Chapters from the book "Vologda and Vologda"
Coming from Vologda to Moscow, I can't get used to the Moscow dialect. Especially, it seems to me, the metropolitan ladies speak in a mannered way. They even had some kind of English accent, like foreign women.
I will not say anything bad about the whole Moscow speech. She is beautiful in her own way. Previously, its guardians and zealots were the actors of the Maly Theater, it was they who spoke purely "in a mask way", kept the brand. But who listens to them, speech legislators today? last defense on the Theater Square of the capital with the order: "Do not give up alive!"
Our Vologda speech is perceived by ear much more melodious and simpler than Moscow. It sounds more natural and louder, I would say even more natural.
Previously, as they thought: round off, pronounce the “o” more clearly - here’s the Vologda conversation for you:
When I hear a familiar saying:
“Our Vologda is a good town!” -
Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov in this verse smiled in happy innocence, but still compared well:
Like a breeze blows the heart
Warm, clean, coniferous breeze.
The people of Vladimir and the Volga are even more zealous for us. We just don’t cleanly stare, we don’t press this sound, but in our speech ... we sing. We build a sentence like this, pronounce it like that, as if we are asking for something all the time, rearranging the phonetic stresses in violation of grammar to the last syllables, even adding -ё for sonority at the end: “Hello! How do you live? Why do you distort the language? But this is no longer Vologda city speech, but our village speech.
For the sake of this melody, going up, stretching the sounds towards the end of the sentence, we even swallow vowels, we don’t pronounce: the Vologda person does not grumble, but amuses the soul with his speech.
This feature was first noticed by Professor Stepan Petrovich Shevyrev, who visited Vologda in July 1847 on the way to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. “A remarkable feature of the Vologda residents,” he wrote, “especially of the lower class, is also their reprimand, which is distinguished by some strange melodiousness, which they often sacrifice correct pronunciation words. It is necessary to listen especially to how women and children speak. I often listened to the conversation of some gossips and the cry of street boys. At first glance, you might think that they speak some special dialect.
This melody northern language not lengthy and not boring. She is not held back by distance. Yes, yes, the music of the Vologda dialect was born both from our character and from the geography of our land. Got a little bit of everything. Northerners are Finns and Karelians, as they say? Slowly, thoughtfully, in an hour, words are dropped by a teaspoon. They lived and live for themselves in forests, swamps, there is no need to either vote or part. "Yakko, how are you?" An hour later, he will answer with a question: “I haven’t heard you for a long time, Antti.”
We, Vologda people, are people of light, lake valleys, river mouths. We have a faster, more active life. We do not call to each other through forests and swamps, but live from time immemorial together, side by side. Therefore, our speech is fast, meaningful, sonorous, like the subtle clatter of juniper bobbins. It is so dense in sounds that it is perceived as a complete piece of music. Two women from Vologda are standing at the crossroads, talking, jingling their tongues, singing with their throats, clicking out words, and, in general, if you quickly write down with musical signs, you get two melodies. But even they will not “grab” all the fullness, all the polyphony, all the overflows and undertones of the Vologda speech: fix the song of the May nightingale with notes, what will happen?
Olga Alexandrovna Fokina, the natural and literary keeper of both our speech and its melodics, can sometimes give out such an overflowing-pereschelk that you can hear directly:
From Zachidenets to Chodu
Overshoots wonder.
Al on Chod is more than honey,
More will?
Nothing!
How many other sounds do we have? Overflowing sea!
But the melody of speech is one of constituent parts our speech. And you can moo beautifully. Musicality is simply the first thing that catches the eye, in this case, the ears. Whoever comes to Vologda for the first time, sometimes does not understand what his interlocutor, a Vologda resident, is talking about. Again, due to the confluence of the flow of speech. And the village people are just like foreigners for him! .. Or he himself, like a foreigner.
Valery Alexandrovich Gavrilin absorbed this subtle musical structure of speech for life in his work, who once said: “My love for singing comes from the village, Everything that concerned deep and serious feelings poured out in singing in the village. And only the frivolous - all sorts of dancing there, calling cows, etc. was accompanied by chamber-instrumental music. There were no orchestras, of course. The observation is very important for our topic: the highest, processed, purified, developed in creativity was born from the chamber, simple, “frivolous”, up to the shepherd's cries in the street.
In the works of Valery Gavrilin, for the first time, our musical speech sounded, sang, rang, breathed, even cried and laughed. If you turn on his waltzes, songs, symphonies in a car on the way to Vozdvizhenye, to Perkhurevo, to the composer’s native places, then the melodies with all their musical structure, allegro, piano, miraculously, simply incredibly, will coincide with the surrounding landscapes, distances, gray villages , where the same music sounds in the speech of the inhabitants, as it is heard in the drizzling rain, and in the wind that has flown, and in the sun breaking through the clouds. “For me, everything in life is music,” the composer expressing his innermost. “The movements of the human soul, desires, memory, hands, bodies, deeds are all music, good or bad.”
How lucky we Vologda residents were with Gavrilin! He processed and sang our dialect, the whole structure of our speech, and from now on, whether we speak like that, sing like that, or we don’t, the Vologda word, in all its fullness, in the richness of shades, meanings, is forever inscribed with musical notation, glorified in the world musical culture. I will also say the opposite - it was Valery Alexandrovich who was lucky, all the departing, melting like frost before our eyes, fragile music of the Vologda speech, all its gentle melody, sad penetratingness, quiet melodiousness could not help but lead to his appearance in art.
And here it is impossible not to bow to the second miracle worker. Valery Gavrilin also lovingly said about Vasily Ivanovich Belov: “His main strength is in the sense of the word, in the sound of the word, in the pace of phrases, sentences, in their combination, in the alternation of words in color, etc. It is from here, and so, that it grows literary image his creations."
It must be the same, a writer with such an ideal ear for music was born! .. Both in life and on paper: “Parme-en? Where is my Parmenko? And here he is, Parmenko. Frozen? Freeze, boy, freeze. You are a fool, Parmeno. My Parmenko is silent. Here, let's go home. Do you want to go home? You are Parmen, Parmen….” In order to write down these “visible” words, you need to hear them, and you can only hear them who knows them, and knows because he loves them, he himself says so, and therefore hears.
The literary phrase of Vasily Ivanovich is both light and strong, sonorous and deaf, beautiful and unsophisticated, deep and in full view. He writes simply, briefly and clearly. And here is a miracle: it is difficult to read, wise and .... still clear and understandable. In his word, a grain is hidden with a sticky satiety of the richness of speech; if it falls into the soil from the ear of a book, it will sprout by itself, give its ear with the same grains. The books of Vasily Belov are a clearing in the linguistic wealth of the national language, where everything is well-groomed, there is not a single speck.
Vologda residents can still sleep peacefully. Their language is both in notes and in texts. In music and literature, in verse by Fokina and Rubtsov. Their lexicon in dictionaries. And although he is locked up there, he is not in a dungeon, but in a room.
I am talking to a young Vologda writer:
- I have a holiday today. Bought something that should be under the pillow of every writer. Guess what?
- Well I do not know…
What can't you live without?
- Hard to say.
- What is hope and support for you? ..
- Do not languish, speak!
And I bought it, with great difficulty I got the Dictionary of the Regional Vologda Dialect. According to the manuscript of P.A. Dilaktorsky 1902. For more than a hundred years, this precious word-keeper, in one copy, lay on a dark archival shelf, of no interest to anyone. There were good Russian people who did not let paper with ink text crumble to dust, opened the chest, took out verbal pearls and linguistic gems, shook them off the age-old dust, and decorated with them a published book of almost 700 pages. The dictionary worked on (I will list everyone by name!) A.I. Levichkin, S.A. Myznikov, A.A. Burykin, V.O. Petrunin, T.M. Dvinyatina, S.V. .Myznikova, O.V. Glebova and F.P. Sorokoletov, published in the St. Petersburg publishing company "Nauka" Russian Academy Sciences in 2006 with a circulation of 1500 copies.
I look at it, I don’t look, I don’t read. Just like Olga Alexandrovna Fokina:
I don't let him out of my hands
I talk to him all night long.
Before that, the talker is basking -
Straight to the heart caresses and clings!
I open randomly any page:
“Holoshtannik, Goloshtanny (Kadnikovsky, Gryazovetsky, Vologda, Totemsky, V-Ustyugsky counties). Beggar, poor, naked. Hey you, naked Khariton, when will you buy pants? (Bazhenov). Hey, goloshtannik, take a pretty penny.
And in Vologda, I remember this apt word from childhood. The beggars and the poor, despite the general poverty, were no longer there, the social connotation was gone, but the good-natured meaning of the word remained: So not dressed.
Bazhenov, to whom the Dictionary gives a footnote, is P.A. Bazhenov, the compiler of another “Collection of regional words of the Vologda province”, stored in manuscript at the Academy of Sciences. How many treasures!
“Everyday (Velsky, Kadnikovsky, Vologda, Gryazovetsky counties). Daily. I'm already tired, because every day he goes to ask.
A typical Vologda abbreviated word. Grandmother Ekaterina Alexandrovna used to say: “I remember you every day.”
“Kobenitsya (Kadnikovsky, Vologda, Velsky counties). bend, bend, bend and figurative meaning: to be proud, to be proud. It’s full of kobenitsya, you’ll just curl up with something. (Priest Popov)”.
I also know this word in the following meaning: to break out, to build out of myself: “What are you doing, huh?”
Priest N. Popov is another of the disinterested collectors of the Vologda word, the author of the manuscript “Words used by the inhabitants of the Vologda province. Kadnikovsky district.
Another word for the letter "k":
“Paint (Nikolsky, Ust-Sysolsky, Yarensky, V-Ustyugsky, Totemsky counties). Blood. I drove him into the paint (that is, blushed with shame). (Protopopov). So you rubbed the paint into my face that I, out of shame, did not know where to go. (Priest Popov)”.
A foreigner will not understand these phrases, but they are dear to us. In vain, a Russian person did not want to call blood blood, too visibly, rudely, repulsively materially, and softened his speech with a shade: paint - red - the color of blood. It is clear to everyone.
A. Protopopov published in St. Petersburg in 1853 "Collection of words selected from archival Yaren columns of the 16th-17th centuries."
Lopoukh (Vologda district). Fool, fool, onlooker. (Ivanitsky - hand.) ".
"Hey, you burdock!" - today they scold, hiding behind the name of a harmless plant. “Lopo-ear” is another: “Your ears (ears) are like burdocks, big.”
N.A.Ivanitsky is a famous Vologda ethnographer and folklorist. In this case, we are talking about the manuscript compiled under his leadership, "Materials for the dictionary of the Vologda folk dialect (1883-1889)".
I remembered one thing and went back in the Dictionary:
“For nothing 1. (Everywhere). Free, same as free. 2. (Everywhere). Although, let, let. - Look, it's falling off! - Well, for free! For nothing, that the child, but understands. (Ivanitsky - hand.). For nothing, and not painfully smart, I’ll go (Priest Popov). Kind, brother, he is a man, for nothing, that he looks gloomy. (Priest Popov). For nothing, for nothing, dear drunkard, / I myself am not a beauty ... (Song).
This word "for nothing" is very northern, Vologda. Rather, it is a saying (see Dictionary examples). For nothing, that she is well known to us Vologda residents, there is no need to explain her, but the fact that she is known in Siberia, and not just anywhere, but on the Indigirka River in the village of Russkoe Ustye, this is wonderful.
Behind the word there should be a distance - historical, national-ethnic, genetic according to the person who owns it. But here the distance in its direct meaning is six thousand miles from Vologda to Indigirka, not a joke! Not by itself, but in the mouths of those who knew him, loved and remembered him.
One of the old Vologda ethnographic collections published a review of the first book about the Russian Ustye, written by V.N. Zenzinov, “Ancient people by the cold ocean. Russian Mouth of the Yakutsk Region of the Verkhoyansk Okrug”, published in Moscow in 1914, where I read: “The fact that these “old people” are northerners by origin is proved by their language, which has preserved expressions and words peculiar to the northeastern strip of Russia. Where does it say “to ripen” in the sense of “get it”, “scarp” in the sense of “ear”, “lyva” in the sense of “puddle”, “yaksha” in the sense of “dirt, swamp”, “rope” in the sense of “hill”, “ on the aisle" in the sense of "through" "on the span"? All these are words of the Northern Russian dialect. And “be silent” instead of “be silent” - isn't it a northern word? And what about the clattering characteristic of northerners? And purely northern forms: “autumn”, “sleeping”, “night”, “zavse” and the expression “for nothing” in the sense of “it doesn’t matter”, which is extremely characteristic of the north and, in particular, for the Vologda province, - where did all these words come from , how they skidded from our north? Obviously, the first deportees from Russia were residents of the Vologda Territory.
And indeed, all listed in the review of Vl. Trapeznikov's words can be found in our Dictionary (except for "yaksha"). Even to clarify their meanings, forgotten by this author: “to ripen” - “to do”, “rope” - and “dry elevated place”, and “matting, which covers the goods on the road”, “stretch” - “last year”, etc. .d.
Valentin Grigoryevich Rasputin, in his excellent essay "Russian Mouth", suggested that the local residents, who have preserved four hundred years of customs, customs and, most importantly, language, come from Kubena and Sukhona, but when I saw in his book "Siberia, Siberia ... "a photograph of a boat from Indigirka, the oarlocks of which are exactly like those of our Cubans, then I no longer had any doubts: these are ours, Vologda. This is where the native word, our speech, has brought! And how they are there, in the midst of a foreign-speaking environment, wild nature, on permafrost, hold on tight! God Himself told us to protect and preserve them.
But back to reading the Dictionary. On the next word, as the poet said, “I want to focus”:
“Pazgat 1. (Vologda, Gryazovetsky, Kadnikovsky, Totemsky, Nikolsky, V.-Ustyug counties). Something hastily work, perform. In this way, he spazed herbs, a whole motley (Muromtsev). 2. (Everywhere). Beat, beat, punish. He began to puzzle him (Ivanitsky - hand.). 3. (Everywhere). Tearing, spoiling, destroying, more often "spoiling". Spazgal caftan-from (Ivanitsky - hand.). 4. (Everywhere). Hurry to run away. How a gelding walks across the field (Pauli). 5. (Everywhere). Burn strongly. Look how he taught the stump (Pauli) to puzzle.
Many Russian surnames are known to have originated from nicknames. There are plenty of examples for that. But to our governor, Vyacheslav Evgenievich Pozgalev, who is purely from Vologda, all these meanings of the word “puzzle” are not very suitable: he doesn’t work “hurriedly”, he doesn’t like to punish, he doesn’t “tear” and doesn’t “spoil” anything special, he doesn’t "runs away", does not "burn" ... The surname passed to him from an ancient peasant family, but, after all, genetically he must also inherit some qualities of his ancestors. The Dictionary does not contain the meaning of this word, which I have been accustomed to since childhood: for us, “puzzle” meant “pretend to be a vicey”, do not flog, do not beat seriously. For the human and service career of V.E. Pozgalev, this meaning is more suitable, although he probably wants to fool someone to the fullest, but it’s impossible.
I will also decipher that I. Muromtsev in the Dictionary article is another collector of Vologda dialects, and Pauli (initials unknown) is the Nikolsky correspondent of P.A. Dilaktorsky.
If we are already talking about nicknames and surnames, then I will remember a typical Vologda word, which, of course, is also in the Dictionary:
“Warzat (Everywhere). To mischief, to play pranks, to misbehave, to fool, to spoil. (Zyryanskoe varzalny). You navarzal, so you answer (Popov)."
From here came close words: varza, varzun, varzunya. And the name of my childhood friend Yura Varzin. Popular Vologda surname.
By this word, one can clearly see that our language is basically good, and language is the character of the people. “Warzat” for me is a troublesome smoke, but with one connotation: to play pranks, knowing that you will be forgiven. Such is the subtlety, but very important!
In the Dictionary there is a huge wealth of linguistic colors, modulations, and shades that we still have not fully appreciated. 16 thousand words. It contains our history, the spiritual world, morality, morality, all life, poetry, music. This is Dahl's Vologda Dictionary, one of the most important books in the region, if not the most important. And this is from now on and for posterity - the Dictionary of Dilaktorsky.
Who was Prokopy Alexandrovich Dilaktorsky? The memory of him is alive, he is well known to both the Vologda intelligentsia and students. He was born on October 15, 1868 (according to other sources, in 1862) in Kadnikovo in a noble, completely impoverished family. He suffered from epilepsy since childhood. From a young age I became interested in ethnography. He worked in Kadnikovo and in Vologda. In 1900, he published a bibliographic dictionary “Vologda writers”, in which you can find articles about 130 writers (“writing” P.A. Dilaktorsky understood widely - here both journalists and publicists, everyone who knew how to write correctly, and who published) .
In 1902, Prokopy Aleksandrovich founded a public library in Vologda. He worked on the reference book "Experience of an index of literature in the northern region from 1766 to 1904", published after his death. Like all educators-ascetics, P.A.Dilaktorsky suffered hardships all his life, experienced lack of money. In St. Petersburg, where he moved from Vologda, he was even forced to work as a scribe in a savings and loan bank.
Next, I will quote curriculum vitae from the Dictionary: “The study of local customs and dialects was another area of scientific interests of P.A. Dilaktorsky. He devoted several articles to this topic, published in Moscow and St. Petersburg periodicals, which attracted the attention of A.A. Shakhmatov to the Vologda local historian. Dilaktorsky was entrusted with compiling a dictionary of dialects of the Vologda province. Carefully carried out taking into account the recommendations of the academician, this work brought Dilaktorsky closer to Shakhmatov.
Prokopy Alexandrovich died on December 10, 1910 from a cold. Buried at Volkovo Cemetery.
This year marks one hundred years since the death of the outstanding Vologda scientist. It would be good for all of us to remember P.A. Dilaktorsky with a kind word.
Other nations know and love the creators of their dictionaries. The Yakuts downright idolize the exiled Pole Eduard Pekarsky, who compiled the Dictionary of the Yakut Language. Every Armenian family has a dictionary Armenian language. Russians are proud of Vladimir Dahl's Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. For any nation, an explanatory dictionary is its face in the history of world civilization. In this glorious series, the “Dictionary of the regional Vologda dialect in its everyday and ethnographic use, which was collected on the spot and compiled by Procopius of Dilaktorsky” should not be lost.
The followers of the glorious philologist (and he did not even have a secondary education, he was a folk nugget) are now working at the VSPU, where the Dictionary of Vologda Dialects is published. Since 1983, twelve editions of this textbook on Russian dialectology have been published. The card index of the dictionary consists of more than 150 thousand quote cards. Each word was found, recorded, that is, written down in its explanatory meaning and brought from numerous dialectological expeditions to the villages and villages of the region by students of the VSPU under the guidance of T.G. Panikarovskaya and L.Yu. Zorina.
In 2008, the VSPU published a collection of the most interesting scientific papers“Dialects of the Vologda Territory: Aspects of Study” (responsible editor L.Yu. Zorina), which is based on the materials of the “Dictionary of Vologda dialects”. The "Texts" section contains records of dialect speech in different districts of the Vologda Oblast.
I don't know if there are those in the regional capital today who could complete this section, who are still able to speak Vologda. The townspeople themselves today at the exhibitions of paintings by Gianna Tutunjan in her cycle "Conversations" read how the people still speak.
Compassionate out of habit, sighing on featherbeds, basking on couches, we did not even notice how a virus had entered our tongue, eating our word, coarsening our speech, obscuring its meaning. The language of the townspeople is noticeably leveling out, becoming less and less Vologda. Our speaking, as the Pomors call it, is really preserved only in distant villages and villages - the vocabulary granaries of the Vologda land. Vologda city dwellers sowed in the potholes of the asphalt many words and expressions that were previously understandable and familiar to them.
“The main trouble in modern Russian speech,” shares his observations, the head of the Russian language department of the VSPU Gury Vasilievich Sudakov, “is a low culture of communication. The problem is not in the shortcomings of the language, but in the low everyday culture of behavior. The main danger is aggressiveness in speech behavior. According to the professor, such aggressiveness is born from social insecurity, or rather, it subconsciously breaks through. An uncertain position in life does not add respect for oneself and for the people around. A person is alienated from everyone, and this affects his behavior and, last but not least, the language of communication. Why should he good word? The word of a modern city dweller is evil, hard, angry. It is littered with foreign sayings, perceived as the ideal of a well-fed and prosperous life, Russian obscenity as an emotional outburst of emotions, slang, criminal jargon, sitting in the subconscious, as opposing oneself to society, as a manifestation of independence and freedom from all jaded modern duties. Language is a cast from modern mindsets and psychological motivations for work, for family life, to his career.
But here's what's interesting: even successful people, as they say today, are in no hurry to part with linguistic vices. They themselves are not carriers of correct speech. This means that the cause of verbal and linguistic illiteracy is not inside, but outside, in external factors. GV Sudakov points here to the role of the family, the book, the Russian media (absolutely useless!), suggesting even the utopian TV project "Stars and the Russian Language". I mean famous showmen. Release them, like Zverev, on the screen with their "Russian language", there will be a transfer more abruptly than a report from the zoo.
Previously, at least they cared about the purity of speech. The announcers spoke correctly, for any inaccurate stress they lost their progressives. Book proofreaders, following the editors, cleaned up, simply licked the texts from the point of view of literacy. There was an elementary meaning in the words of my favorite songs. In films and on television, they did not swear. If today everything the opposite is allowed, then why not try it?! This is how young people talk.
It seems to me that the Newspeak wedge must be beaten out not by prohibitions or convictions, not by morality, but by the same wedge. In Vologda, you have to go to the drain with a drain. All this sterile language talk of the local prime radio stations, all these idlers must be countered with our understandable, clear, strict speech on the same medium wave. Only in Vologda. First they will laugh, then they will listen, and then they will like it. Out of habit, they groan, and then they themselves groan.
In Europe, they do this, protecting their languages, even dialects. And in Germany, and in France (especially), and in Spain, radio stations are successfully operating, the press is published in local dialects and dialects. Their disappearance, and this smart people understand how the drying up of small rivers (it is not for nothing that in Russian speech and the word river are of the same root), feeding large reservoirs, which themselves will quickly become shallow.
As long as our natural speech, its entire root structure is alive, has not faded away and has not wilted, then it is worth a try. Nothing can be artificially restored. Fashion can only be cool, and the language can only be native and foreign. If you don’t want to, if you don’t know how to speak English, you’re too lazy to learn, then speak Vologotsk. In vain that they forgot, another row, clatter!
The dialect of the inhabitants of the provinces of the Vologda region. Totemsky district, villages: Varnavino, Pozharische, Kharino, Chupino, Mulino ...
.Andeltsy- angel (of a child). Anucha- footcloth. grandmothers- toys. Basco, peplum- beautiful, beautiful. Batog- stick. Bayat- speak. Bozhatka - godmother. Budi- well if, as a last resort, then. shovel shovel- wash clothes. rise- dreams. Glee-co- Look. Gryaska- a bunch of green onions, pulled out with roots. Barking - call for , scream . Breasts- curdled milk . Barn - a room for processing sheaves in order to obtain grain. just now- recently. for nothing- nothing, let. Divya- it's nice, it's nice, it's business. Born baby- child. Dryswa- easily crumbling stone (used for washing floors). Plot- a territory cleared of forest. had a chance- spoiled. To the spirit of the family- in fact, honestly; at all. endova- a copper bowl with a spout for beer. underwear- undershirt. Is- eat, eat. Fence- partition, wall. catch- drive cattle into the yard. Zybka- cradle. granary- a barn for grain storage. Kovodni- last night, recently. cataniki- boots. Korchaga- a large earthen vessel (more often - for beer). Kuti- they call (call) chickens. Bed- a small stove for quick heating. Lezhnevka- log road. Leshogonka- frenzied. lin sozla- very lazy, lazy. Lonis b - last summer. Lopotye- underwear. Lyubovina- lean meat Lyaga- puddle. beckon- wait. Mos t - corridor. Butterfly- skirt. lay down- put on. Not past- fool. Nothing like that- about a person who means nothing. lean on- dress. Get oneself up- cook, clean, do housework. get around- remake everything, arrange. Ogorodtsy- 1.garden, 2.fence. Okoli!- shut up! (rough). defame- cut (bad). Palati- something like Nar. Pare - untranslatable word before treatment (pair, girl). Parnek, greenhouses- boy, boys, boys. Police- shelf. Promzglo, dank- sour, sour. stuck- tired. Assault- a step in front of the Russian stove. run- run. Go- Maybe. Come on- go. Pomani- Wait. Stream, under the stream- under a stream of rain water. potash water- rainwater. Ceiling, on the ceiling- in the attic . why? - For what? Last- smart. Pusterga- an empty, worthless person. Pykosy- probably most likely. dig- try. Richka- 1. source, 2. river. Washrooms to - washbasin. sedney- Today . Siver, siverno - cold, cold . Slavnitsa- beautiful, cheerful, fighting (the first in the village). Student- bedside table near the stove. Feet- sandals. Susedc oh brownie. Take off- catch. Chechulya- a large lump of sugar. Third Days- day before yesterday. Tuyas- basket, product made of birch bark Chilik- boletus. Chokonki- Sheep are called. eel(at an angle) - hill, mountain. Washer- towel. sit down- at once. Lead- time interval . Fatka- handkerchief. Khrushka- large (about berries, etc., etc. nutrition). Tsai, Tsai to drink- tea, drink tea. shangi- pancakes. ________________________________________ __________
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Used expressions
Go to hell!- shut up! Why the devil?- For what? (rough). Vosney seen enough- saw a lot of dreams. Wash white!- a wish at work (God help). Roared at the top of her head- burst into tears, screamed, upset. In one row- in one row. Fullness to play something wrong- stop spouting nonsense.
Well, look at you- just look. Tsy-those, tsokonki, home- go, cows, home (from the pasture). Lean on, don't eat naked- dress, do not eat naked. I can't, to the spirit of the family- I'm sick, I'm sick, in fact, I can't at all.
678
Incredible escapes The Vologda police finally got lucky. After many years of failure, I was really lucky. Vologda spies (then they were called snitches) tracked down the leader of the Social Democracy, the famous Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin, in the bazaar. And how did he end up in Vologda at the market? The snitches (don't be stupid) realized that they had come illegally to visit their politically exiled sister and mother, who lived with her, who were in Vologda. And all this is documented, not a word of fiction. This startling fact was immediately reported to the police authorities and to the Vologda governor Lopukhin himself. For the Vologda police, a brilliant opportunity opened up to become famous throughout the empire - to arrest Ulyanov-Lenin himself. And wash away all your past failures in one fell swoop. And there were many failures. In the annals of the police history of Vologda, the daring escape of the ideologue of populism - P. Lavrov, organized by the also famous personality G. Lopatin, has forever remained. As the historian B. Mikhailov writes: “The head of the provincial gendarme department, Colonel Merklin, dumbfounded by this incident, said: “I have never seen such an escape, such a cleverly conceived and executed thing.” "Thing" really became famous. A gallant staff captain, smartly dressed, in a Circassian cloak, arrived in the provincial Kadnikov on a dashing troika, presented documents - they say, he was instructed to take former professor artillery academy, and now the state criminal Lavrov. It never occurred to the local police that another well-known state criminal German Lopatin, a friend of Karl Marx, the first translator of Capital into Russian, was dressed in the uniform of a staff captain. A brilliant personality, moreover, an adventurer of the highest brand. And Lopatin Lavrov was taken out in full view of the entire Vologda police in a dashing troika. He cheated and dishonored the entire Vologda police. Then, in the same way, Lopatin tried to take Chernyshevsky out of Siberia. But it didn't work out. He was arrested and sentenced to "eternal penal servitude". But he lived to see the revolution, was released, however, he soon died and thus, apparently, avoided a new arrest by the Cheka. And Lavrov, who survived the horrors of the revolution, later repented of his activities. Returning to the topic of the failures of the Vologda police, we can recall another incident: how a prisoner, also a well-known figure in the revolutionary movement, Manuilsky, disappeared without a trace from a Vologda prison. It was absolutely certain that there was such a prisoner and suddenly disappeared. How it disappeared without a trace. And the police could neither investigate nor understand anything. Only after it turned out - also an incredible escape. Manuilsky was carried out of prison in a bread basket (the basket was huge, there were many prisoners). Prison guards were even put on trial then. For what? And there were two escapes from Vologda of the exiled Joseph Dzhugashvili, the future leader and generalissimo. And the police missed it too. And there were other incidents and failures. Therefore, the Vologda police desperately needed to distinguish themselves and win a good name in the police world. However, let's stop with this topic, deviate somewhat towards other topics, i.e. other jokes. About how the people of Vologda lived who were not involved in politics. What were their jokes? A won cow and love, like Pushkin's As you know, Gogol, planning to write a comedy (this led to The Inspector General), asked Pushkin for a "pure Russian anecdote" for the plot. And he promised to be "funnier than hell." But we admit that the joke in the past was not at all the same as it is now. And the funny was not always the same as ours. And there was also a “bad anecdote” (remember Dostoevsky) and, moreover, a sad anecdote. So we will talk specifically about “purely Russian anecdotes” and “purely Vologda anecdotes”. And they are not all funny and decent. First, about some facts in connection with the global date - the onset of the 20th century. How did Vologda celebrate its entry into our 20th century, which turned out to be so tragic, but did not promise to be so? Let's turn to the "Vologda provincial sheets". Their publications show that Vologda met the 20th century very peacefully. Vologda residents had no catastrophic expectations and forecasts. We also intended to live quietly, provincially in the new century - as always. The newspaper "Vologda Gubernskiye Vedomosti" wrote: "The holidays in Vologda were more than modest. There was no particularly strong revival, just as imperceptibly there was no great revelry. According to the information collected, there were very few drunks in the police stations.” In the Noble Assembly there was a ball for 600 people. We danced until four in the morning. In the program of the holiday, the wife of the governor, Count A.A. Musin-Pushkin, also held the so-called allegri lottery. The announcement about her was given in this form: “In the city theater, Her Excellency Countess E.P. Musina-Pushkina, trustee of the Vologda community of sisters of mercy of the Red Cross, who was under the patronage of Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna, has to be arranged a large allegri lottery . Among the main prizes is a young pregnant cow, complete dining and tea sets, washbasins and many other valuable items ordered from abroad and the best stores in the capital.” The next day, the provincial newspaper enthusiastically wrote: “The success of Allegri should be recognized as outstanding. We heard that one of the main prizes - the cow - went to the realist Mr. D." But what a piquant story happened to a Vologda woman, Mrs. O. Her husband, an aged official, had a passion for cards and devoted all his free time to this passion. Mrs. O. complained to her husband of boredom, but in vain. And so, on the first day of the new year of the new 20th century, Mrs. O. went to the market and hired herself a servant. The phenomenon was quite common at that time. But what was unusual was that Mrs. O.'s complaints of boredom had completely ceased. Her husband, fascinated by cards, quite naturally, did not pay any attention to the muzhikish and unattractive outwardly servants. But after some time, he was still forced to pay attention due to incomprehensible phenomena that began to occur in the house. It all ended with the unexpected flight of the servants from the house. “Vologda Gubernskiye Vedomosti” wrote about this as follows: “Moreover, they say that this servant was not a woman, but a man. For our part, we tried to verify this rumor as much as possible, but we could not be convinced that there was such a fact; nevertheless, as recently as yesterday morning, we heard this rumor again. All this is a little like the famous story of Pushkin. I consider it superfluous to explain that the Vologda Gubernskie Vedomosti meant Pushkin's poem "The House in Kolomna". So the plot of Pushkin's poem was accurately reproduced in Vologda life. And it is worthy of inclusion in the annals of the city of Vologda. Bad jokes with the revolution As for the literary life in Vologda itself, it, perhaps, even in some ways surpassed the literary heyday of the “Vologda school” of the 60-80s with Yashin, Belov, Rubtsov and others. Vologda was a city of writers, philosophers, intellectuals (true, exiles). In terms of intellectual saturation per capita, Vologda, apparently, was in first place in Russia. Writer A. Remizov even called it "Northern Athens". And there were also many different anecdotes, practical jokes, jokes. Most of them came from the virtuoso mystifier A. Remizov, who headed the literary circle of the parodic type. Literary scholar Y. Rozanov writes: “Remizov’s definition of “Northern Athens” has a motivation... The Vedenev baths, well-known to the Vologda residents, turned into ancient baths, and bathers wrapped in sheets like yogis conducted heated literary and philosophical debates. And after the baths - a ritual procession to the banks of the Vologda River and a solemn ablution. And they argued and joked a lot main topic- about the revolution. Remizov also came up with another rite - everyone who was serving from the Vologda exile was given a kind of solemn funeral, comic obituaries were written for those who were serving. Also jokes! And to tell the truth, they joked with the revolution, played it out. Many really burned in her fire. A fine... for Lenin As for the sensation about Lenin's arrival in Vologda in 1913 to visit his exiled sister and mother, everything was resolved very simply. The owner of the house where the Ulyanovs lived, A. Samarin, later recalled: “I especially remember the following case. Some kind of policeman comes and demands a house book. Then I was summoned to the police and charged with non-registration of visiting persons, for which I was immediately fined 100 rubles. I had to go to the governor, who was then Lopukhin. As soon as I entered the office, the governor immediately asks in a raised tone: “Do you know who you had?” I say that I don’t know, since I have several apartments in the house, and I don’t keep track of who goes to whom. “Lenin was in your house, but you did not register him. That's why you've been fined." I say that, probably, the police imagined it out of fear, since Lenin could not have been in Vologda in any way. Still, they didn't charge me a fine." The Vologda snitches were confused: they mistook for Lenin M. Elizarov, the husband of M. Ulyanova's sister, who came with his wife to Vologda: however, they are also "politically unreliable" persons. But for the owner of the house - Samarin - it was a very sad anecdote. He was fined ... for Lenin, who did not come to his house. Purely Vologda anecdote.
