Birth Old Russian state The state arises only when the people reaches a certain stage of social and economic development At Eastern Slavs all the prerequisites for the creation of their own state have already ripened: powerful unions of tribes, active trade, and a developed economy.
The Birth of the Old Russian State Gradually, in the 9th century, two strong unions of tribes emerged among the Eastern Slavs. At the head of the northern union of tribes were the Slovenes (their capital was Novgorod), and the southern union of tribes was headed by the meadow, their capital was Kyiv, a city on the Dnieper.
The reign of Rurik - the founder of the dynasty The word "Rus" can be of both southern and Norman origin. But when the state of the Eastern Slavs began to be called this word, it became a symbol of a new mighty power. And 862 - the year of Rurik's reign in Novgorod, according to the annals, became milestone in the formation of the state of the Eastern Slavs.
The reign of Rurik, the founder of the Rurik dynasty, having come to Rus' (at the invitation of the Slavs to end tribal strife), brought with him a strong squad. The vocation was not direct violence, the subjugation of tribes. The treaty suited both the newcomer Varangians and the Novgorod husbands, who were gaining the long-awaited stability. A strong army ensured the security of the main trade routes.
The reign of Rurik, the founder of the dynasty, the Varangians began to actively trade and even sailed with goods on their ships along the Volga to the Caspian, and along the Dnieper to the Black Sea. Rurik managed not only to stay in Novgorod, but also to include Polotsk and Murom in his sphere of influence. Very little is known about the prince, but it was by his name that the first Russian ruling dynasty was called the Rurikovichi.
Prophetic Oleg 882 - the unification of Novgorod and Kyiv by Oleg - is considered the year of foundation of the Old Russian state of Kievan Rus. At the same time, many Slavic tribes (Krivichi, Drevlyans, northerners) were forced to join Oleg and pay tribute to him, thanks to which he could maintain a large army. But tributary relations were supplemented by mutually beneficial exchange, joint participation in military expeditions, and the transformation of the tribal nobility into the ruling stratum.
Prophetic Oleg In 907. Oleg, at the head of the Varangians and local tribes subject to him, made a campaign against Byzantium. The campaign ended with the conclusion of a peace treaty, which ensured the trade interests of Rus merchants in Byzantium and the payment of indemnities. In it, the word "Rus" acquired another meaning: it is not only the squad of the Kiev prince, but also the political and geographical name - the Russian land, subject to the Kiev prince and meaning a huge inter-tribal and inter-ethnic "super union", located in the forest and forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe.
Prophetic Oleg Perhaps, in 912, Prince Oleg sailed to his homeland - to Scandinavia. According to Russian legend, he died from his horse and was buried in Kyiv. And in Staraya Ladoga, a huge hill has been preserved - a polygon called "Oleg's grave." Oleg managed to rally the Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes in the North into a single union and finally unite Russian state, capturing Kyiv.
Prince Igor After the death of Oleg, power passed to Rurik's son Igor. Thus, for the first time, the prince received power not by armed seizure or at the invitation of the veche, but by inheritance (implementation of the dynastic principle). The first years of Igor's reign were not easy. Some tribes subordinate to Oleg refused to pay tribute to him. Igor had to re-conquer these territories. He also encountered nomadic Pechenegs who appeared in the southern Russian steppes.
Prince Igor Prince Igor made military campaigns against Constantinople, but not all of them were successful. The tribute levied from the subject tribes was the main way to maintain the squad. In November, the prince with his retinue set off for polyudye - a detour of subject lands. Part of the tribute collected was then sent to Constantinople for sale, part went to the maintenance of the princely entourage and his soldiers.
Prince Igor In 945, during a polyudy in the lands of the Drevlyans, Prince Igor was killed. The reason for the uprising was, apparently, Igor’s violation of the tribute agreement, the complication of relations with the local princes who ruled “under his hand”. A small squad was killed, and he himself died a heavy death, being tied to the tops of two bent trees and torn apart. The widow of Igor, the famous Princess Olga, cruelly avenged the death of her husband and brought the Drevlyans to submission.
Polyudie of Princess Olga Princess Olga became the ruler with her young son Svyatoslav. Tradition presents her as a strong-willed and prudent sovereign, "the wisest of all people." Apparently, there was a large amount of truth in the flattering words of the chronicler, although Olga herself was not alien to cruelty and deceit. Olga was a Slav from Pskov, and received her princely name (Olga) during her marriage.
Polyudie of Princess Olga After her, princes with purely Slavic names sit on the Kiev princely throne - Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Yaroslav .... This means that the princely family was glorified and the role of the Varangians in governing the country was significantly reduced. Princess Olga had her own villages and lands in her possession. During the campaigns of Prince Igor, she remained to rule in Kyiv, she even had her own squad.
Polyudie of Princess Olga In an effort to strengthen the state, after 945 Princess Olga traveled all over her lands, dividing them into more or less equal areas in terms of population. The churchyard became the center of administration of each district, where taxes (lessons) from all over the district flowed. Usually the churchyard was also the center of trade, there was also a pagan temple.
Polyudie of Princess Olga The prince could no longer arbitrarily demand tribute twice or thrice a year. The amount of taxes became known in advance and was paid by the entire population. Thus, polyudye - the annual detour by the prince with a retinue (usually in winter) of the conquered lands turned into a simple collection of taxes. This reform deprived local tribal princes of power and centralized government in the country, rallied the young state. It has become stronger and richer. The prince was at the head of the state, but the role of the people's veche, elders and boyars of the retinue nobility was very great.
Polyudie of Princess Olga The bulk of the population of Rus' at that time were pagans. Princess Olga was the first of the Russian princes to become a Christian, and in 957 she traveled to Constantinople, where she was lavishly received by the Byzantine emperor himself. However, the time for the baptism of Rus' has not yet come.
Wars of Svyatoslav The reign of Olga's son Svyatoslav Igorevich (gg.) is an era of wonderful battles and vivid adventures. The prince spent almost all his time on military campaigns far from Kyiv. Svyatoslav had the talent of a commander and rare fearlessness. This is probably the most outstanding commander Ancient Rus'. If the campaigns of Russian squads before Svyatoslav were mainly raids on neighbors for booty, then Svyatoslav's wars were political in nature. He expanded the Russian state and tried to defeat dangerous neighbors.
Wars of Svyatoslav The first campaigns of the prince were directed against Khazaria. The prince successfully fought in the North Caucasus against the Yases and Kasogs, and then went to the Danube, from where he began a war with Byzantium. Having occupied several cities at the mouth of the Danube, Svyatoslav made Pereyaslavets his main fortress. He wanted this particular city on the Danube to be the capital of his kingdom.
Wars of Svyatoslav At first the war went well for the prince, but the Byzantines bribed the Pechenegs, and they laid siege to Kyiv. The Kievans sent messengers to the prince. Svyatoslav with a strong retinue returned to Kyiv and defeated the Pechenegs. He left his three sons as governors in Rus' and returned to the Balkans again. But the Byzantines defeated the troops of Svyatoslav and besieged him in the fortress of Dorostol. The prince made peace with the emperor, promising to return home and no longer fight with Byzantium.
Wars of Svyatoslav Returning back, Svyatoslav divided his army. The main part returned to Kyiv by land, and the prince himself decided to sail home on ships in order to take away huge military booty. But the Byzantines warned the Pechenegs, who ambushed the prince on the Dnieper rapids. His entire small squad was exterminated, and he himself was killed. From his skull, set in gold, the Pecheneg prince Kurya ordered to make himself a bowl for feasts, believing that the power of Svyatoslav would pass to him.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir After the death of Svyatoslav as a result of many years of struggle for power, his son Vladimir became the prince of Kyiv. His victory allowed the power of Rurikovich to regain unity. Vladimir is a very controversial figure. The new prince decided on acts of a national scale, which required both courage and political will. Vladimir was not only a warrior, but a builder of power and its reformer.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir He founded new cities, strengthened the borders, introduced changes in the system of administration of the Old Russian state. The so-called ladder system of distribution of principalities brought stability and primacy to Kyiv. The main act of Vladimir was the baptism of Rus'. It was not just an expression of the prince's will. With the territorial growth of Ancient Rus', with the complication of its ethnic composition, social and political relations, the question of spiritual and political unity arose.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir It was becoming increasingly difficult to remain a pagan country in a Christian and Islamic environment. Overcoming inferiority, the desire to change the international status of the rulers of Ancient Rus' were directly dependent on the religious choice. The impetus for the adoption of Christianity was the events that took place in Byzantium. At the end of the 90s of the X century. exhausted in the fight against another rebellion, Emperor Vasily II turned to Kyiv for help.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir Vladimir agreed to send troops on the terms of marriage with Princess Anna, the Emperor's sister. In response, Byzantium demanded the baptism of the Kyiv prince. The rebellion was put down. But the rulers of Byzantium were in no hurry to fulfill their obligations. The treachery of the Greeks prompted Vladimir to move to the Crimea and capture the Byzantine city of Khersones (Korsun). The condition for the return of the city was the fulfillment of the contract. According to legend, Vladimir and his team were baptized in Chersonese.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir Returning to Kyiv, the Grand Duke destroyed the pagan pantheon and urged the people of Kiev to follow his example. It happened in 988. After baptism, the prince ordered the construction of churches where pagan temples used to be. At first they were all wooden. Only the Church of the Tithes in Kyiv, built by Greek craftsmen, was made of stone. The prince donated a tenth of his wealth to her. Since then, a special tax, the tithe, has been levied in favor of the church.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir Establishment of Christianity in Rus' as state religion became a big event historical significance. The ancient Russian state strengthened its political, dynastic and cultural ties with the world. Christianity was of great importance for the establishment of a new public system. The eradication of local, tribal differences has accelerated. On the basis of Christianity, the spiritual consolidation of society began.
Yaroslav the Wise - the first legislator of Rus' The first half of the 11th century was the time of the highest power of Ancient Rus'. In many ways, this was achieved thanks to Yaroslav, the son of Vladimir, an intelligent, successful politician who went down in history with the nickname Wise. He managed to achieve stability. Under him, the nomads did not dare to make their raids on the Russian land. The prince resolutely suppressed strife, strengthened new orders that met the interests of the state, created courts, issued laws, and founded cities. The chroniclers did not accidentally call Yaroslav "autocratic". In the perception of contemporaries, he is no longer the first among princes, but a true sovereign, an autocratic ruler.
Yaroslav the Wise - the first legislator of Rus' Yaroslav showed special concern for faith. Under him, Kyiv turned into one of the largest European cities. Built in his reign, the church of St. Sophia, the Golden Gate, the monasteries in honor of Saints George and Irina were not just cult monuments.
Yaroslav the Wise - the first legislator of Rus' With his construction, Yaroslav, as it were, challenged Tsargrad, pushing it aside and turning Kyiv into a God-saved center of the Christian world. It was during the time of Yaroslav that the idea of Rus', which assumed responsibility for the fate of Orthodoxy, would become the most important religious and political idea that influenced the entire subsequent policy of medieval rulers. Yaroslav stands at the origins of the state ideology of Ancient Rus'.
Yaroslav the Wise - the first legislator of Rus' The name of Yaroslav is also associated with the first written law of the Old Russian state - Russian Truth. Most of everyday relations in Rus' were regulated by the norms of customary law, enshrined in tradition. Society did not feel the need to fix these norms in writing.
Yaroslav the Wise - the first legislator of Rus' However, the complication of relations, the emergence of social groups that are not part of traditional structures, the emergence of land ownership - all this required the prince to appropriate regulatory regulation. Princely law, at first unwritten, under Yaroslav acquired a “material” embodiment. The famous Russian Truth arose - a monument of ancient Russian law.
Yaroslav the Wise - the first legislator of Rus' In an effort to prevent strife between his sons, Yaroslav before his death divided the Russian lands between them. He bequeathed that no one "transcend the limit of a brother." Everyone had to obey the three older brothers. He, in turn, had to protect the brothers. This order was intended to ensure the political dominance of Kyiv and preserve the unity of the state. However further developments showed the futility of these hopes ...
Information resources Danilevsky I.N. Ancient Rus' through the eyes of contemporaries and descendants. IX-XII centuries M., Kostomarov N.I. Russian history in the biographies of its main figures. M., Solovyov S.M. History of Russia since ancient times. M., Romanov B.A. People and customs of ancient Rus'. M., Rybakov B.A. The world of history: the initial centuries of Russian history. M.,
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Prince Rurik (mysterious) History of Russia. 6, 10 cells. Malashuk Lyudmila Vladimirovna MBOU secondary school No. 42 Vladimir 2015
Grandchildren of Gostomysl. Ilya Sergeevich Glazunov. 1986 Years of the life of Prince Rurik: 817 - 879 Prince of Novgorod: 879 - 862
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 “In the year 6370 (862 according to modern chronology). ... And they went across the sea to the Varangians, to Rus'. Those Varangians were called Rus, as others are called Swedes, and others are Normans and Angles, and still other Gotlanders, - like these. The Russians said Chud, Slovenes, Krivichi and all: “Our land is great and plentiful, but there is no dress in it. Come reign and rule over us.” Nestor "The Tale of Bygone Years" 1113
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich The calling of the Varangians. 1909
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 The calling of the Varangians. Fedor Antonovich Bruni. 1839
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 “... And they came, and the eldest, Rurik, sat down in Novgorod, and the other, Sineus, on Beloozero, and the third, Truvor, in Izborsk. And from those Varangians the Russian land was nicknamed. Novgorodians are those people from the Varangian family, and before that they were Slovenes. Two years later, Sineus and his brother Truvor died. And one Rurik took all power, and began to distribute cities to his men - Polotsk to that, Rostov to that, Beloozero to another. The Varangians in these cities are nakhodniki, and the indigenous population in Novgorod is Slovene, in Polotsk - Krivichi, in Rostov - Merya, in Beloozero - all, in Murom - Murom, and Rurik ruled over all of them. Nestor "The Tale of Bygone Years" 1113 On the calling of Rurik by the Ilmen Slovenes, Krivichi, Chud and all in 862
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 Rurik (Miniature from the "Tsar's titular". 17th century The coat of arms of Staraya Ladoga is a falcon falling down (the coat of arms of Rurik)
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 Rurik on the Millennium of Russia Monument A monument erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the millennial anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Rus'. The authors of the monument project are sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Shreder and architect Viktor Hartman.
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 1 . In 862 he was called together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor to reign in the Novgorod land. 2. In 864, after the death of his brothers, he united the northern and northwestern lands under his rule. 3. In 864, he brutally cracked down on the uprising of the Novgorodians under the leadership of Vadim the Brave.
Prince Rurik 862 - 879 4. In 866 - 870. inflicted a crushing defeat on the Kyiv prince Askold in the struggle for the lands of the Krivichi. 5. Planned trips to Kyiv, Khazaria, Tsargrad.
The results of the activities of Prince Rurik 1. He laid the foundation for the formation of a hereditary monarchy in Rus'. 2. He is the founder of the Rurik dynasty, which ruled the Russian state until 1598. 3. The arrival of Rurik in Novgorod lands, accelerated the process of folding a single Old Russian state.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Presentation "From Rurik to Putin"
This presentation can be fragmentarily used in Russian history lessons in grades 6-9. The presentation can be fully used in extracurricular activities. In this work, we show ...
Scientific and practical conference on history. "The origin of the founder of the statehood of Rus' Rurik"
Purpose: to meet the special educational needs of students, the formation of research skills, work with sources. Formation of skills public speaking and disk management...
The activities of the first Kyiv princes Oleg, Igor, Princess Olga and Prince Svyatoslav were subordinated to two goals: the unification of all East Slavic tribes under the rule of the Kyiv prince; maintaining trade relations with other states and protecting trade routes from opponents
Oleg Oleg Distribution of power Establishment of trade relations Campaigns on Byzantine Empire Control on the "way from the Varangians to the Greeks" 907 - a campaign against Constantinople - the signing of a trade agreement 911 - the signing of the second trade agreement, the most beneficial for Rus' Death from a snake bite.
“... Oleg not only terrified his enemies, he was also loved by his subjects. Warriors could mourn in him a brave and skillful leader, and the people - a defender. Having attached to his state the best, richest countries of present-day Russia, this Prince was the true founder of her greatness ... "
Igor Igor Son of Rurik Conquest of the Drevlyans 941 - an unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium (the ships were burned by the "Greek mixture") 944 - signing an agreement with Byzantium 945 - collecting tribute from the Drevlyans, death
“Igor in the war with the Greeks did not have the success of Oleg, he did not seem to have his great properties, but he preserved the integrity of the Russian Power, arranged by Oleg, preserved its honor and benefits in agreements with the Empire, was a pagan, but allowed the newly converted Russians to glorify the triumph of God Christian and, together with Oleg, left to his heirs an example of prudent tolerance, worthy of the most enlightened times.
Olga Lesson - the exact amount of tribute Pogost - a place for collecting tribute Olga Igor's wife Revenge on the Drevlyans for the death of her husband Reform Establishment of lessons Establishment of graveyards 957 - visit to Byzantium Adoption of Christianity
Svyatoslav Svyatoslav Son of Igor Accession of the Vyatichi Campaign against the Khazar Khaganate of the Khazar Khaganate Campaign against the Volga Bulgaria Volga Bulgaria Capture of the Taman Peninsula (formation of the Tmutarakan Principality). Capture of Bulgarian settlements, announcement of Pereyaslavets new capital. Byzantium Byzantium against the strengthening of the Russian lands Treaty with the Pechenegs. 972 - death of Svyatoslav
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From the history of the dynasty of Russian tsars Kalaeva Anita 7"B" class Teacher Fidarova Zh.U. Rurikovichi
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Rurikovich: -Foundation of the dynasty -Rulers of the dynasty (BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY FROM Rurik to Ivan the Terrible) -Suppression of the dynasty
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Rurik (862-879) Rurik was the founder of the Rurik dynasty - a dynasty of Russian princes, and then tsars, who ruled for 736 years, from the end of the 9th to the 16th century. The last of the Rurikovichs - Tsar Fedor Ioannovich - died in 1598. According to the chronicle legend, Rurik, the head of the Varangian tribe "Ros" or "Rus", was called by the Ilmen Slavs to reign in Novgorod. During the reign of Rurik, the lands of the Merya tribes, the whole and Murom were attached to the lands of the Slavs. According to the chronicle, Rurik was married to Princess Efanda of Urman and had a son, Igor. According to unverified sources of the late 16th - early 17th centuries, Rurik died in Korel in 879, having transferred the government and his young son Igor to his distant relative Oleg.
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Oleg (879-912) Some historians consider Oleg a relative of Rurik. He came along with Rurik's retinue, received power after the death of Rurik in 879, and ruled until the age of majority by Rurik's son Igor. In 882, Oleg captured Kyiv and began to rule in it, proclaiming Kyiv "the mother of Russian cities." . In 907, under the leadership of Oleg, a successful campaign was made against Tsargrad (Constantinople), as a result of which the Russians received a rich tribute from the Byzantines and a few years later signed the first peace treaty with Byzantium. Prince Oleg died in 912, leaving a strong state centered in Kyiv to Rurik's son Igor.
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Igor (912-945) According to the chronicle, Prince Igor assumed power in 912 after the death of Oleg, already in adulthood. . In 941, Prince Igor undertook a campaign against Constantinople, which ended very sadly for the Russian army. The following year, Kyiv and Tsargrad exchanged embassies and signed a new peace treaty. Prince Igor went with his retinue to the Drevlyansk land for tribute. Considering the tribute insufficient, Prince Igor decided to collect tribute again. Outraged by such arbitrariness, the Drevlyans killed Igor's small detachment, and killed him himself. This happened in 945. Prince Igor ruled for 32 years.
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Olga (945-962) According to chroniclers, Olga married Prince Igor in 903. After the death of her husband, Princess Olga ruled the state until her son Svyatoslav came of age. Princess Olga wrote a special page in the history of Christianity. She was the first Christian princess. In her declining years, the pagan Olga wanted to become a Christian and in 957 went to Constantinople to accept Christianity from the Greek patriarch. Emperor of Byzantium Constantine Porphyrogenitus became her godfather The years of Olga's reign were characterized by the expansion of international relations Kievan Rus: relations with Byzantium were strengthened, embassies were exchanged with the German emperor Otto I. Contemporaries noted in Olga's character a combination of an outstanding mind and energy inherent in outstanding statesmen. "Tradition called Olga Khitroya, the church - Holy, history - Wise." (Karamzin)
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Svyatoslav (962-972) The chronicler draws Svyatoslav like this. He was a born warrior, "a knight without fear and reproach", unusually hardy in campaigns, unpretentious in everyday life, he could sleep in the open with a saddle under his head, was undemanding in food, fast and decisive in movements. Svyatoslav never attacked the enemy without warning him: "I'm coming at you." Beginning in 964, he made a number of campaigns on the Oka, in the Volga region, on North Caucasus and the Balkans, freeing the Slavic tribes from the power of the Khazars and annexing new lands to their territories. In 965 Svyatoslav defeated Khazar Khaganate. In the spring of 972, Svyatoslav's detachment, exhausted by the campaign, took the battle with the Pechenegs. In this battle, Svyatoslav was killed. From the skull of Svyatoslav, the Pecheneg leader Kurya ordered to make a cup for himself and drank from it during the festivities
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St. Vladimir (980-1015) St. Vladimir ruled in Novgorod from 969. In 980, Vladimir, having killed his half-brother Yaropolk, became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. Vladimir was the sole ruler of the Russian land. My political activity Vladimir began with an attempt to reduce the beliefs of various tribes into one. The estimated date for the adoption of Christianity in Rus' is August 1, 988. From that moment, the chroniclers speak of Vladimir as a holy and pious person. The estimated date for the adoption of Christianity in Rus' is August 1, 988. From that moment, the chroniclers speak of Vladimir as a holy and pious man. Vladimir did a lot to strengthen the borders of the state. By the beginning of the 11th century, almost all the major unions of the Eastern Slavs were part of the state.
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Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) Yaroslav I the Wise - son of Vladimir the Great. In 1019, Yaroslav became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. In 1036, Yaroslav managed to unite all of Rus' under his rule, Yaroslav successfully repelled encroachments on his lands. During his reign, a major victory was won over the Pechenegs (1036). The Russian state under Yaroslav the Wise became one of the strongest in Europe. Yaroslav is also known as the first Russian legislator. During his reign, a code of laws was issued, which went down in history under the name "Russian Truth". The prestige of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1051, for the first time in the short history of the Russian Church, without the participation of the Patriarch of Constantinople, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Hilarion, was elected (the sons of Yaroslav lost this right). For his activities, Yaroslav was nicknamed the Wise.
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Vladimir Monomakh (1113-1125) Vladimir was the son of Vsevolod Yaroslavich and Anna, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomakh Vladimir Monomakh was the initiator of the congresses of princes (1096). He called his relatives to peace and harmony. The reign of Monomakh was a favorable period for the development of Rus'. Under his rule, up to three-quarters of the Russian lands were reunited, princely strife ceased. Vladimir Monomakh is known not only as a wise and insightful politician, but also as a legislator. Under him, the so-called "Charter of Monomakh" was created. ., “Teaching children.” Vladimir Monomakh died on May 19, 1125. “The people wept for him, as children cry for their father or mother,” as it is written in the annals
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Yuri Dolgoruky (1090-1157) Yuri Dolgoruky (1090s - May 15, 1157, Kyiv), Prince of Suzdal, Grand Duke of Kiev, sixth son of Vladimir Monomakh. The first annalistic mention of Moscow dated 1147 is also associated with the name of Yuri Dolgoruky. Along with the seizure of new territories and the founding of cities, Prince Yuriy irresistibly sought to seize the throne of Kiev. The struggle for a great reign with his nephew Izyaslav Mstislavich was long. Three times Yuri entered Kyiv as the Grand Duke. The third time he remained with him until the end of his days. The people of Kiev did not like Prince Yuri. This was explained by the fact that Yuri resorted to the help of the Polovtsy and almost always was a troublemaker during periods of struggle for the throne. Yuri Dolgoruky was a "newcomer" for the people of Kiev, from the North. According to the chronicler, after the death of Yuri in 1157, the people of Kiev plundered his rich mansions and killed the Suzdal detachment that came with him.
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Andrei Bogolyubsky (1111-1174) Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky is the eldest son of Yuri Dolgoruky. In his Rostov-Suzdal principality, he became the sole ruler, expelling all relatives - petty princes. Vladimir on the Klyazma became the center of the principality. Not far from Vladimir, in the village of Bogolyubovo, Andrei built a magnificent palace, for which he received the nickname "Bogolyubsky". Due to military campaigns, the prince expanded the territory of his principality: in 1164 he made a campaign against Volga Bulgaria, in 1172 - against Danube Bulgaria, in 1166 he sent his son Mstislav to Podvinye. He was little interested in the affairs of Southern Rus'. He did not share his father's love for Kyiv, he preferred to rule North-Eastern Russia. The authoritarian nature of the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the cruel treatment of those close to him caused discontent among the prince's entourage. In 1174, a conspiracy was drawn up, and Andrei Bogolyubsky was killed.
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Vsevolod the Big Nest (1154-1212) Vsevolod III Yurievich the Big Nest, Old Russian prince, Grand Duke of Vladimir (since 1176), son of Yuri Dolgoruky. He received the nickname Big Nest for having many children (8 sons, 4 daughters). In the campaigns of 1180, 1187, 1207, Ryazan was subjected to his influence, Kyiv, Chernigov depended on the Vladimir prince; in 1190 he took under the patronage of the Galician prince Vladimir Yaroslavich. Thanks to Vsevolod's campaigns against the Volga Bulgars and Mordovians in 1183 and 1186, the territory of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality expanded to the east. Vsevolod Yurievich ruled for 37 years. He died in 1212. After him, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus began to disintegrate into specific principalities.
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Alexander Nevsky (1252-1263) Alexander Yaroslavich received a label in the Golden Horde for the Great reign only in 1252. Nevsky consistently pursued a policy aimed at strengthening the northwestern borders of Rus' and reconciliation with the Tatars. While still the prince of Novgorod (1236-1251), he showed himself to be an experienced commander and a wise ruler. Thanks to the victories won in the "Battle of the Neva" (1240), in the "Battle on the Ice" (1242), Alexander for a long time discouraged the desire to take possession of the northern Russian lands from the Swedes, Germans and Lithuanians. Alexander conducted an opposite policy towards the Mongols-Tatars. It was a policy of peace and cooperation, the purpose of which was to prevent a new invasion of Rus'. The prince often traveled to the Horde with rich gifts. He managed to achieve the release of Russian soldiers from the obligation to fight on the side of the Mongol-Tatars. In 1263, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky died in Gorodets.
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Ivan Kalita (1325-1240) Ivan I Danilovich Kalita (until 1296 - 1340, Moscow), the Moscow prince (from 1325) laid the foundations for the political and economic power of Moscow. Ivan Kalita's influence was strengthened by the transfer of Metropolitan Peter to Moscow from Vladimir (1325). As a sign of victory over Ivan Kalita, he brought the cathedral bell from Tver to Moscow. In 1332, most of the Vladimir principality was annexed to the Moscow principality with the cities of Vladimir, Bogolyubovo, Yaropolch, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Nizhny Novgorod In 1332, the Moscow prince achieved in the Horde recognition of himself as the Grand Duke of the Golden Horde Khan transferred to him the right to collect tribute in Rus'. He steadily sought to expand the territory of his principality. John Danilovich received the nickname "Kalita" because of the large purse with money that he carried with him. Died in 1340
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Dmitry Donskoy (1359-1389) Domestic politics Dmitry Donskoy was aimed at autocracy. During the reign there was a struggle for the strengthening and integrity of the state. Dmitry was the first of the Moscow princes to lead the armed struggle of the people against the Tatars. Grand Duke Dmitry Ioannovich entered Russian history as a hero of the Battle of Kulikovo. Dmitry Ivanovich showed an outstanding military talent, for which he was nicknamed Donskoy. During his reign, Moscow established its leadership position in the Russian lands. Dmitry Donskoy for the first time transferred the great reign to his eldest son Vasily without the sanction of the Golden Horde as "his fatherland". During the reign of Dmitry Ioannovich, a white-stone Kremlin was built in Moscow - the first stone fortress in North-Eastern Rus'. Died 19 May 1389
Igor (son of Rurik) Olga (wife of Igor, mother of Svyatoslav) Years of reign Igor - 912-945 Olga - 945-969
Campaigns against Byzantium (941 and 944), killed while trying to re-collect tribute from the Drevlyans.
945 - 969 She avenged the murder of her husband, streamlined the collection of tribute, converted to Christianity during a visit to Constantinople (955 or 957).
- Prince Svyatoslav was three years old when, together with his mother, at the head of a large army, he went to avenge the Drevlyans for the death of his father. It was he who started the battle.
- The whole short life of Svyatoslav was spent in campaigns.
Svyatoslav
(son of Igor and Olga) Years of reign 945 - 972.
Svyatoslav and Tzimiskes
- He subjugated the Vyatichi, defeated the Khazar Khaganate,
- trip to Bulgaria (967),
- campaign against Byzantium (970 - 971),
- killed by the Pechenegs.
Vladimir was the youngest son of Svyatoslav.
In 980, Vladimir became the Grand Duke of Kyiv.
An attempt to bring pagan cults to uniformity (980), the adoption of Christianity as the state religion
(summer 988).
By order of the prince, churches were erected in many places in Kyiv.
Vladimir Saint
(son of Svyatoslav) Years of reign 980 - 1015.
Yaroslav became the Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1019.
The beginning of the creation of "Russian Truth", final defeat Pechenegs (1036), building Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv.
Yaroslav died in 1054 and was buried in the church he built.
Yaroslav was called wise at the end of the long reign of the prince for all his activities in Russian culture.
Yaroslav the Wise (son of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich) Years of reign 1019 - 1054
The congress of princes in Lyubech (1097) - securing the Rostov-Suzdal lands for Vladimir and his descendants. Foundation of Vladimir on the Klyazma (1108). Mass resettlement to the Rostov-Suzdal principality of residents from Chernigov and Pereyaslav principalities.
Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh Years of reign 1093 - 1125 (from 1113 Grand Duke of Kiev).
Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky (son of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh) Years of reign 1125 - 1157. (from 1155 Grand Duke of Kiev).
- Transfer of the capital of the principality from Rostov to Suzdal (1125). Foundation of Moscow (1147). Expansion of the territory of the principality. The struggle for the Kiev reign.
- The prince received his nickname "Dolgoruky" at the end of his life, when he led bloody war with other princes - Rurikovich for the throne of Kiev.
- 2 years before his death, he achieved the Great Kyiv reign.
Andrey Yurievich Bogolyubsky (son of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky) Years of reign 1157 -1174
Prince Andrei - the second son of Yuri Dolgoruky - was born around 1111.
Andrei Bogolyubsky made 5 campaigns.
The transfer of the capital of the principality from Suzdal to Vladimir on the Klyazma, the construction of a princely castle in Bogolyubev. Capture and ruin of Kyiv (1169).
Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky Years of reign 1252 - 1263 (from 1236 Prince of Novgorod, from 1249 Grand Duke of Kiev).
Alexander Yaroslavovich was about twenty years old when he received the nickname Nevsky, glorifying himself and all of Rus' in the famous Neva battle.
Tatar census (1257), the creation of a Basque organization in Rus'. rebellion against Horde yoke in Rostov, Suzdal, Vladimir, Yaroslavl (all suppressed ).
Daniel Alexandrovich ( son Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky ) Years of reign 1276 - 1303
- Prince Daniel was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky from his second wife.
- There is evidence that Daniel became a Moscow prince in infancy.
- Founder of the Moscow princely dynasty. Accession to Moscow of lands from Kolomna to Serpukhov and Pereslavl-Zalessky principality.
- The suppression of the anti-Horde uprising in Tver (1327), obtaining the right to collect tribute from Russian lands in favor of the khan (1328), the transfer of the residence of the metropolitan from Vladimir to Moscow (1328). Accession to Moscow of the main territory of the Vladimir Principality (Uglich, Beloozero, Kostroma, Galich, Rostov).
Ivan Danilovich Kalita (son of Daniil Alexandrovich) Years of reign 1325 - 1340 (since 1328 - Grand Duke Vladimirsky).
The return of the label to the great reign, the construction of the white stone walls of the Moscow Kremlin (1367 - 1368), the struggle with the Tver principality and Lithuania, the Battle of Kulikovo (1380), the ruin of Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh (1382).
Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (grandson Ivana Kalita ) Years of reign 1359 - 1389 (since 1362 Grand Duke Vladimirsky).
- Ivan was born in January 1440.
- Ivan III is a direct descendant of Alexander Nevsky.
- Accession to Moscow of Yaroslavl (1463), Novgorod (1478), Tver (1485), Chernigov (1503). The final liberation from the Horde yoke - standing on the Ugra River (1480). Creation of the Sudebnik in 1497
- Zoya Palaiologos is the heir to the Byzantine throne.
Ivan Vasilyevich III- "Sovereign of All Rus'" Years of reign 1462 - 1505 Zoya Paleolog.
Reforms of the Chosen Rada: Judicial (1550), military reform, "Stoglavy Cathedral" (1551),
reforms of local and central government, annexation of the Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556) khanates to Moscow. Livonian war (1558 - 1583), oprichnina (1565 - 1572), the beginning of the conquest of Siberia by Yermak (1581 - 1584).
Ivan Vasilyevich IV the Terrible Years of reign 1533 - 1584 (since 1547 - king).
- Fedor Ivanovich took the throne at the age of 27. He did not prepare and did not want to be king.
- Establishment of the patriarchate (1589), Russian - swedish war(1590 - 1593), decree on "lesson years" (1597).
- Under Fyodor Ivanovich, the borders of the Russian state expanded to the south, west and east.
Fedor Ivanovich (son Ivan Vasilyevich IV the Terrible ) Years of reign 1584 - 1598 (since 1584 - king).
