There is such a version that the Tatar-Mongol yoke did not exist at all. There is no historical evidence for this. The history of Alexander Nevsky is also very controversial. Many perceive him as the winner in the Livonian massacre and that's it. They don't even know about his relationship with the Horde. Descendants know about his strong-willed decisions, brilliantly won battles, bright mind and ability to perform thoughtful actions.

However, many of his actions and decisions still do not have an unambiguous assessment. Historians different years they argue about the reasons for certain actions of the prince, each time finding new clues that allow them to be interpreted from a side convenient for scientists. One such contentious issue remains an alliance with the Horde.

Why Alexander Nevsky became a friend Tatar Khan? What prompted him to make such a decision? And what is the true reason for his seemingly non-standard act for that time?

Three versions are the most widely used.

The first of them belongs to the historian Lev Gumilyov. He believed that Alexander Nevsky had considered all options well and made an alliance with the Horde, because he believed that the patronage of the Tatar-Mongols would be good support for Rus'. That is why the prince made a vow of mutual friendship and loyalty to the son of Batu Khan.

According to the second version, to which a number of historians are inclined, the prince simply had no choice, he preferred the lesser of two evils. On the one hand, there was a real threat of invasion from the west, on the other, the Tatars were advancing. The prince decided that it would be more advantageous to make concessions to the Horde.

The third version is very exotic, put forward by the historian Valentin Yanin. According to her, Alexander was driven by selfishness and a desire to strengthen his power. He forced Novgorod to submit to the influence of the Horde and extended Tatar power in it. According to the historian, the prince was so despotic and cruel that he gouged out the eyes of those who did not agree to live under the yoke.

Livonian, Teutonic and Tatar onslaughts

The year 1237 was marked by widespread attacks by the army of Batu Khan. Destroyed cities, people fleeing to the forests, lands conquered one by one by the Tatars. In those difficult conditions, many princes of the southern lands fled to Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, seeking protection from Western rulers. Even the noble inhabitants of northern Rus' sought protection from the Roman Catholic Church. All of them sincerely believed that, by order of the Pope, the Western army would stand up to defend the Russian lands.

In Veliky Novgorod, Prince Alexander Yaroslavovich was well aware that the Horde would reach his territory. The option of becoming a Catholic and with the help of a large-scale crusade to drive the pagan Tatars from the Russian principalities did not attract him either. But the young ruler turned out to be more far-sighted than his ancestors.

Alexander understood that the scope of the Horde's capture was terrifying. It should be noted that the Tatar power did not penetrate into all spheres of life. They imposed tribute, severely punished for disobedience. But at the same time, they did not seek to change the arranged way of life, and most importantly, they did not force them to change their faith. For representatives of the clergy, they even had peculiar benefits - they were exempted from paying taxes. And the Tatars themselves were tolerant of people with different religions.

But such an attractive, at first glance, rapprochement with the Catholics would eventually entail a change in religion, family life and way of life. Setting themselves the task of liberating the lands from the Horde, the Livonian and Teutonic Orders simultaneously sought to seize the Russian lands, establishing their own laws and rules of life on them.

The young ruler Alexander had to decide who to choose as allies. The task was not easy, so he played for time without giving an answer to the Western representatives.

Friendship with the Horde for the good of Rus'

After the death of the great Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the father of Prince Alexander, a new distribution of roles in the princely hierarchy was to take place. Khan Batu gathered all the rulers of the conquered principalities. Khan and Alexander Nevsky invited.

Arriving at the appointed meeting, having analyzed the situation, Alexander realized that it would not be possible to defeat the Horde even together with the Roman army. The behavior of the crusaders in neighboring lands caused horror and alarm. Then the decision was made - in order to confront the armies from the west, it is necessary to make the Horde its ally. Therefore, Nevsky became the named son of the Khan himself.

The offer of the pope to convert to Catholicism was sharply rejected by the prince. This act and then was evaluated ambiguously. Few people understood the true reasons, so there were many who considered this step treacherous. The sources preserved materials about how Nevsky, visiting Batu, drank koumiss. In this act, people saw submission, denial of their interests and full recognition of the Horde's power.

But not everyone understood that by making such concessions, in return, the prince easily received the relaxation of laws necessary for Rus', promoted his demands, preserved the security, well-organized way of life and the right to his faith that the Russian people needed so much.

Tatars as defenders from attack from the west

Was in alliance with the Horde and another meaning. The far-sighted prince, having become part of the large team of Batu Khan, received a huge strong army of allies, ready to help in the fight against enemies. Considering the lands that joined them as their possessions, the Tatars fought for them not for life, but to the death. In addition, despite the constant battles and casualties, the army of the Horde did not become smaller. According to historians, it was constantly replenished with men from the newly conquered countries.

Analysis historical sources shows that the Horde has always come to the aid of its allies. When the troops of the Tatars entered the battle, the confident onslaught of the crusaders quickly stopped. This allowed the Russian lands to survive. It turns out that for the concessions that Nevsky made to Batu, Rus' was able to get a reliable large army that helped save Pskov and Novgorod from destruction, and years later Smolensk.

Union for salvation

To this day, historians do not agree on a single assessment of the events of those days. Part foreign historians considers the behavior of Prince Alexander a betrayal of the European anti-Mongolian cause. But at the same time, it cannot be denied that the scale of destruction that many lands suffered from the invasion of the Tatars could not survive, and even more so adequately repel the blow at that time, Rus' could not. Feudal fragmentation, the lack of a combat-ready population would not have made it possible to assemble a worthy all-Russian army. A western allies they demanded too much for their support.

As proof of this - the fate of the lands that did not agree to an alliance with the Horde - they were captured by Poland, Lithuania, and the situation there was very sad. In the format of the Western European ethnic group, the conquered were considered second-class people.

Those Russian lands that accepted an alliance with the Horde were able to maintain their way of life, partial independence, the right to live in their own way. Rus', in the Mongol ulus, became not a province, but an ally of the great khan, and, in fact, paid a tax for the maintenance of the army, which she herself needed.

An analysis of all the events of that time, as well as their significance, which influenced the entire subsequent development of Rus', allows us to conclude that the conclusion of an alliance with the Horde was a forced step and Alexander Nevsky took it for the sake of saving Orthodox Rus'.

Do you agree with this?

sources

The historians of the Russian Empire, depending on their views, either with delight, or, by the way, inform readers about the honorable fraternization of Alexander Nevsky with the son of Batu Khan - Sartak.
Separate "Chronicle Codes" even claim that Alexander Nevsky was the "adopted son" of Khan Batu.
In history, the fact of fraternization (on the blood!) of Alexander and Sartak really took place.
Here is how the historian L.N. Gumilyov:
"The ancient Mongols had a touching custom of fraternization. Boys or young men exchanged gifts and became andes, called brothers. Twinning was considered higher than consanguinity; andes - like one soul: never leaving, they save each other in mortal danger. This custom was used by Alexander Nevsky. with the son of Batu, Sartak, he became, as it were, a relative of the khan.
/L.N. Gumilyov "In search of ...", pp. 132-133./
Here it is closed vicious circle with a touch of lies.
Alexander, the so-called Nevsky, the Anda of Sartak, as history testifies, could not have been born in 1220-1221. This is a common myth of the Catherine's "Commission", which "composed history, mainly of Russia."
He was born, like his anda, Sartak, in 1228-1230.
And all the fabrications about the "greatest" victories of Alexander, allegedly won by him near Novgorod, are an elementary lie.
Other people's deeds, for the sake of the exaltation of Muscovy, were attributed to Prince Alexander, who was brought up from 1238 to 1252 at the court of the Khan and devotedly served his homeland - the Golden Horde.
And in the world piggy bank of memory, documents have been preserved that indirectly confirm our conclusions.
As the reader remembers, who visited Batu's headquarters in 1246-1247 and Plano Carpini's Karakorum, he does not mention Khan Sartak anywhere in his memoirs. That is, by the summer of 1247, Sartak had not yet separated from his father, but was part of his family and nomad camp, and, therefore, was not called Khan, but the son of Batu.
I hope the reader remembers that Prince Alexander, the so-called Nevsky, received the grand-princely Vladimir table from the hands of his anda - Khan Sartak in 1252. The Rostov-Suzdal land, or, as the great traveler Rubruk called it, the land of Moksel, in 1249-1250, by decision of Batu, went to Sartak, along with other possessions from the Volga to the Don. And it is quite clear that one of his Uluses Sartak gave trusted person, to his ande - Alexander, the so-called Nevsky.
Having been brought up in a Tatar-Mongolian environment, having adopted the Horde worldview, becoming the Anda of Sartak, it cost nothing for Alexander to betray his brother Andrei, take possession of the label on the grand princely Vladimir table and, together with the Tatar-Mongolian troops, again devastatingly walk through the Rostov-Suzdal land.
I give confirmation of these words.
"In preparation for the fight against Andrei Yaroslavich ... Alexander Yaroslavich went to the Horde for help, but not to Batu himself, but to his son Sartak ... And the victory in 1252 was won with the help of Sartak's troops. Alexander's friendship with Sartak was well known."
/L.N. Gumilyov "In search of ...", p. 295./
Listen, reader, to the rector of the Russian State humanitarian university Yuri Afanasiev.
"History is always" present "in today. A different approach would be one-sided...
Under Ivan III, the expansion of Russia (Muscovy!) began. Then there was Peter I. And then no one thought to stop. All resources were used to win something. And then they did not have time to equip these territories - they only defended them.
Remember, in Berdyaev: Russia is bruised by its breadth. This is in the conquests that the country could not digest, and in the shoe that Khrushchev knocked at the UN, and in the desire to make the whole world happy with socialism.
We never lived normally: we caught up, we conquered, we defended ourselves."
/Newspaper "Trud" No. 213, dated 11/18/98, p.2/
For 525 years (from the XIV to the XX century) Russian empire, and its predecessor, Muscovy, fought for 329 years.
Such is the psychology of robbery and banditry laid in the minds of Muscovites by the "unforgettable" Alexander Nevsky. It was in borrowing from the Golden Horde and planting in the Moscow ulus that such sovereignty was the greatest merit of Alexander Nevsky before the future Muscovy and its establishment. The rest of the "feats" of Alexander Nevsky are from the evil one and are the usual lies of "historians who composed history, mainly of Russia."
All the deeds of Alexander in the grand princely field, starting from 1252, his sons and subsequent heirs were incredibly cruel and immoral, even by the standards of those times, both in relation to the people of the Rostov-Suzdal land and Muscovy, or rather it will be said - to the people of Moksel, so and towards neighboring peoples.
"Orthodox Byzantium soon found itself under the rule of the Turks, and Rus', cut off from Catholic Europe, buried itself in iron curtain. History textbooks give an episode from the life of Alexander Nevsky, where prince of novgorod proudly rejects the proposal of the pope (of Rome. - VB) to accept the royal crown of a European sovereign from the hands of the Roman high priest.
In fact, this pride turned sideways to us. Alexander Nevsky, so proud with the Roman ambassadors, was extremely humble and meek before the Tatar-Mongol Khan. He dutifully went to the Horde to receive a label for reigning and, alas (!!!), he crawled on all fours to the Khan's throne, as the custom of the Horde required. In addition, he was forced to mercilessly pacify any rebellion against the Tatars in his possessions and collected tribute for the Khan, pacifying his compatriots with fire and sword.
A strange paradox of history. To accept the crown from the pope, like all European sovereigns, Alexander Nevsky considered it a shame, but crawling under the yoke and accepting a label to reign from the ferocious Horde did not look like a shame.
/ Newspaper "Izvestia" dated June 12, 1997. Article by Konstantin Kedrov "We all walk under the same God"./

Eurasians, in particular L.N. Gumilyov, they like to accuse him of creating a hypothesis about the "symbiosis of Rus' and the Horde", which has been repeatedly vulgarized by modern Fomenkovism. One of the cornerstones of this hypothesis is the twinning (this ritual was common among the nomads of the Middle Ages) of the son of Batu Sartak and the Russian Alexander Yaroslavich (who later became Nevsky).

Indeed, in the books of L.N. Gumilyov this message is repeatedly read:
For example, in the book "Ancient Rus' and the Great Steppe" (St. Petersburg. Crystal, 2001), on page 482 we read: " In 1251, Alexander came to the horde of Batu, made friends, then fraternized with his son Sartak, as a result of which he became the adopted son of the khan and in 1252 brought the Tatar corps to Rus' with an experienced noyon Nevryuy".
A similar phrase is recorded in the popular book "From Rus' to Russia" (M., AST, 2002), where it is added: " The union of the Horde and Rus' was realized thanks to the patriotism and dedication of Prince Alexander"(pp. 159-160).
In the book "The Search for a Fictional Kingdom" (M., AST, 2002) L.N. Gumilyov offers a slightly different interpretation of the event: " However, the war continued, and Alexander Nevsky needed allies. So he fraternized with Batu's son, Sartak, and got Mongol troops to fight the Germans.". As we can see, the geopolitical aspect of the emerging "family" ties is clearly visible.

Gumilyov's epigones went even further. It is especially worth noting a certain S. Baimukhametov, who in his book "Alexander Nevsky. Savior of the Russian Land" (M., Astrel, 2009) went even further. On page 54, he peremptorily states: " The fact that Alexander Nevsky is the adopted son of Batu Khan has long been an axiom. That is a position that does not require proof. From it proceed in further constructions and reasoning".
Mr. Baimukhametov, without hesitation, even offers us some "evidence" of this fact: "And I have never met an amateurish question-objection - but where did you get the idea that Nevsky was the son of Batu? Where is that written? In what annals-documents?
It's not written anywhere.
There is no direct evidence" (pp. 54-55)

However, the author bothered to come up with them: " One of the indirect, but very significant evidence of the twinning of Sartak and Alexander, I found in ... "The Life" of Alexander Nevsky. That is, it was always in sight". (p. 55). Actually, further he quotes the "Life" itself:
"Prince Alexander decided to go to the tsar in the Horde ... And tsar Batu saw him, and was amazed, and said to his nobles: “They told me the truth that there is no prince like him". (page 56)
Such a quote is indeed present in the "Life", for example, in the book "Word Ancient Rus'". M., Panorama, 2000, pp. 292-293.
Baimukhametov draws a startling conclusion from this quote: " Batu could not say such a thing. He didn't speak. He spoke, most likely, Sartak" (p. 57). As they say, no comment.
But let's leave alone the freak Baymukhametov with his sluggish attempt to analyze hagiographic literature, and return to the twinning hypothesis. R.Yu. Pochekaev in the book "Batu. Khan, who was not a khan" (M .: AST, 2006), correctly notes that " no source confirms this fact"(p. 192), however, the historian is wrong in one thing: L.N. Gumilyov was not the first to make this dubious statement.
The fact is that Soviet writer A.K. Yugov in his novel "Warriors", written in 1944-1948. and reprinted in the series "History of the Fatherland in novels, stories and documents" under the title "Alexander Nevsky" (M .: "Young Guard", 1983), literally writes the following:
"Sartak was a Christian, Sartak was his brother. Finally - and this was most important - the son of Batu mainly relied on Alexander and hoped to rely from time to time if only a bloody feud arose between him and Berke over the throne, which was about to be emptied.". (p. 198)
A curious detail is mentioned a little further (p. 202) during the conversation between Batu and Alexander: " And before all of them it will be a sign that it is you, my beloved son-in-law and betrothed son, and no one else, you will accept after me and my ulus".
Thus, A.K. Yugov back in the 1940s. reproduces both myths - twinning and supposedly the adopted son of Khan Batu. At the same time, it is difficult to accuse the author of Eurasianism. Moreover, it is unlikely that he used the works of earlier Eurasians N.S. Trubetskoy or G.V. Vernadsky, which were impossible to get in the USSR at that time. Gumilyov's "fault" lies in the groundlessness of the assertion of the anda hypothesis, which was actively used by amateur publicists, given the enormous popularity of the works of the first in the last couple of decades.

Alexander Nevsky is a famous person in history. Descendants know about his strong-willed decisions, brilliantly won battles, bright mind and ability to perform thoughtful actions. However, many of his actions and decisions still do not have an unambiguous assessment. Historians of different years argue about the reasons for certain actions of the prince, each time finding new clues that allow them to be interpreted from a side convenient for scientists. One such contentious issue remains an alliance with the Horde.

Why did Alexander Nevsky become a friend of the Tatar Khan? What prompted him to make such a decision? And what is the true reason for his seemingly non-standard act for that time?

Most Popular Versions

Researchers closely studied the events leading up to the conclusion of this union. The foreign policy situation, personal motives, economic relations, the situation in neighboring lands - many factors formed the basis historical research. But at the same time, each of the historians made his own conclusion, summarizing all the data that could be found.

Three versions are the most widely used. The first of them belongs to the historian Lev Gumilyov. He believed that Alexander Nevsky had considered all options well and made an alliance with the Horde, because he believed that the patronage of the Tatar-Mongols would be good support for Rus'. That is why the prince made a vow of mutual friendship and loyalty to the son of Batu Khan.

Livonian, Teutonic and Tatar onslaughts

The young ruler Alexander had to decide who to choose as allies. The task was not easy, so he played for time without giving an answer to the Western representatives.

Friendship with the Horde for the good of Rus'

Tatars as defenders from attack from the west

An analysis of historical sources shows that the Horde has always come to the aid of its allies. When the troops of the Tatars entered the battle, the confident onslaught of the crusaders quickly stopped. This allowed the Russian lands to survive. It turns out that for the concessions that Nevsky made to Batu, Rus' was able to get a reliable large army that helped save Pskov and Novgorod from destruction, and years later Smolensk.

Union for salvation

To this day, historians do not agree on a single assessment of the events of those days. Some foreign historians consider the behavior of Prince Alexander a betrayal of the European anti-Mongolian cause. But at the same time, it cannot be denied that the scale of destruction that many lands suffered from the invasion of the Tatars could not survive, and even more so adequately repel the blow at that time, Rus' could not. Feudal fragmentation, the lack of a combat-ready population would not have made it possible to assemble a worthy all-Russian army. And the Western allies demanded too much for their support.

Alexander Nevskiy. Savior of the Russian land Baimukhametov Sergey Temirbulatovich

SON OF BATY

The fact that Alexander Nevsky is the adopted son of Batu Khan has long been an axiom. That is a position that does not require proof. From it proceed in further constructions and reasoning.

For example, some argue that no Tatar-Mongol yoke there was not, but there was a union, a symbiosis, a federal, or rather, a confederate state headed by the khans of the Golden Horde and the great kagans in Karakorum. What kind of yoke can we talk about if Alexander Nevsky, attached to the Russian Orthodox Church to the face of the saints, was the twin brother of Prince Sartak and, accordingly, the adopted son of Batu?!

Others - refute, claim that there was a yoke and the traitors of the Russian people helped to establish it - Grand Duke Yaroslav and his son Alexander Nevsky, for the sake of personal power over the Russian ulus, went to an alliance with the Golden Horde. And even to fraternize with Sartak and become the adopted son of Batu!

And I have never met an amateurish question-objection - where did you get the idea that Nevsky was the son of Batu? Where is that written? In what annals-documents?

It's not written anywhere.

There is no direct evidence.

But in history, especially ancient, medieval, there is little direct evidence at all. Especially - direct documents. Yes, it's ancient! For example, there is no document about the surrender of Port Arthur to the Japanese on December 20, 1904 (January 2, 1905).

History, especially ancient, medieval history, is always a collection of circumstantial evidence and testimonies. If on their basis a “consistent version” is developed (L. N. Gumilyov’s term), then the truth has been established. Or - almost installed.

For professional historians, this is again an axiom, an ABC.

But why didn’t the readers just doubt it, didn’t demand direct evidence of the brotherhood of Alexander and Sartak?

One of the indirect, but very significant evidence of the twinning of Sartak and Alexander, I found in ... "The Life" of Alexander Nevsky. That is, it was always in sight.

Of course, here we have a complex, contradictory text. As in all chronicles. There are no originals. "Life" began to create about 120 years after the death of Alexander. From what sources the material was taken is unknown. How many times it was then rewritten, edited - is also unknown. As a result, we have a text of the XV-XVI centuries about the deeds of the XIII century. Names, events, dates are mixed up. For example, it is written that Alexander, after the death of his father, terrified Vladimir, and then went to the Horde: “ After the death of his father, Prince Alexander came to Vladimir in great power. And his arrival was terrible, and the news of him rushed to the mouth of the Volga. And the wives of Moab began to frighten their children, saying, “Here comes Alexander!»

But Yaroslav died in 1054, and then Alexander did not have “great power”, Andrei legally reigned in Vladimir, and no campaigns against the city were recorded in history. And he could bring horror to Vladimir, and he did, only in 1053, after a trip to the Horde, having received cavalry from Batu.

In general, the trip to the Horde is presented in the "Life" as the only one. Although Alexander lived there, probably no less than at home. Well, as the current governors are constantly in Moscow - such work. And if some kind of trip to the Horde is noted in the Life, it means that there was an Event then. But the Event was later edited, mixed up, crossed out altogether, and the trip remained. With the words of Batu, completely incomprehensible.

“Prince Alexander decided to go to the king in the Horde ... And king Batu saw him, and was amazed, and said to his nobles:“ They told me the truth that there is no prince like him.

Let's ask what seems to be a simple, amateurish, but in fact very professional question: “Why is it that Batu suddenly admires our Prince Alexander so much?”

Well, from what kind of carpets?

Based on the theory of the yoke, then complete absurdity. The appanage prince of the conquered country came to the headquarters of the conquering khan. I came on business, with a request. Or the khan summoned him to give instructions.

Why all of a sudden such expressions of feelings?

And if we proceed from the fact that there was no yoke, but there were allied, and even friendly relations, it is still absurd. In the "Life" it is written as if Batu saw Alexander for the first time. And I was amazed. In fact, he had known him for a long time. Batu is an old friend of Grand Duke Yaroslav, father of Alexander. It was Yaroslav who, back in 1245, called on the Russian princes to recognize Batu as "their king."

And in any case, Batu would not be amazed. Not that person. Not that situation. Not that, finally, tradition.

Batu could not say such a thing. He didn't speak.

Most likely, Sartak spoke.

This is a twinning ritual, almost the same among the Scythians, and the Turkic-Mongols, and the Slavs. They exchange weapons, clothes, drink from a common cup, exalt each other. Not only during the ritual, but in general, everywhere and everywhere. Let us quote the "Secret History" of the Mongols. Jamukha tells the enemies of the Mongols about his brother Temujin (the future Genghis Khan): “My brother Temujin is approaching. His whole body is filled with bronze ... bound with iron: there is nowhere to prick with a needle. He's like a falcon."

In this canonical style, I believe, Sartak also spoke, extolling the great valor and princely wisdom of his brother Alexander: “ There is no prince like him».

And Alexander spoke in much the same way, extolling the bravery and courage of his named brother, Prince Sartak, heir to the throne of the Golden Horde.

From there, these words flew into the "Life" of Alexander Nevsky!

Wandering from chronicle to chronicle, changing, having lost its original meaning, it was preserved in a single document.

It is impossible to explain this phrase otherwise.

I hope my version is consistent. That is, reconstructs the situation and answers questions.

From the book History of Russia. From ancient times to the 16th century. 6th grade author Kiselev Alexander Fedotovich

§ 19. INVASION OF BATU INTO Rus' The first campaign of Batu. Ulus Juchi was succeeded by his eldest son, Khan Batu, known in Rus' under the name of Batu. Contemporaries noted that Batu Khan was cruel in battle and "very cunning in war." He inspired strong fear even in his people. In 1229, kurultai

From the book New Chronology and Concept ancient history Rus', England and Rome author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

Battle of Batu with the Hungarian king and his allies “After the capture of Kyiv, Batu moved his troops in three columns - to Poland, Silesia and Hungary. Along the way, the Mongols (= great - Auth.) destroyed Vladimir-Volynsky, Kholm, Sandomierz and Krakow; defeated the Teutonic Knights and

From the book Empire of the Steppes. Attila, Genghis Khan, Tamerlane author Grousset Rene

Campaigns of Batu and Subotai to Europe At this time, on the orders of the Great Khan Ogedei, a large Mongol army of 150,000 people deployed military operations in Europe. It was under the nominal leadership of Batu, Khan of the Aral steppes and the Urals. At his disposal

From the book Textbook of Russian History author Platonov Sergey Fyodorovich

§ 33. Invasion of Batu. The era of the Tatar conquest At the time when the decline of Kiev took place and other centers appeared instead of the old Kiev - Novgorod, Vladimir Suzdal and Galich, that is, in the first half of the 13th century, Tatars appeared in Rus'. Their appearance was perfect

From the book Rus, which was author Maksimov Albert Vasilievich

After Batu entrenched in North-Eastern Rus', the Mongols, however, had an unstable geopolitical position. The invasion of Rus' and military expeditions to the West were carried out by the united Mongolian troops under the patronage of the great Mongol Khan Ogedei,

From the book History of Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century author Froyanov Igor Yakovlevich

Campaigns to Rus' Batu After the death of Genghis Khan (1227), his son Ogedei became the heir. Conquest campaigns were continued. In the early 30s of the XIII century. Mongols attacked Transcaucasia again. And in 1236, a campaign against Russian lands began. It was headed by the grandson of Genghis Khan, his son

From the book From Kyiv to Moscow: the history of princely Rus' author

43. St. Yuri II, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and the invasion of Batu In 1234, the Mongols completed the conquest of Northern China, and in 1235, a kurultai, a general congress of leaders, gathered on the banks of the Onon to agree on where to apply their forces further. We decided to arrange the Great Western Campaign. aim

From the book Domongolian Rus in the annals of the 5th-13th centuries. author Gudz-Markov Alexey Viktorovich

Chapter 20 INVASION OF BATU (1237-1241)

From book True story Russia. Notes of an amateur author

Invasion of Batu The story of the Batu invasion in Russian chronicles In his "History of the Russian people" N.A. Polevoy gives a story about the Batu invasion. We all know this story from textbooks. In a footnote, he writes: “The narrative of the Mongol invasion is

From the book True History of Russia. Notes of an amateur [with illustrations] author Guts Alexander Konstantinovich

Invasion of Batu The story of the Batu invasion in Russian chronicles In his "History of the Russian people" N. A. Polevoy gives a story about the Batu invasion. We all know this story from textbooks. In a footnote, he writes: “The narrative of the Mongol invasion is

From the book Satirical History from Rurik to the Revolution author Orsher Iosif Lvovich

The invasion of Batu Having exhausted all the Kazan soap and other food supplies, the Tatars went back to Asia. - They won't come again! - the new princes confidently declared. - Why won't they come? – the skeptics asked. – So. There is nothing more for them to do here.

From the book Ghosts of History author Baimukhametov Sergey Temirbulatovich

Chapter 7 Son of Batu! The fact that Alexander Nevsky is the adopted son of Batu Khan has long been an axiom. That is a position that does not require proof. From it proceed in further constructions and reasoning. For example, some argue that there was no Tatar-Mongol yoke, but there was

From the book Reader on the history of the USSR. Volume1. author author unknown

46. BATY'S CAMPAIGN TO Rus' Excerpts (Nos. 46, 47) about Batu's invasion are taken from the Nikon Chronicle - " complete collection Russian chronicles, vol. X. In the summer of 6745. That same winter came from the eastern country to the Ryazan land, through the forest, the atheism of the Tatars with Tsar Batu and, having come, the stash

From the book History of Princely Rus'. From Kyiv to Moscow author Shambarov Valery Evgenievich

author Shakhmagonov Fedor Fedorovich

Batu's invasion of northeastern Rus' Svyatoslav, the son of Yaroslav the Wise, gave rise to the family of the princes of Chernigov, after his son Oleg they were called Olgovichi, the younger Oleg's son Yaroslav became the ancestor of the princes of Ryazan and Murom. Yuri Igorevich, Prince of Ryazan

From the book World of History: Russian Lands in the XIII-XV centuries author Shakhmagonov Fedor Fedorovich

Batu's Campaign in Southern Rus' Many raids, invasions and ruins have been suffered by the Russian people since they settled along the Dnieper, Dvina, Oka, Volga, Volkhov, along the rivers and lakes of the Beloozero region. But such devastation as the invasion of Batu brought to North-Eastern Rus',

Alexander Nevsky and Batu what is the connection. Khan Batu: the main enemy of Rus' and the adoptive father of Alexander Nevsky. Prince Alexander and Batu Khan