The enemy experienced a lot that day, What does a Russian battle mean, our hand-to-hand combat!...
In this poem, Lermontov expressed his love for true Russia, for the Russia-Fatherland.
One of the best examples of the poet's patriotic lyrics, a kind of result of many years of reflection, is the poem "Motherland". The theme of the poem is defined by its title "Motherland". This is no longer Russia in "blue uniforms", submissive and dependent. This is the country of the Russian people, the fatherland of the poet. The poet calls his love "strange":
I love the Fatherland, but strange love!
My mind won't defeat her.
Nor glory bought with blood
Not full of proud trusting peace,
No dark antiquity cherished legends
Do not stir in me a pleasurable dream.
But I love - for what I do not know myself -
Her steppes are cold silence,
Her boundless forests sway,
The floods of her rivers are like the seas...
This love is not like the bureaucratic patriotism of the ruling classes. It is made up of the poet's ardent love for the Russian people and Russian nature, inimitable and unique. The poem recreates beautiful landscapes, sketches from life common man: “The spills of her rivers, like the seas”, “the cold silence of the steppes”, “the forests of boundless swaying”, “And on the hill among the yellow fields / A couple of whitening birches”. The lyrical hero of Lermontov is happy to see all this. Further, the poet's thought turns to the people. Showing the life of the village, the activities of ordinary people Lermontov reveals the image of Russia more fully and multifaceted.
And, with a slow gaze piercing the shadow of the night, To meet on the sides, sighing about an overnight stay, The trembling lights of sad villages.
The poet, who grew up in the village, is close and understandable to the life of a peasant, everything that is connected with him is dear:
With joy unfamiliar to many, I see a full threshing floor, A hut covered with straw, A window with shear shutters.
The lyrical hero is glad to show us the “full threshing floor”, a sign of peasant well-being, some simple household items. All this adds up to an image native land, his "small homeland". Before the reader appears the people on weekdays and holidays:
And on a holiday, in the dewy evening To look until midnight ready To dance with stomping and whistling To the sound of drunken peasants.
The poem was first written in iambic six-foot and pentameter, then in four-foot. The rhyme is also varied - alternating, embracing and paired rhyme. The vocabulary of the poem from literary and bookish (“glory bought with blood”) is replaced by simple colloquial speech (“smoke of stubble”, “talk of drunken peasants”). Lermontov appears in Rodina as a realist poet. This was highly appreciated by Dobrolyubov, who wrote that “Lermontov, of course, had talent and, who knew how to comprehend shortcomings early, modern society, knew how to understand that salvation from this false path is found only in the people. The poet was above the prejudices of patriotism and truly understood love for the Fatherland. This amazing poem "Motherland" speaks of a turn in Lermontov's work, of the poet's interest in social problems.
Another wonderful poem "When the yellowing field is agitated ..." continues the theme of love for the Fatherland. Exactly native nature is able to give inspiration to a tormented soul, fill a person with new strength:
Then my anxiety subsides. Then the wrinkles on the forehead disperse, And I can comprehend happiness on earth, And in heaven I see God!...
Love for the motherland is not born with a person, it is not inherent in the genetic sense. It must be nurtured and “cultivated” in oneself. But, probably, no matter how life develops, each of us will miss our homeland, our “ small motherland". Miss Russian nature, familiar places. And you don't have to be persecuted to understand that. It is enough just to look around and take a closer look at the places around us to understand that you are a part of this world. Then it becomes clear what our great-grandfathers and grandfathers, the entire Russian people fought for throughout the centuries. They fought for their history, for their nation, for their relatives and friends, for their descendants, for us. So that we can now see all this, live in our homeland, protect it for future generations.
Is it easy to read poetry? Is it easy to write poetry?.. The works of some poets are becoming a thing of the past, the work of others continues to live for centuries. But there are truly immortal creators, whose poems you read and reread, each time discovering something new for yourself and becoming richer in soul. One of these poets for me is Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Why?
The poet solved problems of universal scale. He was gone. Now other poets are solving the same problems. Life goes on. And in this Life there is a place for Lermontov. His work is multifaceted and amazing. In his poems, he addresses various aspects of human life and various moral and ethical problems. A poet and a citizen, Lermontov loved Russia, loved its people, its nature, wished his country happiness. To love the Motherland in the understanding of the poet meant - to fight for its freedom, to hate those who keep their native country in chains of slavery.
Love for Russia is the theme of many of Lermontov's poems ("Two Giants", "Borodino", "Complaint of a Turk"). Moreover, the poet shows the Motherland two-faced. On the one hand, he exposes the dark side of the Nikolaev gendarme empire in all its anti-human ugliness. On the other hand, he paints folk Russia, bright, solemn, majestic, in which the ordinary and the grandiose are equally poetic. Such a two-faced Russia for every Russian person of that time was a real historical reality.
This theme is revealed with special force and completeness in the poem "Motherland", created by the poet in 1841, a few months before his tragic death. Lermontov declares his connection with his native Russian nature, with the Russian people, their sorrows and joys. The poet calls his love for the Motherland "strange", because he loves its people, nature, but hates the "country of masters" - autocratic-feudal, official Russia:
I love the Fatherland, but with a strange love:
My mind won't win her
Nor glory bought with blood
Nor full of proud trust peace.
What does the poet love, indifferent to military glory, and to the stately peace of the state, and even to the legends of dark antiquity? Here's what he loves:
On a country road I like to ride in a cart
And, with a slow gaze piercing the shadow of the night,
Meet around, sighing about an overnight stay,
The flickering lights of sad villages.
Lermontov's patriotism is revealed in this poem. The sincerity, artlessness of the poet's feelings for the Motherland is emphasized by simple, rural images. Thus, a truly popular image of Russia is being created.
Lermontov, in my opinion, can be called with full confidence a patriot of his Fatherland. He is alien to ostentatious, simulated feelings, therefore he is not interested in Russia of cities and royal court. He does not accept the official point of view, according to which the native country is an ideal state. Russia Lermontov appears in a completely different light:
Farewell, unwashed Russia,
Country of slaves, country of masters...
Russia was part of art world Lermontov through images of native nature. Most often, these images were associated with the Penza land, with the estate of the poet's grandmother in Tarkhany:
And I see myself as a child, and around
Native all places: high manor house
And a garden with a destroyed greenhouse,
A green net of herbs will cover the old pond,
And behind the pond the village smokes, and they get up
In the distance fog over the fields.
The theme of the Motherland is clearly seen in the poem "Borodino". It is strongly associated with the idea of sincere, great patriotism and the willingness to die for one's native country and for its peace:
What is there to be cunning, perhaps to battle:
We will go to break the wall,
And we will stand with our heads
For your homeland!
Here it is, according to Lermontov - true love for the native land, love without pathos and lofty phrases, true and deep love. For a poet, Russia is different, but this is its true charm and beauty. He madly loves Russia and at the same time despises her for inertia, vanity and pretense, but he cannot imagine his life without her, so different and unpredictable.
In his works, he repeatedly addressed the theme of the Motherland. More precisely, the theme of the Motherland was one of the leading themes in the work of this great Russian poet. Patriotic took a strong place in the mind of Lermontov. In his opinion, the attitude to the Motherland determines the position of both the person and the poet. passionately loved Russia, its atmosphere and customs. But here's what's amazing. Lermontov spoke unusually tenderly about Russian nature, about Russian traditions and about the simple Russian people. And at the same time, he had a deep dislike for secular society, its pretense and falsehood. Lermontov, continuing to develop the traditions of Pushkin and Radishchev, dreams of seeing the country free and flourishing, without arbitrariness and lawlessness. And the people are strong and mighty! This explains a certain duality of his poems dedicated to the Motherland. So, in the poem “Farewell, unwashed Russia”, he criticizes reality and this “country of slaves, the country of masters”, it sounds hatred, sarcasm, satirical denunciation of the ruling classes. It is difficult for him, a free man, to be under the constant supervision of the authorities. And the poet hates this meek and submissive Russia. In 1837 Lermontov wrote his famous Borodino. This is the first embodiment of thoughts and feelings that live in the soul of a patriotic poet. It is imbued with pride for its people, for its strength and courage:
The enemy experienced a lot that day, What does Russian combat mean, Our hand-to-hand combat! ...
In this poem, Lermontov expressed his love for true Russia, for the Russia-Fatherland.
One of the best examples of the poet's patriotic lyrics, a kind of result of many years of reflection, is the poem "Motherland". The theme of the poem is defined by its title "Motherland". This is no longer Russia in "blue uniforms", submissive and dependent. This is the country of the Russian people, the fatherland of the poet. The poet calls his love "strange":
I love the Fatherland, but with a strange love!
My mind won't defeat her.
Nor glory bought with blood
Not full of proud trusting peace,
No dark antiquity cherished legends
Do not stir in me a pleasurable dream.
But I love - for what I do not know myself -
Her steppes are cold silence,
Her boundless forests sway,
The floods of her rivers are like the seas...
This love is not like the bureaucratic patriotism of the ruling classes. It is made up of the poet's ardent love for the Russian people and Russian nature, inimitable and unique. The poem recreates beautiful landscapes, sketches from the life of a simple person: “The floods of her rivers are like seas”, “the cold silence of the steppes”, “forests of boundless swaying”, “And on a hill among a yellow field / A couple of whitening birches”. The lyrical hero of Lermontov is happy to see all this. Further, the poet's thought turns to the people. Showing the villages, the activities of ordinary people Lermontov reveals Russia more fully and multifaceted.
And, with a slow gaze piercing the shadow of the night, To meet on the sides, sighing about an overnight stay, The trembling lights of sad villages.
The poet, who grew up in the village, is close and understandable to the life of a peasant, everything that is connected with him is dear:
With joy unfamiliar to many, I see a full threshing floor, A hut covered with straw, A window with shear shutters.
The lyrical hero is glad to show us the “full threshing floor”, a sign of peasant well-being, some simple household items. All this adds up to the image of his native land, his "small motherland". Before the reader appears the people on weekdays and holidays:
And on a holiday, in the dewy evening To look until midnight ready To dance with stomping and whistling To the sound of drunken peasants.
The poem was first written in iambic six-foot and pentameter, then in four-foot. The rhyme is also varied - alternating, embracing and paired rhyme. The vocabulary of the poem from literary and bookish (“glory bought with blood”) is replaced by simple colloquial speech (“smoke of stubble”, “talk of drunken peasants”). Lermontov appears in Rodina as a realist poet. This was highly appreciated by Dobrolyubov, who wrote that “Lermontov, of course, had talent and, who knew how to comprehend the shortcomings of modern society early, knew how to understand that salvation from this false path is only among the people.” The poet was above the prejudices of patriotism and truly understood love for the Fatherland. This amazing poem "Motherland" speaks of a turn in Lermontov, of the poet's interest in social problems.
Another wonderful poem "When the yellowing field is agitated ..." continues the love for the Fatherland. It is native nature that can give inspiration to a tormented soul, fill a person with new strength:
Then my anxiety subsides. Then the wrinkles on the brow diverge, And I can comprehend on earth, And in heaven I see God!...
Love for the motherland is not born with a person, it is not inherent in the genetic sense. It must be nurtured and “cultivated” in oneself. But, probably, no matter how life develops, each of us will miss our Motherland, our “small Motherland”. Miss Russian nature, familiar places. And you don't have to be persecuted to understand that. It is enough just to look around and take a closer look at the places around us to understand that you are a part of this world. Then it becomes clear what our great-grandfathers and grandfathers, the entire Russian people fought for throughout the centuries. They fought for their history, for their nation, for their relatives and friends, for their descendants, for us. So that we can now see all this, live in our homeland, protect it for future generations.
Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov was born in 1814. He lived in an era of collapse of hopes and ideals, spiritual emptiness and lack of faith in the possibility of improving the situation. His childhood fell on the time of the dissemination of the ideas of Decembristism, and his youthful years - on the suppression of the Decembrist uprisings and bans on underground activities. The future writer was brought up in a freedom-loving atmosphere that did not recognize pragmatism. Therefore, such social events could not but affect the worldview and worldview of the poet. Being a man with a deeply lyrical mindset, Lermontov vividly experienced and reacted to the riots and subsequent executions of participants in the Decembrist movement. The theme of the Motherland in Lermontov's lyrics repeatedly sounds like one of the key themes of the Decembrist ideology.
To begin with, it must be said that during this period the very understanding of literature changes, its functions and general cultural significance change. Up to early XVIII century literary life was concentrated in the church. However, closer to XVII century satires began to appear, ridiculing church realities, the sins of the church fathers, bribery and drunkenness of priests. As a result, the authority of the church fell. Accordingly, instead of the church, which had lost its power and influence, it was necessary to find a new landmark. Starting from the 17th century, Russian literature gradually took on the role of an informer about life, religion, moral principles and political events. TO XIX century against the backdrop of deteriorating public life, serfdom and the lack of personal freedoms, the spiritual and cultural role of literature increased significantly, which led to a completely new cultural phenomenon - literary centrism. The 19th century was a century of national upsurge, the formation of the self-consciousness of the people. Works appear lyrical hero who aspires to the ideal, he is free and a priori cannot find a common language or come to a consensus with society or the authorities. It was thanks to the spread of the ideas of humanism in literature that the Russian intelligentsia was formed.
Stages of creativity M. Yu. Lermontov
Student period
In literary criticism, it is customary to divide the writer's work into two stages. The theme of the motherland in Lermontov's poetry has always been one of the main topics that the writer addressed in different years own life. In Lermontov's poems, which refer to the first, so-called student period of creativity, the cult of Decembristism is clearly visible, despite the fact that by 1828 the Decembrist uprising was completely suppressed. The motifs of freedom and tyranny, the struggle against the monarchy and the possibility of a new rebellion are repeatedly repeated. The theme of the motherland in the work of Lermontov's "student" period sounds different than that of his predecessors (for example, A. Pushkin or K. Ryleev).
The lyrical hero in the works of this time is resolute and uncompromising. He reacts sharply to the injustice of this world, moving away from it and rising above reality. This is a typical romantic hero characteristic of Western literature. In the first period of creativity, Lermontov is dominated by a romantic beginning. The narrative reflects the author's ideals, the lyrical hero is often the alter ego of the author himself. This is a multifaceted, infinite and inexhaustible personality, striving for absolute freedom. As mentioned earlier, the lyrical hero cannot find points of contact with the surrounding reality, including his homeland:
“I ran through the countries of Russia,
Like a poor wanderer among people;
Everywhere hissing deceit of the snake "
1829, "To D ... wu (I ran through the countries of Russia ...)"
It is interesting that civil lyrics in their pure form are practically not found in Lermontov. Very often, the works reveal a complex synthesis of philosophical, civil and personal principles. IN civil lyrics reflected the protest against slavery and oppression:
"Why can't I soar in the sky
And only the freedom to love?
"The last descendant of brave fighters
Fading among alien snows;
I was born here, but my soul is not from here...
ABOUT! why am I not a raven of the steppe? .. "
1831, "Desire (Why am I not a raven of the steppe?)"
In the first lines, the motive of freedom and the desire for it are repeated. In the finale, this motif is strengthened, reaching a new level due to the mention of native lands. It turns out that the lyrical hero of Lermontov is alien not only to society with certain established standards, but also to the mentality itself. It is noteworthy: the poet uses the word "fatherland", and not "homeland", this gives reason to believe that it is the political structure of the state that is alien and incomprehensible to him.
The call to uncompromisingly follow civic duty can be traced in such poems as "From Patkul", 1831.
“In vain poisonous malice of enemies,
God and the traditions of people will judge us;
Though different by fate, we both fight
For the happiness and glory of their homeland.
And in the poem "Three nights I spent without sleep":
"The blood of the brethren,
The blood of old people, trampled children -
weighed down on my soul,
And proceeded to the heart, and forcibly
Made him break the bonds
Her own, and turned everything into revenge.
mature period
In 1837, on the 25th anniversary of the victory over the French in the war of 1812, Lermontov wrote "Borodino" - one of the most famous poems among readers today. It was from 1837 that the second period of the poet's work began. At the mature stage of writing, Lermontov somewhat departs from the principles of romanticism, realistic tendencies penetrate his work. However, when moving from a romantic concept to a realistic one, there is not a substitution, but a synthesis, a combination of the principles of the two literary genres. In Borodino, for the first time, not a lyrical hero appears, but a narrator who was a participant in the events. This is an ordinary old soldier who fought for the freedom of his land. Not a military commander or a general leading an army into battle, reflecting and doubting, overcome by doubts and heavy thoughts that the battle can be lost. Borodino was written from a democratic, people's point of view. The poem clearly shows the equation of "I" with "we". Not “I” go into battle, wait for buckshot and go to the French, but an all-encompassing “we”, moving in a single impulse and with a single goal:
And we promised to die
And the oath of allegiance was kept
We are in the battle of Borodino.
The theme of the Motherland here is associated with the theme of the Fatherland. Lermontov does not share the concepts of the state and the native land, because in the minds of ordinary fighters they are inseparable. Soldiers are ready to serve and die for their native land simply because it is native to them. They fight not with the names of military leaders on their lips, but with cries:
"Guys! Isn't Moscow behind us?
Let's die near Moscow
How our brothers died!”
One of the key works in the cycle about the motherland is the poem of the same name, written in 1841. The first lines of the poem became winged, they characterize Lermontov's attitude to his native land:
“I love my homeland, but with a strange love!”
Here is given a whole, unified, undivided image of peasant Russia. The theme of the motherland and nature are inextricably linked. The author again shows that he is attracted by the beauty of nature, the spiritual richness of the people, the stunning beauty of landscapes, literally breathing measured life and "old legends". Here appear descriptions of everyday realities, the subtle elegance of carved shutters and the comfort of thatched huts. The poet is fascinated by literally everything that falls into his field of vision. We can say that the general mood of the work is dreamy-pastoral, with low notes of melancholy.
Presumably in 1841 Lermontov wrote another poem - "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...". It is opposite in relation to the previously described "Motherland". We are talking about a state with a political system rotten from the inside and a people who are satisfied with this situation. The poem consists of two quatrains. The first can be called accusatory, the second speaks of the Caucasus.
"Farewell, unwashed Russia,
Country of slaves, country of masters,
And you, blue uniforms,
And you, their devoted people.Perhaps behind the wall of the Caucasus
I will hide from your pashas,
From their all-seeing eye
From their all-hearing ears."
It is obvious that mountains are hidden behind the poetic figure of the “walls of the Caucasus”. The Caucasus, of course, had a great influence on the formation of Lermontov as a poet and as a person, however, it is worth noting: the author speaks of an escape, but not from one country to another, but from a state to another, free from conventions and schemes, land. As in "Motherland", the motives of nature sound here, in which the lyrical hero seeks to find refuge.
THE THEME OF THE HOMELAND IN LERMONTOV'S LYRICS
1. Introduction.
The theme of patriotism is one of the main ones in the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov.
2. The main part.
2.1 Borodino.
2.2 "Death of a Poet".
2.3 "Motherland".
3. Conclusion.
People's Russia.
When in barren Rus',
Having parted with false tinsel,
Thought will find a simple language
Lermontov Love for the Motherland is natural for any person. We miss being far from our native places, we are going through difficult times together with our country, we are proud of the glorious historical past of our Fatherland. The patriotic theme is one of the leading themes in the lyrics of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
The poem "Borodino" was one of the first works of the poet, which embodied his thoughts and feelings about the Motherland. Simply, sincerely, without pomposity and boasting, the story of an ordinary soldier about the Battle of Borodino sounds. Lermontov conveys the mood of Russian soldiers before the battle, their love for their Fatherland and determination to die for it, high heroism. The words put into the mouth of the colonel were repeated more than once by many Soviet soldiers of subsequent eras: “Guys! not Moscow, but we will die for us near Moscow,
How our brothers died
Life modern Russia never left the poet indifferent and always found a response in his work. The most striking and topical poems of Lermontov became a noticeable phenomenon in the life of Russian society. Recall at least a work dedicated to the tragic death of A. S. Pushkin.
In the poem "The Death of a Poet" there is not only civil indignation, but also a clear protest against the Nikolaev reality, in which the most talented people of Russia are dying. Lermontov blamed the high society and high-ranking officials for ruining Pushkin's "free, bold gift." “I love my homeland, but with a strange love,” exclaims Lermontov in the poem “Motherland”.
In it, the poet created magnificent pictures of Russian nature: the cold silence of the steppes, "forests of boundless swaying", floods of rivers similar to the seas. Steppes, forests and seas - such landscapes are typical for Russian folklore when it comes to describing the Motherland. Then the poet leads us to the village, and the reader is presented with a picture of the life of ordinary Russian people. This life is close and understandable to Lermontov:
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And on a holiday, dewy evening,
Ready to watch until midnight
To a dance with stomping and whistling
To the sound of drunken men.
Lermontov's attitude to Russia has always been controversial. The poet dearly loved Russian nature, the people, glorified the glorious historical past of the country. But he also saw Russia from the other side: he saw a despotic and cruel power, suppressing any manifestation of free thought. That is why the poet loves his homeland with a "strange love."
Lermontov himself names forms of patriotism alien to him: he is not interested in "glory bought with blood". He loves folk, peasant Russia: thatched roofs, sad villages. In this poem, the patriotic theme is lyrical. "Motherland" is one of the last poems of Lermontov, so it is perceived as a final, generalizing work.
