How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between useful and harmful properties Sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation from the sun is

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV-A. Longwave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.

• UVB. Medium wave radiation range
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UVC. Shortwave radiation range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the Sun. However, these rescue factors are highly natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. The content of carbon dioxide also changes all the time.

At what values ​​of the UV index is there a danger

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.

What is the benefit of the sun

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet destroys the DNA strand

How does the sun affect people?

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is affected the most by the Sun?

people with light
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south

winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun most dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

For protection against destructive rays follow simple rules:

Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen differs in the degree of protection from the Sun and is marked from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet light.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.

How to apply sunscreen while swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

sunlight, reflected from water, snow or sand, can cause a painful burn of the retina. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn

Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blistering), seek medical attention. medical care

(I) Coordinates : 52°21′30″ s. sh. 115°33′45″ E d. /  52.35833° N sh. 115.56250° E d. / 52.35833; 115.56250(G) (I)

Vershino-Darasunsky- (from the Buryats. "Good water, a gift of the earth") - an urban-type settlement (since 1932) in the south of the Tungokochensky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory of Russia, a municipality. The administrative center of the urban settlement "Vershino-Darasunskoe".

One of the oldest gold mining settlements in Transbaikalia. In 1954, it was renamed Vershino-Darasunsky to distinguish it from the other two Darasun settlements that existed in the region (Darasun, Kurort-Darasun), where the definition indicates a position in the mountains, at the source (“top”) of the Darasun River, bass. Nerchi. Until 1977 as part of the Shilkinsky district.

Geography

The village is located 56 km southeast of the village. Verkh-Usugli and 260 km northeast of Chita. The Vershino-Darasunsky district also includes the villages of Yegorkino, Svetly.

Story

The emergence of Vershino-Darasunskoye is associated with the discovery in 1865 of a placer gold deposit in the Uzur-Malakhai valley (bur. usuur (үzuүr) malgay“the main (best) hat”), which in 1866 was declared the mine of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty, which was subsequently granted to the gold miner M. D. Butin. At first, selective washing of sand and work on ocher ores were carried out, the development of a gold deposit discovered in 1883 began in 1911.

In 1927, the Darasunsky mine became part of the Soyuzzoloto association, in 1930 a plant was created as part of the Vostokzoloto trust, consisting of a mine, a processing plant and auxiliary enterprises. From 1934 to 1954 - the Darasunzoloto plant as part of the Zabaikalzoloto trust, then the Darasunsky mine. In 1932 the population was 6600 people. Since 1938, the newspaper "Darasun Worker" has been published.

In 1999-2002, Talatui-Chita CJSC operated, since 2002, Rudnik Darasun LLC has been engaged in the restoration of production and gold mining. In 2002, between the administration of the Chita region and the Russdragmet company, an agreement was signed on the reconstruction of the Russdragmet enterprise - this is the management company for the enterprises of the Russian-British holding Highland Gold Mining Ltd, created to consolidate and develop Russian gold mining assets, introduce and use the most successful world technologies in gold production, development of new industrial investment projects. $28 million will be invested in the reconstruction of the mine, more than 20 of which have already been developed.

Today, a gold recovery plant has been built here, which will process 450 tons of ore and produce up to 4.5 tons of gold per year. Agrofirm "Vershino-Darasunskaya" in 2001 was reorganized into LLC "Agrogold". In 2002 the population was 6743 people.

Hero of Socialist Labor F. F. Fakhrutdinov lives in Vershino-Darasunsky. .

Quite a lot in the history of the village is occupied by correctional camps (from March 10 to April 29), which were part of the department of labor camps and colonies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Chita region, but subordinated to the Special Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, engaged in direct servicing of gold mining enterprises. The special contingent was used for the maintenance of the Darasunzoloto plant and the construction of a concentrate cyanidation shop. The camp housed a total of about 1,200 prisoners who built mines and houses, and leached cyanide to process concentrates. Heads: I. S. Barabanshchikov, A. I. Kompaneytsev, N. A. Shavrin.

A significant event of the new time was the construction of the Assumption Church. The construction started in 2008. In autumn 2010, the dome was installed.

Population

Economy

In the village there are: LLC "Darasunsky Rudnik", LLC "Agrogold", a bakery, etc. Until the 1990s, an airport functioned. In Vershino-Darasunsky, the future academician Mikhail Epov studied at an eight-year school. Gold was found in 1861 by the merchant Butin.

Symbolism

The emblem of the village of Vershino-Darasunsky is a shield with the image: "In a blue field, a green spruce and part of a black sawmill knife." According to the article by A. A. Zhulay "Modern coats of arms of Transbaikalia" ("Bulletin of the Heraldist" No. 1).

Education and culture

In the village there are: 2 secondary schools, a basic school, an open (shift) school, Primary School, 2 kindergartens, Children and youth sports school, House children's creativity, Children's Art School, Kristall Cinema, Health and Education Center, Post Office, Central District Hospital, Polyclinic. Since 2002, the district department of education has been located in Vershino-Darasunsky.

Miscellaneous

Included in the list settlements Trans-Baikal Territory exposed to the threat of forest fires

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Notes

1. www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
3. Vershino-Darasunsky- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
7. Vershino-Darasunsky»] in the Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia.
8. in the Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia.
10. - ChGTRK.
11. - ZabINFO.
12. ez.chita.ru/encycl/concepts/?id=22 Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia. Electronic resource
13. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
14. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
15. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. .
16. . .
17. . .
18. . Retrieved 2 January 2014. .
19. . Retrieved September 11, 2014. .
20. stat.chita.ru:8080/bgd_site/bgd.aspx 3.1 Demographic indicators. 18.1 Estimation of the permanent population of the Trans-Baikal Territory as of January 1, 2011-2015 (for the Territory, areas equivalent to the Far North, municipalities)
21. . Retrieved May 31, 2014. .
22. . Retrieved November 16, 2013. .
23. . Retrieved 2 August 2014. .
24. . Retrieved August 6, 2015. .

Links

• - article on Chita.ru
• Vershino-Darasunsky // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Prince Andrei looked at his sister. Princess Mary's radiant eyes, in the dull half-light of the canopy, shone more than usual from the happy tears that stood in them. Princess Mary reached out to her brother and kissed him, lightly catching on the canopy of the bed. They threatened each other, still stood in the opaque light of the canopy, as if not wanting to part with this world, in which the three of them were separated from the whole world. Prince Andrei was the first, tangling his hair against the muslin curtains, and moved away from the bed. - Yes. this is the only thing left to me now,” he said with a sigh.

  Shortly after his admission to the brotherhood of Masons, Pierre, with a complete guide written by him for himself on what he was supposed to do on his estates, left for the Kiev province, where most of his peasants were.
  Arriving in Kyiv, Pierre called all the managers to the main office, and explained to them his intentions and desires. He told them that measures would be taken immediately for the complete emancipation of the peasants from serfdom, that until then the peasants should not be burdened with work, that women with children should not be sent to work, that assistance should be given to the peasants, that punishments should be used. exhortations, and not bodily ones, that hospitals, asylums and schools should be established on every estate. Some managers (there were also semi-literate housekeepers) listened frightened, assuming the meaning of the speech was that the young count was dissatisfied with their management and concealment of money; others, after the first fear, found Pierre's lisping and new, unheard-of words amusing; still others simply found the pleasure of listening to the master speak; the fourth, the most intelligent, including the chief manager, understood from this speech how to deal with the master in order to achieve their goals.
  The general manager expressed great sympathy for Pierre's intentions; but he noticed that in addition to these transformations, it was necessary in general to attend to affairs that were in a bad state.
  Despite the enormous wealth of Count Earless, since Pierre received it and was said to have received 500,000 a year income, he felt much less wealthy than when he received his 10,000 from the late count. IN in general terms he was vaguely aware of the next budget. About 80 thousand were paid to the Soviet for all estates; about 30 thousand was the cost of maintaining a suburban, Moscow house and princesses; about 15 thousand went into retirement, the same number went to charitable institutions; 150 thousand were sent to the countess for living; interest was paid for debts of about 70 thousand; the construction of the begun church cost these two years about 10 thousand; the rest, about 100,000,000 diverged - he himself did not know how, and almost every year he was forced to borrow. In addition, every year the chief executive wrote about fires, then about crop failures, then about the need to rebuild factories and plants. And so, the first thing that presented itself to Pierre was the one for which he had the least ability and inclination - doing business.
  Pierre worked with the chief manager every day. But he felt that his studies did not move things forward one step. He felt that his studies took place independently of the case, that they did not cling to the case and did not force him to move. On the one hand, the chief manager put things in the worst possible light, showing Pierre the need to pay debts and undertake new work by the forces of serfs, to which Pierre did not agree; on the other hand, Pierre demanded the commencement of the case of release, to which the manager exposed the need to first pay the debt of the Board of Trustees, and therefore the impossibility of a quick execution.
  The manager didn't say it was completely impossible; he proposed the sale of forests to achieve this goal Kostroma province, sale of grassroots lands and Crimean estates. But all these operations in the speeches of the manager were associated with such complexity of processes, the lifting of prohibitions, demands, permits, etc., that Pierre was at a loss and only said to him:
  - Yes, yes, do it.
  Pierre did not have that practical tenacity that would have given him the opportunity to directly get down to business, and therefore he did not like him and only tried to pretend to the manager that he was busy with business. The manager, however, tried to pretend to the count that he considered these activities very useful for the owner and embarrassing for himself.
  IN big city acquaintances were found; strangers hurried to get acquainted and warmly welcomed the newly arrived rich man, the largest owner of the province. The temptations towards Pierre's main weakness, the one he confessed to during admission to the lodge, were also so strong that Pierre could not refrain from them. Again, whole days, weeks, months of Pierre's life passed just as preoccupied and busy between evenings, dinners, breakfasts, balls, not giving him time to come to his senses, as in Petersburg. Instead of the new life that Pierre hoped to lead, he lived the same old life, only in a different environment.
  Of the three appointments of Freemasonry, Pierre was aware that he did not fulfill the one that prescribed each Freemason to be a model of moral life, and of the seven virtues he did not have two at all in himself: good morality and love of death. He consoled himself with the fact that in return he fulfilled a different purpose - the correction of the human race and had other virtues, love for one's neighbor, and especially generosity.
  In the spring of 1807, Pierre decided to go back to Petersburg. On the way back, he intended to go around all his estates and personally ascertain what was done from what was prescribed for them and in what position is now the people that God entrusted to him, and which he sought to benefit.
  The chief manager, who considered all the undertakings of the young count almost madness, a disadvantage for himself, for him, for the peasants, made concessions. Continuing to make the work of liberation seem impossible, he ordered the construction of large buildings of schools, hospitals and shelters on all estates; for the arrival of the master, he prepared meetings everywhere, not magnificently solemn, which, he knew, Pierre would not like, but precisely such religious thanksgiving, with images and bread and salt, exactly such that, as he understood the master, should have affected the count and deceived him .
  The southern spring, the calm, quick journey in a Viennese carriage and the solitude of the road had a joyful effect on Pierre. The estates that he had not yet visited were - one more picturesque than the other; the people everywhere seemed prosperous and touchingly grateful for the good deeds done to them. There were meetings everywhere, which, although they embarrassed Pierre, but in the depths of his soul evoked a joyful feeling. In one place, the peasants brought him bread, salt and the image of Peter and Paul, and asked permission in honor of his angel Peter and Paul, as a token of love and gratitude for the good deeds he had done, to erect a new chapel in the church at their own expense. Elsewhere, women with babies met him, thanking him for getting rid of hard work. In the third estate, he was met by a priest with a cross, surrounded by children, whom he, by the grace of the count, taught literacy and religion. On all the estates, Pierre saw with his own eyes, according to the same plan, the stone buildings of hospitals, schools, almshouses, which were supposed to be opened soon, erected and erected already. Everywhere Pierre saw the reports of the administrators about corvée work, reduced against the previous one, and heard the touching thanksgiving of deputations of peasants in blue caftans for this.
  Pierre just did not know that where they brought him bread and salt and built a chapel of Peter and Paul, there was a trading village and a fair on St. The peasants of this village were in the greatest ruin. He did not know that due to the fact that, on his orders, they stopped sending women children with babies to corvée, these same children carried the most difficult work in their quarters. He did not know that the priest, who met him with a cross, weighed down the peasants with his requisitions, and that the disciples gathered to him with tears were given to him, and for big money were paid off by their parents. He did not know that the stone buildings, according to the plan, were erected by their workers and increased the corvée of the peasants, reduced only on paper. He did not know that where the steward pointed out to him, according to the book, that the dues should be reduced by one third at his will, the corvée service was added by half. And therefore, Pierre was delighted with his journey through the estates, and completely returned to the philanthropic mood in which he left Petersburg, and wrote enthusiastic letters to his mentor, brother, as he called the great master.