What is teleportation? The word is a mixture of the Greek tele (-far) and the Latin portare (-to carry).
I like the movie Teleport. Haven't reviewed it for a long time. Usually it is this spatial movement that is called teleportation. Is teleportation possible in this form?
In academic science, there is only one term associated with teleportation - this is quantum teleportation. Of course, scientists and philosophers consider theories about wormholes, parallel worlds and spaces, and so on. But I'm only interested in theories that have been confirmed by experience, or a good theoretical justification, which can become a real basis for technical implementation.
quantum teleportation
The essence of the phenomenon of quantum teleportation (briefly, further CT) in that we do not transmit energy or matter over a distance. There is only information transfer. And it does not contradict any hitherto known principles.
It remains to be seen how the possibility of teleporting information is combined with the principle of locality, according to which only its close environment can influence the state of an object.
The transmission of information using QDs requires the transport of quantum objects (one of a pair of quantum-entangled particles) and additional transmission of information by conventional communication channels.
Therefore, CT does not even pretend to be an instantaneous communication channel (null transmitter).
Data transmission in space
There are well-known problems with communication with satellites remote in space. Signals propagate at the speed of light, therefore communication delays even with the Moon are several seconds (at least the signal must reach the Moon and then return some response).
And if we take Mars, for which various missions are now preparing, then the time of the signal from the Earth on the way will depend on mutual position planets and can reach tens of minutes.
In this regard, in our time autonomous spacecraft must make decisions on the spot.
Perhaps someday the use of CT for null communication will become a reality. Theoretically, the device can fly away with a "reserve" of bound particles, which it will use as needed. And there is some way to replenish them.
I will return to this topic (zero connection) later.
Teleportation
So far, physicists do not see opportunities for teleportation. Why? At least for the simple reason that there are no prerequisites to make changes to the principle of conservation of energy. The principle was introduced empirically, therefore, perhaps, physicists still lose sight of something :), and the law may not be observed under some conditions. Who knows?
We cannot "delete" an object at one point in space and insert it elsewhere. All "transformations" of an object must be smoothly connected to each other. A transmission channel is required.
Alternatives
Let's see what the alternatives are. The first idea, which is also present in fiction, is copying.
copying
The teleportation object is scanned at the point A, and at the point B a full copy is created. What to do with a prototype? Apparently, the prototype will have to be disposed of.
Imagine a kind of bio-printer with a shredder :).
The task of scanning and copying is very complex. It can be simplified, taking into account that some parts of the object require more accurate reproduction, and some do not. For example, copying the lunch that is digested inside your digestive tract is an unaffordable luxury. And copying pathologies, acquired mutations, defects is generally stupid. You need to copy the brain of the object, the rest needs only to be reconstructed.
Consciousness and container
What is our sense of presence at this point, here and now? This is just a set of impulses from our "biological sensors" to the processing center of these sensors - the brain.
Our consciousness is formed by the brain, the rest of the body is a container, a shell for our nerve center. If it is possible to separate the functioning brain from the shell, and then create a mechanism for remote “connection” to the synthetic shell, then switching between carriers will be perceived as “teleportation of consciousness”.
Coming back to earth
Returning from "heaven to earth", it is interesting to look at what stage the required technologies are for creating alternative teleportation.
Null bond
As for the null link, which is required for fast data transmission over cosmic distances, fundamental physics says that this is possible.
Bio scanner, printer, shredder
Subatomic scanning particle by particle with the creation of a copy is not yet a feasible task. In general, this is a subject for a separate flight of fancy.
There are several difficulties here, and not only technical ones. I have already mentioned at least one thing - the “prototype problem” - where to put it then? The second problem is the definition of scanning speed. How quickly do you need to analyze the prototype so that the vital activity of the object does not affect this process? Given the subatomic nature of this process, the times can be pico and even femtosecond ranges.
But compared to the subsequent task of creating a copy, scanning is child's play.
Perhaps I am overcomplicating the task, and it is enough just to scan the positions of the cells of the body. How the brain works is not entirely clear. How detailed should it be “photographed” in order to be able to copy the person imprinted in it?
Well. We will continue to develop comprehensively: not only information technology, but also physically. :)
Mankind has come up with a lot of interesting abilities that we would like to use now, but everything is not as simple as it is shown to us in science fiction films. The previous object of our discussion was "Invisibility". Now let's talk about teleportation.
Teleportation, or the ability to instantly move people and objects from one place to another, can easily change the direction of civilization and the whole world in general. For example, teleportation would change the principles of warfare once and for all, make all means of transportation unnecessary, and best of all: vacations would no longer be a problem. Well, who doesn't want to have their own personal teleporter at home? Probably for this reason, this ability is the most desired by mankind. Of course, sooner or later, it is physics that will have to translate this dream into reality. Well, let's see what humanity already has in our time?
I would like to start with a quote from a famous scientist:
It is great that we have met with a paradox. Now we can hope to move forward. © Niels Bohr
Teleportation according to Newton
Within the framework of Newton's theory, teleportation is simply impossible. Newton's laws are based on the idea that matter is made up of tiny hard billiard balls. Objects don't move unless pushed; objects do not disappear or reappear elsewhere. But in quantum theory, particles can do just such tricks.Newtonian mechanics held on to power for 250 years and was overthrown in 1925 when Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and their colleagues developed quantum theory. In general, if teleportation is ever realized, it will be thanks to the Quantum Theory. So let's look at it in more detail.
Quantum theory
One of the most important equations in teleportation is the Schrödinger wave equation (see photo). Perhaps it is worth talking about how it appeared. Once Erwin gave a lecture about an interesting phenomenon, which said that electrons behave in the same way as waves. One of the fellow physicists present in the hall, Peter Debye, asked the question: “If an electron can be described as a wave, then what does its wave equation look like?”By that time, thanks to Newton, everyone already knew differential calculus, physicists described any wave in the language of differential. equations. Therefore, Schrodinger took this question as a challenge and decided to develop a similar equation for the electron. And he did it, just as Maxwell once derived his equations for Faraday fields, Schrödinger derived the equation for the de Broglie wave (the so-called electron wave).
Slight digression: historians of science have spent a lot of effort trying to figure out where Schrödinger was and what he was doing when he discovered his famous equation. It turned out that he was a supporter of free love and often went on vacation with his mistresses. He even kept a detailed diary in which he entered all his mistresses and marked each meeting with a complex cipher. It is believed that the weekend when the equation was discovered, Schrödinger spent in the Alps, at Villa Herwig, with one of his girlfriends. So women can sometimes contribute to stimulation mental activity;)
But not everything is so simple. If an electron is described as a wave, then what oscillates in it? The answer is currently considered to be the following thesis of Max Born: these waves are nothing but probability waves. That is, an electron is a particle, but the probability of detecting this particle is given by the de Broglie wave. It turns out that suddenly in the very center of physics - a science that previously gave us accurate predictions and detailed trajectories of any objects, from planets and comets to cannonballs - there were the concepts of chance and probability! From here came the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: it is impossible to know the exact speed, the exact position of an electron and its energy at the same moment. At the quantum level, electrons can do absolutely unimaginable things: disappear, then reappear, be in two places at the same time. Well, now let's go directly to teleportation.
Teleportation and quantum theory
When people are asked, "How do you imagine the process of teleportation?", most say that they should sit in some kind of special cabin, similar to an elevator, which will take them to another place. But some imagine it differently: they collect information from us about the position of atoms, electrons, etc. in our body, all this information is transferred to another place, where, using this information, you are collected again, but in another place. This option is perhaps impossible due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: we will not be able to know the exact location of the electrons in the atom. However, this principle can be overcome due to an interesting property of two electrons: if two electrons initially oscillate in unison (this state is called coherent), then they are able to maintain wave synchronization even at a great distance from each other. Even if these electrons are light years away. If something happens to the first electron, then information about it will be immediately transferred to another electron. This phenomenon is called quantum entanglement. Taking advantage of this phenomenon, physicists have been able to teleport entire cesium atoms over the years, and soon they may be able to teleport DNA molecules and viruses. By the way, it was mathematically possible to prove the fundamental possibility of teleportation in 1993. an IBM scientist led by Charles Bennett. So they are not only able to make processors, if anyone did not know :)In 2004, physicists at the University of Vienna managed to teleport particles of light 600m under the Danube River via fiber optic cable, thus setting a new distance record. In 2006, for the first time, a macroscopic object was involved in such experiments. Physicists from the Niels Bohr Institute and the Max Planck Institute managed to entangle a beam of light and a gas consisting of cesium atoms. Many trillions of atoms participated in this event!
Unfortunately, using this method to teleport solid and relatively large objects is terribly inconvenient, so teleportation without entanglement is likely to develop faster. Let's break it down below.
Teleportation without entanglement
Research in this area is rapidly gaining momentum. Made in 2007 important discovery. Physicists have proposed a method of teleportation that does not require entanglement. After all, this is the most complex element of quantum teleportation, and if you manage not to use it, you will be able to avoid many related problems. So, this is the essence of this method: scientists take a beam of rubidium atoms, translate all its information into a beam of light, send this beam through a fiber optic cable, and then recreate the original beam of atoms in another place. Responsible for this study, Dr. Aston Bradley called this method classical teleportation.But because of what this method available? It is possible due to the recently discovered state of matter "Bose-Einstein condensate", or BEC (In the image on the left, it is spun in an ellipsoid trap). It is one of the coldest substances in the entire universe. In nature, the lowest temperature can be found in space: 3 Kelvin, i.e. three degrees above absolute zero. This is due to the residual heat big bang, which still fills the universe. But BEC exists from one millionth to one billionth of a degree above absolute zero. This temperature can only be obtained in the laboratory.
When a substance is cooled to the BEC state, all atoms fall to the lowest energy level and begin to vibrate in unison (become coherent). The wave functions of all these atoms overlap, so in a sense, the BEC resembles a giant "superatom". The existence of this substance was predicted by Einstein and Shatyendranath Bose in 1925, but this condensate was discovered only in 1995 in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Colorado.
So, now let's consider the very principle of teleportation with the participation of the CBE. First, a supercold substance is collected from rubidium atoms in the BEC state. Then ordinary rubidium atoms are sent to this CBE, the electrons of which also begin to fall to the lowest energy level, emitting light quanta, which in turn are transmitted through a fiber optic cable. Moreover, this beam contains all the necessary information to describe the initial beam of matter. Passing through the cable, the light beam enters another BEC, which turns it into the original flow of matter.
Scientists consider this method extremely promising, but there are also problems. For example, CBE is very difficult to obtain even in the laboratory.
Conclusion
Can we say, in view of all that has already been achieved, when we ourselves will receive this amazing ability? In the coming years, physicists hope to teleport complex molecules. After that, it will probably take several decades to develop a way to teleport DNA, or maybe some kind of virus. However, the technical challenges that will need to be overcome on the way to such an achievement are amazing. It will most likely be many centuries before we can teleport ordinary objects, if at all possible.You can find quite a few comments on this topic.
P.S. If you noticed some blatant lies in the article, then I apologize in advance, since most of the ideas that are described here are taken from the book. Therefore, you need to argue not with me, but with its author. Thank you.
Material used: Michio Kaku "Physics of the Impossible"
Question. Please answer a small question. Imagine that you have a device at home that can teleport you to any place in our Galaxy. What places would you like to visit first? I would like to visit the planet "Mars" and in the office of Sergey Brin: I would like to drink tea with him and talk heart to heart about the future fate of mankind.
Frame from the film "The Fly" 1958
Photo: sky.com
Topics of the day
The most popular and most scientific theories about movement in space.
Today, the media reported that there is a government program in Russia that studies the possibility of teleportation . Scientists set themselves a very ambitious goal: to learn teleportation by 2035.
Theories about teleportation
The idea of teleportation, as you might guess, came from the realm of science fiction. The term was first used by the US writer Charles Fort in 1931, describing in his publications cases of unusual disappearances and appearances. The most popular in Russia was his work "The Book of the Damned" ("1001 Forgotten Miracles"), in which he just described phenomena inexplicable from the point of view of science.
However, for the first time in theory, the idea took shape even before the appearance of the term. In 1899, the scientist Ambrose Bierce (also from the USA) hypothesized that our world consists of holes and voids and compared it to a sweater: “You can wear it, although if you look closely, the sweater consists of holes. Suppose an ant got on the sleeve. He can accidentally fall between the loops and get into a completely different world for him, where it is dark and stuffy, and instead of the usual spruce needles - warm, soft skin. Bierce believed that it was possible to travel through holes in space if a guide was found.
According to another theory, there are black holes in space that can suck matter into themselves with the help of gravity, and if such a hole is artificially created, it can serve as a space-time portal, using which you can overcome any distance in an instant. The journey is made along a certain course, in which space and time are absent. The theory of existence 3D worlds(like ours) "bridges", representing the fourth dimension, was first proposed by Albert Einstein.
Another theory - about parallel worlds - belongs to the physicist Ralph Harrison. The scientist admitted that these parallel worlds permeate ours and that there are points of greatest contact between the worlds - large swirls of air or water. Harrison also believed that such swirl points could appear spontaneously, for example, due to the weather. One of the points of intersection of our world with parallel ones was the famous Bermuda Islands, near which the Gulf Stream passes. Under certain conditions, vortices can turn into portals and carry objects in space. But Harrison always emphasized that such travel is dangerous because it is spontaneous and unpredictable.
quantum teleportation
Only one type of teleportation is available to modern science - quantum teleportation, within the framework of which not even the elementary particle itself, but only its state can be transmitted to a distance. If we take a pair of coupled (entangled) particles and space them apart at any distance, a change in the state of one of the particles will instantly cause the same change in the other particle. It has already become the rule. The use of entangled particles (particles with a common past that were formed during the decay of a single particle and whose states are interconnected regardless of location) to transfer the states of one object to another was invented by Charles Bennett in the 1990s.
Quantum teleportation of the photon state was first registered in 1997.
They tried to develop the theory of quantum teleportation: if you know exactly the quantum state of all the atoms of the human body and have the same number of atoms at the end point of teleportation, you can transfer this state from one atom to another. In this case, the first body (at point A) will cease to exist, and exactly the same will appear at point B. Theoretically, this is possible, but in practice, when it comes to a living being, the question arises: will the new body retain life and mind. Neuroscience says that point B will be a recreated dead body.
So far, it is impossible to "scan" all the atoms of the human body so quickly (an adult consists of approximately 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms) so that not one of them has time to change its position, which is the key to saving the life of a teleported creature. The problem is the transmission of the received data about atoms: the most advanced communication line can reach speeds of up to 100 terabits per second. With such capabilities, it will take about 12 million years to transmit data about each atom encoded by one byte.
hole teleportation
Another type of teleportation, which is considered in science, is hole. The theory developed by Konstantin Leshan implies the direct movement of the object, without destroying and recreating copies. Traveling in space, along it, can be carried out through "zero-transitions" - these same holes, a kind of teleport doors. Zero transitions can be created artificially or natural ones can be found (natural ones should be sought in accordance with the theory of parallel worlds and vortices).
Such a variant of teleportation would undoubtedly be safer for a person, since his atomic structure does not change. Minus - it is impossible to predict the place of materialization of the object, which is also unsafe in its own way. An even greater minus is that for the further development of the theory of hole teleportation, it is necessary that natural holes reveal themselves with greater or lesser certainty.
On practice
The most famous teleportation experiment, which has already become a legend, is Einstein's experiment in 1943 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Hoping to get a device from scientists that makes ships invisible, the United States allocated the destroyer Eldridge with a crew on board for the experiment.
With the help of high-frequency magnetic generators, the researchers managed to create a magnetic field of enormous intensity around the ship. As eyewitnesses testified, the destroyer ceased to be visible, it also could not be registered by radars. Simultaneously with the disappearance of the Eldridge, they saw it in the port of Newark, which is 100 kilometers from Philadelphia. When the field was turned off, the destroyer reappeared at the naval shipyard.
Since the US Navy officially denied this experience, an experiment that might not have happened began to grow rumors: one of the sailors went crazy due to movement in space, someone died stuck in the body of the ship itself. Einstein destroyed the works on the Philadelphia experiment, which he considered dangerous to mankind.
Cases of quantum teleportation (not as grandiose as in Philadelphia) have been registered in our time: under the leadership of the Austrian scientist Anton Zeilinger, in 2012, a photon was teleported to a distance of 143 kilometers. The result is still a record, but it did not help a person in traveling in space.
In December 2014, another experiment in the field of quantum teleportation was successfully completed - scientists from the UK moved a photon 25 kilometers along a fiber optic cable. The photon at point A and the photon at point B are one.
Any teleportation is so far only possible within the framework of the microworld - at the level of atoms. Moving in human space requires a lot of precise measurements and a lot of energy.
How artists see the result of the Philadelphia experiment
Teleportation through the eyes of directors
The most famous film is "The Fly" by Kurt Newmmann, filmed in 1958. The plot is based on a scientist's experiment on teleportation. Unfortunately for him, a fly flies into the teleport cabin, causing horrific mutations to occur to the scientist. The film was made into two sequels, as well as a full-fledged remake in 1986 starring Jeff Goldblum. In 1989, the continuation of "The Fly" was filmed, a remake about the unhappy fate of the son of a scientist, Goldblum, to whom the mutation gene was inherited.
If the films "Fly" belong to the horror genre, then Doug Liman's film "Teleport" released in 2008 is an adventure. The protagonist (Hayden Christensen), who discovered the inherited ability to teleport at a young age, suddenly begins to be pursued by members of a secret organization that has been exterminating teleporters for centuries.
I could not ignore the world cinema and the story of the Philadelphia experiment - in 2012, Paul Ziller made a film of the same name, and before that, in 1984, a tape with a similar plot was shot by Stuart Raffil.
The TV series Stargate is based on teleportation. But for teleportation, earthlings do not have to create anything: in the bowels of the planet, scientists discover ready-made gates in the form of a ring, which turn out to be a portal not only for traveling in space, but also in other worlds.
When teleportation goes wrong
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According to him, it has been proven that a person can manipulate space and time so that his actions are invisible to others. In this case, it will seem to an outside observer that the teleporter "jumps" from place to place.
This effect can be achieved by speeding up and slowing down the light rays. In this case, it is theoretically possible to reach a temporary cliff, which will be "filled" with actions. The teleportation technique has been repeatedly used in science fiction.
WHAT IT IS?
TELEPORTATION (from the Greek "tele" - far and the English "portage" - transfer, portage) - instantaneous (or very fast) movement of material bodies in space (possibly in time). The term was introduced by Charles FORT in 1930 to refer to the inexplicable invisible movements of objects in space (as opposed to telekinesis - also an inexplicable, but visible movement of bodies), while he meant that not only inanimate objects can become objects of teleportation - which on actually not always observed.
Conventionally, teleportation can be divided into instantaneous (moving at a speed close to infinity) and jump-like (moving, in which the difference in the time of disappearance and the time of the subsequent appearance of an object at a desired distant point is not equal to zero). Movements in which such a difference in time is equal to a negative value (movements into the Past) or movements only in Time (disappearances and appearances at the same place in space) cannot be considered “pure” teleportation, although they may be due, possibly, to similar reasons. Thus, teleportation speed is a rather controversial concept, and it does not always have to be instantaneous.
At present, in addition to the division by speed, the concept of teleportation should be distinguished into several more types: channel, retracting and extracting hardware, field.
Channel teleportation occurs with a body moving from a pre-installed "transmitter" to a "receiver" located at some distance from it (for example, between two fantastic "cabins at instant communication stations" or between a black hole and its hypothetical exit - "exhaust" into hyperspace ). A very weak analogue of channel teleportation is the process of transmitting information by photo telegraph or facsimile, where absolutely any images and texts are transmitted between two devices (almost at the speed of light), including those that have nothing to do with these devices, the main thing is that the texts should be format (i.e. - compatible with devices). The main problem channel teleportation is the transfer of the transported body into a form convenient for transmission to the required distance, and its subsequent restoration in the "receiver". In 1993, for technical reasons, it was not possible to test the possibility of teleporting small objects between Moscow and Rostov-on-Don (between the institutes of the MAI and the RPI), at present, the first experiments on teleportation between two identical installations that bend Space-Time are being prepared at the MAI.
Hardware retracting teleportation occurs with a body (device), which, for its own movement, needs a “receiver” or “beacon” installed at the desired point. The analogue here is pneumatic mail - any object of any shape and design (but not higher than a certain size and weight) can move to the receiving device, in this case - to the retracting vacuum pump.
Hardware pulling teleportation - similar to the previous type, with only one difference - the body (device) needs a push to move, setting the direction or otherwise helping the "transmitter" at the starting point. An analogy is a launch rocket complex, without which classical space rockets cannot take off, but after taking off from which they can fly (move) in many directions.
Field teleportation implies a change in its nature and (or) the state of the surrounding space produced by the body (device or even subject), providing the required movement. Analogue - astral flights of souls of psychics and magicians. Having left the body of the soul, according to numerous stories, they can move almost unlimitedly (just like in a dream) and at will to any point on the planet and, possibly, in space. One can also imagine a super-powerful spaceship-teleporter capable of bending the Space-Time field around itself and “falling through” into another dimension. But how to navigate in hyperspace and exit at the desired point in space? In this case, it is rather difficult to imagine the process of "pointing" to the required point in space, although for this you can use any of the above methods or in another way. For example, as a "guiding beacon" you can use some previously known property of the medium at the desired point (density of the substance of the medium, air pressure, dimensionality of space, speed-density of the physical Time and other physical constants), or you can focus on any signals , coming from the desired point (radio and television, gravitational and other waves, telepathic and other signals).
"FOCUSES" OF THE BUDDHA
A recent sensation shocked the world: during experiments conducted at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research), the speed of light was exceeded. Neutrinos, subatomic elementary particles with mass, accelerated to superluminal speeds. It turns out that 300 thousand kilometers per second is not the limit for material bodies. The results of the experiment will be tested for another five years.
And if no mistakes are found, then this tiny particle will destroy the foundation of all modern physics, along with the holy of holies modern science- Einstein's theory of relativity.
An incredible discovery opens the gate for all fantastic projects: from interstellar flights to teleportation - technology for instantaneous movement in space. The latter is the most intriguing task not only for scientists. Ideas of objects and people disappearing in one place and appearing in another, penetrating through thick walls, have been around for thousands of years.
There were legends that the Buddha disappeared from India and later a short time originated in Sri Lanka. Examples of supernatural transportation can be found in the Bible, for example, in Acts of the Holy Apostles, 8:39-40: “When they came out of the water, the Holy Spirit descended on the eunuch, and Philip was taken away by the Angel of the Lord, and the eunuch no longer saw him, but continued on his way rejoicing. And Philip ended up in Azot ... ”The information came that the saints also performed“ tricks ”of teleportation. Maybe our ancestors possessed secret but lost knowledge?
The desire for incorporeal travel is so exciting that since the beginning of the 20th century, not a single science fiction writer misses the opportunity in his books to transfer his heroes from one end of the universe to another in the blink of an eye. And in the 1990s, scientists took up this seemingly impossible dream.
TURNING INTO A FLY
The first real teleportation in human history took place in 1997. In a small dark room at the University of Innsbruck (Austria), on a laboratory stand with cables and image intensifier tubes, scientists destroyed several tiny particles of light in one place and absolutely accurately restored them in another place at a distance of about one meter. This event was compared in importance with the first steps on the surface of the moon astronauts.
Now in many laboratories of the world such teleportation is carried out daily. Physicists do not split animals and people into atoms. And they are not sent to the other end of the laboratory. And they instantly transfer a quantum - the smallest amount of any physical quantity such as light or sound.
By 2011, scientists had repeatedly managed to transfer subatomic particles and transfer the quantum properties of atoms from place to place. In some cases, they were located one and a half dozen kilometers from each other. And, as experts assure, this is not the limit - the distance at which objects can be teleported can be infinite.
On the way - instantaneous transportation of molecules, viruses, bacteria, animals and, finally, humans. Previously, scientists thought that the last stage would not pass until after a hundred years. If it works at all. After all, it was believed that the transfer process itself could not occur faster than the speed of light, and therefore incredible technical difficulties would have to be overcome.
For example, in one place to disassemble the trillions of trillions of atoms that are contained in the body of a person weighing about 70 kg, and collect in another in a fraction of a second. Yes, get the exact original. Not some hideous hybrid of human and insect, as happened in the movie "The Fly", where the hero made a mistake while teleporting. Today, due to the shaken foundations of classical physics, the dream of mankind can come true much faster.
By the way, teleportation can have an unexpected effect. According to physicist Asher Peres of the Technical Institute in Haifa, a quantum becomes "incorporeal" when it is flipped, and then "reincarnates." And when he was asked if it was possible to teleport not only the body, but also the soul, he mysteriously replied: "Only the soul."
REALITY
Last spring, Japanese physicists teleported matter Physicists from the University of Tokyo in Japan report the first successful experiment in teleporting matter. Noriyuki Lee and colleagues were able to instantly transfer a beam of light from one point of the laboratory to another, disassembling it into elementary particles - photons.
From the original beam, located at point A, the researchers left one photon that carried information about the entire beam.
This photon was, as physicists say, “quantum entangled” with another photon located just at point B. That is, these two photons instantly influenced each other, despite the distance separating them. Due to this, based on the second photon, the original beam of light was instantly recreated in a new location.
Possibility of quantum entanglement elementary particles, underlying this experiment, was first substantiated by Albert Einstein in 1935. The founder of the theory of relativity considered this his theoretical conclusion to be absurd and confirming the imperfection of the so-called "Copenhagen model" of Niels Bohr. However, in the following decades, physicists proved that quantum entanglement does indeed exist, and in early XXI century, several commercial firms at once created technologies for secure communication channels based on this paradoxical property of elementary particles. Note that, among other unusual things, this phenomenon implies the presence of many parallel universes.
Here one can also see an analogy with the "Schrödinger's cat", a thought experiment set up by another German physicist, Erwin Schrödinger, in the same 1935. In it, a cat, locked in a sealed box, literally "is between life and death" - his condition depends on the integrity of the ampoule with poisonous gas locked with him. At what point the ampoule will break is not known in advance - it depends on the decay of the radioactive atomic nucleus, which is probabilistic. While the box is closed, the cat from the point of view quantum physics alive and dead at the same time. Having opened the box, the observer passes exactly into the state of "quantum entanglement" with the animal, falling into one of parallel worlds in which it is alive or dead.
“The cat cannot be teleported in this way,” jokes physicist Philippe Grangier from the French Optical Institute (France "s Institut d" Optique), commenting on the revolutionary experiment of Japanese colleagues. According to him, if living beings - even if only primitive bacteria - could ever be teleported, then very, very slowly.
OTHER COMMENTS FROM SPECIALISTS
Deputy Dean Faculty of Physics Moscow State University Lomonosov Professor Viktor ZADKOV:
Today it is too early to talk about teleportation in the understanding of science fiction writers - the instantaneous movement of material objects (for example, people) in space. And about "quantum teleportation" is already possible. It is understood as the transfer in space not of material objects, but of an unknown quantum state of one object to another, located at a certain distance from the first. In this case, the initial quantum state of the teleported object is irreversibly destroyed.
To implement quantum teleportation schemes, you also need a conventional classical communication channel: a telephone or the Internet, for example. Thus, during quantum teleportation, neither energy nor matter is transmitted over a distance, but only information. Therefore, people and other material objects cannot teleport using quantum teleportation.
All the latest experiments, which are being carried out in many laboratories in the USA, Europe, Canada, Australia and Japan, are just another significant step towards the development of quantum physics. In Russia, no one is directly involved in quantum teleportation.
A breakthrough in the field of experiments on quantum teleportation, it seems to me, can be achieved when people learn how to teleport quantum information over distances of thousands of kilometers and beyond, although the fact that this is possible in principle is clear even now.
Leading Researcher Mathematical Institute them. V. A. Steklov RAS Professor Alexander KHOLEVO:
The essence of experiments on quantum teleportation, which is discussed in scientific papers, is as follows. There is a transmitter (let's call it "Alice") and a receiver (let's call it "Bob") remote from each other, which must be prepared in a special, coupled, quantum state and between them - a communication channel for transmitting messages. "Alice" in her laboratory performs some special measurement on particle C, the state of which must be transferred to "Bob". That one has a “blank” prepared, that is, a similar particle in some fixed initial state. "Alice" sends the results of her measurement to "Bob". Depending on the received message, “Bob” performs some specific manipulation on his “blank”, as a result of which it goes into the state in which particle C was earlier. At the same time, the state of particle C in the laboratory of “Alice” is destroyed.
Thus, "Bob" removed from "Alice" receives on the basis of his "blank" an exact copy of particle C, while "Alice" has only its ruins.
Thus, during quantum teleportation, no material object is sent from "Alice" to "Bob", but only messages about the measurement results are transmitted. It also follows from this that the teleportation of a quantum state is not instantaneous, since the speed of information transmission over a communication channel is limited at least by the speed of light.
True, recent sensational reports from CERN cast doubt on such until now unshakable statements. And most importantly, it can be seen from the foregoing that although in principle one can speak of quantum teleportation of the states of more complex systems - molecules or humans - the complexity of implementing such a scheme increases unimaginably. And will this person want to turn into something else on Earth in order to be reborn (probably with errors) on a different material basis somewhere in the constellation of the Hounds of the Dogs?
Nevertheless, it should be recognized that physical experiments on quantum teleportation of elementary particles and ions are extremely important and promising. If it is possible to find a technologically acceptable solution to this problem, then this will mean the beginning of new era V information technology, comparable, and perhaps superior in its significance and consequences to the invention of the transistor.
Based on materials from Internet sites
And here are some more interesting (obscurantist) materials, and not only on the topic of teleportation.
