Chapter X "Tatar-Mongol yoke" - as it was The so-called yoke of the Tatars did not exist. The Tatars never occupied Russian lands and did not keep their garrisons there ... It is difficult to find parallels in history to such generosity of the winners. B. Ishboldin, honorary professor

TATAR-MONGOLIAN INVASION 1. - The results of the pre-Mongolian period. 2. - The emergence of the Mongols and the conquest of China. 3. - Battle on the Kalka River. 4. - Ulus Jochi. 5. - Tatar invasion. 6. - The second invasion of the Tatars. 7. - Establishing a yoke. 8. - Alexander Nevsky and the Tatars. 9. -

The possession of the Tatar-Mongolian yoke in Rus' began in 1237. Great Rus' disintegrated, and the formation of the Moscow state began.

Under the Tatar-Mongol yoke they mean a cruel period of rule in which Rus' was subordinate to the Golden Horde. Mongolian Tatar yoke in Rus' could hold out for almost two and a half millennia. When asked how long the arbitrariness of the Horde in Rus' lasted, history answers 240 years.

The events that took place during this period were very strongly reflected in the formation of Russia. Therefore, this topic was and remains relevant to this day. The Mongol-Tatar yoke is associated with the cruelest events of the 13th century. These were wild extortions of the population, the destruction of entire cities and thousands and thousands of deaths.

The board of the Tatar-Mongolian yoke is formed by two peoples: the dynasty of the Mongols and the nomadic tribes of the Tartars. The vast majority, however, were precisely the Tatars. In 1206, a meeting of the upper Mongolian estates took place, at which the leader of the Mongolian tribe Temujin was elected. It was decided to begin the era of the Tatar-Mongolian yoke. They named the leader Genghis Khan ( Great Khan). The ability of the reign of Genghis Khan proved to be magnificent. He managed to rally all the nomadic peoples and form the prerequisites for the development of the cultural and economic development of the country.

Military distributions of the Tatar-Mongols

Genghis Khan created a very strong, warlike and rich state. His warriors had surprisingly very hardy qualities, they could spend the winter in their yurt, in the middle of snow and winds. They had a thin build and a thin beard. They shot accurately and were excellent riders. During attacks on states, he had punishments for cowards. In the case of an escape from the battlefield of one fighter, the entire ten were subjected to execution. If a dozen leaves the battle, then the hundred to which she belonged are shot.

Mongolian feudal lords closed a tight ring around the Great Khan. By raising him to the leadership, they planned to get a lot of wealth and jewelry. Only unleashed war and uncontrolled robbery of the conquered countries could lead them to the desired goal. Soon, after the creation of the Mongolian state, aggressive campaigns began to bring the expected results. The robbery continued for about two centuries. The Mongol-Tatars longed to rule the whole world and own all the riches.

Conquest campaigns of the Tatar-Mongolian yoke

• In 1207, the Mongols enriched themselves with large volumes of metal and valuable rocks. Having attacked the tribes located to the north of the Selenga and in the Yenisei valley. This fact makes it possible to explain the emergence and expansion of weapons property.
• Also in 1207, the Tangut state from Central Asia was attacked. Tanguts began to pay tribute to the Mongols.
• 1209 year. They were in the seizure and robbery of the land of the Khigurs (Turkestan).
• 1211. There was a grandiose defeat of China. The armies of the emperors were routed in a crash. The state was plundered and left devastation.
• Date 1219-1221 the states of Central Asia were destroyed. The result of this three-year war was no different from the previous campaigns of the Tatars. The states were defeated and plundered, the Mongols took talented artisans with them. Leaving behind only burned houses and poor people.
• By 1227, vast territories in the east had passed into the possession of the Mongol feudal lords. Pacific Ocean to the west of the Caspian Sea.

The consequences of the Tatar-Mongol invasion are the same. Thousands of dead and the same number of enslaved people. Destroyed and plundered countries, which need to be restored for a very, very long time. By the time the Tatar-Mongol yoke approached the borders of Rus', its army was extremely numerous, gained experience in combat, endurance and the necessary weapons.

Mongol conquests

Mongol invasion of Rus'

The beginning of the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Rus' has long been considered 1223. Then the experienced army of the Great Khan came close to the borders of the Dnieper. At that time, the Polovtsy provided assistance, since the principality in Rus' was in dispute and disagreement, the defensive capabilities were significantly reduced.

• Battle on the Kalka River. May 31, 1223. The Mongol army numbering 30 thousand broke through the Polovtsy, and collided with the army of Rus'. The first and only ones who took the blow were the princely troops of Mstislav the Udaly, who had every chance to break through the dense chain of the Mongols-Tatars. But he did not wait for support from other princes. As a result, Mstislav died, surrendering to the enemy. The Mongols received a lot of valuable military information from captured Russians. There were very big losses. But the onslaught of the enemy was still held back for a long time.
• The beginning of the invasion December 16, 1237. The first on the way was Ryazan. At that time, the death of Genghis Khan occurred, and his place was taken by his grandson, Batu. The army under the command of Batu was no less fierce. They swept away and plundered everything and everyone who met them along the way. The invasion was targeted and carefully planned, so the Mongols quickly penetrated deep into the country. The city of Ryazan held out for five days under siege. Despite the fact that the city was surrounded by strong high walls, under the onslaught of enemy weapons, the walls of the city fell. The Tatar-Mongol yoke robbed and killed the people for ten days.
• Battle near Kolomna. Further, Batu's army began to move towards Kolomna. On the way, they met an army of 1,700 people, subordinate to Evpatiy Kolovrat. And despite the fact that the Mongols outnumbered the army of Evpatiy many times over, he did not chicken out and repulsed the enemy with all his might. As a result, causing significant damage to him. The army of the Tatar-Mongolian yoke continued to move and set off along the Moscow River, to the city of Moscow, which lasted five days in a siege. At the end of the battle, the city was burned, and most of the people were killed. You should know that before getting to the city of Vladimir, the Tatar-Mongols conducted defensive operations all the way against the hidden Russian squad. They had to be very attentive and always be ready for a new battle. On the road, there were many battles and skirmishes with the Russians.
• Grand Duke Vladimirsky Yuri Vsevolodovich, did not respond to requests for help from the Ryazan prince. But then he himself was under threat of attack. The prince competently disposed of the time that was between the Ryazan battle and Vladimir. He gathered a large army and armed it. It was decided to determine the city of Kolomna as the place of the battle. On February 4, 1238, the plan of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich began to be implemented.
• It was the most grandiose battle in terms of the number of troops and the hot battle of the Tatar-Mongols and Russians. But he was also lost. The number of Mongols still significantly exceeded. The Tatar-Mongolian invasion of this city lasted exactly a month. Ending on March 4, 1238, the Russians were defeated and also plundered. The prince fell in a heavy battle, inflicting a great deportation on the Mongols. Vladimir became the last of the fourteen cities conquered by the Mongols in North-Eastern Rus'.
• In 1239 the cities of Chernihiv and Pereslavl were defeated.. A trip to Kyiv is planned.
• December 6, 1240. Captured Kyiv. This further crippled the already shattered structure of the country. The powerfully fortified Kyiv was smashed by huge battering rams and rapids. The way to Southern Rus' and Eastern Europe was opened.
• 1241. Palo Galicia-Volyn principality. After that, the actions of the Mongols stopped for a while.

In the spring of 1247, the Mongol-Tatars reached the opposite border of Rus' and entered Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Batu put the created "Golden Horde" on the borders of Rus'. In 1243, they began to accept and approve the princes of the regions into the horde. There were also large cities that survived against the Horde like Smolensk, Pskov and Novgorod. These cities tried to express their disagreement and resist the rule of Batu. The first attempted great Andrey Yaroslavovich. But his efforts were not supported by the majority of church and secular feudal lords, who, after so many battles and attacks, finally established business with the Mongol khans.

In short, after the established order, the princes and church feudal lords did not want to get off their seats and agreed to recognize the power of the Mongol khans and the established tribute extortion from the population. The plundering of Russian lands will continue.

The country had more and more attacks of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. And it was increasingly difficult to give a fitting rebuff to the robbers. In addition to the fact that the country was already pretty tired, the people, impoverished and downtrodden, the princely showdowns did not make it possible to get up from their knees.

In 1257, the Horde started a population census in order to securely establish a yoke and impose an unbearable tribute on the people. Become the unshakable and undeniable ruler of the Russian lands. Rus' managed to defend its political system and reserved the right to build a social and political stratum.

The Russian land was subjected to endless painful invasions of the Mongols, which would last until 1279.

The overthrow of the Tatar-Mongol yoke

The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Rus' came in 1480. The Golden Horde began to gradually disintegrate. Many large principalities were divided and lived in constant skirmishes with each other. The liberation of Rus' from the Tatar-Mongol yoke is the service of Prince Ivan III. Ruled from 1426 to 1505. The prince united the two major cities Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and went to the goal of overthrowing the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

In 1478, Ivan III put forward a refusal to pay tribute to the Horde. In November 1480, the famous "standing on the Ugra River" took place. The name is characterized by the fact that neither side decided to start the battle. After spending a month on the river, the deposed Khan Akhmat broke camp and went to the Horde. How many years the Tatar-Mongol rule lasted, ruining and destroying the Russian people and Russian lands can now be answered with confidence. Mongolian yoke in Rus'

Studying the works of chroniclers, the testimonies of European travelers who visited Rus' and the Mongol Empire, the far from unambiguous interpretation of the events of the 10th–15th centuries by academician N.V. Levashov, L.N. Gumilyov, one cannot help but wonder a range of questions: there was a Tatar-Mongolian yoke or it was invented on purpose, for a specific purpose, this is a historical fact or deliberate fiction.

In contact with

Russians and Mongols

Deceased in 978 Kyiv prince Yaroslav the Wise had to do so how the british do it, in which the entire inheritance is given to the eldest son, and the rest become either priests or naval officers, then we would not have formed several separate regions given to the heirs of Yaroslav.

Specific disunity of Rus'

Each prince who received the land divided it among his sons, which contributed to an even greater weakening of Kievan Rus, although it expanded its possessions by transferring the capital to forest Vladimir.

Our state do not be specific disunity, would not allow the Tatar-Mongols to enslave themselves.

Nomads at the walls of Russian cities

At the end of the 9th century, Kyiv was surrounded by the Hungarians, who were forced out to the west by the Pechenegs. Following them, by the middle of the 11th century, Torks followed, followed by the Polovtsy; then the invasion of the Mongol Empire began.

Approaches to the Russian principalities repeatedly besieged by powerful troops steppe dwellers, after a while the former nomads were replaced by others who enslaved them with greater prowess and better weapons.

How did the empire of Genghis Khan develop?

The period of the end of the XII - beginning of the XIII century was marked by the unification of several Mongolian clans, directed by the extraordinary Temujin who took the title of Genghis Khan in 1206.

The endless feuds of the governors-noyons were stopped, ordinary nomads were subjected to exorbitant dues and obligations. To strengthen the position of the common population and the aristocracy, Genghis Khan moved his huge army first to the prosperous Celestial Empire, and later to Islamic lands.

The state of Genghis Khan had an organized military administration, government staff of employees, had postal communication, constant taxation. The code of canons "Yasa" balanced the powers of adherents of any beliefs.

The foundation of the empire was the army, based on the principles of universal army duty, military order, and strict restraint. Yurtzh quartermasters planned routes, halts, stocked food. Information about future points of attack brought merchants, heads of convoys, special missions.

Attention! The result of the aggressive campaigns of Genghis Khan with his followers was a gigantic superpower that covered the Celestial Empire, Korea, Central Asia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Transcaucasia, Syria, steppes of Eastern Europe, Kazakhstan.

Successes of the Mongols

From the southeast, imperial troops unloaded on the Japanese Islands, the islands of the Malay Archipelago; reached Egypt on the Sinai Peninsula, to the north they approached the European borders of Austria. 1219 - the army of Genghis Khan conquered the greatest Central Asian state - Khorezm, which then became part of the Golden Horde. By 1220 Genghis Khan founded Karakorum- the capital of the Mongol Empire.

Having rounded the Caspian Sea from the south, the cavalry troops invaded Transcaucasia, through the Derbent gorge they reached North Caucasus, where they met with the Polovtsians and Alans, having defeated them, they captured the Crimean Sudak.

Steppe nomads persecuted by the Mongols asked for protection from the Russians. The Russian princes accepted the offer to fight with an unknown army outside the borders of their land. In 1223, by a cunning trick, the Mongols lured the Russians and Polovtsians to the shores. The squads of our commanders resisted separately and were completely overturned.

1235 - the meeting of the Mongolian aristocracy approved the decision on the campaign to capture Rus', detaching most of the imperial soldiers, about 70 thousand combat units under the control of Genghis Khan's grandson Batu.

This army was defined symbolically as "Tatar-Mongolian". "Tatars" were called Persians, Chinese, Arabs of the steppes living on northern border with them.

By the middle of the 13th century, in the mighty state of Chingizids, the chiefs of military districts and selected privileged fighters were Mongol, the other troops remained a characteristic imperial army, representing the soldiers of the defeated territories - the Chinese, Alans, Iranians, and countless Turkic tribes. Having captured Silver Bulgaria, the Mordvins and the Kipchaks, this cloud moved closer in the cold of 1237 to the borders of Rus', covered Ryazan, then Vladimir.

Important! The historical countdown of the Tatar-Mongol yoke begins in 1237, with the capture of Ryazan.

Russians defend themselves

Since that time, Rus' began to pay tribute to the conquerors, very often subjected to the most severe raids of the Tatar-Mongol troops. Rusichi heroically responded to the invaders. Little Kozelsk entered the history, which the Mongols called the evil city because he fought back and fought to the last; defenders fought: women, old people, children - everything, who could hold a weapon or pouring molten resin from the walls of the city. Not a single person in Kozelsk survived, some died in battle, the rest were finished off when the enemy army broke through the defenses.

The name of the Ryazan boyar Yevpaty Kolovrat is well known, who, having returned to his native Ryazan and seeing what the invaders had done there, rushed after the Batyev detachments with a small army, fought them to the death.

1242 - Khan Batu founded the newest settlement on the Volga plains Genghisid Empire - Golden Horde. The Russians gradually guessed with whom they were to come into conflict. From 1252 to 1263, Alexander Nevsky was the highest lord of Vladimir, in fact, then the Tatar yoke was established as a concept of legal subordination to the Horde.

Finally, the Russians understood that it was necessary to unite against a terrible enemy. 1378 - Russian squads on the Vozha River defeated the huge Tatar-Mongolian hordes under the leadership of an experienced Murza Begich. Offended by this defeat, the temnik Mamai put together an innumerable army and moved to Muscovy. At the call of Prince Dmitry to save his native land, all of Rus' rose.

1380 - Mamai's temnik was finally defeated on the Don River. After that great battle, Dmitry began to be called Donskoy, the battle itself was named after the historical town of Kulikovo field between the rivers Don and Nepryadva, where the massacre took place, called.

But Rus' did not come out of bondage. How many years still could not she gain final independence. Two years later, Tokhtamysh Khan burned Moscow, because Prince Dmitry Donskoy left to gather an army, he could not give worthy rebuff to the attackers. For another hundred years, the Russian princes continued to obey the Horde, and it became weaker and weaker due to the strife of Genghisides - the bloodlines of Genghis.

1472 - Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow, defeated the Mongols, refused to pay tribute to them. A few years later, the Horde decided to restore its rights and moved with the next campaign.

1480 - Russian troops settled on one bank of the Ugra River, Mongolian - on the other. "Standing" on the Ugra lasted 100 days.

Finally, the Russians moved away from the coast to make room for a future battle, but the Tatars did not have the courage to cross, they left. The Russian army returned to Moscow, and the opponents returned to the Horde. The question is who won- Slavs or the fear of their enemies.

Attention! In 1480 came the end of the yoke in Rus', its north and northeast. However, a number of researchers believe that Moscow's dependence on the Horde continued until the reign.

The results of the invasion

Some scholars believe that the contributed to the regression of Rus', but this is a lesser evil compared to the Western Russian enemies, who took away our allotments, demanding the transition of the Orthodox to Catholicism. Positive thinkers believe that the Mongol Empire helped Muscovy rise. The strife ceased, the divided Russian principalities united against a common enemy.

After the establishment of stable ties with Russia, the rich Tatar murzas with convoys amicably reached out to Muscovy. The arrivals converted to Orthodoxy, married Slavs, gave birth to children with non-Russian surnames: Yusupov, Khanov, Mamaev, Murzin.

The classic history of Russia is refuted

Among some historians there is a different opinion about the Tatar-Mongol yoke and about those who invented it. Here are some interesting facts:

1. The gene pool of the Mongols is different from the gene pool of the Tatars, so they cannot be combined into a common ethnic group.
2. Genghis Khan had a Caucasian appearance.
3. Lack of writing Mongols and Tatars of the 12th–13th centuries, as a consequence of this - the lack of perpetuated evidence of their victorious raids.
4. Our chronicles, confirming the bondage of the Russians for almost three hundred years, have not been found. There are some pseudo-historical documents that describe the Mongol-Tatar yoke only since the beginning of the reign.
5. Confusion causes lack of archaeological artifacts from the place of famous battles, for example, from the Kulikovo field,
6. The entire territory over which the Horde roamed did not give archaeologists either a lot of weapons of that time, or the burial places of the dead, or mounds with the bodies of the dead on the camps of the steppe nomads.
7. The ancient Russian tribes had paganism with a Vedic worldview. Their patrons were the God Tarkh and his sister, the Goddess Tara. From here came the name of the people "Tarkhtars", later simply "Tartars". The population of Tartaria was Russian, further to the east of Eurasia they were diluted with scattered multilingual tribes, nomadic in search of food. All of them were called Tartars, in the present - Tatars.
8. Later chroniclers covered up the fact of the violent, bloody imposition of the Greek Catholic faith on Rus' by the invasion of the Horde, carried out the order of the Byzantine Church and the ruling elite of the state. The new Christian doctrine, which received the name Orthodox Christianity after the reform of Patriarch Nikon, led the masses to a split: some accepted Orthodoxy, those who disagree exterminated or exiled to the northeastern provinces, to Tartaria.
9. The Tartars did not forgive the destruction of the population, the ruin of the Kyiv principality, but its army failed to respond with lightning speed, distracted by turmoil on the Far Eastern borders of the country. When the Vedic empire gained strength, it rebuffed those who planted the Greek religion, a real civil war began: the Russians with the Russians, the so-called pagans (Old Believers) with the Orthodox. Lasting almost 300 years modern historians filed a confrontation of their own against ours as a “Mongol-Tatar invasion”.
10. After the forced baptism by Vladimir the Red Sun, the Kiev principality was destroyed, settlements devastated, burned, most of the inhabitants destroyed. They could not explain what was happening, so they covered it with a Tatar-Mongol yoke to mask the cruelty transition to new faith (not without reason Vladimir after that began to be called Bloody) the invasion of "wild nomads" was called.

Tatars in Rus'

Kazan's past

The Kazan fortress of the end of the 12th century becomes the patronal city of the state of the Volga-Kama Bulgars. After some time, the country submits to the Mongols, for three centuries it submits to the Golden Horde, the Bulgarian rulers, akin to the Moscow princes, pay dues, correct subordinate functions.

By the fifties of the XV century, following the obvious division of the Mongol Empire, its former ruler Udu-Muhammed, who found himself without property, invaded the Bulgarian capital, executed the governor Ali-Bek, seized his throne.

1552 - Tsarevich Yediger arrived in Kazan - the heir of the Khan of Astrakhan. Ediger descended on 10,000 foreigners, self-willed nomads wandering around the steppe.

Ivan IV Vasilyevich, Tsar of All Rus', conquers the capital of Bulgaria

The battle for Kazan was played out not with the native inhabitants of the state, but with the military masses of Yediger, who had been overtaken by him from Astrakhan. The army of many thousands of Ivan the Terrible was opposed by a flock of Genghisides, consisting of the peoples of the Middle Volga region, Turkic tribes, Nogais, Mari.

October 15, 1552 after 41 days courageous defense, during a frenzied assault, the glorious fertile city of Kazan surrendered. After the defense of the capital, almost all of its defenders perished. The city was completely destroyed. A merciless punishment awaited the surviving residents: wounded men, old people, children - all were finished off by victors at the behest of the Moscow Tsar; young women with tiny babies were sent into slavery. If the tsar of all Rus', having finished with Kazan and Astrakhan, planned to perform the rite of baptism against the will of all Tatars, then, of course, he would have committed another lawlessness.

Even Peter I advocated the creation of a mono-confessional Christian state, but during his reign, the peoples of Rus' did not reach the universal baptism.

The baptism of the Tatars in Rus' took place from the first half of the 18th century. 1740 - Empress Anna Ioannovna issued a decree according to which all the heterodox peoples of Russia were to accept Orthodoxy. According to the prescriptions, it was not fitting for new converts to live with non-Christians; non-Christs were to be resettled in separate localities. Among the Muslim Tatars who recognized Orthodoxy there was a small share much less in comparison with the pagans. The situation gave rise to the displeasure of the crown and the administration, who adopted the practice of the last quarter of the 16th century. Those in power initiated cardinal sanctions.

Radical measures

It was not possible to baptize the Tatars in Rus' several centuries ago and remains problematic in our time. Actually, the refusal of the Tatars to accept Orthodoxy, as well as the resistance to the course of Christianization of the Orthodox priesthood, led to the implementation of the intention to destroy Muslim churches.

The Islamic people not only rushed to the authorities with petitions, but also reacted extremely disapprovingly to the widespread destruction of mosques. It spawned dominant power concern.

Orthodox priests of the Russian army became preachers among non-Christian servicemen. Upon learning of this, some of the heterodox recruits preferred to be baptized even before mobilization. In order to induce the adoption of Christianity, tax discounts were used by the baptized, and non-Orthodox had to pay additional contributions.

Documentary film about the Mongol-Tatar yoke

Alternative history, Tatar-Mongol yoke

conclusions

As you understand, many opinions are offered today about the features of the Mongol invasion. Maybe in the future, scientists will be able to find solid evidence of the fact of its existence or fiction, what politicians and rulers covered up with the Tatar-Mongol yoke, and for what purpose this was done. Perhaps the true truth about the Mongols (the "great" as other tribes called Genghisides) will be revealed. History is a science where there can be no unambiguous view on this or that event, since it is always considered from different points vision. Scientists collect facts, and descendants will draw conclusions.

It has long been no secret that there was no "Tatar-Mongol yoke", and no Tatars with Mongols conquered Rus'. But who falsified history and why? What was hidden behind the Tatar-Mongol yoke? Bloody Christianization of Rus'...

Exists a large number of facts that not only unequivocally refute the hypothesis of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, but also indicate that history was deliberately distorted, and that this was done with a very specific purpose ... But who deliberately distorted history and why? What real events did they want to hide and why?

If we analyze historical facts, it becomes obvious that the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" was invented in order to hide the consequences of the "baptism" of Kievan Rus. After all, this religion was imposed in a far from peaceful way ... In the process of "baptism" most of the population of the Kyiv principality was destroyed! It definitely becomes clear that those forces that were behind the imposition of this religion, in the future, fabricated history, juggling historical facts for themselves and their goals ...

These facts are known to historians and are not secret, they are publicly available, and anyone can easily find them on the Internet. Omitting scientific research and justification, which have already been described quite extensively, let's summarize the main facts that refute the big lie about the "Tatar-Mongol yoke".

French engraving by Pierre Duflos (1742-1816)

1. Genghis Khan

Previously, in Rus', 2 people were responsible for governing the state: the Prince and the Khan. The prince was responsible for governing the state in peacetime. Khan or "war prince" took over the reins of government during the war, in peacetime he was responsible for the formation of the horde (army) and maintaining it in combat readiness.

Genghis Khan is not a name, but the title of "war prince", which, in modern world, close to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Army. And there were several people who bore such a title. The most prominent of them was Timur, it is about him that they usually talk about when they talk about Genghis Khan.

In the surviving historical documents, this man is described as a tall warrior with blue eyes, very white skin, powerful reddish hair and a thick beard. Which clearly does not correspond to the signs of a representative of the Mongoloid race, but fully fits the description of the Slavic appearance (L.N. Gumilyov - “ Ancient Rus' and the Great Steppe).

In modern "Mongolia" there is not a single folk epic, which would say that this country once conquered almost all of Eurasia in ancient times, just like there is nothing about the great conqueror Genghis Khan ... (N.V. Levashov "Visible and invisible genocide").

Reconstruction of the throne of Genghis Khan with a family tamga with a swastika

2. Mongolia

The state of Mongolia appeared only in the 1930s, when the Bolsheviks came to the nomads living in the Gobi desert and informed them that they were the descendants of the great Mongols, and their “compatriot” created the Great Empire at one time, which they were very surprised and delighted with . The word "Mogul" is of Greek origin and means "Great". This word the Greeks called our ancestors - the Slavs. It has nothing to do with the name of any people (N.V. Levashov "Visible and invisible genocide").

3. The composition of the army "Tatar-Mongols"

70-80% of the army of the "Tatar-Mongols" were Russians, the remaining 20-30% were other small peoples of Rus', in fact, as now. This fact is clearly confirmed by a fragment of the icon of Sergius of Radonezh "The Battle of Kulikovo". It clearly shows that the same warriors are fighting on both sides. And this fight is more like civil war than to go to war with a foreign conqueror.

The museum description of the icon reads: “... In the 1680s. an attachment with a picturesque legend about the “Mamaev Battle” was added. On the left side of the composition, cities and villages are depicted that sent their soldiers to help Dmitry Donskoy - Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Rostov, Novgorod, Ryazan, the village of Kurba near Yaroslavl and others. On the right is Mamaia's camp. In the center of the composition is the scene of the Battle of Kulikovo with the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey. On the lower field - a meeting of the victorious Russian troops, the burial of dead heroes and the death of Mamai.

In all these pictures, taken both from Russians and European sources, the battles of the Russians with the Mongol-Tatars are depicted, but nowhere is it possible to determine who is Russian and who is Tatar. Moreover, in the latter case, both the Russians and the "Mongol-Tatars" are dressed in almost the same gilded armor and helmets, and fight under the same banners with the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands. Another thing is that the "Spas" of the two warring parties, most likely, was different.

4. What did the "Tatar-Mongols" look like?

Pay attention to the drawing of the tomb of Henry II the Pious, who was killed on the Legnica field.

The inscription is as follows: “The figure of a Tatar under the feet of Henry II, Duke of Silesia, Krakow and Poland, placed on the grave in Breslau of this prince, who was killed in the battle with the Tatars at Liegnitz on April 9, 1241.” As we can see, this "Tatar" has a completely Russian appearance, clothes and weapons.

In the next image - "the Khan's palace in the capital of the Mongol Empire, Khanbalik" (it is believed that Khanbalik is allegedly Beijing).

What is "Mongolian" and what is "Chinese" here? Again, as in the case of the tomb of Henry II, before us are people of a clearly Slavic appearance. Russian caftans, archer caps, the same broad beards, the same characteristic blades of sabers called "elman". The roof on the left is almost an exact copy of the roofs of the old Russian towers ... (A. Bushkov, "Russia, which was not").

5. Genetic expertise

According to the latest data obtained as a result of genetic research, it turned out that Tatars and Russians have very similar genetics. Whereas the differences between the genetics of Russians and Tatars from the genetics of the Mongols are colossal: “The differences between the Russian gene pool (almost completely European) and the Mongolian (almost completely Central Asian) are really great - it’s like two around the world…»

6. Documents during the Tatar-Mongol yoke

During the existence of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, not a single document in the Tatar or Mongolian language has been preserved. But there are many documents of this time in Russian.

7. Lack of objective evidence supporting the hypothesis of the Tatar-Mongol yoke

On this moment no originals of any historical documents, which would objectively prove that there was a Tatar-Mongol yoke. But on the other hand, there are many fakes designed to convince us of the existence of a fiction called the "Tatar-Mongol yoke." Here is one of those fakes. This text is called "The Word about the Destruction of the Russian Land" and in each publication it is announced as "an excerpt from a poetic work that has not come down to us in its entirety ... About the Tatar-Mongol invasion":

“Oh, bright and beautifully decorated Russian land! You are glorified by many beauties: you are famous for many lakes, locally revered rivers and springs, mountains, steep hills, high oak forests, clear fields, marvelous animals, various birds, countless great cities, glorious villages, monastery gardens, temples of God and formidable princes, honest boyars and many nobles. You are full of everything, Russian land, O Orthodox Christian faith! .. "

There is not even a hint of the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" in this text. But on the other hand, in this “ancient” document there is such a line: “You are full of everything, the Russian land, about the Orthodox Christian faith!”

Before Nikon's church reform, which was carried out in the middle of the 17th century, Christianity in Rus' was called "orthodox". It began to be called Orthodox only after this reform... Therefore, this document could have been written no earlier than the middle of the 17th century and has nothing to do with the era of the "Tatar-Mongol yoke"...

On all maps that were published before 1772 and were not corrected in the future, you can see the following picture.

The western part of Rus' is called Muscovy, or Moscow Tartaria ... In this small part of Rus', the Romanov dynasty ruled. Until the end of the 18th century, the Moscow Tsar was called the ruler of Moscow Tartaria or the Duke (Prince) of Moscow. The rest of Rus', which occupied almost the entire continent of Eurasia in the east and south of Muscovy at that time, is called Tartaria or the Russian Empire (see map).

In the 1st edition of the British Encyclopedia of 1771, the following is written about this part of Rus':

“Tartaria, a huge country in the northern part of Asia, bordering Siberia in the north and west: which is called Great Tartaria. Those Tartars living south of Muscovy and Siberia are called Astrakhan, Cherkasy and Dagestan, living in the north-west of the Caspian Sea are called Kalmyk Tartars and which occupy the territory between Siberia and the Caspian Sea; Uzbek Tartars and Mongols, who live north of Persia and India, and, finally, Tibetan, living northwest of China ... "

Where did the name Tartaria come from

Our ancestors knew the laws of nature and the real structure of the world, life, and man. But, as now, the level of development of each person was not the same in those days. People who in their development went much further than others, and who could control space and matter (control the weather, heal diseases, see the future, etc.), were called Magi. Those of the Magi who knew how to control space at the planetary level and above were called Gods.

That is, the meaning of the word God, among our ancestors, was not at all the same as it is now. The gods were people who had gone much further in their development than the vast majority of people. For ordinary person their abilities seemed incredible, however, the gods were also people, and the possibilities of each god had their own limit.

Our ancestors had patrons - God Tarkh, he was also called Dazhdbog (giving God) and his sister - Goddess Tara. These Gods helped people in solving such problems that our ancestors could not solve on their own. So, the gods Tarkh and Tara taught our ancestors how to build houses, cultivate the land, write and much more, which was necessary in order to survive after the catastrophe and eventually restore civilization.

Therefore, more recently, our ancestors told strangers "We are the children of Tarkh and Tara ...". They said this because in their development, they really were children in relation to Tarkh and Tara, who had significantly departed in development. And the inhabitants of other countries called our ancestors "Tarkhtars", and later, because of the difficulty in pronunciation - "Tartars". Hence the name of the country - Tartaria ...

Baptism of Rus'

And here the baptism of Rus'? some may ask. As it turned out, very much so. After all, baptism did not take place in a peaceful way ... Before baptism, people in Rus' were educated, almost everyone knew how to read, write, count (see the article “Russian culture is older than European”).

Recall from school curriculum according to history, at least, the same "Birch bark letters" - letters that peasants wrote to each other on birch bark from one village to another.

Our ancestors had a Vedic world view as described above, it was not a religion. Since the essence of any religion comes down to the blind acceptance of any dogmas and rules, without a deep understanding of why it is necessary to do it this way and not otherwise. The Vedic worldview gave people precisely an understanding of the real laws of nature, an understanding of how the world works, what is good and what is bad.

People saw what happened after the "baptism" in neighboring countries, when, under the influence of religion, a successful, highly developed country with an educated population, in a matter of years, plunged into ignorance and chaos, where only representatives of the aristocracy could read and write, and then not all of them. ..

Everyone perfectly understood what the “Greek religion” carried in itself, into which Prince Vladimir the Bloody and those who stood behind him were going to baptize Kievan Rus. Therefore, none of the inhabitants of the then Kyiv principality (a province that broke away from Great Tartary) accepted this religion. But there were large forces behind Vladimir, and they were not going to retreat.

In the process of "baptism" for 12 years of forced Christianization, with rare exceptions, almost the entire adult population of Kievan Rus was destroyed. Because such a “teaching” could only be imposed on unreasonable children, who, due to their youth, could not yet understand that such a religion turned them into slaves both in the physical and spiritual sense of the word. All those who refused to accept the new "faith" were killed. This is confirmed by the facts that have come down to us. If before the "baptism" on the territory of Kievan Rus there were 300 cities and 12 million inhabitants, then after the "baptism" there were only 30 cities and 3 million people! 270 cities were destroyed! 9 million people were killed! (Diy Vladimir, "Orthodox Rus' before the adoption of Christianity and after").

But despite the fact that almost the entire adult population of Kievan Rus was destroyed by the "holy" baptists, the Vedic tradition did not disappear. On the lands of Kievan Rus, the so-called dual faith was established. Most of the population purely formally recognized the imposed religion of slaves, while they themselves continued to live according to the Vedic tradition, though without showing it off. And this phenomenon was observed not only among the masses, but also among part of the ruling elite. And this state of affairs continued until the reform of Patriarch Nikon, who figured out how to deceive everyone.

But Vedic Slavic-Aryan Empire(Great Tartaria) could not calmly look at the machinations of her enemies, who destroyed three-quarters of the population of the Kyiv Principality. Only her response could not be instantaneous, due to the fact that the army of the Great Tartary was busy with conflicts on its Far Eastern borders. But these retaliatory actions of the Vedic empire were carried out and entered into modern history in a distorted form, under the name of the Mongol-Tatar invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan to Kievan Rus.

Only by the summer of 1223 did the troops of the Vedic Empire appear on the Kalka River. And the united army of the Polovtsians and Russian princes was completely defeated. So they beat us into history lessons, and no one could really explain why the Russian princes fought with the "enemies" so sluggishly, and many of them even went over to the side of the "Mongols"?

The reason for such absurdity was that the Russian princes, who had adopted an alien religion, knew perfectly well who came and why ...

So, there was no Mongol-Tatar invasion and yoke, but there was a return of the rebellious provinces under the wing of the metropolis, the restoration of the integrity of the state. Batu Khan had the task of returning the Western European province-states under the wing of the Vedic Empire, and stopping the invasion of Christians in Rus'. But the strong resistance of some princes, who felt the taste of the still limited, but very large power of the principalities of Kievan Rus, and new unrest on the Far Eastern border did not allow these plans to be completed (N.V. Levashov "Russia in Crooked Mirrors", Volume 2.).

conclusions

In fact, after baptism in the principality of Kiev, only children and a very small part of the adult population who adopted the Greek religion survived - 3 million people out of a population of 12 million before baptism. The principality was completely devastated, most of the cities, villages and villages were looted and burned. But exactly the same picture is drawn to us by the authors of the version of the “Tatar-Mongol yoke”, the only difference is that the same cruel actions were allegedly carried out there by the “Tatar-Mongols”!

As always, the winner writes history. And it becomes obvious that in order to hide all the cruelty with which the Kiev principality was baptized, and in order to stop all possible questions, the “Tatar-Mongol yoke” was subsequently invented. Children were brought up in the traditions of the Greek religion (the cult of Dionysius, and later Christianity) and history was rewritten, where all the cruelty was blamed on “wild nomads”…

The famous statement of President V.V. Putin about the Battle of Kulikovo, in which the Russians allegedly fought against the Tatars with the Mongols ...

Tatar-Mongol yoke - the biggest myth of history

In the section: News of Korenovsk

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