"In war, all means are good."
Based on the works of F.M. Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment and Vasil Bykov's Sotnikov.
Direction "Aims and means".
Often, when discussing the permissibility of any methods, people say the phrase: "In war, all means are good." But is it possible to say so?
The question immediately arises, what kind of war is meant? War in its usual sense - an armed confrontation between states? But war can also be bloodless.
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It is known from history that there was cold war"- a stubborn struggle of ideologies. Therefore, war is a confrontation, a fierce struggle of opponents. That is, all means are good for victory, in other words, the end justifies the means.
Imagine we are asking this question famous writers, one of the most intelligent and educated representatives of society. Of course, they are no longer alive, but they speak to us through their books. F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel "Crime and Punishment" speaks of the fallacy of such statements. It shows the image of a person who believed that the end justifies the means. Rodion Raskolnikov claims that he has the right to kill, since great people stop at nothing to achieve their goal, and he no doubt considers himself to be such great people. But having committed a crime, he retreats from his goal - he hides the stolen goods on the street without touching a penny. He almost hates his mother and sister, who were previously dearly loved, for the sake of which (as he believes) he even goes to murder. In fact, he barely wants to prove to himself that he is not "a trembling creature, but I have the right." Why does he change so much after the murder? In my opinion, his psyche, his soul, was damaged. Rodion, crying in a dream because a horse was killed in his presence, cold-bloodedly kills an old pawnbroker in order to achieve a goal, moreover, he kills her sister just as a witness. By the end of the novel, Raskolnikov already understands the immorality of his goal and turns to God to atone for sins.
The writer Vasil Bykov in the story "Sotnikov" says the same thing as Dostoevsky. Fisherman, main character, lead, passionately wants to survive. He uses any means for this, does not stop at betrayal, or even before knocking the bench out from under the hanged Sotnikov. And what? After everything he has done, he wants to return, fix everything, but there is no turning back. Realizing that everyone turned away from him, Rybak, who committed all the crimes for the sake of own life, wants to interrupt it - hang himself.
Thus, the general thought of the writers can be expressed in the words of Ivan Karamazov: "No human happiness is worth one tear of a child." That is, many writers considered the phrase “In war, all means are good” to be incorrect.
From my small life experience I know that people who have used unworthy means often do not reach the goal, or, having reached it, are tormented by conscience. For example, young women who incline a loved one to destroy the family or betrayal are unhappy in love. I find confirmation of my thoughts in the literature. Katerina, "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District", in order to ensure complete and unbreakable happiness with her beloved, kills innocent people, but her lover leaves for another woman. Katerina from the drama by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" cheated on her husband for the sake of forbidden love, but abandoned by the cowardly Boris, she drowned herself. This series can be continued for a long time, but I will generalize: traitors are not loved either by those who have been betrayed, or by those for whom they have betrayed. The end does not justify the means.
Consequently, the expression "in war, all means are good" is immoral, and it is used in an effort to justify unseemly actions.
Updated: 2017-11-29
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It seems to me, friends, that everything we have already seen performed by Real Madrid and Barcelona in the spring of 2011 was nothing more than a warm-up before the main battles of the year for them. From a draw in the championship, no one felt cold or hot.
Champions League. 1/2 finals. The first match
Judge: Wolfgang Stark (Ergolding, Germany).
Bookmaker quotes: 2.64 – 3.40 – 2.80.
The victory of Madrid in the Cup, of course, amused the vanity of the capital, but nothing more. Cup he is a cup - to him, not only in Spain, the attitude is condescendingly cool.
Whether it's the Champions League. This is where genuine passions and significant fees are. That's where the prestige is! It's probably even good that at first they warmed up at home - now they are guaranteed to "light up" in Europe. There was simply no point in hiding something from each other and normalizing the load. Everything went by the wayside - even the ending. The third round of Clasico is on the agenda. The climax is near...
The coaches of the teams, long-time acquaintances in cooperation with Barça of the last century, were already strong enough not to say nonsense to each other before the last games, but before today's meeting they still could not restrain themselves. And in absentia they exchanged barbs.
Mourinho, in particular, said that his young Catalan colleague is the only specialist of his kind who scolds the judges for the right decisions and caustically reminded the guest how his team overcame Chelsea at one time, and this year - Arsenal. The hint is clear. In both cases, according to the English fans, there were effective referee errors in favor of the Blaugrand. In Barcelona, of course, there is a different opinion on this matter. However, Jose is not interested in it.
Guardiola also did not get into his pocket for a word. “In this room, he’s the damn boss, the damn master,” the guest coach irritably threw in the press center of the Santiago Bernabeu stadium. And I'm not going to compete with him in this. But as soon as he allows himself to address me familiarly, well, then I will do the same.
Cristiano Ronaldo and Marcelo are preparing for the battle with Barcelona
It was evident from the excited state of the Catalan that Mourinho's remarks had achieved their goal. Perhaps this is what the cunning Jose wanted - to sow nervousness in the enemy camp. We already know: in war, all means are good ...
Although, to be honest, I doubt that Barça's leaders can be pissed off with such things - tea, not the first time in Clasico. Much more guests are concerned about personnel problems. Here they are just at the "Blaugran" are really big. Guardiola must have already forgotten those blessed times when he had no problems in defense. Now they are chasing him literally on the heels. Didn't have time to recover Carles Puyol how a tumor in the liver was found in Erica Abidal. Recovered long-suffering Gabriel Milito- broke Adriano. Remains out of the game Maxwell. And this means that in Madrid the Barca coach will again have to sculpt the defense “from what was.” He doesn't have much. Puyol is likely to move to the left, and his place in the center will be taken by a nominal defensive midfielder Javier Mascherano.
Guardiola is even more worried about injury Iniesta. Damage to the calf muscle, apparently, will not allow Andres to go to the Bernabeu lawn. Consequently, Pep will also have to rebuild the attack group. This is already more serious.
Mourinho also has losses - moreover, approximately equivalent to the Catalan ones. Disqualification left stopper out of work Ricardo Carvalho, injury - central midfielder Sami Khediru. But Jose, unlike the enemy, has a significant replenishment. The championship game with Valencia, in fact, was “made” by two people - Kaka And Gonzalo Higuain. The Brazilian scored four points in the "goal + pass" system, the Argentine - five! And this extravaganza ended with a score of 6:3 in favor of Real Madrid. Meanwhile, neither one nor the other has played with Barcelona this year. With such a “golden reserve”, Mourinho can look to the future with optimism. And even make jokes about the opponent ...
Statistics also speak in favor of the hosts. Twice the Spanish giants faced off in the European semi-finals, in 1960 and 2002, and both confrontations ended in favor of Madrid. Real Madrid, in the end, took the main trophy to their hands: in the first case, the Champions Cup, in the second, the Champions League.
If Real Madrid does the same, Mourinho will become the first manager in the world to win the Champions League with three different teams. Guardiola, as you understand, will try to prevent this. Trying very hard...
Can it be argued that in war all means are good?
War is a difficult test for people, when they are forced to choose between good and evil, loyalty and betrayal at the borderline moments ... It is difficult to understand what determines the means of achieving goals (especially in wartime, when the line between life and death becomes barely perceptible). Someone is guided by personal interests, others - by eternal, enduring values. It is important that the chosen means do not diverge from moral convictions, but, unfortunately, sometimes a person’s actions go beyond the generally accepted norms.
We find confirmation of this on the pages of Russian literature. Let us recall, for example, M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man”, which shows the story of a man who managed to preserve his human dignity, a living soul, capable of responding to the pain of those around him. Did Andrey Sokolov, the protagonist of the story, always choose a worthy means to achieve his goals? He is the defender of the country, it is important for him to stop the enemy, and therefore he honestly serves without hiding behind the backs of his comrades. But Sokolov is forced to kill a man. Many will say: “War - someone kills someone. That is the law. There's nothing to worry about." Maybe so, only he kills his own, a traitor. It would seem that the end justifies the means, but a drama is played out in the hero’s soul: “For the first time in his life he killed, and then his own ... But what is he like his own? He's worse than someone else's, a traitor."
This internal monologue of Sokolov testifies that for him murder as a means of achieving even a noble goal (saving the life of the captain) is immoral. Andrei agrees to this because he sees no other way to solve this difficult task.
Classical literature, being a vivid example of moral values, also shows cases when insignificant means of achieving goals deserve condemnation. Let us turn to V. G. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember”. The very title of the work, like an alarm, sounds like a warning spell in the heart of the reader: to live and remember. What can't be forgotten? About the war that crippled the fate of people?! About those who, by their actions, deeds, destroyed the lives of loved ones or tarnished military honor?!
It would seem that the usual desire of a soldier after being wounded and treated in the hospital to be in native village, feel the warmth and care of his wife, parents. There is nothing reprehensible in this, because this is not murder, not theft ... But, having chosen the path of desertion, Andrei Guskov makes his wife Nastya lie, hide from fellow villagers. This road turned out to be unbearable and disastrous not only for her, but also for Guskov. Hiding from everyone, he turns into a driven animal, living by the instinct of self-preservation, unable to understand Nastya's pain, her anxiety about their unborn child. He does not give in to his wife's exhortations to repent and surrender, but only accuses her of wanting to get rid of him. The condemning looks of fellow villagers, the reproaches of her husband's parents, the inability to rejoice at the end of the war, the constant feeling of guilt in front of those who bring the funeral, make Nastya's life unbearable. But she, like a devoted wife, steadfastly endures all hardships. Maybe Andrew should remember this? Probably not only that.
The scene of the death of the heroine is terrible: she sacrifices herself and the life of an unborn child for the sake of saving her husband, she rushes into the Angara. Who is to blame for these deaths? Life? War? Andrey Guskov?
A person, having decided to desert, could not preserve the main thing in himself - a sense of human dignity. He doomed his beloved wife and the long-awaited (never born) child to death, which, perhaps, became for Nastya a kind of deliverance from the difficult trials that fell to her lot. This is exactly what you need to remember: you, Andrey Guskov, are guilty of the suffering and death of loved ones, you are doomed to loneliness and condemnation, because the means you have chosen cannot be justified by anything.
Returning to the question “Is it possible to say that in war all means are good”, I come to the conclusion that often in the dilemma “life and death” we do not think about how and what we do. This is wrong, although none of us is immune from mistakes. We must remember: this is a time of peace or war, we are people and we must try to preserve our soul, which means that we should treat with special responsibility the means we choose to achieve the goal.
595 words
Composition sent by Vanyusha
End justifies the means
End justifies the means
From Latin: Finis sanctificat media (finis sanctificat media).
It is traditionally accepted that these words belong to the famous Italian thinker, historian and statesman Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), author of the well-known treatises The Sovereign and Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius. But this is a mistake - there is no such expression in the creative heritage of this outstanding political scientist of the Middle Ages.
In fact, this saying belongs to the Jesuit Eekobar and is the motto of the Jesuit order and, accordingly, the basis of their morality (see: Velikovich L. N. The Black Guard of the Vatican. M., 1985).
Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M.: "Lokid-Press". Vadim Serov. 2003 .
End justifies the means
The idea of this expression, which is the basis of the morality of the Jesuits, was borrowed by them from the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), who in his book On the Citizen (1642) wrote: Since it is useless for someone who is denied the right to use the necessary means, and the right to strive for the goal, it follows that since everyone has the right to self-preservation, then everyone has the right to use all means and perform any deed, without which he is not able to protect myself". The Jesuit Father Herman Buzenbaum in his essay "Fundamentals of Moral Theology" (1645) wrote: " To whom the end is permitted, the means are also permitted.".
Dictionary of winged words. Plutex. 2004
See what "The end justifies the means" is in other dictionaries:
- "The end justifies the means" catchphrase originally by Niccolò Machiavelli Il fine giustifica i mezzi. This expression is found in a number of authors: The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588 1679) The German theologian Hermann ... Wikipedia
Adverb, number of synonyms: 3 the game is worth the candle (6) the game is worth the candle (6) ... Synonym dictionary
End justifies the means- wing. sl. The idea of this expression, which is the basis of the morality of the Jesuits, was borrowed by them from the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588 1679), who wrote in the book “On the Citizen” (1642): “Since the one who is denied the right to apply the necessary ... ... Universal optional practical Dictionary I. Mostitsky
end justifies the means- about the justification of immoral ways to achieve goals. Tracing paper from Italian. Authorship is attributed to the writer and politician of Italy N. Machiavelli. This idea was expressed by him in the essay "The Sovereign" (1532). Similar thoughts are... Phraseology Handbook
Razg. On the justification of immoral ways to achieve goals. BMS 1998, 612 ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings
The problem expressed in the well-known maxim "The end justifies the means" and is associated with the value aspect of the relationship between C. and S. and, accordingly, with the choice and evaluation of means in expedient activity. Regarding the solution to this problem in the popular ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
The goal is an image of the desired future, the ideal result that political subjects strive for, which is the motive for activity. The goal in politics, in addition to motivational, also fulfills organizational, mobilization ... ... Political science. Dictionary.
Wed There are many means to get rid of it... The goal sanctifies the means... Our Brotherhood allows Us in cases like this To resort to a dagger or poison. Gr. A. Tolstoy. Don Juan. 1. Wed. Some Jesuits say that every remedy is good, as long as ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary
Adverb, number of synonyms: 3 the game is not worth the candle (11) inappropriate (14) ... Synonym dictionary
One of the elements of behavior and consciousness. human activity, which characterizes the anticipation in thinking of the result of the activity and the way of its implementation with the help of the definition. funds. C. acts as a way of integrating various actions ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
Books
- The end justifies the means, Eugene Monakh. The end justifies the means - the leader believes criminal group Monk. And if so, then any methods are good. Including the dirtiest - murder, bribery, blackmail. Monk's competitors...
In this war, the rivalry of the clans became especially acute. The appearance of fighting clans, their prestige, and, especially, their control over the territories have led to the fact that the clans are ready to wrest victory from each other at a high price. But at what cost?
Someone takes organization and coherence, intra-clan work and strengthening morale. And someone...
Today, members of the Elfius and Titan clans will be subjected to our own investigation!
At the beginning of the war, the Far Far Away Kingdom and the Horde fought for leadership in the clan standings. But then the Titans unexpectedly overtook and overtook all the clan, and now they are increasing their advantage. And Elfius is not far behind. What is the secret of their success? In coordinated work? But with an equal number, it is extremely difficult to win back 10 million from the Horde and Far Away in a few days, and in the same Far Away and the Horde, the organization is also not lame. Both in Elphius and in the Titans, they found a way out - to bypass the rules set for BC. Why fight on equal terms when these conditions can be improved!
The principle works simply - "mercenaries" are accepted. After 7 battles, on the same day, the "mercenaries" are immediately expelled and others are taken in, and so on. That is, with the number of clans at each moment of time being the same 250 people, up to 300 people can fight for the clan per day!
That is, the overlap over other clans is about 10-20%. (Titans for 2.5 last days- 27 "receptions-deductions", and the elfius has about 130!). And sometimes this advantage is enough to snatch victory for a sector on the flag, for each of which all clans throw their best forces!
I know people who did not sleep at night, sitting in the world or Skype, spending their energy on organizing in order to capture and hold sectors in an incredible struggle. And sometimes they lacked quite a bit!
Yes, in other clans, the process of expelling old clanmates and accepting new ones is also underway, but this is a work routine, and not a planned, purposeful policy. Yes, and they try to take on a permanent basis, for a long time - and not for one day.
And others simply throw away a lot of money, creating an advantage of a different kind! What do you feel sorry for other people's money? Are you jealous? - say in these clans. We have found a way that no one has forbidden to gain an advantage over others - and, perhaps, they will be right in their own way.
Perhaps this is not a violation in the letter, but in spirit? Is it in the spirit of a fair fight? We do not know - and let the readers express their opinion with their comments!
When fighting clans appeared, the administration clearly spelled out the condition - 250 people in a fighting clan. For what? Obviously - to create equal conditions for the clans in the struggle for the palm, so that the most organized and friendly clan can win this struggle. The clan where each person could show their best qualities in the team.
But, apparently, many, having found a loophole, decided to use it. And many said - no, we want to fight honestly. And they did not start to drive "pseudo-mercenaries" into the clan in order to achieve an advantage over others, which, in fact, should not be!
Is this a violation? From a fair play point of view, no doubt! From the point of view of the laws of the GVD, it is debatable, since the charter for military clans contains only the final limit on the number of clans. And what principles of playing the game to adhere to is already the business of each clan and its head personally.
And what do members and heads of other martial clans think about this problem? What do you think - does the strategy with an invitation for several hours to the clan of "mercenaries" have the right to life? I would like to emphasize once again that the editors expressed their opinion, based on the ethics of the world of the GVD, and having talked with the heads and members of several clans. The editorial board does not pretend to be a judge and the ultimate truth, and even more so does not want to pronounce a guilty verdict!
Dear players - members and heads of other military clans, do not stand aside, speak out on the pages of our newspaper!
One of the members of the clan Elfius (Skilord) decided to express his opinion on the above. We also give the opinion of the Titans clan.
Opinion Skilord (Elfius).
In my response to the article "All means are good in war", I would like to show arguments in opposition to what was said in it.
I will make a reservation right away that I am for the prohibition of rotation, because this is not correct in principle. But…
I was confused by the naming of the victory of the clans who made the rotation - dishonest. The rules of war were set by the administrators:
1. Limitation of 250 people - at the same time.
2. 4500 - for accepting a new clan member.
3. 7 battles of one clan member.
4. Points are credited for battles fought under the sign of the clan!
Not a single rule was violated during the war, rotations were not prohibited. Some clans have decided to use this opportunity to achieve their goals. After all, the end justifies the means. And this technique is no worse than the method of gathering people of 13+ lvl into a clan, for example.
Saying rotation is a bug. A priori incorrect. We do not have a battle of psychics, and we do not know what the admins are up to. Yes, rotation is an oversight of this war, but to say that this is not honest is not correct. Everything was within the rules and assumptions.
I will also add. Rotation was and is available to all clans. If you do not like the method, then do not talk about its dishonesty. It's like saying we don't like crowds high level, let's limit the number of highs in clans.
The opinion of the Titans clan.
In the last few days, there have been a lot of inductions in the Titans clan and a lot of exclusions from the clan. Let me explain what it is.
It's simple - people were excluded by activity and level, so that instead of them they would come, those who could bring more points to the clan. Regarding the "rotations" there were 4 entrances and exits of their own free will and initiative, the rest, excuse me, is far-fetched.
