbreviations, signs, which in many cases can replace words, save space in the publication and the reader's time. The most common signs in the text are numbers (№), paragraph (§), percent (%), degrees (°), minutes ("), seconds ("). The reader, without deciphering the sign, without mentally translating it into a verbal form, using only the graphic image of the sign, can instantly orientate himself in the meaning of the number. Signs and replaced words when it was necessary to indicate to the reader in the fastest and most economical way what the nature of numbers in digital form is: whether they indicate serial numbers or the type of heading or the numerical value of a certain value.
6.4.2. Signs №, %, §, ° in the text
These signs in the text are put only with numbers in digital form: No. 5, § 11, 45%, 30 °. When numbers are written in words, it is customary to replace them with the words: number five, in paragraph two, forty-five percent, five degrees.
The % sign is replaced by a word and a number in digital form, if the text is journalistic or popular, designed for the mass reader: 45 percent.
Throwing out the number sign in front of the numbers. This is done when, even without the No. sign, it is clear that the number denotes a serial number (for example, before the numbers of pages, columns, tables, formulas, notes, applications, diagram details, etc.). For example: us. 8; stb. 805; in Appendix 3; in table. 5; in fig. 8; in equality (5); from formula (6); Note 5; screw 5 in fig. 10.
Signs №, §, %, ° - for two or more numbers. Based on the principle of cost savings, these signs are typed only before or after a series of numbers, without setting each number in numerical series. For example;
If the numbers are decimals, then, in order to avoid incorrect or difficult reading, they are separated from each other not by a comma, but by a semicolon. For example:
Set rules. The signs №, % and § beat off the numbers on the half pin. Signs of degrees, minutes and seconds do not beat off the numbers. The sign ° C is beaten off, like other designations of physical units. sizes, by 2 p.
6.4.3. Signs more (>), less (<), no more (≤), at least (≥)
In the text of scientific publications. and tech. lit. for a highly trained reader, it is allowed to replace these terms with signs before numbers in digital form. It is especially advisable to use these signs in tables for the sake of graph compactness. These signs are typed with a beating from the numbers for 2 p.
6.4.4. Signs of mathematical operations and ratios, positive and negative values of quantities
In the text of scientific publications. and tech. lit. when typing simple calculations and formulas into a line with text, it is customary to use mat signs. actions and ratios and designate with signs (+ or -) the positive or negative value of the quantity in front of the number in digital form.
Math signs. actions and ratios (+, -, ×, :, /, =, ~) are beaten off from adjacent symbols and numbers by 2 points, and the positive or negative signs of the value of the value are typed together with the next number.
6.4.5. Accent and pronunciation in the words of the text
These signs make it easier and easier to read. So, the accent mark or two dots above the letter e (ё) help the reader to read the text correctly the first time in cases where double reading is possible. For example: longer and more authentic; the greater part and the greater part; All the villages were unsightly and All the villages were unprepossessing; I saw from the window what was going on in the street and I saw from the window that people were crowding in the street(for details see 5.5).
version: 1.1.143Spelling Grammar LLC, 2012-2019
