Lesson 'Horace, Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Pushkin about the monument'. The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of G.R. Derzhavin. The poem "Monument Checking homework

Lesson #8 L-9

TOPIC: G.R. Derzhavin. The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of Derzhavin

GOALS: to give knowledge about the main themes of lyrics and Derzhavin's poetic innovation; learnto Work with artistic text, to analyze the lyrical work.

DURING THE CLASSES:

1. Organizational moment.

1. Ready for the lesson.
2. Setting lesson goals.

1. Examination homework.

1. By heart "Lords and Judges".
2. Questions from the class on the biography and work of Derzhavin.

1. Work on the work of Derzhavin "Felitsa"

• What is the history of the creation of the ode? (To answer this question, you can use the notes "Explanations on the writings of Derzhavin", made by the poet at the end of his life.)
• Explain the meaning of the title of the ode.
• Compare Derzhavin's ode "Felitsa" with Lomonosov's "Ode on the day of accession to the throne of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna ...".
• What is common and different in the appearance of the heroines of these works?
• Which artistic techniques do poets use to create the central image of each ode?
• Why, despite the same meter, do the odes sound different?
• Compare the vocabulary, syntax and poetic intonations of these works.
• Is there a satirical depiction of reality in the odes?
• Why did Catherine II cry when reading the ode and gave her a high rating?

1. Three "Monuments" in Russian literature.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher:

The theme of the poet and poetry is traditional, cross-cutting in European culture. The poet's monologue about himself is found in ancient poetry. So, Horace's ode “To Melpomene” translated by M.V. Lomonosov served as the basis for the poems of G.R. Derzhavin and A.S. Pushkin about the “monument”. Its main aspects are the process of creativity, its purpose and meaning, the relationship of the poet with the reader, with the authorities, with himself. Thus, among the poets of different eras there was a tradition of lyrical depiction of a “not-made-by-hand” monument, as if summing up the creative activity.

Today in the lesson we will compare the poems of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin. Let's see how the theme of the poet and poetry develops in these works, what is the difference between the position of the authors in understanding this topic? Let's compare artistic means with which the point of view of poets is expressed.

1. Reading and analysis of poems.

• So, for the first time he turned to the theme of the poet and poetry back in the 1st century BC. e. Ancient Roman poet Quintus Horace Flaccus in his ode to Melpomene.
• There were many translations of Horace's ode. Some of them (M.V. Lomonosov, V.V. Kapnist, A.Kh. Vostokova, S.A. Tuchkova) were undoubtedly known to Pushkin, while others (A.A. Feta, N. Fokkova, B. V. Nikolsky, P.F. Porfirov, V.Ya. Bryusov) appeared after the death of Pushkin.
• In 1747 M.V. Lomonosov translated Horace into Russian.
• Read the arrangement of Horace's ode “To Melpomene” (“Monument”), created by M.V. Lomonosov.
• Determine the theme and main idea of ​​the poem.(The theme of the ode is the role of creativity, poetry in people's lives. What is created by the poet makes him immortal - that's the main idea poems).
• In what way does the poet give his poems solemnity and precision?(The two-syllable size - iambic - gives the unrhymed lines of the poem clarity, chasing. Words of high style give solemnity to the sound: I will raise, above, increase, fatherland, obstacle, etc., many words and expressions of Greco-Roman origin, from history and mythology: aquilon, Aufid, Aeolian poetry, muse, Delphic laurel, etc.).
• Explain the meaning of these words:(aquilon - northeast wind; Awfid - a river in Italy in the homeland of Horace; Aeolian poems - exemplary, ancient Greek; Alcean lira - the lyre of Alceus = Alcaeus, one of the best ancient Greek poets; muse - goddess, patroness of sciences and arts;Delphic laurel- in the city of Delphi there was a temple of Apollo, the leader of the muses. Laurel was considered a sacred tree).
• In 1796 G.R. Derzhavin addresses this topic, writes the poem "Monument" - this is a free arrangement of Horace's ode. But Derzhavin does not repeat the thoughts of his distant predecessor, but expresses his own point of view on the poet and poetry. The poet believed that people who are not inspired, do not care about art, remain deaf to goodness, indifferent to the joys and sufferings of those around them. Such people
• Not a tear will touch the widows,
  Nor orphans unfortunate moan:
  Let the universe drown in blood
  He would be happy...("Art lover")
• According to Derzhavin, the purpose of art and literature is to promote the spread of education and the cultivation of love for beauty, correct vicious morals, and preach truth and justice. It is from these positions that he approaches the assessment of his work in the poem “Monument”. He likens his work to a “wonderful, eternal” monument. The unhurried, solemn rhythm of the verse (the poem is written in iambic six-foot) corresponds to the importance of the theme. The author reflects on the impact of poetry on contemporaries and descendants, on the poet's right to respect and love of fellow citizens. He expresses confidence that his name will live in the hearts and memory of the “countless peoples” inhabiting the space “from the White Waters to the Black Waters”. The poet connects his immortality with the “family of the Slavs”, that is, with the Russian people:
• ... And my glory will grow without fading,
  How long will the universe honor the Slavs?
• In the "Monument" Derzhavin explains what his services to the "family of the Slavs" and Russian literature are:
• ... the first I dared in a funny Russian style
  Proclaim the virtues of Felitsa,
  In the simplicity of the heart to talk about God
  And tell the truth to kings with a smile.
• Reread Derzhavin's poem "Monument". Determine its topic and main idea.

(The theme is the immortality of the poet in his works, in the memory of people about the creator famous works. The poet sees his main merit in the fact that he could “speak the truth to kings with a smile”, “talk about God”, “dared” to tell about the virtues of Catherine!! not high, but simple syllable).

• What size is the poem written in, what rhymes does it contain?

(The poem is written in iambic, in each quatrain the first

the line rhymes with the third, the second with the fourth, i.e. cross rhyme).

• What means of artistic representation did the poet use (epithets, personification, comparison, hyperbole)?
• (To give solemnity to poetic speech, the poet uses the words “high style”

- brow, be proud, proclaim, dared, innumerableetc.; various epithets - with a leisurely hand, cardiac simplicity, merit fair, miraculous monument, eternal, fleeting thunder . Hyperbole and comparison at the same time -“metals are higher and harder than pyramids”. A monument is a creation left to posterity, so the comparison with pyramids, metal is clearly figurative, i.e. implying a figurative meaning. All this helps to affirm the idea of ​​the importance of creativity, of the immortality of works of art).

1. Independent analysis of Pushkin's poem "Monument"

• Read the poem out loud.
• What features of the poet's biography are reflected in the poem?
• How does the poet see the limits of his own creative immortality?
• With what words does the creator address the Muse? What is the relationship between them?

1. Filling in the table "Three "Monuments" in Russian literature."

	M.V. Lomonosov	G.R.Derzhavin	A.S. Pushkin
Biography features	“I was not an obstacle to an obscure family.”	“... the first I dared in a funny Russian syllable // About the virtues of Felitsa to proclaim, // In sincere simplicity to talk about God // And speak the truth to the kings with a smile.”	“…I aroused good feelings with my lyre… in my cruel age I glorified Freedom // And called for mercy to the fallen.”
Limits of creative immortality	The poet will live as long as his Fatherland is alive.	"How long will the universe honor the Slavs?"	“... as long as in the sublunar world // At least one piit will live.”
What is the relationship between the poet and the muse	Muse is a high patroness.	Muse is the true friend of the poet.	Muse is a companion in the great field of poetry.

1. Summary of the lesson.

• In which poem, in your opinion, is the author's personal beginning least traced?
• What is it connected with?
• Why for his poem about the duty and appointment of the poet and poetry A.S. Pushkin took as a model a free arrangement of Horace's ode by G.R. Derzhavin, and not a translation more accurate to the original by M.V. Lomonosov?

1. Homework.

1. Chapters "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow".
2. Ind. task "Biography of Radishchev"

The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of G. R. Derzhavin. The poem "Monument" (1795)

Lesson Objectives:

Didactic: find out what place the theme of the poet and poetry occupies in Russian literature of the 18th century; get acquainted with the history of the creation of the poem "Monument" by G.R. Derzhavin; find out what the poet sees as the task of his creativity in the poem; compare views on poetry in Derzhavin's poem and in M.V. Lomonosov's translation of Horace's ode "To Melpomene"; see how the work of G. R. Derzhavin influenced subsequent generations of poets.

Correction-developing : develop the skills of dialogic and monologue speech, improve the skill of expressive reading of a poetic work.

Educational: develop motivation for learning.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Introduction by the teacher.

For many centuries, people have thought about the meaning of human life.

What do you think is the meaning of human life? (D.z)

(Already now you are faced with the question: which road to take, how not to make a mistake in choosing a profession, because your future depends on it. It is very important to find your place in life, an occupation you like, not to live life in vain.)

3. Actualization of knowledge.

In what form do poets express their thoughts, feelings, views on life and man? (Poetic, through poetry)

The theme of the appointment of the poet and poetry was addressed in ancient times. Which of the ancient Roman poets touched on this topic in his work? (Horace's ode "To Melpomene") This theme was one of the main ones in Russian literature of the 18th century. And in the work of G. R. Derzhavin, she occupies an important place. He showed the role of his poetry in the poem "Monument". In 1796, almost half a century later, G. R. Derzhavin turned to this source and wrote a free version of Horace's ode. But Derzhavin does not repeat the thoughts of his distant predecessor, but expresses his point of view on the poet and poetry.

People liked to compare Derzhavin with Horace. A.S. Pushkin saw them together

Pets of the young graces

With Derzhavin later

Sensitive Horace

Is two.

Derzhavin knew Horace German translations already in the 1770s. Among Derzhavin's poems, one can count at least 15 transcriptions and translations from Horace. With Horace, Derzhavin associated 2 significant works in which he assessed his work: "The Swan" and "Monument".

Expressive reading of a poem

What words are incomprehensible in Derzhavin's poem?

(Guys explain the meaning of words from the compiled dictionary; there is a comment on the desks)

4. Work on the analysis of the poem.

- What features of the poet's biography are reflected in the poem?

« How out of obscurity I became known for that ...”, “That I was the first to dare to proclaim the virtues of Felitsa in a funny Russian syllable”, “And speak the truth to the kings with a smile.”

WITH How is the monument compared in Derzhavin's poem?

(“metals are higher and harder than pyramids”).

- Why with them? (Fortress, eternity)

A monument is a creation left to posterity, so comparison with pyramids, metal implies a figurative meaning.

- What thought helps to validate these comparisons?

(All this helps to affirm the idea of ​​the importance of creativity, of the immortality of works of art).

And what epithets does Derzhavin use when talking about the monument?

("wonderful, eternal")

- The poet is convinced that the power of poetry is more powerful than the laws of nature and time. What lines say this?

“Neither his whirlwind, nor thunder will break the fleeting,

And time will not crush him.”

(His monument is not subject to whirlwinds, thunders, time).

How does Derzhavin see the strength of fame?

(“And my glory will grow without fading,

How long will the universe honor the Slavic race")

- How do you understand these words?

(He sees the strength of glory in respect for the Fatherland, considers himself a national Russian poet)

What does the poet take credit for?

« that I am the firstdared in a funny Russian syllable ... "

Why did the poet choose the verb "dared"?

What did the poet dare to do? (" Ovirtues Felitsy to proclaim")

- What did the genre of ode require? (Talking about the greatness of monarchs, glorifying their deeds, creating a kind of “ceremonial image.” Derzhavin saysabout virtues Felitsa-Catherine 2!

- Remember the ode "Felitsa". What virtues are we talking about? (Pay tribute to her energy, efficiency, ability to forgive weaknesses, simplicity, justice).

- "And tell the truth to the kings with a smile."

Derzhavin sees his merit in maintaining human dignity and sincerity. He is one of the few who allowed himself to directly criticize certain actions of the queen, nobles.

Therefore, Derzhavin looks at the poet as a servant and champion of truth.

Derzhavin also sees his merit in making the Russian syllable "funny."- Choose synonyms for this word. (fun, simple, sharp)

- To whom are the last stanzas of the poem addressed?

(To the Muse)

- What is the meaning of this word?

- Muse - Goddess - patroness of arts and sciences

Muse - Source of poetic inspiration

Muse - The very inspiration, creativity.

5. Summing up.

And in 1836 the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin will write the poem "Monument" and take as a basis a free arrangement of the ode by Horace Derzhavin. The “Monument” of G.R. Derzhavin will become the pedestal of the “Monument” of A.S. Pushkin.

6. Homework. Prove the validity of the words of G.R. Derzhavin “I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself ...”

G.R. Derzhavin. Poem "Monument"

Almost every poet in his work refers totopic eternity, trying to find the answer to the question, what is the fate of his works. Homer and Horace were famous for such epic odes, and later many Russian writers, among whom was Gavriil Derzhavin. This poet is one of the brightest representatives of classicism, who inherited the European traditions of composing his poems in a “high calm”, but at the same time adapted them to colloquial speech so much that they were understandable to almost any listener.

During his lifetime, Gavriil Derzhavin was favored by Empress Catherine II, to whom he dedicated his famous ode "Felitsa", but his contribution to Russian literature was appreciated by posterity only after the death of the poet, who became a kind of spiritual mentor for Pushkin and Lermontov.

Anticipating such a development of events, in 1795 Gavriil Derzhavin wrote the poem "Monument", which he originally called "To the Muse".This work in its form was sustained in the best traditions of ancient Greek poetry, however, its content was considered by many to be defiant and immodest. Nevertheless, reflecting the attacks of critics, Derzhavin advised them not to pay attention to the pompous style, but to ponder overcontent , noting that he does not praise himself in this work, but Russian literature, which, finally, managed to break out of the tight shackles of classicism and become easier to understand.

Naturally, a huge merit in this belongs to Derzhavin himself, which he mentioned in his poem, noting that he erected a monument to himself that is “harder than metals” and “higher than the pyramid.” At the same time, the author claims that he is not afraid of either storms, or thunder, or years, since thisconstruction - not material, but spiritual properties . Derzhavin alludes to the fact that he managed to "humanize" poetry, which from now on is destined to become publicly available.And it is quite natural that future generations will be able to appreciate the beauty of the poetic style, which was previously available only to the elite. Therefore, the poet has no doubt that if not glory, then immortality awaits him. “All of me will not die, but a large part of me, having escaped from decay, will begin to live after death,” the poet notes. At the same time, he emphasizes that the rumor about him will sweep throughout the Russian land.

It was this phrase that promptedindignation of opponents of the poet a, who attributed excessive pride to Derzhavin.However, the author had in mind not his own poetic achievements, but new trends in Russian poetry, which, as he foresaw, would be picked up by a new generation of writers. And it is their works that will gain wide popularity among various segments of the population due to the fact that the poet himself will be able to teach them "in heartfelt simplicity to talk about God and speak the truth to kings with a smile."

It is noteworthy that in his assumptions about the future of Russian poetry, whose forehead will be crowned with the "dawn of immortality", Gavriil Derzhavin turned out to be right. It is noteworthy that shortly before his death, the poet was present at the final exam in Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and listened to the poems of the young Pushkin, whom he "went down to the grave and blessed." It was Pushkin who was destined to become the successor of the poetic traditions that were laid down in Russian literature by Derzhavin. It is not surprising that the famous Russian poet, imitating his teacher, subsequently created the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”, which echoes Derzhavin’s “Monument” and is a continuation of the multifaceted debate about the role of poetry in modern Russian society.

Source :

"Monument" Gavriil Derzhavin
I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself,
It is harder than metal and higher than pyramids;
Neither a whirlwind nor thunder will break him
fleeting,
And time will not crush him.
So! - all of me will not die, but a large part of me,
Fleeing from decay, after death he will live,
And my glory will grow without fading,
How long will the universe honor the Slavs?
The rumor will pass about me from the White Waters to the Black ones,
Where the Volga, Don, Neva, the Urals pour from the Riphean;
Everyone will remember that among innumerable peoples,
How from obscurity I became known for that,
That I was the first to dare in a funny Russian syllable
Proclaim the virtues of Felitsa,
Talk about God in simplicity of heart
And tell the truth to kings with a smile.
O muse! be proud of just merit,
And whoever despise you, despise those yourself;
With a leisurely, unhurried hand
Crown your forehead with the dawn of immortality.
1795

Linguistic analysis of the poem by G. R. Derzhavin "Monument"

Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, (17431816), Russian poet, statesman
doer

Explain the title of the poem by G. R. Derzhavin "Monument"

The poem is called "Monument",
because it represents
author's reflection on his own
life, summarizing its results, awareness
own role in the lives of others.

Determine the theme of the poem (what is it about?)

The author understands that all people are mortal, but,
Summarizing own life, realizes
that with his creativity erected for himself
monument - "wonderful, eternal"; he himself
a man will die, but his name will not be
forgotten, because he will live in
the works he created

What mood prevails in the poem?

The poem is dominated by calm
solemnity: the author is aware
its own importance and understands that its
nothing can shake

Describe the composition of the poem: how many parts can be distinguished in it? What is said in each part?

In the poem "Monument" there are three
parts:
1) (first line of the first stanza): introduction
lyrical theme“I erected a monument to myself.”
2) (from the 2nd line of the first stanza and stanzas No. 2, 3,
4): the development of a lyrical theme - a description of the eternal
"monument" - his own posthumous life and
causes of immortality.
3) (stanza No. 5): the muse can be calm: nothing
will not diminish its greatness and immortality.

Describe the system of artistic images of the poem

Central artistic image
poems are the lyrical hero himself.
He mentions those images that one way or another
otherwise associated with it: people who will
remember the poet after his physical
death, Felitsa (heroine of the same name
ode, the prototype of which is
Empress Catherine II), who made him
famous (here the poet touches on the topic
relationship between the poet and power), the muse.

Describe the artistic time of the poem

The poem presents the time of three planes:
- past (the author, with his work, erected for himself
a monument, he recalls how he became famous);
- the present (the author's monologue - his memories of
the past and reflections on the future are pronounced
now, in the present tense);
- the future (the author's reflection on his own
afterlife).
We can say that artistic time
poems permeated with eternity: a monument,
erected by the poet, "time will not be crushed by flight."

Describe the artistic space of the poem

art space
poems are unusually wide:
the lyrical hero is sure that he will
known "from the White Waters to the Black, / Where
Volga, Don, Neva, the Urals are pouring from the Riphean. His
glory will live on as long as
the universe will honor the Slavs,
“everyone will remember that among the nations
innumerable."

Describe the figurative and expressive means of the poem (epithets, metaphors, comparison)

Describe figuratively means of expression poems
(epithets, metaphors, comparison)
The figurative system, the mood of the poem is created by:
- epithets: wonderful, eternal monument; fleeting thunder; V
peoples innumerable; funny
Russian syllable; hearty simplicity;
merit is just; a relaxed hand is unhurried.
- metaphors: “I erected a monument to myself” (meaning I left about
own memory); "time flight" (time is compared with flying
bird); “A large part of me, / Fleeing from decay, after death
will live ”- the author will be remembered by people; "dawn of immortality"
(memory).
- comparison: a monument "it is harder than metals and higher than the pyramids."

Describe the techniques of poetic syntax (inversion, gradation)

Describe the methods of poetry
syntax (inversion, gradation)
- Inversion (reverse word order):
a miraculous, eternal monument; he is firmer;
thunder is fleeting; time is flight; will not crush him;
part of me is big; how long the Slavic race is the universe
will honor; among nations without number; speak the truth;
fair merit; who will despise;
unhurried hand; human.
- Gradation (gradual increase, increase
degree of manifestation of the trait): “I am a monument to myself
erected wonderful, eternal.
All these devices of poetic syntax
give the poem a special emotional
sound and serve to reveal the author's idea.

Describe the poetic vocabulary of the poem (antonyms, archaisms)

- Antonyms: “I will not die” - “but will live”; glory
"will grow without fading"; "From the White Waters to the Black"; "from
obscurity, I became known for that.
- Archaisms: "how long" (obsolete - "until when?"),
"universe" (instead of "universe"), "White waters and
Black "(archaism - instead of the White Sea and the Black Sea),
"everyone" (instead of "everyone"), "innumerable" (instead of
"innumerable"), "dared" (high - "boldly
strive for something noble, high,
new), “to despise” - to neglect; "brow" - forehead.
The used lexical means give
the poem has special expressiveness.

Determine the size and rhyme of the poem

The poetic size is iambic six-meter.
The rhyming method is a steam room (abab).

Expand the idea of ​​the poem (what did the author want to say?)

With his poem, G. R. Derzhavin wanted
say that we are all mortal, but you can
leave a memory of yourself - such that about you
descendants will remember throughout
many years.

"Monument"

M.V. Lomonosov
I erected a sign of immortality for myself
Above the pyramids and stronger than copper,
What a stormy aquilon cannot erase,
Neither many centuries, nor caustic antiquity.
Not at all will I die; but death will leave
Great is my part, as I end my life.
I will grow in glory everywhere
While the great Rome owns the light.
Where the fast jets of Aufid roar,
Where Davnus reigned among the common people,
My fatherland will not be silent,
That an obscure family was not an obstacle to me,
To bring Aeolian verses to Italy
And the first to ring the Alceian lyre.
Be proud of righteous merit, muse,
And crown the head with the Delphic laurel.
A.S. Pushkin
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not overgrow to it,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Rus',
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tunguz, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,
And don't argue with the fool.

comparison table

M.V. Lomonosov
Features
biographies
Borders
creative
immortality
What are
relations
poet with muse
G.R.Derzhavin
A.S. Pushkin

"Three "Monuments" in Russian literature".

M.V. Lomonosov
G.R.Derzhavin
A.S. Pushkin
Features
biographies
“I have an unknown family
was not an obstacle."
“... the first I dared to
funny Russian style // O
the virtues of Felitsa
proclaim, // In the heart
ease of talking about God
And truth to kings with a smile
speak".
“... I have good feelings
lyroy awakened ... in
my cruel age
I glorified Freedom //
And mercy to the fallen
called."
Borders
creative
immortality
The poet will live
his Fatherland is alive.
“How long the Slavs
the universe will honor."
“... as long as in the sublunar
world // Alive will be at least
one piit”.
What are
relations
poet with muse
Muse is high
patroness.
Muse is the true friend of the poet.
Muse is a companion on
great field
poetry.

Summary of the lesson on the topic: "Horace's Ode" To Melpomene "in the translations of Russian poets of the 18-19 centuries

It is advisable to conduct the lesson before studying A.S. Pushkin’s poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”, as it will lay the foundation for working on the theme of the poet and poetry in Pushkin’s lyrics.

Lesson topic: "Horace's Ode" To Melpomene "in the translations of Russian poets of the 18-19 centuries."

Lesson objectives: Educational: to help students understand the problem of poetic glory, poetic immortality, overcoming death through glory;

Developing: the ability to think independently, draw conclusions, generalizations.

By comparing the texts of translations, see the renewal of the language in Derzhavin's work, the development of Russian classicism, and consider the differences in the worldview of poets.

Educational: fostering a sense of pride in the ability of Russian poets to translate poetry;

Type of lesson: lesson - reflection.

Lesson equipment: the text of the translation of the ode by Lomonosov, the text of the poem - imitation of Horace Derzhavin, the text of the poem by A.S. Pushkin.

Dictionary work: Melpomene is the Greek muse of tragedy. Translated from Greek - "singing". Daughter of Zeus and the muse Mnemosyne. Melpomene was considered the muse of the song, then the sad song, and later becomes the patroness of the theater in general, the personification of the tragic stage art. Melpomene was depicted as a woman with a bandage on her head and a wreath of grape leaves, in a theatrical robe, with a tragic mask in one hand and a sword or club in the other.

During the classes.

1. Introductory word of the teacher: The spirit of renewal, characteristic of the entire Russian culture of the 18th century, was fully manifested in poetry. It was in this century that the reform of Russian versification took place - the syllabic-tonic system of verse that exists to this day, which replaced the syllabic one, was established. In poetry, striking linguistic changes are also clearly traced - from poems of the time of Peter the Great to the works of Derzhavin, Karamzin, Dmitriev, who can rightfully be called Pushkin's predecessors. In Russian classical literature, Horace was a frequent visitor. It is not for nothing that Pushkin, in one of his first poems, lists him among his favorite poets: “Pets of the young Graces, then the sensitive Horace is together with Derzhavin ...”, and in one of his last poems he puts his words as an epigraph to his own lines on the famous Horatio theme: “I erected a monument to himself not made by hands ... "

But if the reader, captivated by the image of the “pet of the young Graces”, which is depicted in Russian poetry, picks up the poems of Horace himself, he will be disappointed, unexpected. Why? Uneven lines, without rhymes, with a hard-to-perceive changeable rhythm. Long phrases that jump from line to line, starting with minor words and only slowly and with difficulty reaching the subject and predicate. A strange arrangement of words, the natural order of which, as if on purpose, is knocked down and mixed up. A great many names and titles, sonorous, but obscure and, most importantly, completely, apparently, not going to the topic. A strange train of thought, in which, very often, towards the end of the poem, the poet seems to forget what was at the beginning, and speaks of something completely different. And when, through all these obstacles, the reader manages to catch main idea this or that poem, then this idea turns out to be disappointingly banal: "Enjoy life and do not guess about the future", "Peace of mind is more precious than wealth."

Yet Horace was brilliant poet, and the best writers were not mistaken in glorifying him for two thousand years as the greatest lyricist of Europe. In Russian literature, Horace's poems are heard in translations of poets of the 18th and 19th centuries. Today in the lesson we will try to analyze Horace's ode "To Melpomene" in the translations of poets of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Individual work. Student message. The student prepared a message in advance about what the word Melpomene means.

Teacher's word. On your desks you have texts of translations of Horace's ode. Let's name the authors of the translations.

Lomonosov was the first in Russian literature of the 18th century to translate Horace's ode. This translation sounds like this: (student reads)

I erected a sign of immortality for myself

Above the pyramids and stronger than copper,

What black aquilon cannot erase,

Neither many centuries, nor caustic antiquity.

Not at all will I die; but death will leave

Great is my part, as I end my life.

I will grow in glory everywhere

While the great Rome owns the light.

Where the fast jets of Aufid roar,

Where Davnus reigned among the common people,

My fatherland will not be silent,

That an obscure kind was not an obstacle to me,

To bring Aeolian verses to Italy

And the first to ring the Alceian lyre.

Be proud of righteous merit, muse,

And crown the head with the Delphic laurel.

Class assignment. Let's try to analyze the translation.

*What is main topic, over which Lomonosov reflects?

*Read the lines that express Lomonosov's confidence in poetic immortality.

* What artistic and expressive means do we first of all pay attention to when reading an ode? Name them.

Truncated form of adjectives: caustic antiquity; great honor; Aeolian poems;

The names of ancient heroes, geographical places are named: Davnus - Davn - the legendary king of Apulia, the homeland of Horace; Aufid is a river in Puglia.

Lush metaphors: a sign of immortality; I will grow in glory; Rome owns the light; The Fatherland will not be silent; many centuries;

The presence of epithets: caustic antiquity; great Rome; ordinary people; unknown family; righteous merit;

The presence of Old Church Slavonicisms: chapter; get proud;

The syntactic structure of the text: the text of the translation can be attributed to such a type of speech as reasoning: there is a thesis that the poet has already erected a monument to himself, there is evidence, there is a conclusion that the work of the poet will be appreciated and a laurel wreath will appear on his head.

Conclusion: the lyrical hero is obsessed, hopes for the good memory of his descendants. (students)

Teacher: Based on the text, Horace Derzhavin creates a largely original poem.

The student reads the poem.

I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself,

It is harder than metal and higher than pyramids;

Neither his whirlwind, nor thunder will break the fleeting,

And time will not crush him.

So! - all I will not die; but my part is big,

Fleeing from decay, after death he will live,

How long will the universe honor the Slavs?

The rumor will pass about me from the White Waters to the Black ones,

Where the Volga, Don, Neva, the Urals pour from the Riphean;

What was the first thing I dared in a funny Russian syllable

With a relaxed hand, unhurried,

Teacher: Literary commentary (individual work).

The poem is an imitation of Horace's ode "To Melpomene".

The most significant difference between Derzhavin's autocharacteristics and the sample was emphasized by N.G. Chernyshevsky: “What did he value in his poetry? Service for the common good ... Horace says: "I consider myself worthy of fame for writing poetry well." Derzhavin replaces

it is to others: "I consider myself worthy of glory for speaking the truth to both the people and the kings."

The lack of understanding of the true essence and novelty of Derzhavin's poetry by the majority of the public determined the poet's desire to formulate the programmatic originality of his odes himself.

In 1795, following the example of Horace, he wrote the poem "Monument", in which he defines the right to immortality as follows:

Everyone will remember that among innumerable peoples,

How from obscurity I became known for that,

That I was the first to dare in a funny Russian syllable

Proclaim the virtues of Felitsa,

In the simplicity of the heart to talk about God

And tell the truth to kings with a smile.

Brief analysis of the poem "Monument".

* What is the theme of the poem?

*Which of the Russian poets addressed this topic?

* What, according to Derzhavin, is the purpose of literature?

*Why does he liken the poet's work to a monument?

* What does the monument look like to him?

* What does the poet take credit for?

* What is the main difference in the views on poetry and the purpose of the poet in the poems of Horace and Derzhavin?

Comparative analysis of the works of Lomonosov and Derzhavin.

* Derzhavin has precisely defined poetic principles. "The first I dared in a funny Russian style ...". What is Derzhavin's "impudence"?

In deviation from the famous rules of classicism. These rules demanded that the poet "broadcast", proclaim in the form of eternal truths those abstract virtues that are assigned to the imperial rank and expressed in a common syllable for one.

* Derzhavin created a "funny Russian style" that helped him reveal his personality in everything he wrote about. A joke revealed an individual mindset, a manner of understanding things and a view of the world, peculiar to this particular poet.

* The power of poetry, according to Derzhavin, is more powerful than even the laws of nature, to which the poet is only ready to be subject.

The monument is wonderful precisely because of this superiority over nature (“harder than metals”, not subject to whirlwinds, thunder, time), and over the glory of “earthly gods” - kings. Monument to the poet above the pyramids.

* Horace saw the guarantee of his immortality in the power of Rome: “I will grow everywhere with glory, As long as the great Rome owns the light” (translated by Lomonosov.

*Derzhavin sees the strength of glory in respect for his fatherland, perfectly playing on the common root in the words “glory” and “Slavs”:

And my glory will grow without fading,

How long will the universe honor the Slavs?

* Derzhavin sees his merits in making the syllable "funny", i.e. simple, fun, sharp.

The poet "dared to ... proclaim" not about exploits, not about greatness - about virtues, and treat the empress as ordinary person talk about her human virtues. That is why the word "dared" is used here.

* Most importantly, Derzhavin sees his merit in maintaining human dignity, sincerity, justice, which he could

Talk about God in simplicity of heart

And tell the truth to kings with a smile.

* The last stanza of the poem indicates that Derzhavin does not hope for the unanimous approval of his contemporaries. His muse, even on the threshold of immortality, retains the features of militancy and greatness:

O Muse! Be proud of just merit,

And whoever despise you, despise those yourself;

With a leisurely, unhurried hand

Crown your forehead with the dawn of immortality.

Problem question. Reveal the truth of Belinsky's words:

"Derzhavin's poetry was the first step towards the transition of Russian poetry in general from rhetoric to life."

Poetry was that high platform from which Derzhavin, the poet, addressed the Russians with a fiery speech. He wrote that he knew well what he saw, what revolted him, painted portraits "from the originals", because the poet's speech is full of energy, passion, she expressed deeply personal, hard-won convictions. Therefore, Derzhavin's poems reflect reality, the realities of life.

Pushkin's immortality in his poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands".

Literary commentary.

The poem was written in 1836, goes back to the traditions of the Roman poet Horace, the author of "I erected a monument ...", and Derzhavin in Russian lyrics.

At the core lyrical plot- the fate of Pushkin himself, comprehended against the background of the historical movement. This is one of the last poems by A.S. Pushkin. This poem conveys the greatness and tragedy of parting with life. This is the poet's confession to himself and at the same time a proud testament, pronounced in such a way that it is heard by centuries and vast expanses of the Earth. The poet's immortality lies both in the joy with which he sees the course of life, its horizons, and regardless of his "cruel age".

Questions session.

* What motives and images, key to Pushkin's understanding of the role and purpose of poetry, were embodied in the "Monument?"

* In what does the poet see his main merit to readers?

*Why is poetry immortal?

Analysis of the poem.

The theme of the poem is the theme of the poet and poetry.

The problem of the poem is poetic glory, poetic immortality.

Genre - ode. The genre specificity of the poem is dictated by tradition:

The poems are written as a kind of imitation of Derzhavin's poem

"Monument", which, in turn, is a reworking of Horace's ode "To Melpomene", known to the Russian reader from the translation of Lomonosov. The epigraph to his poem Pushkin borrowed from Horace "I erected a monument."

Pushkin, continuing the tradition, is trying to show what his services to Russia are:

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,

That I aroused good feelings with lyre,

That in my cruel world I glorified freedom

And he called for mercy on the fallen.

Regarding the pathos of these lines, they spoke different points view, including this one: Pushkin is ironic, he knows that the uninitiated will define the main merits of his poetry in this way, and calls on the muse "not to challenge the fool."

Means of poetic expression:

Epithets: a monument not made by hands, the soul in the cherished lyre, in my cruel age, the head of the rebellious,

Metonymy: that I awakened good feelings with lyre

Synecdoche:

And every language that is in it will call me,

And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild

Tungus and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.

Personification: By the command of God, O muse, be obedient ...

The poem is written in quatrains, with the first dashes of the line in the traditional odic size - 6-foot iambic, and the last line - 4-foot iambic.

Summing up the lesson.

The theme of poetic immortality, laid down by Horace, was continued and interpreted in the works of Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Pushkin. Today we are convinced that the poet's work grows out of reality. The poets tried to express their conviction that poetry does not depend on the state or society, that it has no tasks outside of itself. And this is their, poets, poetic immortality.