Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a new trend in the history of Russian literature. He was the first to introduce the theme of the common people and filled the rhymes with colloquial turns. The life of commoners appeared, so a new style was born. Nikolai Alekseevich became a pioneer in the combination of lyrics and satire. He dared to change its very content. "Peasant Children" by Nekrasov were written in 1861 in Greshnevo. The barn in which the narrator slept was most likely located in Shod, under the house of Gavriil Zakharov (children recognize him in the work). At the time of writing, the poet wore a beard, which was rare for nobles, so the children questioned his origin.
Rich image of peasant children
The future writer was born into a simple, poor, but respected family. As a child, he often played with his peers. The guys did not perceive him as a superior and master. Nekrasov never gave up a simple life. He was interested in discovering new worlds. Therefore, probably, he was one of the first to introduce the image common man into high poetry. It was Nekrasov who noticed the beauty in rural images. Other writers later followed suit.
A movement of followers was formed who wrote like Nekrasov. "Peasant children" (an analysis of which can be carried out based on the historical period in which the poem was written) stands out noticeably from the entire work of the poet. In other works there is more grief. And these children are full of happiness, although the author does not have high hopes for their bright future. Babies do not have time to get sick and think about the unnecessary. Their life is full of colors of nature in which they were lucky to live. They are hardworking and simply wise. Every day is an adventure. At the same time, children bit by bit absorb science from their elders. They are interested in legends and stories, they do not even shy away from the work of the carpenter, which is mentioned in the poem.
Despite all the problems, they are happy in their corner of paradise. The author says that such guys have nothing to pity and hate, they need to be envied, because the children of the rich do not have such color and freedom.
Introduction to the poem through the plot
Nekrasov's poem "Peasant Children" begins with a description of the previous few days. The narrator was hunting and, tired, wandered into the barn, where he fell asleep. He was awakened by the sun that was breaking through the cracks. He heard the voices of birds and recognized the doves and rooks. I recognized the crow by the shadow. Eyes of different colors looked at him through the crack, in which there was peace, affection and kindness. He realized that these were the views of children.
The poet is sure that only children can have such eyes. They quietly commented among themselves on what they had seen. One looked at the narrator's beard and long legs, the other at the big dog. When the man, probably Nekrasov himself, opened his eyes, the children rushed away like sparrows. As soon as the poet lowered his eyelids, they reappeared. Further, they concluded that he was not a gentleman, because he was not lying on the stove and was driving from a swamp.
Author's reflections
Further, Nekrasov breaks away from the storyline and indulges in reflection. He confesses his love for children and says that even those who perceive them as "a low kind of people" still once envied them. There is more poetry in the life of the poor, says Nekrasov. Peasant children made mushroom raids with him, put snakes on the railing of the bridge and waited for the reaction of passers-by.
People rested under the old elms, the children surrounded them and listened to stories. So they learned the legend about Valil. Having always lived as a rich man, he somehow angered God. And since then he had no harvest, no honey, only grew well. Another time, a working man laid out tools and showed interested children how to saw and cut. The exhausted man fell asleep, and the guys let's saw and plan. Then it was impossible to remove the dust for a day. If we talk about the stories that the poem "Peasant Children" describes, Nekrasov, as it were, conveys his own impressions and memories.
Everyday life of peasant children
Further, the writer leads the reader to the river. There is a vibrant life there. Who bathes, who shares stories. Some boy catches leeches "on the lava, where the uterus beats the linen", the other looks after his younger sister. One girl is making a wreath. Another attracts a horse and rides on it. Life is full of joy.
Vanya's father called him to work, and the guy is happy to help him in the field with bread. When the crop is harvested, he is the first to taste the new bread. And then he sits astride a cart with straw and feels like a king. The other side of the coin is that children do not have the right to choose their future, and Nekrasov is concerned about this. Peasant children do not study and grow up happily, although they have to work.
The brightest character in the poem
The following part of the poem is often erroneously considered a separate work.
The narrator "in the cold winter time" sees a cart with brushwood, the horse leads little man. He is wearing a large hat and huge boots. It turned out to be a child. The author greeted, to which the boy replied that he should pass. Nekrasov asks what he is doing here, the child replies that he is carrying firewood that his father is chopping. The boy helps him, because there are only two men in their family, his father and him. Therefore, it all looks like a theater, but the boy is real.
Such a Russian spirit in the poem that Nekrasov wrote. "Peasant children", an analysis of their way of life, shows the whole situation in Russia at that time. The writer calls to grow in freedom, because later it will help to love your labor bread.
Completion of the storyline
Further, the author breaks away from the memories and continues the plot with which he began the poem. The children grew bolder, and he called out to a dog named Fingal that thieves were coming. You need to hide your belongings, said Nekrasov to the dog. The peasant children were delighted with Fingal's skills. A dog with a serious muzzle hid everything in the hay. She especially tried on the game, then lay down at the feet of the owner and growled. Then the children themselves began to give commands to the dog.
The narrator enjoyed the picture. It became dark, a thunderstorm approached. Thunder boomed. The rain fell. The spectators ran. Barefoot children raced towards the houses. Nekrasov stayed in the barn and waited out the rain, and then went with Fingal to look for great snipes.
The image of nature in a poem
It is impossible not to sing the richness and beauty of Russian nature. Therefore, along with the theme of love for children, Nekrasov's work "Peasant Children" glorifies the charms of life behind the gray walls of the city.
From the very first lines, the author is drowning in the cooing of pigeons and the chirping of birds. Then compares the color of children's eyes with the colors in the field. The image of the earth haunts the poet in the forest when he is gathering mushrooms. From the forest it leads the reader to the river, where the children bathe, because of which the water seems to laugh and howl. Their life is inseparable from nature. Children weave wreaths of pale yellow flowers, their lips black with blueberries that set them on edge, they meet a wolf, they feed a hedgehog.
The role of bread in the poem is important. Through the look of one of the boys, the narrator conveys the sacredness of growing grain. He describes the whole process from throwing a seed into the ground to baking bread in a mill. Nekrasov's poem "Peasant Children" calls to love the field forever, which gives strength and labor bread.
The presence of nature adds to the melodiousness of the poem.
The hard life of Nekrasov children
The fate of peasant children is tightly tied to work on the ground. The author himself says that they learn the works early. So, Nikolai Alekseevich cites as an example a little boy who matured early. A six-year-old fellow works in the forest with his father and does not even think about complaining about his life.
Respect for work is instilled from childhood. Watching their parents respect the field, children imitate them.
Coverage of the educational issue
In addition, the problem of education arises in the poem, which Nekrasov raises. Peasant children are deprived of the opportunity to study. They don't know books. And the narrator is worried about their future, because he knows that only God knows whether the child will grow up or die.
But next to endless work, children do not lose their thirst for life. They have not forgotten how to enjoy the little things that come across their way. Their everyday life is full of bright, warm emotions.
The poem is an ode to ordinary children. After its publication in 1861, the whole rich world learned that peasant children are wonderful. Nekrasov exalted the simplicity of being. He showed that in all corners of the country there are people who, despite their low social status, are distinguished by humanity, decency and other benefactors, who have already begun to be forgotten in major cities. The product was a sensation. And its relevance remains acute to this day.
- You have read the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Peasant Children”. Why do you think it is so named? What is it about? How did the hero meet the peasant children and what did he immediately like about them? Does the narrator himself belong to peasants? Is it possible to recognize this by his behavior and speech? Provide evidence to support your answer. What epithets and comparisons does the poet use when talking about the appearance of peasant children? Why did the children's eyes attract the author's special attention and what did he see in them?
- What did the children “marvel at” and what “verdict did they pronounce”? Why did they decide that the stranger was "not a gentleman"?
- What does the poet tell about mushroom raids with children? What feats did they accomplish and from whom did they expect glory? Does the poet write about this seriously or ironically? Who on vacation pleased them with stories?
- What is the “dressy side of work” and how did the parents of the children get involved in work?
- Read in roles the scene of the meeting of the protagonist “in the cold winter season” with Vlas.
- Before the mind's eye of the reader in this poem, there are many pictures. Which of them stand out to you the most and why?
- What mood are these pictures permeated with (sad, cheerful)? What do you think, did you correctly answer the first question asked of you, what is this poem about? How would you respond to it now? What did the author want to say about peasant children?
- What pictures of childhood and the world around does the poet draw and what does the poet wish for children?
We enrich our speech
- How do you understand words and phrases: verses, tenderness touched the soul, dear rogues, holy kindness, mushroom raids, planes, a blue ribbon, centuries-old inheritance, labor bread!
- Write out from the poem the words that were incorrectly pronounced by peasant children, for example: vdna, don’t get stuck, they’ll steal ... How to pronounce them, put the correct stress.
- There are many words in the works you have read that are undeservedly rarely used in modern Russian, for example, statue, majestic, dear, destiny, command. Explain the meaning of these words.
Learning to read expressively
Prepare an expressive reading of the poem, emphasizing the sad and funny episodes in its content.
Literature and fine arts
Consider D. Shmarinov's illustrations for the poem "Peasant Children". Do they help you better understand the thoughts and feelings of the poet?
Prepare an oral story about the children in the picture.
Lesson topic: N.A. Nekrasov "Peasant children"
Type of lesson: learning new material.
Lesson Objectives:
Tutorials:
Teaching students to analyze a poetic work
Teach expressive reading of a poem in compliance with logical stresses, pauses, intonations
Form an idea of the historical past
Learn to work with the work, navigate the text
Learn to reason
Enrich lexicon students.
Developing:
Awaken interest in the history of their homeland
Develop cognitive activity children
Develop student independence
Develop oral speech students
To form in children the skill of self-control (evaluate the work in the lesson).
Educational:
To form a sense of belonging to the historical past of our Motherland
Cultivate patriotism
Cultivate an interest in books and reading
Reveal the moral meaning of the work
Cultivate aesthetic sense
Instill mental skills.
ON THE DESK:
1. Epigraph to the lesson.
Play, children, grow up in freedom,
That's why a red childhood is given to you.
2.Portrait of a poet
1.Org. moment.
2. Repetition of previously studied. Update basic knowledge students.
Let's remember which writer we met in previous lessons?
What do you remember from his biography? (Give out biography leaflets)
What works of this writer have we already met? What is Nekrasov's poem "On the Volga" about? Who are the burlaks?
What does the poet sing in the excerpt from the poem "Frost, Red Nose"?
What kind of beauty does a person have? (internal and external)
Is a person always beautiful externally and spiritually beautiful? Give examples.
3. Theme and purpose of the lesson.
What do you think we will study today?
4. Study of new material.
Read the epigraph for today's lesson written on the board. How do you understand these words?
We will return to them at the end of the lesson.
Born into a noble family, Nekrasov for some reason writes poems about peasant children.
Our speakers will help us figure this out (the task was given in advance to find material about Nekrasov's childhood).
Speaker 1.
“Sinful lay by no means“ in an unknown wilderness ”. Here Nekrasov, the people's poet, was very lucky. From the very beginning, Nekrasov found himself on such a high road, but for the time being he did not drive, but, so to speak, sat on the floor, while Rus' rode and - even more - walked in front of him.
“Kostroma postal road (meadow),” military statisticians described it in the middle of the 19th century General Staff, - goes from Yaroslavl along the left bank of the Volga River in flat and low places and near the village of Borok enters Kostroma province. In total, from Yaroslavl to the border of the province, this path is considered to be 45 versts, within the province there is one postal station Timokhinskaya, 27 versts from Yaroslavl, on which horse contains 20, and the overhead fee is 1, 0.5 silver kopecks. For the passage of troops and burdens, this road is very convenient.
So the high road really entered widely into all life, into the very life of these places.
“The village of Greshnevo,” the poet himself recalled, “stands on the (traktovaya) grassroots Yaroslavl-Kostroma road ... the manor house goes to the very road, and everything that walked and rode along it was known, starting with postal troikas and ending with prisoners chained in chains, accompanied by escorts, was the constant food of our childish curiosity. “Everything that walked and rode and was driven along it” - and these are days, months and whole years.
Nekrasov saw a lot, absorbed a lot like a sponge, and being a mature poet, he embodied everything he saw, captured in his works.
Speaker 2.
From the memoirs of N.A. Nekrasov's sister Anna Butkevich.
“... Peasant huts immediately began behind our garden. I remember that this neighborhood was a constant disappointment for our mother: a crowd of children, deliberately choosing a place for their games on the other side of the garden lattice fence, like a magnet attracted their brother there - no persecution helped. Subsequently, he made a loophole and at each convenient occasion crawled out to them in the village, took part in their games, which often ended in a general fight ... "
To better imagine the historical time in which N.A. Nekrasov lived, let's consider a reproduction of Makovsky's painting.
(reproduction of the painting by Vladimir Yegorovich Makovsky "Peasant Children")
Of course, the master's son was not allowed to be friends with the children of serfs.
Speaker 3.
Nikolay Skatov wrote the following in his article about Nekrasov:
“... I must say that Nekrasov the boy grew up, and thus was brought up, with village boys and girls. “My relationship with the sinners was as follows:
... Thanks be to God,
I did it again
I love this road
Here's a spare barn,
That's rigi ... how sweet
Warm ear of couples!
Stop the horses!
You see: from every gate
The inhabitant hastily walks.
All familiar people
Whatever a man, then a friend.
I constantly played with the village children, and when we grew up, it was natural that there was such a shortness between us.
The poet really from early childhood knew the life of the people from the inside, in the most direct, domestic way he knew, as friends, often the same people in different ages and observing in different positions, and sometimes - later - and intervening. And helping.
And in poetry, for the same reason, he could, like no one else, write about peasant rural childhood.<...>
Nekrasov sympathized with the hard life of the peasants.
A trained student reads by heart an excerpt from the poem "Peasant Children" "Once in the cold winter season ...", studied in elementary school.
Are these lines familiar to you?
This passage is taken from the large poem "Peasant Children".
What is the boy's name? (Vlasom). How old is he? (Sixth passed)
What does the boy look like? (in a poor peasant family, clothes were passed from one child to another)
Phys. min.
Now everyone is quiet
Raise your hands together!
Hands to the sides, forward.
Stretched and bent
Back to original position!
Turn left, right, right, left!
They sat down quietly. Back to business.
5. Reading by the teacher of N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Peasant Children” (12 minutes)
Board: Targeting: - follow the change in the author's mood, what feelings does the author experience from meeting children? (cheerful, cheerful, sympathy for peasant children)
6. Identification of the level of students' perception of the poem
What did you like? What didn't you like?
What did you understand? What didn't you understand?
What made you smile and what made you think?
What is interesting about the poem?
We have already said that the passage "Once in a cold winter time ..." is component large poem by Nekrasov "Peasant Children". This means that the poem itself is heterogeneous: it has constituent parts.
7. Work with the composition of the poem, drawing up a plan, filling out the table.
Where does the poem begin? (the narrator tells about an incident that happened to him on a hunt).
What is the story of this case? ("... So next to Gavrila ... -" Hear, be silent!
This means that from the words after the line: “O dear rogues! Who often saw them ... ”- there is a completely different part, a different topic. But is this the end of the story about the incident on the hunt?
(After viewing the text, the children will find that at the end of the poem after the horizontal line, the author returns to this case again with the words: "Now it's time for us to return to the beginning."
So, the narrator says that he dozed off in the barn, then woke up and saw that peasant children were watching him.
What was the immediate behavior of the children? (they were afraid, but gradually grew bolder).
What did the narrator do? How did he cheer up the kids?
The beginning of the poem does not say that the dog's name is Fingal. The narrator began to command his dog to "throw things out." The trained dog began to follow the commands of the owner, and the barn immediately turned into a circus arena: (find in the text)
Extensive field of canine science
He was perfectly familiar;
He started throwing things like this
That the audience could not leave the place,
They wonder, they laugh! There is no fear here!
How did the surprise show end? Read.
So, we saw that the beginning and end of the poem tell us about the meeting of a hunter with peasant children. In what situation is such a story possible? What are the narrator's intonations? To whom can it be addressed, who are the listeners of this story?
Imagine the relaxed atmosphere of an evening friendly conversation in a landowner's house, when his friends gather at the owner's house and tell each other various incidents that happened to them. We are immersed in such an atmosphere by the confidential intonations and kind humor of the narrator: this is how they talk with old acquaintances, with whom they laughed and joked together before.
Annex 1
FILLING THE TABLE.
Part Content Narrator Listeners
1 Meeting of a hunter with peasant children hunter Friends, guests
4(1) Meeting of a hunter with peasant children hunter Friends, guests
The story of meeting children is like a beautiful frame of a big picture.
Appendix 2
This poem can be compared to a house.
We have the walls of the house - the beginning and the end. In the next lesson, we will see what is inside this house, and where is the roof? (draw it on the blackboard). In order for the next lesson to be productive, you need to work at home.
8. Repetition and consolidation of the past.
How did the hero meet the peasant children and what did he immediately like about them?
What did the children “marvel at” and what “verdict did they pronounce”? Why did they decide that the stranger was "not a gentleman"?
Epigraph work.
9. Results. Reflection
Answers to school textbooks
2. What did the children “marvel at” and what “verdict did they pronounce”? Why did they decide that the stranger was "not a gentleman"?
Children talk about the hero, examine him, try to determine his social affiliation: he is a gentleman, in other words, a landowner, a nobleman, or a commoner. They turn their attention to a beard (kids believe that “a bar does not have a beard - a mustache”), to an expensive watch, to a thoroughbred dog, to a double-barreled gun, they are surprised at everything.
What happened to me - they marveled at everything And pronounced my sentence:
- Such a goose, what a hunt!
I would lie on the stove!
And you can see not a gentleman: how he was driving from a swamp,
So next to Gabriela ...
Toddlers believe that people hunt to get game and eat it. They see that a man who has fallen asleep in a barn is rich enough to hunt for food, and can rest quietly, according to the children, lying on the stove. They saw that the guest was driving from the hunt next to Gavrila, in other words, with one of the farmers of their village, and the "bar", in their opinion, will never speak amicably and freely with the peasants. Because the guest is "not a gentleman."
3. What does the poet tell about mushroom raids with children? What feats did they accomplish and from whom did they expect glory? Does the poet write about this seriously or ironically? Who on vacation pleased them with stories?
It must be said that Nekrasov, unlike many nobles of that time, never considered farmers to be people of low birth, freely communicated with them and even made friends, respecting their natural resourcefulness, intelligence and human soul. As a child, he lived on the Volga, on his father's estate, and played a lot with peasant children. Further, the author recalls how, as a child, he walked with the children for mushrooms.
The creator writes that during the "mushroom raids" he tried to notice the "mushroom place", and after that he could not find it. Peasant children simply later found such places according to signs that were understandable to them alone. The children could also play a trick on the simpleton: so they joked, calling the snake a ringlet. On another trip to the forest, the children “killed enough” snakes and put them on the railing of the bridge, along which a large road passed through the village. They thought, perhaps under the influence of Russian folk tales, where the heroes fight with the Serpent Gorynych, that people passing through it, taken aback by the exploits of the children living here, will move their brains: “Who caught so many snakes?”
Ancient sprawling elms grew in the village, and on a hot summer day, many people passing along the road stopped here to rest in the chill, mostly artisans and workers. The kids surrounded them, and the workers told attentive listeners about what they had seen in life: "about Kyiv, about the Turk, about wonderful animals." The road was a specific school of life for children.
4. What is the “dressy side of work” and how did the parents of children get involved in work?
Under the "smart side of labor" the creator implies satisfaction from beautiful and friendly physical work, from cultivating the land, which brings a secure harvest. When a child sees that the work in which he participated brings visible results, that the person who performed this work is honored and revered, he is also willing to participate in work, and such work is not a burden, not a punishment, but satisfaction.
6. Before the mind's eye of the reader, many pictures pass in this poem. Which of them stand out to you the most and why?
Before mind's eye the reader who gets acquainted with this poem goes through many pictures.
1) The hunter is resting in the hay barn, and the children peep at him through the crack and talk together, discussing the hunter.
2) The creator recalls how he was small, recalls the campaigns of peasant children for mushrooms and their joke with a snake.
3) Peasant children on the high road listen to the stories of passers-by, examine the tools with curiosity.
4) After picking mushrooms, the children bathe in a meadow river.
5) Returning to the village, the kids play games, someone helps their parents.
6) The kids go to the forest for berries, they find fun for themselves: they are afraid of a hare that jumped out at one moment, they catch an old capercaillie.
7) Pictures of rural labor that the child follows.
8) Meeting of the creator with six-year-old Vlas, who helps dad to carry firewood from the forest.
9) The creator returns to the beginning of the poem and tells how the hunter's acquaintance with the children continued: the creator ordered the trained dog to show some jokes, and the kids rejoiced at the sudden performance. Suddenly a thunderstorm began, and the kids ran away to the village.
7. What mood are these paintings permeated with (sad, cheerful)? What do you think, did you correctly answer the first question asked of you, what is this poem about? How would you respond to it now? What did the author want to say about peasant children?
The paintings drawn by the creator are imbued with a good feeling of admiration and immediately feel sad: the creator knows the life of peasant children very well, he understands that satisfaction and freedom have a downside. The creator understands that kids are the future of the people.
8. What pictures of childhood and the world does the poet draw and what does the poet wish for children?
See question 6.
The poet appeals to children to adore their native land:
The poet appeals to children to love their native land:
Play on, children! Grow at will!
That's why you have been given a red childhood,
To forever love this meager field,
So that it always seems sweet to you.
Keep your age-old legacy,
Love your labor bread -
And let the charm of childhood poetry
Leads you into the bowels of the native land! ..
Page 187
1. How do you understand words and phrases: verses, tenderness touched the soul, dear rogues, holy kindness, mushroom raids, planes, a blue ribbon, centuries-old inheritance, labor bread!
The meaning of words and phrases:
verses - poems
tenderness touched the soul - a person experienced a feeling of tenderness, bright, quiet joy
cute rogues - the author calls children so because they are cunning, cheating, but their roguery is naive, there is no malicious intent in it
holy kindness - holy kindness, because it is selfless, deeply sincere
mushroom raids - fun trips to the forest for mushrooms
planer - carpentry tool
a blue ribbon - the author compares the river with a ribbon turning blue between green fields
age-old legacy - the author has in mind the best traditions of the Russian people, love for work, for the motherland
labor bread - bread that is not obtained for free, but thanks to great labor.
2. Write out from the poem the words that were incorrectly pronounced by peasant children, for example: get out, don’t get caught, they’ll steal ... How to pronounce them, put the correct stress.
Look at it, look at it, it's easy.
3. In the works you have read, there are many words that are undeservedly rarely used in modern Russian, for example, statue, majestic, darling, destiny, command. Explain the meaning of these words.
A sculpture is a sculptural image; statue.
Velichava - imbued with solemn beauty, grandeur;
testifying to inner dignity; majestic.
Rodimenko - his own, dear.
Destiny - share, fate, fate.
