FRONT ROADS AND POST-WAR EVERYDAY OF GENERAL KRASILNIKOV
Such a bright life, full of numerous events, like that of Ivan Nikolaevich Krasilnikov, would perhaps be enough for several people. Apparently, somewhere up there, fate itself was destined for him (as the gypsy had guessed back in 1941 - to live to a gray beard) to go from beginning to end on difficult, long worldly roads that were intended only for him. And they had everything, the whole spectrum of human everyday life in the wide sea of life, where they were lucky to know the joy of being, and drink the bitter cup of suffering, and most importantly, test themselves for strength.
Since childhood, he has known hard peasant labor, and with it a bitter sense of resentment against officials from the government, who, on a denunciation, imprisoned (albeit not for long) an innocent beloved father. And he himself was not allowed to go to school, as the son of an enemy of the people. Ivan Krasilnikov is still grateful to director M.I. Kurin, who took pity on him and took him to the classroom. Over time, these episodes in the children's memory somehow subsided, dissipated.
Vanya, like his peers, lived and grew stronger together with the country, which began to rise from the devastation caused by the Civil War. He, along with many, rejoiced at the successes of the country, admired the exploits of the Chelyuskinites, Valery Chkalov, was in the grip of Nikolai Ostrovsky's novel How the Steel Was Tempered. He considered Pavka Korchagin to be his favorite hero, like all Soviet youth, and in his heart he dreamed of being like him. And, like him, go only forward, only to the line of fire.
The first independent step for the young man was the choice future profession. And the main argument that influenced this was the hard, manual peasant labor and the desire to make it easier. Borisoglebsk College of Mechanization and Electrification Agriculture became just the place where his hopes were embodied. Ivan dreamed about the faculty of mechanization at the Voronezh Agricultural Institute, but this was not destined to come true.
Ivan Krasilnikov did not yet know and could not know that his love for peaceful agricultural equipment would have to be exchanged for formidable military equipment, and the ominous war would turn his whole life upside down.
After being drafted into the Red Army, Private Krasilnikov in October 1941 was already serving in the 27th Reserve Artillery Regiment as a 76-mm gunner. Having mastered the basics of artillery science, he, as an exemplary warrior, was sent to study at the 2nd Kiev Artillery School, which was at that time in the village. Robbery of the Saratov region. And there, having passed an accelerated training course, in which, as the poet wrote, "he studied the grammar of combat and the language of batteries", he received the rank of lieutenant and the position of commander of a cadet platoon at the school. Another graduate would be happy with such a successful, as they say, layout of cards, but he is not. I did not write any reports with a request to be sent to the front - I knew that it was useless. His command appreciated and, using the "armor", was not going to give it to someone. And the lieutenant in his heart nurtured the idea of how to quickly get into the army.
Soon such an opportunity presented itself, although because of it, looking ahead, let's say, a young officer was almost expelled from the party. Being a senior team for sending graduate officers at the disposal of the commander of the troops Southern Front, Krasilnikov managed to persuade the personnel officer to add his name to the list of lieutenants. So in January 1943, he ended up at the front, where he soon became the commander of a battery of 122-mm howitzers in the 2nd shock army.
Already somewhere near Rostov, where they approached with fighting Soviet troops, a command was received to return the fugitive to the school, where a severe punishment, especially along the party line, awaited him. And it would have taken place if it were not for the head of the political department, Major A. Mazur, who came to a meeting of the party bureau of the division. Having learned that desertion is being charged against the accused, he said with a laugh: "There is no desertion from the rear to the front, only the other way around ..." On that they parted.
A happy division commander with his general wife on New Year's Eve.
Later, all the same, Krasilnikov was released to the front. It was only in 1944. By this time educational institution was already in Kyiv and training in it went in a new profile - self-propelled artillery. Having received the formidable ISU-152 heavy artillery mounts in Chelyabinsk, the battery commander, Lieutenant Krasilnikov, as part of the 396th Guards Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, which was part of the 5th Shock Army under the command of Colonel General N.E. Berzarin, began to smash the enemy. He fought through Belarus, participated in the Vistula-Oder and Berlin offensive operations.
In the battles for the capital of the fascist Reich, many fighting friends of Ivan Nikolayevich died, and he himself was seriously wounded in the head. Of the five crew members, only two survived - the driver mechanic and he, the commander.
For the rest of his life, he remembered the Soviet hospital in Vienna and the attending physician, the captain of the medical service named Ashkhen. “Only now, after more than six decades,” the veteran recalls, “I appreciated the feat of this amazing woman, who returned me to the ranks from the flames of war.”
After recovery in the track record of senior lieutenant Krasilnikov, as if in a kaleidoscope, positions, places of service, study began to change. In March 1950, as a replacement, he arrived at the post of chief of staff of the battalion in the 39th Guards Tank Regiment, in the hero city of Brest. Here, according to his confession, he first felt a lack of knowledge in himself. Their deficit affected the conduct of the educational process. Then he will become an erudite, well-read, interesting conversationalist.
The good craving for science was supported by the command, sending a promising officer to the Higher Armored School with a one-year training period, which he graduated with excellent marks. This gave him the right to appoint him as a teacher of tactics at his native Kiev school of self-propelled artillery. Two years later, Captain Krasilnikov rises one more step in his career - a senior officer of the Combat Training Directorate of the Kyiv Military District.
And study again. Now at the Academy of Armored Forces. I.V. Stalin. For such a thirsty person as the then major Krasilnikov, the academy became a native element. The study of literature in the academic library, participation in the military-scientific society, rationalization and electoral work completely absorbed the free time of the Stalin scholar. Academy, as well as earlier evening school, finished with honors.
New prospects opened up before the graduate. The theoretical knowledge gained and the extensive, especially combat experience of the war, created I.N. Krasilnikov favorable conditions for further promotion. Soon he becomes commander of a tank regiment, then - deputy commander and commander of a motorized rifle division.
He showed his greatest talent as a leader and organizer when he commanded the 7th Guards Tank Division, famous during the war years, stationed in the GDR - in close proximity to the troops of a potential enemy. Under him, the formation was famous for its high combat readiness and combat readiness, successfully withstanding any checks.
"The legendary division, as I still call it," the veteran writes in his memoirs, "remained in my mind for life as a golden page of biography. Its fame and my commanding honor were related forever."
Subsequently, Ivan Nikolaevich was a representative of the command of the United Armed Forces of the participating states Warsaw Pact in the 9th Panzer Division of the National People's Army of the GDR. And from 1975 to 1983 he headed the Kiev city military commissariat.
He was elected to various party bodies. He was a delegate of the XXVII Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine. For military merit during the Great Patriotic War and military post-war labor was awarded eight orders and more than thirty medals.
After his dismissal from the Armed Forces, he worked as a senior instructor in the Ukrainian Republican Council for the Management of Resorts of Trade Unions of Ukraine.
For more than 20 years, I.N. Krasilnikov dedicated social activities, heading various veteran structures. He was the first deputy chairman, chairman of the Council of the Kyiv city organization of veterans. Now he is its honorary chairman.
With an enviable feeling of warmth, Ivan Nikolaevich recalls his relationship with his loving wife Evdokia Kasyanovna, who died prematurely, who became a real fighting friend for him, shared with him the joys and hardships of harsh army life, created a strong home rear and inspired her husband to military and labor affairs. As an exemplary family man, he still bears a vow of fidelity to his beloved wife. He expresses many grateful words to his daughter Antonina, who lives with daily worries about him, loves her son Alexander, grandchildren and great-grandchildren, who reciprocate him, are proud of their well-deserved ancestor-general, honor him.
Ivan Nikolayevich is from the cohort of those officers for whom honor, conscience, decency, loyalty to the oath, family have always been above all else. They became the measure of his attitude to the service, to his whole life. Like a scarlet banner fluttering in the wind, he carried these best features of a person through his whole life. And it had everything - youthful dreams, hopes that came true and failed, love, joys and hardships, inspired work in the name of the Fatherland.
On this solemn day for you, your family and friends, accept, dear Ivan Nikolaevich, sincere wishes for good health, family warmth and comfort, more for long years life.
These warm congratulations are joined by comrades and friends, members of the presidiums of the Councils of the Organization of Veterans of Ukraine and the Kiev City Organization of Veterans, everyone who knows and honors you, as well as the editorial team of the Kievsky Vestnik newspaper.
Happy 90th birthday to you, dear Ivan Nikolayevich!
Retired colonel Fyodor Dovzhenko dedicated the touching lines of his poem to Ivan Nikolaevich Krasilnikov:
MY LITE
My beautiful years
Splashed the boards of polygons,
I licorice vusta
They scorched the winds of the garrisons.
І sipuchi pіski,
I prickly frost
Zustrichali rocky
On the thorny Viysk road.
I rocked the rocks
On the Viysk life field
Difficult sides,
The sides of the officer's share.
I flowed like streams,
Have a short break
My warm thoughts
About the kokhana, that you always checked.
Vishivali rocky
White patterns on the skins,
The stars sprouted
Mov polovі kvіtki, on shoulder straps.
Evening dawn
Rozkvila guessed about it,
Lita seems: it's time,
Ale OK rіzati yak alive?
How to heal this bіl,
How to get through the crisis I empty my soul
I confess myself
In the moment that I am on the remaining border ...
That on the wings of life
I will turn to youth again,
In my best summer,
Lita naydorozhchi, viysk.
NOTES OF GENERAL KRASILNIKOV
Having read the recently published book "Milestones of My Life", to be honest, I was somewhat surprised by its author, General I.N. Krasilnikov, or rather, not by himself, but by the answer that he gave in an interview with a journalist from one of the newspapers. When asked what was in big life the most joyful, answered: "The happiest time of my life was my studies at the Military Academy of Armored Forces named after I.V. Stalin and the command of the 7th Guards Tank Division. These are truly the golden pages of my biography." Note - not the position of adviser in the National people's army the former German Democratic Republic and the military commissar of the city of Kyiv, which he held after, namely when he served in the named unit, commanded it. And when I say I'm surprised, I mean something else. Then, what can I say, and now many have dreamed and dream of good positions no subordinates. Ever since those times, an eloquent saying has remained and now exists among the troops: "I would like an apiary with honey, but without bees." But, as it turned out, I.N. Krasilnikov is a completely different type of person. He had, at least then, a different view on this matter. One can only envy his fighting courage!As for studying at the academy, everything is clear here. Acquiring knowledge is always a joy. And for such a thirsty person as the author of these notes, being in a university is a real native element; You are responsible only for yourself, for your own results in your studies.
Speaking about this in the book, Ivan Nikolayevich recalls with what envy he looked into the windows elementary school, where peers studied, and he was refused to visit her only because his father was considered a prisoner (although he was innocent and was released after a month and a half). Ivan Krasilnikov is grateful to the headmaster M.I. Kurina, who took pity on him and brought him into the classroom.
While studying at the academy, Major Krasilnikov was a Stalin scholarship holder. He graduated from it, as well as evening school, with a gold medal. And a few years before that general assessment"excellent" completed a year of study at the Higher Armored Officer School.
It's another matter to be the commander of a tank division. The officers and generals who served in the troops know, figuratively speaking, what kind of colossus it is with a mass of people and a huge fleet of tanks, other military equipment, and vehicles. In addition, it was impossible to drop the prestige of the connection, which became famous during the Great Patriotic War. The division had the name - Kiev-Berlin, on its Battle Banner sparkled the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov. 69 Heroes Soviet Union, including 6 twice Heroes headed the list of unit warriors who accomplished feats of arms.
It should also be taken into account that she was in the GDR - in close proximity to the troops of a potential enemy. This means that high combat readiness and combat capability were one of the critical factors in the activities of the commander and headquarters of the division. All this burden of high responsibility, and first of all for the people, General I. Krasilnikov, together with the political department, took upon themselves and carried it with honor. He lived with anxieties and training grounds, exercises, worries about incidents that happened, caring for his subordinates. They say about people like him that they only dream of peace. But the main thing is that he did not lose heart, did not give up, but "clenching his nerves into a fist", confidently walked forward. It seemed that the general was born for such a difficult job. And the more difficult it became, the stronger he held the reins of control in his hands and received from this, as it turned out, real satisfaction.
During the period of his command, the division honorably fulfilled the tasks entrusted to it as guarding the frontiers of the Motherland, including coping with a difficult combat situation and at the large-scale exercises Zapad-72, which were attended and gave a good assessment to the unit by the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A .A. Grechko.
“The legendary division, as I still call it,” writes Ivan Krasilnikov in a published book, “remained in my mind for life as a golden page of biography. Its glory and my commanding honor became related forever!”
Here, in my opinion, his abilities were truly revealed, I would say, the talent of a very successful division commander, before whom the road to further military career. Had he agreed to the proposed position of deputy army commander for combat training, I think he would certainly have become an army commander. For this he had every reason. But family circumstances, especially those related to the illness of his wife, did not allow such a decision to be made. He had to agree to an important, but modest, rather diplomatic post of military representative (advisor) of the Soviet Armed Forces in the 9th Panzer Division of the National People's Army of the GDR.
This period of activity, as well as the previous one (7th Panzer Division), the author of the notes devotes a whole chapter. In it, he talks about his service in a new position, which boiled down mainly to unobtrusive advice and suggestions on how to raise and constantly maintain the combat readiness of the formation, how to rally its personnel to carry out the assigned tasks. In this case, the Soviet general passed on to his German comrades in arms all his richest experience. His efforts were not slow to affect the success of the German formation. Soon the division became one of the best in the army of the GDR, clearly demonstrated its assets during inspections (exercises).
In addition, at the initiative of the adviser, measures were taken to strengthen the brotherhood in arms between the soldiers of the armies of the socialist countries.
... The irresistible will to overcome difficulties (consider victory), a strong fighting character, which were so clearly manifested by General Krasilnikov during the command of the 7th Panzer Division, had been formed before that, both during the war years and in the post-war period. And then, when he commanded a platoon, a self-propelled gun battery that took part in the storming of Berlin. And later, when he was a battalion commander, a senior officer of the Combat Training Directorate of the Kyiv Military District (KVO).
High professional qualities manifested themselves doubly when he became the commander of a tank regiment of the 4th Guards Motorized Rifle Division. Occupying this position, the author notes in the notes, was helped by chance. After completing his studies at the academy, Lieutenant Colonel Krasilnikov served in the Combat Training Department of the KVO. Once, on behalf of the commander of the district, Colonel-General P.K. Koshevoy, and in his presence Ivan Krasilnikov supervised, or rather, prepared and conducted the exercise of a tank company with live fire. Having gone into the depths of the "enemy's" defense, she suddenly reorganized into pre-battle order and opened fire. Everything turned out great. The commander removed the watch from his hand and handed it to the company commander, and the above-named position was offered to the curator of the exercises.
By this time, the author of the notes also met the commander of the 37th Guards Tank Division, Colonel I.A. Gerasimov, future army general, Hero of Ukraine. Under his leadership, Ivan Nikolaevich was lucky to serve a number of unforgettable years, which he recalls with satisfaction, and even more about the great friendship that developed between them.
The third chapter of the book reveals the multifaceted, painstaking work of Colonel Krasilnikov at the head of the regiment, which was stationed near the village of Trekhizbenka, Lugansk region, between the Seversky Donets and Aidar rivers. It was associated not only with the main task - the combat training of personnel, but also with numerous domestic concerns. They especially increased in winter with heavy snowfalls, and in spring with floods, when the regiment was cut off from the outside world.
The second part of the chapter is devoted to the activities of the author of the notes in the position of deputy commander of the 22nd Guards Tank Division. It was in this capacity that he had to test himself, as they say, for strength, first in performing state task- harvesting in the western regions of Ukraine, where I had to lead the KVO task force, and then - in the deployment of the division to wartime states, which was carried out according to plan General Staff Armed Forces of the USSR. At the same time, he had a memorable meeting with the first secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine V.V. Shcherbitsky. Ivan Nikolaevich coped with both tasks successfully and was soon appointed commander of the 36th motorized rifle division.
Very interesting are the pages of the book in the prologue chapter with the subtitle "Between Life and Death". They are about the beginning of the service, about the war that brought the commander of the ISU-152 battery, Senior Lieutenant Krasilnikov, to the streets of Berlin. As a result of the battle, the self-propelled guns were hit. Of the five crew members, the driver and he, the commander, who was wounded in the head, survived. This episode was not so long ago described in "KV".
No less exciting is the first chapter entitled "Take care of beautiful eyes." This is a story about how the captain of the medical service, Armenian Ashkhen Khachaturovna, saved his eye in a Soviet hospital in Vienna. “It is unlikely then that I fully appreciated the feat of this amazing woman, who returned me to the ranks from the flames of war,” the general recalls.
With an enviable feeling of warmth, he describes his relationship with his loving wife, who became a real fighting friend, shared with him the joys and hardships of a harsh army life, created a strong home rear and inspired her husband for military affairs. Many grateful words were expressed by Ivan Nikolayevich to his daughter Antonina, who has been living with care for him in recent years.
In the book, there are more than a dozen names with which the fate of the author of the notes has brought. Therefore, it is fair to say that he created a verbal monument to several generations of people around him, and to those with whom he does not lose touch today.
Really interesting biographical story. I recommend reading.
As for the comments, I will say the following. Without going into details of the shortcomings of this edition, I will note only three of them. The first is that the content of the prologue is nothing but the beginning of an autobiographical narrative and should be its first chapter. After all, the prologue is the introductory part literary work. There are two roles in his book. introductory articles. Secondly, the work of the author is indecently oversaturated with materials from the editor of the publication. And, thirdly, I think that on the back of the cover, instead of the heavy verses placed there, again by the editor and at the same time the designer, it would be necessary to print soul-stirring, charming, lyrical lines about the author of the notes famous poet Fedor Dovzhenko. After all, he has not a poem, but a song. Consider the first lines of it:
Yogo better lita
Splashed the boards of polygons,
I licorice vusta
They burned the winds of the garrisons ...
Initially formed as the Partisan detachment of Ataman Krasilnikov, on November 1, 1918, by order of the commander of the 1st Central Siberian Army Corps, he was deployed into the Separate Partisan Brigade named after Yesaul Krasilnikov (as part of a rifle regiment and a cavalry division). On July 18, 1919, by order of the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, after the inclusion of a special-purpose battalion, the brigade was reorganized into a regular Separate Jaeger Brigade (as part of the 1st and 2nd Jaeger regiments, the Irkutsk cavalry division and the Jaeger artillery division. 1
As for the Irkutsk cavalry division, a description of the features of the uniforms of its ranks is contained in the work of P.A. Novikova: “In Irkutsk, on September 20, 1918, the formation of the 4th Irkutsk Cavalry Brigade began ..., (which) included the Irkutsk Cossack ... and the Irkutsk Hussar ... regiments. The latter inherited red symbols from the 16th Irkutsk Hussar Regiment of the Imperial Army - raspberry epaulettes, a cap band, etc. Due to the small size, the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment was transformed into a cavalry division of the Partisan Brigade named after Yesaul Krasilnikov. The term "Krasilnikov's red hussars" appeared. 2
Participants in a number of special forums 3 question this information, rightly pointing out that the 16th Irkutsk Hussar Regiment of the Russian imperial army had a red instrument cloth. His regimental camp was in Riga (Livland province); thus, there could not be any regimental arsenals in Siberia. A version is expressed that the continuity between these parts was purely conditional - according to the territorial name. Regimental distinctions could be made on the spot from improvised material (so to speak, new traditions were vividly intertwined with the old ones) - thus the red cloth was replaced by crimson. Indirectly, this version is confirmed by a shoulder strap from the times of the Civil War 4 discovered in Irkutsk in the attic of one of the houses: handicraft made of raspberry cloth, with the encryption “I.K.” applied with an indelible pencil. About what is hidden behind these letters, there are different opinions, however, the majority tends to see in them either the "Irkutsk Equestrian" or the "Irkutsk Krasilnikov".
In addition, there is a curious mention of the form of the Irkutsk division, contained in the novel by V.Ya. Notch "Two Worlds". 5 Although this is a work fiction, the personality of the author, who can be regarded as an eyewitness, is noteworthy. Zazubrin served in the army of the Supreme Ruler from the summer of 1919, switched to the Reds in October, and at the end of the year he suffered from typhus. In Kansk, where he was recovering in the house of his future wife, he wrote this novel. In almost every scene where the Irkutsk hussars appear, their unusual headdress in the form of a red cap is emphasized, which served as a special distinction of the unit and the pride of its ranks.
The uniform of the Jaeger regiments is presumably shown in a surviving photograph of one of her enlisted ranks. 6 The signature on the reverse side dates it October 6, 1919 and refers to p. Kolchugino, Kuznetsk district, Tomsk province. On the folding cap ("cap") of the fighter, you can distinguish a two-color ribbon with a dark color up. On shoulder straps there is a two-row encryption: in the upper part there is a twisted letter "E" with a Latin numeral woven into its middle, in the lower part there are two letters "P.P."
This photograph served as the subject of discussion at the Civil War in Siberia forum, where it was suggested that the fighter belonged to the Separate Jaeger Brigade. 7 The ribbon on the cap is regarded as white and green (indicating belonging to the 1st Army (which included the brigade in October 1919), and even earlier - to the 1st Central Siberian Army Corps). The jaeger status of the unit is indicated by the characteristic twisted letter “E”, and the Latin numeral “I I” woven into its middle can mean the number of the regiment in the brigade (similar to the shoulder straps of the Exemplary Jaeger Brigade. The letters “P.P.” are deciphered in different ways, but the most plausible seem "Partisan Regiment" or "Partisan Infantry". Partisan - in memory of the Separate Partisan Brigade, from which the Separate Jaeger Brigade was reorganized. The name "infantry" in relation to the chasseur regiments of the brigade is mentioned by Captain A.V. Shemyakin, who served in it: " At this time, Krasilnikov's detachment was transformed into a regular unit, with the name of his jaeger brigade, and this brigade included two infantry regiments, a cavalry division ..., an artillery division then without guns ... "8
1 Drokov S.V. Admiral Kolchak and the court of history. M., 2009. S. 234; Simonov D.G. White Siberian Army (May-December 1918). Dissertation - Novosibirsk, 2000 - p.117-118 (link to materials: http://kappel.ru/2011/05/01/%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0 %D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA% D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0/
2 Novikov P.A. civil war in Eastern Siberia. M., 2005. S. 108.
5 Miscellaneous editions. Most recent: Zazubrin Vladimir. Two worlds. M., 2008.
6 The photo was put up for auction: http://forums-su.com/viewtopic.php?f=195&t=623160
8 Protocol No. 3 of the survey of Captain Alexander Vasilyevich Shemyakin on February 12, 1920// Drokov A.V. Admiral Kolchak and the court of history. M., 2009. P.234.
Shoulder straps of the ranks of the Jaeger regiments of the Separate Jaeger Brigade of Ataman I.N. Krasilnikova: 1 - officer of the 2nd Jaeger partisan regiment, 2 - private of the 1st Jaeger partisan regiment, 3 - private of the 2nd Jaeger partisan regiment, 4 - private of the Jaeger artillery division.
Shoulder straps of the ranks of the Irkutsk cavalry division of the Separate Jaeger brigade of ataman I.N. Krasilnikov: 1 - officer, 2 - lower ranks. Also here: a genuine epaulette with the code "IK", discovered in Irkutsk (from the collection of I. Butakov) and a modern reconstruction of the epaulette of the Chasseur units of the army of the Supreme Ruler.
Uniforms of the ranks of the Separate Jaeger Brigade of Ataman I.N. Krasilnikova: 1 - officer of the Chasseur Regiment, 2 - private of the Jaeger Regiment (reconstruction from a photograph), 3 - officer of the Irkutsk Cavalry Division, 4 - junior non-commissioned officer of the Irkutsk Cavalry Division (reconstruction according to V. Ya. Zazubrin).
Krasilnikov Ivan Nikolaevich (1888 - 01.1920) Esaul (1917). Military foreman (07/11/1918). Major General (08/17/1919). Ataman of the Cossacks. In the White movement: formed and commanded a detachment of White Cossacks in Omsk, 04.1918-01.1920. For active and decisive actions to liberate Irkutsk from the Bolsheviks, by order of the commander of the Siberian army, General Grishin-Almazov, on July 13, 1918, he was promoted from Yesaul to military foreman. Commander partisan detachment. He contributed to the coup on 11/18/1918 in Omsk and the coming to power of Admiral Kolchak. Commanding a detachment, he carried out punitive raids to suppress pro-Soviet speeches and red partisan detachments in Siberia. He was considered one of the strong-willed and capable commanders. As a rule, commanding small detachments, he almost always achieved success and victories in battles. From 09.1919 commander partisan brigade- "Separate Jäger Brigade of the Siberian Cossack Army" and commander of the Northern Partisan Front in the Yenisei province; 09.1919-01.1920. He died of typhus in Irkutsk.
Used materials of the book: Valery Klaving, The Civil War in Russia: White Armies. Military History Library. M., 2003.
Ivan Nikolaevich Krasilnikov(June 24, 1888, Iletsk - January 4, 1920, Irkutsk) - Yesaul, Major General of the White Army, commander of the 2nd Steppe Siberian Corps, Cossack ataman, Black Hundreds, Kolchak.
Biography
Early years. World War I and injury
Ivan Krasilnikov was born on June 24, 1888 in Iletsk into a family of Siberian Cossacks (the military class of the Orenburg Cossack army). In 1907 he graduated from the Simbirsk (or Siberian) Cadet Corps.
From 1907 Krasilnikov studied at the Alexander Military School in Moscow and graduated from it in 1909 in the second category. Upon graduation, he received the title of cornet.
From August 19, 1911, Ivan Krasilnikov was a junior officer of the 5th hundred of the 1st Siberian Cossack regiment. According to the memoirs of P. N. Krasnov, Krasilnikov during this period was very tall, skinny and with a fair-haired beard. Over the years, he “ate meat” and his growth began to emphasize not thinness, but strength. This was reflected in the evolution of Krasilnikov's nicknames: from the original, ironic, "Ivan and a half" to the late, respectful, "Tsar Berendey" and "Ivan the Great".
At the beginning of the First World War, the centurion Krasilnikov brought from Siberia a replenishment of young Siberian Cossacks in marching order. According to legend, in order to have time to join the Separate Siberian Cossack Brigade, which was going to the front, he led his team through a forced march of more than 3,000 miles during the change of seasons. The replenishment arrived without losses in the human and horse composition, for which Krasilnikov received in October 1914 a commendation "for the excellent performance of the task."
Krasilnikov, as a junior officer of the 4th hundred, was a member of the first major cavalry attack of the Siberian Cossack brigade in the Caucasus - near Ardagan, he was the right hand of Yesaul Vyacheslav Volkov. It was the future ataman Krasilnikov who took the captured regimental banner to Tiflis, where he received an audience with the Caucasian governor, Count Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov.
At the beginning of 1916, near Erzerum, Krasilnikov, already in the rank of Yesaul and as commander of the 5th hundred of the 1st Siberian Cossack regiment, was seriously wounded in the arm and shoulder. The surgeons managed to remove a piece of crushed bone, but left hand Krasilnikov became motionless.
In June 1918, Ivan Krasilnikov became the commander of the White Cossack "partisan" detachment, formed by him in April-May in Omsk. He remained the leader of this detachment until January 1919. On June 17, 1918, Krasilnikov, with his detachment assigned to the Central Siberian Corps of the Siberian Army, leaves for the Mariinsky Front to rise against the Bolsheviks of the Yenisei Cossacks. His unit is widely used "as a highly mobile and strong striking fist".
On June 26, 1918, Krasilnikov's detachment east of Nizhneudinsk (together with other white troops) broke through the quagmire into the trenches of the Soviet units and turned them into a stampede. On July 11, during the days of the anti-Bolshevik uprising in Irkutsk, Krasilnikov was among the first to be in the city, where he managed to seize the station, the building of the theological seminary (anarchist headquarters) and the prison. After that, Krasilnikov with his detachment pushed back the main pro-Bolshevik forces - the Hungarian detachment - across the Angara River.
In the summer, Krasilnikov's detachment actively fought against the "Reds" on the Nizhneudinsky and Lena-Vitimsky (Kirensky) fronts. For success in these battles, Ivan Nikolaevich received the rank of military foreman (July 13, 1918).
On October 18, after the start of a general strike of workers that paralyzed the life of White Siberia, the Directory instructed Krasilnikov to suppress the strike in Omsk. The order of the headquarters of the Siberian army called for "the adoption of the most decisive measures to eliminate the strike, including up to the execution on the spot of agitators and persons actively interfering with the resumption of work." Krasilnikov organized a widespread roundup of workers, cordoning off the workers' settlements of the Atamansky farm of Omsk. Having gathered the workers in the square, he announced his appeal to them, demanding to stop the strike and threatening to be shot. Five active strikers were shot in front of the crowd - among them was the first chairman of the Russian-Polyansky Soviet, RS Rassokhin. On October 20, the workers stopped their strike.
were 30,000 people. A partisan division, a field artillery battery, a cavalry reconnaissance division, and a sapper detachment of demolitionists acted against Krasilnikov. Krasilnikov moved his forces to the "capital" of Shchetinkin - Taseevo, where the headquarters of the 1st partisan (Taseevsky) front was also located along the Usaka River along its western bank with the Czechoslovak hussar regiment attached to it. During the movement and assault, Taseevo suffered heavy losses: the partisans created a whole system of fortifications there, tearing trenches around the village, making blockages of trees around them, throwing harrows turned upside down at the approaches to them. Krasilnikov's attacks were beaten off several times by the Reds, but Krasilnikov knocked Shchetinkin out of there, also inflicting heavy losses on him. Thanks to the actions of Krasilnikov, the group of partisans was divided into 2 parts - northern and southern, the first of which was destroyed by him almost completely with powerful attacks from the east. Made the Great Siberian Ice Campaign. He died of typhus in Irkutsk. The Krasilnikovskaya brigade broke through with the troops of Voitsekhovsky in Transbaikalia, where they continued to fight against the Reds.
