The first who tried to create a three-dimensional model of the Earth was the ancient Greek philosopher Crates of Mallus. In 150 BC, he presented his vision of the world order to society: on his globe, two oceans divided the earth's sphere along and across the equator, washing the shores of four continents.
The globe has not survived to this day, but Crates' hypothesis was one of the most authoritative for a very long time - more than a thousand years, until the research of scientists and the experience of travelers led cartographers to understand that the world does not look so schematic. A clearer understanding of the boundaries of the continents, poles, climatic zones led to the creation of a new model of the Earth.
"Earth Apple"
Martin Beheim was a prominent scientist in 14th century Germany. He drew his knowledge of the world from the great astronomers of his time and from long sea expeditions. So, in 1484, together with a team of Portuguese sailors, he participated in a journey that opened the lands of West Africa to the world. Subsequently, Beheim received the position of court cartographer and astronomer in Lisbon, and it was to him before his main discovery in life that Christopher Columbus came for advice.
Once in his native Nuremberg in 1490, the scientist met a passionate lover of travel and geographical science Georg Holtschuer, a member of the local city council. Inspired by Beheim's stories about the African expedition, the official persuaded him to start creating a globe that would display all the knowledge of modern cartography.
Work on the half-meter "Earth Apple", as the scientist called it, dragged on for four long years. The clay ball, covered with parchment, was painted by a local artist from maps provided to him by Behaim. In addition to the borders of states and seas, drawings of coats of arms, flags and even images of African natives, exotic for a European, were applied to the globe. For the convenience of navigators and travelers, elements of the starry sky, meridians, the equator, southern and north pole.
It is not necessary to judge the accuracy of this globe - it was largely based on ancient Greek knowledge about the world, which is why the location of land objects on it is very approximate. In addition, ironically, by the time this model was created, Behaim's friend Columbus had not yet returned from his western expedition, so of all the existing continents, only Eurasia and Africa were marked on the globe.
Nevertheless, the "Earth Apple" is a unique exhibit that is of interest to historians, geographers, and everyone who is interested in joining medieval science. To this day, Beheim's globe is the main attraction of the Nuremberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum.
It turns out that getting sick can be very informative. The cold had not even set in yet, and I managed to catch some kind of virus and spend 10 whole days on sick leave. The condition was terrible. I didn't even want to get out of bed. Saved only by a cat, basking at his side, and a TV. But I managed to learn a lot of new things. In the afternoon, when I am at work as usual or busy with all sorts of things, one of the channels shows a program on the topic of all kinds of discoveries. So I found out who invented the Globe, which in our house has its place of honor on the desktop.
Who invented the globe
Each of us knows very well what it looks like globe. Even if he is not at home, then at school in a geography lesson everyone certainly saw him. Globe is miniature earth model. All the continents of our planet, seas and oceans, countries and cities are marked on it. In addition, the globe is marked with a grid of parallels and meridians, with which you can find any point.
In the history of the globe, it is noted that its first creator was Greek philosopher Crates of Mallusuy. This event dates back to about 150 BC. e. But, unfortunately, there is no more information about him left.
The second creator of the globe was a German - scientist Martin Beheim. He created it in 1492. This the globe was called"Earth Apple". It contained little information. For example, America has not yet been discovered, and therefore it was not even on the globe. This globe still exists today. It is located in the Nuremberg Museum.
Fancy globes
Not all globes look like a small ball that can fit on a desk. There are also unusual options:
- Gottorp globe- This is one of the largest globes. Its diameter is 3.19 meters. Inside the globe there is a bench and a table. Now he is in the Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg.
- Globe of the World -the largest globe in the world. Its dimensions are impressive. It weighs 30 tons, and its diameter is 30 meters. Its design is simply unique. Inside there are 3 levels, where 600 people can easily fit. But that is not all. globe can rotate like a real planet. This masterpiece was created not so long ago - in 1987.
- Globe Multitouch- it's modern interactive inventione. The model can be touched or scrolled by yourself. This innovative globe is housed in a museum in Tokyo.
These are the various models of our planet. Without a globe, we would not be able to view the Earth from all sides and find any corner.
who created the first globe? and got the best answer
Answer from Ѝyvind Thunderstorm Fjords[guru]
Martin Beheim in the 15th century
Beheim, Martin
(October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507) German geographer. In 1492 he created the first geographical globe. The original for B. served as a map of the world, based mainly on the data of Ptolemy. Globe B. is the greatest historical and geographical value (exhibited in the Nuremberg Museum).
"Earth apple" (German: Erdapfel) is the traditional name for a globe created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg between 1490 and 1493. This globe is the oldest surviving to this day.
Answer from Vyacheslav Gordeev[guru]
Organizer and founder of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA)
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The Golden Globe Award has been an American award given by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association since 1944 for work in motion pictures and television. The Golden Globe Awards are presented each year in January, based on a vote by approximately 90 international journalists based in Hollywood.
Answer from [email protected]@ [email protected] stuFFFk@[newbie]
The first globe was made around 150 BC. BC e. Crates of Mallus.
Answer from N@wall@[guru]
When did the globe appear?
In the works of ancient writers, it is mentioned that a certain Crates of Malos, an ancient Greek philosopher, a follower of Aristotle and the keeper of the Pergamon Library, back in the 2nd century BC. e. made a model of the Earth in the form of a sphere.
Neither this model itself, nor any of its images have survived to this day, however, those who saw this globe said that "Crates painted a single land on the ball, dividing it into parts by intersecting rivers, which were called oceans ...". Therefore, the very first, at least the oldest of all surviving globes, is considered to be a spherical model of the Earth with a diameter of 54 cm, created by the German geographer, traveler and mathematician Martin Beheim in 1492, now in the museum of the city of Nuremberg.
On the "Earth Apple", this is how Behaim called his brainchild (globes, from the Latin globus - "ball", copies of the Earth began to be called later), geographical representations of the Earth's surface on the eve of the discovery of the New World, based on data taken from world maps the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy, who lived in the II century. Soon, globes, giving the most accurate cartographic representations and in great demand among scientists and sailors, began to appear in the palaces of monarchs, ministerial offices and simply in the fashion houses of Europe, becoming a symbol of enlightenment.
Especially popular were the Dutch globes made by the Amsterdam craftsmen Blau. They also created that model of the Earth, which was presented to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672, the first in Rus'. The most famous of all foreign models the globe is the Gottorp globe with a diameter of 311 cm, made by the German scientist Adam Olschlegel in 1664, and presented to Peter I in 1713. Inside it contained a planetarium. Modern globes, on which, compared to the first ones, images of new lands discovered since then have appeared, have moved from the field of functional use mainly to the field of visual aids for schoolchildren.
Answer from Maria Nesterova[guru]
MARTIN BEHEIM
PETROVSKY GLOBE
Answer from Tanya Krasnoperova[newbie]
Globus (from Latin globus, "ball") - a three-dimensional model of the Earth or another planet, as well as a model of the celestial sphere (celestial globe). The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus.
Well, the globe in the form that we see was invented by Martin Beheim in the 15th century
Beheim, Martin (October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507) German geographer. In 1492 he created the first geographical globe. The original for B. served as a map of the world, based mainly on the data of Ptolemy. Globe B. is the greatest historical and geographical value (exhibited in the Nuremberg Museum).
"Earth? I? Block" (German: Erdapfel) is the traditional name for the globe created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg between 1490 and 1493. This globe is the oldest surviving to this day.
Behaim's globe is a metal sphere 507 mm in diameter, covered with geographical map, reflecting the knowledge of Europeans about the world at the end of the 15th century, including the discoveries of the Portuguese in West Africa. There are no indications of latitude and longitude on the map modern method, but there is the equator, meridians, tropics and images of the signs of the zodiac. Geographical errors found on the map repeat the inaccuracies of Paolo Toscanelli's maps. Also presented short descriptions various countries and images of their inhabitants. The map of the "Earth's apple" does not take into account the results of the voyage of Columbus, since he returned to Europe no earlier than March 1493, and the existence of America as a separate continent was proved by Amerigo Vespucci about 20 years later. America appears already on the next globe known to us, created by Martin Waldseemüller.
"The Earth's Apple" is a unique achievement of cartography of the late Middle Ages, both in terms of the accuracy of the maps and the clarity of the image. The globe quickly became one of the city's attractions and until the 16th century it was exhibited in the reception hall of the Nuremberg City Hall. Then it passed into the possession of the Beheim family, and since 1907 it has been on display at the German National Museum in Nuremberg.
Answer from Nikolai Knyazev[active]
Martin Beheim
Answer from Syaji[newbie]
Beheim
Answer from Lera Garf[newbie]
beheim
Answer from Mimi mimi[newbie]
Al-Biruni
Answer from Maria Mikhailenko[newbie]
We usually believe that this happened in 1492, and it was about the lands already known.
And the Greek Crates from Malos made a globe back in 150 BC. e. , and the matter affected not only the known lands, but also only the alleged ones.
PLATE WITH A DRAWING OF THE GLOBE OF CARTES.
The oldest globe is located in Nuremberg and is called "BEHEIM"
In honor of the geographer and creator of the world's first globe, Martin Beheim He created his own globe in 1492, when he was the chief navigator of Portugal.
MARTIN BEHEIM
He managed to reflect with his help geographical ideas about the surface of the Earth just on the eve of the discovery of the New World. Beheim was assisted in the work on the globe by the artist Georg Glockendon. The masters called their creation "Earth Apple". The word "globe" from the Latin "ball" appeared later. On a ball with a diameter of 54 cm, Behaim depicted the surface of the Earth in accordance with Ptolemy's maps. About the discoveries of Columbus, who went to look for India in the same 1492, Behaim did not yet know. True, information has been preserved that in the 2nd century BC. e. the model of the globe was built by the philosopher Crates Malossky, who was a student of the disciples of Aristotle. But the globe of Crates, if it existed, has not been preserved, and Martin Behaim's "Earth Apple", declared the oldest globe. Alas, the globe was used by scientists thousands of years before Behaim.
Celestial globes made of wood, stone and metal represented a picture of the starry sky. They served to astronomers to explain the location of the stars, and to astrologers - to interpret horoscopes. One of the companions of the god Apollo, Urania, the muse of astronomy, was portrayed by the Hellenes with a star globe and a pointer in her hands ...
In the IV century BC. e. Greek astronomers made a round model of the Earth with parallels and meridians. Images of the earth globe were minted on coins - for example, Demetrius I Poliorket, the Macedonian king who ruled in the 4th - 3rd centuries. BC e.
In 1672, a large globe was sent to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as a gift by the Netherlands. .
The restoration of the Gottorp Globe Planetarium, which almost three centuries ago was the first exhibit of the Kunstkamera, has been completed at the Lomonosov Museum in St. Petersburg.
In the middle of the 17th century, in the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany), a planetarium globe with a diameter of over 3 meters was made. On the outer surface of the globe, a map of the Earth was plotted, and on the inner surface, the starry sky. The stars were depicted with gilded caps of copper nails. The ball had a fixed axis, on which a wooden round table and a bench for 12 people.
In 1713, during the Northern War, Peter the Great, while in the theater of operations in Holstein, received a planetarium globe as a gift. The globe became the first exhibit of the first Russian museum - the Kunstkamera.
PETROVSKY GLOBE
During the fire of 1747, it was badly damaged and was restored by masters Scott and Tiryutin. Later it was kept in a specially built room next to the Academy of Sciences, then in Tsarskoe Selo. During the Great Patriotic War the globe was taken by the Germans to Germany. After the war, the exhibit was found in the German city of Lübeck and returned to Leningrad by sea via Murmansk. The globe was in a deplorable state.
The canvas, on which the earthly and heavenly maps were drawn, was torn in many places, the painting layer was damaged, holes from rifle shots were found. In the post-war period, the globe was restored twice. A comprehensive restoration of the globe was completed only this year.
One of the greatest discoveries in geography is the invention of the globe, which makes it easier to remember the location of the oceans, seas, continents, islands, tropical forests, icy deserts, etc. Subsequently, this amazing subject was improved by numerous scientists around the world. It has its own ancient and rather fascinating history.
Who created the first globe? Around this invention, passions are still boiling.
What is a globe?
globe from Latin word globus means globe.
This is an image of the map on the surface of the ball, preserving the similarity of the contours and the ratio of sizes (areas). There are geographic globes that display the surface of the Earth, the lunar surface, celestial globes etc.
Before the concept of a spherical shape of the Earth appeared, the first celestial globes had already been created. These spherical images of the starry sky were already known in ancient Egypt.
The history of the globe
The first globe arose before our era (II century), and it was created by one inventor who was very fond of poetry. It was a learned philologist-philosopher named Krates Malossky. For days he could listen to the poem "Odyssey", and often after listening to it, he laid on the map all the routes that he walked main character. And at that time it was already known about the spherical shape of the earth, so he painted the ball.
Although this item corresponded to the level of knowledge of those times, it was a real globe. He was well appreciated by his contemporaries, but for several centuries, who was the author of the first globe was forgotten.
In 1492, another globe was created in Nuremberg (Germany) with the aim of visualizing geographical discoveries Portuguese sailors. Thus, the scientist Martin Beheim received the title of the first inventor of the globe.
That globe was called the "Earth Apple". It represented a ball made of metal, no larger than 50 cm in diameter. It should be noted that the continent America was still absent on it, due to its discovery by Columbus at a later time. Also, there were no latitudes and longitudes on the globe yet, but there were also tropics and meridians, and there was a short description of countries. Now the first globe (1492) is stored in the Nuremberg Museum.
From those ancient times to the present day created a large number of the most unique, even unexpected, globes with stunning dimensions, designs and materials. But two of these specimens cannot but be mentioned here: the largest and most unusual and oldest.
Who created the first globe - the largest in the world
The American company DeLorme has created a giant Eartha globe. This organization develops maps and GPS navigation systems.
The diameter of the globe is 12.6 meters, which is the height of a 4-storey building. Now this unique creation is located in the city of Yarmouth in America.
The giant globe consists of 792 map fragments, fastened together by hidden bolts on a large frame. The last element was built from 6,000 aluminum pipes. The peculiarity of this magnificent building is also that it is located in a glass building and is illuminated from the inside, which gives it an unusual look.
This masterpiece is included in the Guinness Book of Records.
American oldest globe
Scientists have established that it is made from ostrich egg halves glued together with shellac (a natural polymer). The card itself is carved into the shell.
But to the question of who created the first globe depicting America, one can answer that this is unknown. Why?
The huge ostrich egg globe is the first to depict America, and it has survived to this day. But it was not possible to establish the exact date and its creator, due to the absence of any signs and signatures on the subject.
Scientists have an assumption that this globe was created in the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci, as there are certain sketches characteristic of the works of the great artist. The continents signed in Latin, various animals, and even a man-sailor who was wrecked are depicted on this object.
Dr. Missine (philologist and map collector) believes that the find dates back to 1504.
sky globe
Who created the first celestial globe? Many versions exist. For example, in Naples there is a statue of Atlanta (marble), dated to the 3rd century BC. On his shoulders, the hero holds a sphere with the image of constellations. There is an opinion that he also has a prototype - the globe of Eudoxus of Cnidus (Greek astronomer).
However, the existing information about the existence of the Earth's globes in the ancient period is not entirely reliable. So, there are many more reasons to argue about this.
What is the famous ancient globe of Behaim, who and when, and where created it, and also who came up with the idea to create a round Earth? Around 1492, Martin Beheim presented the world with the first globe, which was a metal circle with a diameter of 507 millimeters. Behaim's globe is famous for being the first model of the Earth, it has a fairly accurate map of Europe, Asia and Africa. West Africa and America is not on the globe, because at that time they simply were not discovered. Many contemporaries mistakenly believe that Martin Beheim became famous for being the first to suggest that the Earth is spherical. But in fact, this assumption was made by Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.
What is Bayham's globe famous for:
- This is the first surviving globe;
- It is a globe with an equator and meridians;
- The globe has information about ancient life and astronomy;
- The main continents are present;
- For 525 years, the globe rotates, and is perfectly preserved.
Currently Behaim's globe is in Nuremberg, in the German National Museum. The product is perfectly preserved, on the Internet you can find maps from this globe, which clearly show at what stage humanity was in the 15th century. Also on the globe there are a large number of inscriptions, this is a real text plan with links to historical discoveries, for example, to Marco Polo. The mention of this traveler, by the way, may indicate that the date of manufacture of the globe is greatly underestimated. Scholars are inclined to believe that Behaim's globe was actually made in the 17th century, or even in a later period. On the other hand, the inscriptions could have been made later.
The proportionality of Behaim's globe map is not true. However, there is an equator and meridians on the globe, the shape of the European continent more or less corresponds to the real one. For that time it was a big breakthrough, no wonder the Germans are very proud of their celebrity.
The exhibit itself evokes a very reverent feeling, especially if you imagine how many hands famous people touched this Earth Apple. In addition, the darkened globe looks like a real work of art, and the manufacturing method is highly respected.
Of course, it is possible that before Behaim's globe there were other similar models of the Earth in the form of a ball, but it is this particular copy that has survived to this day. Many modern museums have copies of this globe. Also, anyone can buy a copy of Behaim's globe for their home, or a reduced miniature as a souvenir.
Some parapsychologists also tend to be of the opinion that this globe has some kind of magical power. Moreover, it partially depicts the signs of the Zodiac.
