The ancestor of the Rothschild dynasty, Angel Moses Bauer, owned a jewelry workshop, the emblem of which depicted a golden Roman eagle on a red shield. Over time, the workshop began to be called the "Red Shield", and this name - Rothschield - was adopted as a surname by his son, Mayer Amschel, who later founded the banking house.
The Rothschild family was turned into a powerful financial clan by his five sons: Amschel Mayer, Solomon Mayer, Nathan Mayer, Kalman Mayer, James Mayer. We will introduce you to them today.
The Rothschild coat of arms features five arrows symbolizing Mayer Rothschild's five sons, referring to Psalm 126: "Like arrows in the hands of a warrior." Below the coat of arms is written the family motto, in Latin, Concordia, Integritas, Industria (Consent, Honesty, Diligence).
The coat of arms of the Rothschilds depicts 5 arrows - 5 sons of Mayer
Amschel Mayer Rothschild
Amschel Mayer - the eldest son of the founder of the Rothschild dynasty
Before you is a representative of the German branch of the Rothschild financial dynasty. Not much is known about him: he was the second child and eldest son of the founder of the dynasty. After the death of his father in 1812, Amschel Mayer became head of a bank in Frankfurt am Main. In documents, the names of father and son - Mayer Amschel and Amschel Mayer - were often confused. Only upon closer and more detailed study was it possible to establish which of them is meant. Amschel Mayer died childless, and the management of the banking house passed to his nephews.
Solomon Mayer Rothschild
Solomon Rothschild - 1st Jew to become an honorary citizen of Austria
Founder of the Austrian branch of the Rothschild financial dynasty. In 1817, his brother James Mayer Rothschild opened the bank de Rothschild Frères in Paris, where Solomon became its shareholder. Having financial education and many years of experience, in 1820 he went to Austria to formalize the existing interests of the family in financing projects of the Austrian government, where in the capital he founded the bank S M von Rothschild, which began to finance the Nordbahn railway company, the first Austrian railway, and various capital-intensive enterprises government. Under the leadership of Solomon Rothschild, the Austrian bank became a great success and began to play an important role in the development of the Austrian economy. In recognition of his services to Austria, in 1822 Solomon Mayer Rothschild was admitted to the Austrian nobility and received the hereditary title of baron from the hands of Emperor Franz II. In 1843, he was the first Jew to become an honorary citizen of Austria.
Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Rothschild made £40 million from news
Here is the founder of the English branch of the Rothschilds. Nathan Rothschild's most successful business began in 1814, when the British government engaged his bank to finance a military campaign against Napoleon. Large sums of gold were transferred from England to Marshal Wellington and the Allies through the brothers' banks. The Rothschilds were ideally suited to move huge amounts of money in troubled Europe, relieving clients of the risks of transporting money and late payments.
Genius example: at the beginning of the battle, the advantage was on the side of Napoleon, and observers reported to London that he was winning. But the Prussian corps arrived in time to help the British troops, under the leadership of Wellington, and the Allies won. Nathan Rothschild's courier watched the battle and saw how Napoleon fled to Brussels, which later played an important role: he reported this to his superiors. Everyone was convinced that Wellington had lost the battle. Then Rothschild began to sell his shares on the stock exchange. After him, everyone began to sell. As a result, the prices of securities fell almost to zero. At this point, Rothschild agents were buying up shares on the cheap, and on June 21, at 11 pm, Wellington's adjutant delivered a Marshal's report to the government: "Napoleon is defeated." Thus, Nathan Rothschild made £40 million from this news ( for that money - it's a crazy amount).
Kalman (Karl) Mayer von Rothschild
Karl Rothschild had a reputation for being the least gifted of the five brothers
This is the founder of the Naples branch of the Rothschild financial dynasty. He became known under the name Karl through relatives from the English branch; gained experience in his father's business and lived with his parents until the age of 29. In 1821, the occupation of Naples by the Austrian army opened up new business opportunities for the Rothschild family. As a result, Charles was sent to Naples, where he founded the bank C M de Rothschild & Figli as a representative of the parent bank. Despite having a reputation for being the least gifted of the five brothers, he showed himself in Naples as a strong financier and very capable in developing all-important business connections. So Charles established good business relations with the Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, after which his bank became dominant in Naples. After the success of Charles, the Rothschild banking house was represented in all the major capitals of Europe and gained significant influence and advantage over its competitors.
In January 1832, he, a Jewish banker, received the ribbon and star of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George from the new Pope Gregory XVI.
James Mayer Rothschild
The younger generation of Rothschilds calls James "The Great Baron"
James is the youngest of the sons. In 1812, he was only an agent for Brother Nathan in Paris, but over time he delved deeper into the financial affairs of the family bank. James proved to be the most successful in business, and after the death of his brother Nathan in 1836, he takes over the leadership of the Rothschild business. He ushered his brothers and nephews into the "era of the industrial revolution". In the thirties and forties of the XIX century, James finances very large investment projects: the construction of a railway network around Paris and in the north of France. His bank helped the National Bank of France overcome the monetary crisis by providing enough gold to cover the money being issued. The younger generation of Rothschilds calls him the "Great Baron".
For a quarter of a century, James became the second richest man in France, only the king's fortune was greater.
Frankfurt am Main. Two branches of the Rothschilds - English (from Nathan) and French (from James) - lead their history to our time. Amschel Mayer, who lived in Frankfurt, died childless in 1855, the Neapolitan branch died out in the male line in 1901, in the female line in 1935, the Austrian branch died out in the male line in 1980, and the female line of the Austrian branch still exists.
Encyclopedic YouTube
1 / 3
✪ The most powerful clan in the world. Who are they? Of course... THE ROTHSCHILDS
✪ We never dreamed of A million for marriage 3 series Rockefellers and Rothschilds, a conspiracy of the rich
✪ Rothschild bankers of the Black International and the Habsburgs
Subtitles
remember we told you about one of the main nominees for our backstage award against humanity today we decided to tell you about the next and no less successful person in this direction and his clan as a whole, and it seems to the Rothschild that this clan is so powerful and its influence is so great that it can even extinguish this screen and then crack slides on it, but before moving on to the story of the actions of this family and their ancestor, a little background information was born Mayer am Target in Frankfurt in 1744 his first bank, which was an antique shop where you could change money he founded in Frankfurt at the age of 27, the major married at the age of 17 only at a feast and subsequently five of their sons, namely ansel salamon nathan pocket jakob continued his business in the largest financial centers of that time frankfurt vienna paris naples and london it was this five that put down their tenacious roots all over the world also the major had five daughters jeanette isabella babette julie and henrietta whose husbands had no right to participate in the family business and could only act as a labor force, further speaking Rothschild myriam chile and his criminal acts against humanity, it is worth talking about the actions of a whole clan consisting of more than one hundred people, because family values and missions of this kind unite hundreds of relatives into a single whole to this day, by the way, the Rothschild clan comes from the Khazars who worshiped the golden calf and for quite a long time today we want to show you the top 5 Messi Rothschilds who changed history in favor of the Antichrist, and don’t let this religious term scare you, because this is the only way to call the plans that implement this family, it is so large that all the names and family ties that they deliberately and by the way carefully concealed and hide it is extremely difficult to remember, but the essence is one they are Rothschilds and they have a common mission to create a Jewish state Do you know that it was the Rothschilds who invested millions of pounds in the colonization of Palestine? provided the most powerful financial support to the first Jewish settlers in these parts, the money of the Rothschilds and the religious and political idea of Zionism, the world domination of the Jews, proclaimed by the founder of the world Zionist organization, Theodor Herzl, subsequently decided the fate of the creation of the future Jewish state in the twentieth century, with this mission are closely connected and the support of Hitler, we have already reported that the Rockefellers Hitler supported well, and the Rothschilds were also the financial force that stood behind the back of the Nazi leader, although they had their own plans, Hitler came to power with financial assistance through bank accounts in Great Britain, as well as through other banking organizations in England and America, for example, through the Bank of Kuhn Life and K which was led by Paul Warburg, a representative of the Rothschild dynasty, it is also worth pointing out that the heart of Nazi military power was the association of chemical concerns by Germany lg farben in America, this conglomerate had its own branch, one of the rectors of which was Max Warburg, the brother of Paul Warburg and, accordingly, again a representative of the Rothschild dynasty during the period of two world wars the largest news agency in Germany was owned by the Rothschilds, with their help they controlled the information flows from Germany to other countries, it was surprising that against the background of the almost completely destroyed industrial enterprises in Germany, the factories of the Orban conglomerates did not suffer from massive air raids of not really they were just lucky in the end, Baron Rothschild funded both the Jewish colony in Palestine and the adobe election campaign to spread the worldwide banking system, which is no secret to anyone that the Rothschild family, since the time of Mayer am Schild, has slowly but surely established its central banks in every country in the world for centuries, giving them an incredible amount of wealth and power approximately in 1815, this family conquered an English bank and expanded their control over banks in all countries of the world gia method was and is to this day to force the corrupt politicians of the country to receive huge loans that they can never repay, so non-regular customers debtors of the Rothschilds is another the unpleasant moment is that when the head of state refuses to accept a loan, he is often either deprived of power or killed in our time about one hundred and seventy-four banks of this family the only countries left in 2017 without a central bank owned or controlled by the Rothschild family were Cuba North Korea Iran Syria and now remember what a political financial situation in these countries today is a coincidence I don’t think after inciting their unrest in the Arab countries, the Rothschilds finally opened the way for the creation of central banks and destroyed many political leaders what gave them even more power the technology of subordinating governments and states was well described by nathan rothschild who controls the issuance of money controls the government and no matter what puppet sits on the throne in the british empire the person who controls the issuance of money in britain controls the british empire i and control the issuance of money in britain frank extreme clearly and apparently, this system works to this day, seeing our world as incessant warriors of collapse and inhumanity, to teach states to borrow the best of the Frankfurt five, this is exactly what you can call the third son of the Rothschild Mayr Angel over it, he repeatedly stood out among his brothers, the founder of the English branch of the Rothschilds on a high level of ability to earn big money in 1811, he opened a bank n.m. Rothschild, which still exists today under the name of M & Rothschild Inc Sans, by the way, its head is currently naturally members of the Rothschild family, David de Rothschild, and so it is worth noting three very talented actions in which Nathan cut down a big jackpot for the family thanks to him in 1814 the British government attracted his bank to finance the military campaign against Napoleon, large sums of gold, and in a year it was over 11 million pounds, were transferred from England to Marshal Wellington and the allies through the banks of the brothers, the historical fact is also interesting when Nathan Rothschild earned 40 million pounds sterling thanks to information received earlier than others, which allowed him family to hold a win-win game of the stock exchange speech about the battle of waterloo nathan, having learned about the victory over napoleon a day before anyone else in london, came with a sad face to the stock exchange and began to sell government bonds when he saw this, the stockbrokers decided that the British and their allies, defeated, rushed to get rid of papers for a pittance, waiting for a collapse the agents are cunning, otherwise we were bought by cheaper government bonds, this is how Nathan earned 40 million pounds for the family very talentedly and you can hardly argue with this with the grandiose financial accomplishment of the third son of Rothschild Mayer Angel was issued and he received a loan to the British government as much as 20 million pounds sterling to compensate the slave owner in the dominions, in connection with the prohibition of slavery, the Russian tsar was overthrown, of course, the Rothschilds with world-class ambitions could not but touch our country immediately after the revolution in Russia, which was financed by the Khazar bankers, the Rothschilds' chase bank seized power over centralized capital and over the Russian state in 1938 during interrogation one man made a shocking statement regarding the revolution and the plans of the Rothschilds he confirmed that the Rothschilds planned to use communism to establish a world dictatorship of the super-rich that it was the Rothschild Zionist community that overthrew our Russian Tsar in 1917 interrogated he was the peasants of Rakovsky and to be exact chaim ray cover is former bloody dictator of Soviet Ukraine personal friend of Trotsky one of the founders of the communist international we showed you only a drop in the ocean of the whole variety of the ocean of deeds committed and committed by representatives of the Rothschild family Mayra settled down but this is enough to understand the ambitions of this clan and the level of influence in our days the founder of the Rothschilds died in 1812 a year before his death, he drew up a partnership agreement and a will in which he outlined the principles for the further management of the family business I would like to show you these amusing Rothschild instructions to his children, which are certainly not without meaning all important positions in business should be occupied only by family members only male descendants can participate in business only the direct male heirs should inherit, the eldest son becomes the head of the family if the brothers did not unanimously recognize and but the men of the family must marry their cousins and liters and sisters so that the accumulated property remains within the family and serves the common cause; daughters must marry aristocrats while maintaining their faith in any case, the family’s property does not describe the size of the fortune do not disclose even in court or in a will disputes between brothers resolve within the family while maintaining unity at home big money likes silence it is worth noting that the last instruction of the Rothschilds follows to this day because family members are not distinguished by fabulous wealth at least at least officially, but the influence of the family is legendary, the most convinced conspiracy theories claim that this clan controls almost the entire world, judging by everything that today the state of the Rothschilds exceeds the GDP of Great Britain, which is about three and a half trillion dollars, all instructions work, as Heinrich Heine accurately said money the god of our time and the rothschild is their prophet but now from our cycle you know a little more about the nominees for the behind the scenes award against humanity, namely the rockefeller bar ear and the rothschilds think it's all no we are preparing another character for you don't miss the federal reserve
Origin
The Rothschild dynasty traces its history back to Mayer Amshel Rothschild. Mayer Amschel was born in 1744 in the Jewish quarter in Frankfurt am Main (Germany) in the family of money changer and jeweler Amschel Moses Bauer, a trading partner of the Hessian house. Mayer Amschel built a large banking business and built his empire by sending his five sons to European capitals.
Another important component of Mayer Rothschild's strategy, which became the key to future success, was the preservation of complete control over the business in the hands of family members. In 1906, the Jewish Encyclopedia noted: “The practice initiated by Rothschild of establishing several branches of the firm, managed by brothers, in various financial centers was adopted by other Jewish financiers, such as Bischoffsheims, Pereires (Pereires (English) ), Seligmans (Seligmans (English)) , Lazards (Lazard (English) ) and others, and these financiers, thanks to their reliability and financial experience, have gained the trust not only of their Jewish brethren, but of the entire financial community as a whole. Thus in the middle and last quarter XIX century Jewish financiers began to own a predominant share in international finance. This practice, similar to royal marriages, whereby members of one royal family marry members of another royal family, was later practiced by other business dynasties, such as the Du Pont family.
Mayer Rothschild carefully arranged marriages of convenience, including marriages between first cousins and second cousins, so that the accumulated wealth remained within the family and served the common cause. It was only at the end of the 19th century that almost all Rothschilds began to marry outside the family. For more than two hundred years, the Rothschilds have intermarried with many financial families in Europe (mostly Jewish). Among them: Warburgs, Goldsmiths, Coens, Raphaels, Sassoons, Salomons and others.
Sons of Mayer Rothschild:
- Amschel Mayer Rothschild (1773-1855): Frankfurt am Main, eldest son, born 12 June 1773, 16 November 1793 married Eva Hanau. The coincidence of the names of father and son - Mayer Amschel and Amschel Mayer - was the cause of frequent confusion and created difficulties in studying documents. Amschel died on 6 December 1855 childless.
- Solomon Mayer Rothschild (1774-1855): Vienna, second son, born September 9, 1774. On November 26, 1800, he married Caroline Stern, died on July 27, 1855.
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836): London, third son, born September 16, 1777. He was married to Ganna Cohen. Nathan was considered the most talented of the Frankfurt Five, but he died before his brothers, on July 28, 1836.
- Kalman Mayer Rothschild (1788-1855): Naples, fourth son, born April 24, 1788. On September 16, 1818 he married Adelheid Hertz. Died March 10, 1855.
- Jacob (James Mayer Rothschild) (1792-1868): Paris, youngest son, born 15 May 1792, 11 July 1824 he married his niece, Betty Rothschild. Died November 15, 1868.
International large financial transactions
The elevation to the nobility occurred at the request of the Minister of Finance, Count Stadion. First, the title was given to Amschel, then Solomon. By this time, the brothers were at the head of the Frankfurt bill bank in Schönbrun. This happened on September 25, 1816, and on October 21, the brothers Jacob and Karl received the title. On March 25, 1817, a diploma of a nobleman was made for everyone. At the request of an adviser to the government of Lower Austria and court agent Sonleitner, a confidant of the four brothers, the diploma was awarded to each separately, since the brothers lived in four different countries. Nathan, who lives in England, was not mentioned in these documents.
Notable for assessing the activities of the Rothschilds was the fact that they, as Jews, were recorded in the diploma as money changers, while the financiers of the Christian faith were called bankers. Usually, court financiers soon after receiving the nobility sought the title of baron, so the Rothschilds also petitioned for this title. On September 29, 1822, their request was granted. Now, some members of the dynasty used the family prefix "de" or "von" (in the German version) Rothschild as an indication of aristocratic origin. Now Nathan was also included in the documents, who immediately became a baron. This time the five brothers were directly named as bankers. They were Austrian barons, "considering the merits rendered to the state", "with a respectful word, Your Honor." Once again, each of the five brothers received their own baronial diploma. Their coat of arms was adorned with the motto: Concordia, Integritas, Industria. (Consent. Honesty. Diligence.).
This motto fully expressed the unity of the brothers, their honesty and tireless zeal. But receiving the title of baron hardly meant for the five brothers an increase in their authority. There was no way Nathan could use this title in England. This was contrary to the English constitution, which did not allow the granting of titles of nobility to foreigners. But still, the elevation to the nobility changed the lifestyle of the Rothschilds. They acquired luxurious palaces, began to give magnificent dinners, which were attended by representatives of the aristocratic circles of many countries.
In 1885, Nathan Mayer Rothschild II (Eng.) ) (1840-1915), eldest son of Lionel de Rothschild (Eng.) ) (in turn, son of Nathan Rothschild), also known how Nathaniel, a member of the London branch of the dynasty, a hereditary baron, first became a lord. He was the first Jew to enter the House of Lords. It is generally accepted that from that moment on, the descendants of Nathan completely merged with the English elite.
The Rothschild family banking business was the founder of large international financial transactions during the industrialization of Europe, contributed to the construction of the network railways in France, Belgium and Austria, contributed to the financing of projects of great political significance, such as the Suez Canal (only the Rothschild banking house was able to provide many tens of millions in cash within a few hours to purchase shares in the Suez Canal).
The dynasty bought a huge piece of property in Mayfair, London. The main activities in which the Rothschilds invested include: Alliance Assurance (1824) (now Royal & SunAlliance (English)); Chemin de Fer du Nord (English) (1845); Rio Tinto Group (1873); Société Le Nickel (1880) (now Eramet); and Imétal (1962) (now Imerys (English)). The Rothschilds financed the founding of De Beers, as well as Cecil Rhodes' expedition to Africa and the establishment of a colony in Rhodesia. From the late 1880s onwards, the family controlled the Rio Tinto mining operation. The Japanese government approached the London and Paris offices for funding during the Russo-Japanese War. The London consortium issued Japanese war bonds worth £11.5 million (at 1907 prices).
After an impressive huge success, the Rothschild name became synonymous with wealth. The family became famous for its art collections, family palaces, and philanthropy. By the end of the century, the family owned, or built, at the very least, more than 41 palaces, comparable or even superior in luxury to the richest royal families. In 1909, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George claimed that Lord Nathan Mayer Rothschild II was the most powerful man in Britain. In 1901, due to the absence of a male heir, the Frankfurt House closed its doors after more than a century of operation. Only in 1989 did the Rothschilds return to Frankfurt, when N M Rothschild & Sons(British Investment Branch) and Bank Rothschild AG (Swiss Branch) opened a representative office there.
Rothschild dynasty in France
There are two French branches of the Rothschild dynasty. The first branch was founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild's youngest son, James Mayer Rothschild, who established de Rothschild Frères in Paris. adherent Napoleonic Wars, he played a major role in financing the construction of the railways and mining enterprises that helped to establish France as an industrial power. James' sons, Gustave de Rothschild and Alphonse James de Rothschild, continued the banking tradition and became guarantors of the $5 billion reparations demanded by the occupying Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War in the 1870s.
Subsequent generations of this branch of the Rothschild dynasty became a major force in international investment banking. Another son of James Mayer Rothschild, Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) was a great fan of charity and the arts, a prominent supporter of Zionism. His grandson, Baron Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild, founded the LCF Rothschild Group, a private bank, in 1953. Since 1997 it has been headed by Baron Benjamin de Rothschild. The group has assets of €100 billion and many wineries in France (Château Clarke (English) , Château des Laurets (English) ), Australia and South Africa.
The second French branch of the dynasty was founded by Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870). Born in London, he was the fourth son of the founder of the British branch of the dynasty, Nathan Mayer Rothschild. In 1850, Nathaniel moved to Paris, apparently to work with his uncle, James Mayer. However, in 1853 Nathaniel purchased Château Brane Mouton, a Pauillac vineyard in the Gironde department. Nathaniel renamed the estate Château Mouton Rothschild and the name became one of the most famous brands in the world. In 1868, Nathaniel's uncle, James Mayer Rothschild, purchased the nearby Chateau Lafite vineyard.
Solomon Mayer Rothschild founded his bank in Vienna in 1820. Austrian banker Albert von Salomon Rothschild bought the right to name the asteroid (250) Bettina, discovered on September 3, 1885 by the Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory in honor of his wife, Baroness Bettina von Rothschild, for £50. However, the crisis of 1929 brought problems. Baron Ludwig von Rothschild Louis von Rothschild tried to save Creditanstalt, Austria's largest bank. But at the beginning of the Second World War, the Rothschilds were forced to emigrate to the United States, avoiding the Holocaust. All the palaces of the Rothschilds, distinguished by their exceptional size, huge collections of paintings, armor, tapestries and statues, were confiscated and looted by the Nazis. After the end of World War II, the Rothschilds returned to Europe. In 1999, the Austrian government agreed to return to the Rothschilds a number of palaces and 250 art objects confiscated by the Nazis and donated to a state museum.
Rothschild dynasty in Naples
Bank C M de Rothschild & Figli lent money to the Papal Provinces, various kings of Naples, the Dukes of Parma and the Grand Dukes of Tuscany. The Rothschild family worked not far from. However, in 1830, Naples, following Spain, gradually moved away from issuing traditional bonds, which began to affect the growth of banks and profitability. The political unification of Italy (Risorgimento) in 1861, followed by the decline of the Italian aristocracy, who were the main clients of the Rothschilds, eventually led to the closure of the Bank of Naples, due to falling profits, lack of growth and their forecast for the account sustainable development in the long term.
Jewish identity and attitude towards Zionism
Only a few Rothschilds supported Zionism and the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. Most of the Rothschilds were skeptical about this idea and even believed that the establishment of a Jewish state would lead to an increase in anti-Semitism in Europe. In 1917, Walter Rothschild received the Balfour Declaration to the Zionist Federation, which stated the British government's commitment to establishing a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. Later, Lord Victor Rothschild was against giving asylum or even helping Jewish refugees during the Holocaust.
After the death of James Jacob Rothschild in 1868, Alphonse, his eldest son, who took over the family bank, was most active in supporting the issue of the Land of Israel. The Rothschild family records say that during the 1870s the family donated about 500,000 francs annually on behalf of the Eastern Jews to the World Jewish Union. Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, the youngest son of James Jacob de Rothschild, was the head of the first settlement in Palestine at Rishon LeZion and bought from the Ottoman landowner the parts of the land that currently constitute Israel. In 1924, he established the Palestine Jewish Colonization Society (PICA) in Palestine, which acquired over 125,000 acres (22.36 km²) of land, and founded ventures. There is a street in Tel Aviv named after him, Rothschild Boulevard, as well as many other areas in Israel where he helped with construction, such as Metula, Zichron Yaakov, Rishon Lezion, and Rosh Pinna. Boulogne-Billancourt Park in Paris, Edmond Rothschild Park (Parc Edmond de Rothschild) is also named after him. The Rothschilds also played a significant role in establishing the infrastructure of the Israeli government. James funded the construction of the Knesset as a gift to the Jewish State, and the Israeli Supreme Court building was donated to Israel by Dorothy de Rothschild. Outside the Presidential Room, a letter from Mr. Rothschild to the then Prime Minister Shimon Peres is displayed, in which he expressed his desire to sponsor the construction of a new building of the Supreme Court.
Baron Benjamin da Rothschild, representative of the Swiss branch of the dynasty, was interviewed by Ga-Aretz in 2010, in which he said that he supported the peace process: "I understand that this is a difficult matter, mainly because of fanatics and extremists - and I have mean both sides. I think there are fanatics in Israel... Usually I don't talk to politicians. One day I spoke with Netanyahu and another time I met with the Israeli finance minister. But the less I interact with politicians, the better I feel.” Regarding his religious affiliation, he stated that he tries to be impartial: “We do business with many countries, including Arab ... My eldest daughter's lover is from Saudi Arabia. He's a good guy and if she wants to marry him, I won't mind."
Modern business
Since the end of the 19th century, the Rothschild dynasty has maintained a low profile, sacrificing many of their famous estates, as well as a large number of art to charity, while remaining anonymous about the size of their wealth and avoiding ostentatious luxury. The Rothschild dynasty once had the largest private collection of art in the world, and much of the art in the world's public museums donated by the Rothschilds is, in family tradition, donated anonymously.
Since 2003, the Rothschild investment banks have been controlled by Rothschild Continuation Holdings, a Swiss registered holding company (chaired by Baron David René de Rothschild), which in turn is controlled by Concordia BV, a German registered parent holding company. Rothschild et Cie Banque controls the Rothschild banking business in France and continental Europe, while Rothschilds Continuation Holdings AG controls a number of Rothschild banks elsewhere, including N M Rothschild & Sons in London. 20% of Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG was sold in 2005 to Jardine Strategic, a subsidiary of Jardine, Matheson & Co. (English) in Hong Kong. In November 2008, Rabobank Group, the leading investment and commercial bank in the Netherlands, acquired 7.5% of Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG and Rabobank, and the Rothschilds came to an agreement to cooperate in the M&A advisory area and Equity Capital Markets in the food and agro sectors. industrial enterprises. It is believed that these actions are aimed at helping Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG access a wider pool of capital, increasing their presence in East Asian markets.
Paris Orleans S.A., an investment banking and holding company founded in 1838 and registered in France, has over 2,000 employees. The company has offices in France, Great Britain, Channel Islands, Switzerland, North America, Asia, Australia. The company's board of directors includes Eric and Robert de Rothschild and Count Philippe de Nicolay. London-based investment bank N M Rothschild &Sons makes a significant share of the business as M&A (mergers and acquisitions) advisors. 2006 it was ranked second in the UK M&A (mergers and acquisitions) with a total turnover of US$104.9 billion. .
One member of the Paris (non-wine) branch, Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild, founded the Geneva-based LCF Rothschild Group with assets of €100 billion, which has now spread to 15 countries around the world. Although this group is mainly involved in finance, specializes in asset management and banking services for the wealthy (private banking), it is also involved in agriculture, luxury hotels and yacht racing. The LCF Rothschild Group's Committee is currently chaired by Benjamin de Rothschild, son of Baron Edmond. Among others, the banks of the Rothschild dynasty include Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild (English) , RIT Capital Partners , St James's Place Capital, Banque privée Edmond de Rothschild (English) , La Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild S.A. and COGIFRANCE.
Throughout the 19th century, the Rothschilds controlled Rio Tinto, and to this day, the Rothschilds and Rio Tinto maintain a close business relationship. The Rothschild family also owns many vineyards: they have properties in France including Château Clarke, Château de Ferrières, Château des Fontaines, Château Lafite, Château de Laversine, Château des Laurets, Château Malmaison, Château de Montvillargenne, Château Mouton Rothschild, Château de la Muette, Château Rothschild d'Armainvilliers, Château Rothschild, Boulogne-Billancourt, also in North America, South America, South Africa and Australia.
Rothschilds in culture
In France, the word "Rothschild" during the 19th and 20th centuries became a household word. So they called the rich, prone to luxury, but not active in business.
He is also repeatedly mentioned in Fyodor Dostoevsky's book "Teenager", where main character Arkady cherishes the main "idea" of his whole life - to become richer than the named descendant of Rothschild.
The Rothschild story has been featured in a number of films. In 1934, the film "The House of Rothschild" ("The House of Rothschild") was filmed in Hollywood, telling about the life of Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Excerpts from this film were included in the documentary propaganda film Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) and another German film Die Rothschilds (Rothschilds), also known as Aktien auf Waterloo (Action at Waterloo) ), taken by Eric Vasniek in 1940. A Broadway musical entitled "The Rothschilds" shows the history of the family before 1818 to the Illuminati, controls all the world's wealth and financial institutions, or encourages wars between governments. Considering these and similar views, the historian Niall Ferguson wrote: "As we have seen, however, wars tend to affect the price of existing bonds negatively, because of the increased risk that the debtor state may not repay the debt in the event of the conquest or loss of territory. . By the middle of the 19th century, the Rothschilds had moved from trading to wealth management, carefully looking after their own vast portfolio of government bonds. Now, having made money, they are more likely to lose money than to earn in the event of a conflict ... "
February 26, 2017, 10:51 amHouse of Barons von Rothschild (v. Rothschild)
Coat of arms of Barons Rothschild (Prussia)
The Rothschild dynasty (also known as the House of Rothschild) is a European banker dynasty whose history dates back to late XVIII century.
The Austrian Emperor Franz II granted the five Rothschild brothers a title of nobility, and then, in 1817, a baronial title (both of which were later recognized by other European monarchs).
The ancestor of the dynasty, Angel Moses Bauer, owned a jewelry workshop. The emblem of the workshop depicted a golden Roman eagle on a red shield. Over time, the workshop began to be called the "Red Shield", and this name - Rothschield - was adopted as a surname by his son, Mayer Amschel, the founder of the dynasty.
Background on the coat of arms The Rothschilds depict five arrows, symbolizing the five sons of Mayer Rothschild, by analogy with the text 126 psalm : "As arrows are in the hand of a strong man, so are young sons." Below, the family motto in Latin is written on the coat of arms: Concordia, Integritas, Industry (Consent, Honesty, Diligence).
When the Rothschild dynasty did not yet belong to the barons, they submitted a sketch of their coat of arms to the Austrian Heraldic College.
Initially, the coat of arms included a crown with seven teeth and various signs of baronial dignity. There were storks on it as a symbol of piety, and hounds symbolizing fidelity, and lions, as well as an Austrian eagle. A hand holding five arrows, symbolizing brothers, sons of the founder of the family Mayer Amschel Rothschild. The Rothschilds believed that they could get a crown and other royal and ducal symbols for the coat of arms. But the board changed the coat of arms: the crown turned into a helmet, storks, hounds, lions were completely removed. A part of the Austrian eagle remained on the coat of arms. The hand holding the arrows was also changed - instead of five arrows, she squeezed four. On March 25, 1817, the modified coat of arms was approved. The Rothschilds were not satisfied with this decision and at the congress, they turned to Duke von Metternich with a request from the House of Rothschild to accept their version of the coat of arms. Six days later, an imperial decree raised all five brothers and their legitimate descendants of any gender to the barony. The number of arrows on the coat of arms returned to five, the Hessian lion with the Austrian eagle returned, but in the center, instead of a crown, a helmet remained.
Family Tree of the House of Barons von Rothschild
Family tree of the House of Barons von Rothschild
taking into account the descendants of the female lines:
The founder of the dynasty is Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812), a banker and his wife from 1770, Gertrud Schnapper (1753-1849).
Children:
- Jeanette Rothschild (1771-1859) - husband since 1795, Benedict Worms (1772-1824) founders of the "von Worms branch" (not named Rothschild)
- Amschel Meyer Rothschild (1773-1855), banker - wife since 1796, Eva Hanau (1779-1848) the only representative of the branch called "Frankfurt" (no descendants)
- Salomon Mayer Rothschild (1774-1855), founder of a bank branch called "Vienna"
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836), founder of a bank branch called "London"
- Kalman Mayer Rothschild (1788-1855), founder of a bank branch called "Naples"
- Henrietta Rothschild (1791-1866) - wife since 1815 of Abraham Montefiore (1788-1824), founders of the Montefiore branch (not bearing the name Rothschild)
- James de Rothschild (1792-1868), founder of a bank branch called "de Paris"
Descendants of Jeanette von Rothschild (1771-1859) and Benedict Worms (1772-1824), founders of the "von Worms branch" (not named Rothschild).
1. Solomon Benedict von Worms (1801-1882) - husband since 1827 Henrietta Samuel (1810-1845)
2/1. Ellen Henrietta von Worms (1836-1894) - husband since 1857 Adolf Landauer (1829-1885)
3/2. Henriette Landauer - husband since 1877, Maurice Weil (1845-1924)
4/2. Evelyn Landauer (1859-1930) - husband since 1878 Paul Freyer von Schej Koromla (1854-1922)
5/4. Philipp Freier von Schej Koromla (1881-1929) - spouse since 1906 L. J. von Goldschmidt - Rothschild (1883-1925)
6/5. Alix Freiin Shea von Koromla (1911-1982) - spouses: 1. (1929-1936) Kurt Kramer (1900-1936) and 2. (1937-1956) Guy de Rothschild (1909 - 2007)
7/6. Lily Kramer (1930-1996) - husband from 1951 to 1980 Maurice Reims (1910-2003)
8/7. Bettina Reims (b. 1952) - husband of Jean-Michel Darrois (b. 1947), business lawyer
9/7. Natalie Reims (b. 1959) - husband since 1989 Leo Scheer (b. 1947) Writer and producer.
Descendants of Salomon Mayer von Rothschild (1774-1855), banker and founder of the branch of the family called "Vienna" - wife Caroline Stern (1782-1854).
A1. Anselm Solomon von Rothschild (1803-1874) - wife since 1826 Charlotte von Rothschild (1807-1859) (from the branch of the family called "London")
1/A1. Julie von Rothschild (1830-1907) - husband from 1850 to Adolf Carl von Rothschild (1823-1900) (from a branch of the family called "Naples")
2/A1. Mathilde von Rothschild (1832-1924) - husband since 1849 Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild (1828-1901) (from a branch of the family called "Naples")
3/A1. Ferdinand James Anselma von Rothschild (1839-1898), British subject from 1885 to 1898 - wife from 1865 to Evelyn de Rothschild (1839-1866)
4/A1. Alice Charlotte von Rothschild (1847-1922), lived in England (single)
W. Betty Salomon de Rothschild (1805-1886) - husband since 1824 James de Rothschild (from a branch of the family called "Paris")
Descendants of Nathan Mayer von Rothschild (1777-1836), banker and founder of a branch of the family called "London" - spouse since 1806 Hannah Barent Cohen (1783-1850).
A. Charlotte von Rothschild (1807-1859) - wife since 1826 of Anselm Salomon von Rothschild (1803-1874) (from the Vienna branch of the family)
W. Lionel von Rothschild (1808-1879) - wife since 1836 Charlotte von Rothschild (1819-1884) (from the branch of the "Naples" family)
B1/B. Leonora von Rothschild (1837-1911) - spouse since 1857 Alphonse de Rothschild (1827-1905) (from a branch of the family
"Paris")
B2/B. Nathan Mayer von Rothschild (1840-1915), 1st Baron Rothschild and 2nd Baronet of the British Crown - spouse since 1867 Emma Louise von Rothschild (1844-1935) (from the "Naples" branch of the family)
B3/B2. Lionel Walter von Rothschild (1868-1937), 2nd Baron Rothschild and 3rd Baronet (no legitimate issue)
B4/B2. Nathaniel Charles von Rothschild (1877-1923) - wife since 1907 Rosika Edl von Wertheimstein (1870-1940)
B5/B4. Victor von Rothschild (1910-1990), 3rd Baron Rothschild and 4th Baronet. H flax of the Royal Society of London.Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire. Knight of the Order of Saint John. Knight of the Order of Malta. Biologist - spouses: 1. since 1933 Barbara Judith Hutchinson(1911-1989) and 2. since 1946 Teresa Georgina Mayer ( 1915—
1996)
B6/B5. Nathaniel Charles Jacob von Rothschild (1936-), banker, 4th Baron Rothschild banker and 5th baronet - spouse since 1961 Serena Mary Dunn, four children were born in the family: Hannah Mary (b. 1962), married Brookfield; Beth Mathilde (b. 1964), married Tomassini; Emily Magda (b. 1967), married Freeman-Atwood and Nathaniel Philip Victor James (Nat) (b. 1971)
B7/B6. Nathaniel Philip Victor James von Rothschild (1971) youngest of four children and only son Lord Jacob Rothschild and Serena Mary Dunn, granddaughter of Sir James Dunn, Canadian financier and magnate. How does the son of a baron have a title The Honorable.
B8/B5. Amschel Rothschild (1955-1996), banker
B9/B8. James Rothschild (b.1985)
B10/B. Leopold de Rothschild (1845-1917)
B11/B10. Lionel de Rothschild (1882-1942)
B12/B11. Edmund de Rothschild (1916-2009)
B13/B12. Nicholas de Rothschild (b.1951)
B14/B12. Lionel de Rothschild (b.1955)
B15/B10. Anthony Gustav de Rothschild (1887-1961) - wife of Yvonne Caen d "Anvers (1899-1977)
B16/B15. Evelyn de Rothschild (b.1931)
B17/B16. Anthony de Rothschild (b.1977)
B18/B16. David de Rothschild (b.1978)
S. Anthony de Rothschild (1810-1876), 1st Baronet of the British Crown from family - consort since 1840 Louise Montefiore (1821-1910)
D. Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870) - wife since 1842 Charlotte de Rothschild (1825-1899) (from the "Paris" branch of the family)
D1/D. Nathan James de Rothschild (1844-1881) - wife since 1871 Laura von Rothschild (1847-1931) (from the "Naples" branch of the family)
D2/D1. Henry James de Rothschild (1872-1946) - wife from 1895 Mathilde Weissweiller (1872-1926)
D3/D2. James de Rothschild (1896-1984) - wife since 1923 Claude Dupont (1904-1964)
D4/D3. Nicole de Rothschild (1923-2007), actress
D5/D3. Monique de Rothschild (b.1925)
D6/D2. Nadine de Rothschild (1898-1958) - husband since 1919 Andrian Thierry (1885-1961)
D7/D2. Philippe de Rothschild (1902-1988) - wife since 1935 of Elisabeth Pelletier Chambure (1902-1945)
D8/D7. Philippine de Rothschild (1933-2014) shareholder of the bank "Baron Philippe de Rothschild S.A.," including the owner of Chateau Mouton Rothschild
E. Louise von Rothschild (1820-1894) - husband since 1842 Mayer Carl von Rothschild (1820-1886) (from the branch of the "Naples" family)
Descendants of Kalman Mayer von Rothschild (1788-1855), banker and founder of a bank branch called "Naples" - wife since 1818 Adelheid Hertz (1800-1853)
A. Charlotte von Rothschild (1819-1884) - husband since 1836 Lionel de Rothschild (1808-1879) (from the London branch of the family)
W. Mayer Karl von Rothschild (1820-1886) - wife since 1842 Louise von Rothschild (1820-1894) (from the "London" branch of the family)
B1/B. Adelheid (Adele) von Rothschild (1843-1922) - husband since 1862 Solomon de Rothschild (1835-1864) (from the "Paris" branch of the family)
B2/B. Emma Louise von Rothschild (1844-1935) - husband since 1867 Sir Nathan Mayer von Rothschild (1840-1915) (from the "London" branch of the family)
B3/B. Henriette Clementine von Rothschild (1845-1865)
B4/B. Laura von Rothschild (1847-1931) - husband since 1871 Nathan von Rothschild (1844-1884) (from the "London" branch of the family
B5/B. Hanna von Rothschild (1850-1892)
B6/B. Margarethe von Rothschild (1855-1905) - spouse from 1878 to Agenor de Gramont (1851-1925)
B7/B. Clara Bertha von Rothschild (1862-1903) - husband since 1882 Alexander Berthier, 3e prince de Wagram (1836-1911)
S. Adolf Karl von Rothschild (1823-1900) - wife since 1850 Julie von Rothschild (1830-1907) (from the Vienna branch of the family)
D. Wilhelm Karl von Rothschild (1828-1901) - wife since 1849 Mathilde von Rothschild (1832-1924)
D1/D. Adelheid von Rothschild (1853-1935) - husband since 1877 Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) (from the "Paris" branch of the family)
D2/D. Minna Carolina von Rothschild (1857-1903) - spouse since 1878 Maximilian Benedict Goldschmidt (1843-1940) (Goldschmidt-Rothschild in 1878, Baron von Goldschmidt-Rothschild 1903)
D3/D2. Lili von Goldschmidt-Rothschild (1883-1925) - husband since 1906 Philipp von Schey Koromla (1881-1929) (from the "von Worms" branch of the family)
Offspring of James de Rothschild (1792-1868), banker and founder of a branch of the bank called "Paris" - spouse since 1824 Betty Salomon de Rothschild (1805-1886)
A. Charlotte de Rothschild (1825-1899) - husband since 1842 Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870) (from the "London" branch of the family)
W. Alphonse de Rothschild (1827-1905) - wife since 1857 of Leonora von Rothschild (1837-1911) (from the "London" branch of the family)
B1/B. Betty de Rothschild (1858-1892) - husband since 1876 Albert Salomon de Rothschild (1844-1911)
B2/B. René de Rothschild (1861-1861)
B3/B. Beatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild (1864-1934) - husband since 1883 Maurice Ephrussi (1849-1916)
B4/B. Edouard de Rothschild (1868-1949) - wife since 1905 Alice Germaine Alfana (1884-1975)
B5/B4. Alphonse de Rothschild (1906-1911)
B6/B4. Guy de Rothschild (1909-2007) banker - spouses: 1. Since 1937, Alix Shei von Koromla (1911-1982) (from a branch of the "von Worms" family (do not use the surname Rothschild); 2. Since 1957, Marie-Helene van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1927-1996)
B7/B6. David de Rothschild (b.1942) - wife since 1974 Olimpia Aldobrandini (b.1955)
B8/B7. Lavinia de Rothschild (b.1976)
B9/B7. Stephanie de Rothschild (b.1977)
B10/B7. Alexander de Rothschild (b.1980)
B11/B7. Louise de Rothschild (b.1989)
B12/B6. Edouard de Rothschild (b. 1957) - spouses: 1. Since 1981, Matilda Kosh-de-la-Ferte (b. 1952); 2. Since 1991 Ariel Marie Malard (b.1963)
B13/B12. Ferdinand (b.2003)
B14/B12. David (b.1998)
B14/B12. Eleanor (twin sister of David) (b.1998)
B15/B4. Jacqueline de Rothschild (1911-2012) - spouses: 1. Since 1930 Robert Calmann-Lévy (1899-1982); 2. Since 1937, Gregor Piatigorsky (1903-1976)
B16/B15 Jep (born 1937)
B17/B15. Yoram (b.1940)
B18/B4. Bathsheba Rothschild (1914–1999) – spouse from 1948 to Bloomingdale David (1913–1954)
C. Gustave de Rothschild (1829-1911) - wife from 1859 to Cecile Anspach (1840-1912)
C1/C. Zoe de Rothschild (1863-1916) - husband since 1882 Leo Lambert (1851-1919)
C2/C. Robert de Rothschild (1880-1946) - wife since 1907 Gabrielle (1886-1945)
C3/C2. Diana de Rothschild (1907-1996) - husband from 1932 to 1952 Anatole Muhlstein (1889-1957)
C4/C3. Helena Cecilia Muhlstein (1936-2007) - husband from 1962 to François Nourissier (1927-2011), president of the Académie Goncourt
C5/C2. Alain de Rothschild (1910-1982) - wife since 1938 Mary Natalia (1916-2014)
C6/C5. Beatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild (b.1939) - husband since 1981 Pierre Rosenberg, president of the Louvre, member of the French Academy
C7/C5. Eric de Rothschild (b.1940), director of the Château Lafitte Rothschild vineyard, chairman of the Rothschild Foundation
C8/C2. Elie de Rothschild (1917-2007)
C9/C8. Nathaniel de Rothschild (b.1946)
C10/C9. Raphael de Rothschild (1976-2000)
C11/C8. Eli de Rothschild Jr. (b.1965)
D. Salomon de Rothschild (1835-1864) - wife since 1862 Adelheid von Rothschild (1843-1922) (from the branch of the "Naples" family)
D1/D. Hélène de Rothschild (1863-1947) - spouse since 1887 Etienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1860-1934)
D2/D1. Egmont van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1890-1960) - spouse since 1927 Marguerite Namétalla (?-1996)
D3/D2. Marie-Hélène van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1927-1996) - husband since 1957 of Guy de Rothschild (1909-2007) (from the "Paris" branch of the family)
E. Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) - wife since 1877 Adelheid von Rothschild (1853-1935) (from the "Naples" branch of the family)
E1/E. James Armand de Rothschild (1878-1957), British subject (1919). Member of the British Parliament (1929-1945) - wife of Dorothy Matilda Pinto (1895-1988)
E2/E. Maurice Edmond Carl de Rothschild (1881-1957)
E3/E2. Edmond de Rothschild (1926–1997) banker - spouse since 1963 of Nadine Lhopitalier (b.1932)
E4/E3. Benjamin de Rothschild (b.1963), Chairman of the LCF Rothschild Group - spouse since 1999 Ariane Langner
E5/E. Miriam Carolina Alexandrine Rothschild (1884-1965) - spouse since 1910 Albert Maximilian Gouldschmidt (1879-1941)
The Rothschilds have raised a new financial tycoon. You will soon learn about it.
On May 17, the investment bank Rothschild & Co will be headed by the seventh generation of the famous Rothschild dynasty, 37-year-old Alexander de Rothschild. For two hundred years, the family has strictly observed the precepts of the patriarch and the founder of the family, who ordered the descendants to always act as a unit, entrust the management of the family business only to male relatives and keep secrecy in business. The famous banking house has been involved in transactions of historic proportions for centuries. The image of all-powerful behind-the-scenes puppeteers was formed under the impression of their activities. Conspiracy theorists believe that the famous family, whose branches are widely spread in Europe and the United States, controls the world's finances with the help of the Federal Reserve System. The origins and change of generations in the famous banking clan are in this material.
Bench under a red sign
The end of the eighteenth century is an era of gigantic change for Western Europe: revolution and overthrow of the monarchy in France, the birth industrial production, series large-scale wars, the gradual loss of political influence by aristocratic landowners and the emancipation of oppressed groups. It was at this time that the foundation of the financial power of the Rothschilds was laid. Mayer Amschel, the son of Amschel Moses, a modest money changer from the Jewish quarter in Frankfurt am Main, is considered the ancestor of the dynasty.
Mayer Rothschild, founder of the dynasty.
The father wanted the bright boy to become a rabbi, but Mayer showed a penchant for worldly affairs. For a time he practiced at the Oppenheimer banking house in Hannover. Then he worked in his father's changing shop under a red sign (in German it sounds like Rot Schild, later this phrase became a surname).
“Catching the trends”, Mayer Amschel started buying old coins and medals. The German nobility of that time was fond of collecting various antiquities, so the courteous and neat young man quickly made useful contacts with the powers that be, and the changing shop was transformed into a bank.
The career rise of the son of a money changer from the ghetto occurred after meeting the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Wilhelm. Traditionally, Jewish bankers handled various financial transactions for the German princes. For example, the court bankers of the Habsburgs in Vienna were representatives of the House of Oppenheimer, the King of Prussia, Frederick II the Great, used the services of the Berlin company Ephraim and Sons. Bypassing competitors with the help of patronage and gifts to patrons, Mayer Amschel became the main court financier of Wilhelm.
All in the house
The well-being of the family went uphill sharply, the growing children were actively involved in the family business. Like fairy-tale characters throwing arrows in search of happiness, Mayer's sons dispersed across major cities Europe: Solomon - to Vienna, Nathan - to Manchester (later he moved to London), Kalman - to Naples, Jacob - to Paris. The eldest son remained in Frankfurt am Main.
In memory of this, five arrows and the motto in Latin are depicted on the Rothschild coat of arms: Concordia, Integritas, Industria - Consent, Honesty, Diligence.
Coat of arms of the Rothschild family
Thus, an international financial network was founded, covering the most developed European countries. Formally competing, the brothers supported each other in every possible way and exchanged news using correspondence coded in Yiddish. Subsequently, the most viable branches of the family tree turned out to be English (from Nathan) and French (from Jacob) - they still flourish.
The court financier approached the marriages of children very seriously: the sons brought daughters-in-law with a solid dowry into the family, the spouses of the daughters were also members of the clan, but worked in lower positions. In any case, the sons-in-law did not shine at the helm of the family business. The wealth of the clan could only be controlled by a descendant of Mayer Amschel in the male line. The money acquired had to remain in the family, so Mayer's descendants married first cousins and second cousins.
However, so did the entire elite. For example, to late XIX century, the Austrian imperial family turned out to be so branched out that marriages between relatives belonging to different branches of the Habsburg family became more and more frequent, write Andrey Shary and Yaroslav Shimov in their book "Austria-Hungary: the fate of the empire." Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, who became heir to the throne in 1895, was indignant about this:
If someone from our family falls in love on the side, there will certainly be some nonsense in the pedigree that prevents such a marriage. So it turns out that we have a husband and wife, all twenty-fold relatives. As a result, half of the children are fools or complete idiots.
The Rothschilds entered into marriages exclusively with adherents of Judaism and won the glory of the "Jewish royal family." The rules established by Mayer Amschel remained unchanged for 200 years, only in the 1970s, David Rene, a representative of the French branch of the Rothschilds, married a Catholic, Italian aristocrat Olimpia Aldobrandini.
They raised their daughters in the Catholic faith, but their only son Alexander, the future heir to the family business, was in Judaism.
Also in 2010, the Rothschilds for the first time appointed a non-native Briton, Nigel Higgins, as the chief executive of investment bank NM Rothschild. True, Higgins was not a complete stranger - by this time he had worked for the family for a quarter of a century.
To whom war
The Rothschilds could have remained at the level of the small-town rich, if not for the war. In 1806, French Emperor Napoleon I invaded Germany. Landgrave Wilhelm fled the country, leaving his affairs in the care of his court banker. It was then that Mayer came in handy with his arrow, shot in the direction of Foggy Albion. Son Nathan instantly quit trading in textiles in Manchester and retrained as a stock exchange tycoon in London.
The French confiscated part of Wilhelm's gold, but Rothschild Sr., thanks to Nathan's securities transactions, managed to transfer the main capital of his boss to England. To celebrate, the landgrave signed off to the court bankers for a symbolic commission all the rights to manage his papers, and Nathan started buying and selling British government bonds. So the Rothschilds became the first European millionaires and financed the wars of Great Britain against Napoleon. One of their most notable operations is to smuggle gold for Wellington's army in Spain.
On September 19, 1812, the Russian army, exhausted by battles, under the command of Field Marshal Prince Golenishchev-Kutuzov, retreated to Podolsk. On the same day, the founder of the Rothschild house, Mayer Amschel, died in the house on the Jewish street of Frankfurt am Main at the age of seventieth, but his business lived and grew - the wealth and influence of the Rothschild brothers increased along with the amounts of loans they provided.
There is a legend that Nathan learned about the victory over Napoleon at Waterloo a day earlier than anyone in London, but he came to the stock exchange with a sad face and began to sell government bonds. Seeing this, the stockbrokers decided that the British and their allies were defeated, and rushed to get rid of the papers for next to nothing.
Having waited for the collapse, the agents of the cunning Nathan bought up cheaper government bonds. As a result, the London Rothschild earned £40 million from this operation.
However, some researchers deny this story's credibility - Nathan bought up securities against the backdrop of defeatist sentiment before the Battle of Waterloo, they say.
The peace established in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars also contributed to the growth of the family's well-being - the countries devastated by the war needed loans to restore. The grateful victorious monarchs bestowed the nobility on the banker brothers, and the Austrian emperor Franz II granted the Rothschilds a baronial title. Napoleon tried to conquer Europe with guns and cannons, but lost. old light submitted to the bills and loans of the banking family.
World behind the scenes
The nineteenth century was the golden age of the Rothschilds. Europe, and with it the whole world, was changing rapidly, the Rothschild banking network financed the construction of industrial enterprises, railways, the purchase of the Suez Canal by Great Britain, the development of oil fields in Russian Empire(on the territory of present-day Azerbaijan).
The Rothschilds partnered with De Beers in their search for diamonds and gold in South Africa. They are accused of helping to unleash military conflicts, for example, the devastating war of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay with Paraguay. Numerous descendants of Mayer Amschel were fond of luxury and art, the construction of palaces and charity. But by the end of the century, the glory of the family began to fade. Perhaps they themselves wanted this, because money, as you know, loves silence, and left and right publicists blamed bankers for all the troubles of mankind.
In the twentieth century, Rothschild structures began to specialize in large-scale mergers and acquisitions. Conspiracy theorists believe the Rothschilds ideological inspirers The first bank of the United States - the prototype of the Federal Reserve System (FRS). The dynasty is considered to be among the real masters of the system. Officially, the Fed belongs to 12 federal reserve banks, approved by the US Congress, but organized as private companies.
Fulfilling covenants
Alexander Rothschild, the only son of the current head of Rothschild & Co, 75-year-old David Rene, is a direct descendant of the founder of the French branch of the Rothschilds, Jacob. After graduation high school foreign trade (ESCE International Business School) in Paris, Alexander gained experience at the New York bank Bear Stearns, as well as at Argan Capital investment company in London.
He joined the family business in 2008, four years ago he became the second person of Rothschild & Co - vice chairman of the board of directors, that is, his father David. According to media reports, Alexander is fond of equestrian sports and riding.
After Alexander officially takes the helm of the company, David will look after him - he will take the position of chairman of the supervisory board. Rothschild commented on the change of generations to the Le Monde newspaper as follows:
Luck, a bit of knowledge and what has always been the main thing in the family: towards the end of a career, each Rothschild always put a family member in his place, usually choosing the best. If there was none, the worst was not chosen. The ability to do the job must be taken into account.
David René Rothschild managed the family business for over 40 years, under his leadership the Rothschilds united the British and French branches of the clan in 2007. Now more than 3.5 thousand financiers in 40 countries of the world work for the family, providing services in wealth management, consulting and commercial banking. Members of the Rothschild families own 48 percent of the Rothschild & Co. financial holding, another 10.3 percent of the shares are owned by families or partners close to the Rothschilds, and the rest of the shares are traded on the stock exchange. The capitalization of the company is 2.4 billion euros, revenue in 2017 - 1.9 billion euros, net profit - 247 million euros.
Father David Rothschild and son Alexander Rothschild. |
The Rothschild pedigree extends back 150 years.
In the Rothschild family, marriages are concluded only with representatives of the Catholic faith. Exceptions are made for women, but men are required to marry only Catholic women.
The Rothschild family tree is very confusing: all generations retained the names of their ancestors.
At every family celebration, chocolate soufflé was presented to all guests, this became a tradition over time, as the Rothschilds always had a weakness for sweets.
The history of the Rothschild family begins with the city of Frankfurt, although now it says almost nothing about this family. Once, in a small Jewish ghetto, here he married Gutele Schnapper, got a small shop, and then started five sons (out of 12 children, 10 survived). It was they who achieved incredible success, fortune and fame in the field of business. Now in Frankfurt there is a Rothschild park, several documents from the city archives, the rest of the evidence was taken away by the Second World War.
It was Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) who once said: "Let me manage the money of the country, and I don't care who makes the laws there."
Where Does The Last Name Rothschild Come From?
Part of the name "Rothschild" comes from the German "mouth" - "red". Mayer Rothschild's parents once lived in a house with a red roof. The peculiarity of their house served as a nickname for their family, since in those days Jews could not have surnames.
collecting coins
Mayer Amschel's ascent began with the study and collection of ancient coins. At first, this occupation seemed completely hopeless, and given the total poverty, it was also stupid. By the way, Mayer Amschel made one fateful choice, refusing a fairly “warm” place in the exchange office (Hannover) after studying in favor of a hopeless Jewish ghetto with the humiliation of its people and the inability to earn money. After 20 years of studying and practicing in the office, Mayer Rothschild returns to practically "nowhere" and as a result makes a fortune! Another proof that prospects are not always obvious.
Currency exchange
In the 18th century, Germany was like a patchwork country, where everyone spoke their own dialect and had their own currency. Mayer Rothschild could not stop selling old coins, because it was a rare and unstable income, although he managed to carry out some transactions even with monarchs. During the fairs, coins of various origins flocked from all over Germany - ducats, florins, etc. It occurred to Meyer to organize an exchange office for such fairs, and he made good money on the difference from the exchange.
Founding of a dynasty
The head of the Rothschild family dreamed of a strong dynasty and did not lose by teaching his sons the skill of banking. After a while, 5 sons achieved no less success than their father. They had energy, a thirst for profit, the ability to see the prospect of income, not being greedy here and now. In 1800, a father makes his children partners. From now on, until now, key positions in banks and firms have been occupied only by family members. This was an important and fundamental law of the dynasty.
The business was only passed down through the male line and no one could gain access to it. Even the daughters' husbands remained abroad and kept in the dark. It remains so to this day.
Betty Rothschild: daughter of one of the older brothers - Solomon. She became the wife of her own uncle, younger brother James. The head of the family always taught his children that the family is the most important thing. The bonds of brotherhood were so strong that gradually the Rothschilds introduced a new tradition into their family - to keep not only money, but also the name within the family, as the Habsburg royal family did. And the first to do so was James, the youngest son of Mayer Rothschild. On July 11, 1824, he married Betty, the daughter of his older brother Solomon, that is, his niece. History records 58 marriages that were entered into by the descendants of the elder Rothschild, and half of them were with cousins.
This policy was driven by 3 main factors:
- keep the name, preventing others from profiting from it;
- save capital, and not split it into small parts;
- a dowry for family members of such a level as that of the Rothschilds could only be provided by the Rothschilds themselves.
Eldest son Amschel Rothschild The eldest son, , remained to live in Frankfurt, in the house of his father, in the same poor ghetto. He never had children, but he gave great importance the fates of their nephews and nieces, keeping the dynasty intact through family ties in marriages. It was he who introduced the tradition of holding wedding ceremonies for all family members in Frankfurt, in that same ghetto.
Dowager Gutele, the wife of the founder of the Rothschild dynasty, remained in her house until the end of her life and died at the age of 96. It was to her that the newlyweds came to ask for blessings. It was Gutele who made the final decision about choosing a partner in a new marriage.
One day, Gutele's neighbor in the ghetto ran to her house, worried that her son might be taken to new war. She wanted to know if there would be a war. To which the Empress Dowager of Rothschild replied: "Nonsense, my boys won't let them."
