Moving bridges, stone bridges, new bridges, historic bridges, world legend bridges, bridges you've probably never heard of - they're all here. This list even includes a bridge that floats on water and a bridge that flows through water. These are the top 30 most impressive bridges around the world.
At the time of its opening in 1937, this bridge, which was under construction for four years, was the longest in the world (main span - 1280 meters) and the highest suspension bridge. Golden Gate held these records until the 1960s. Also known for its color - the bridge is partially painted "international orange" to match the warm coastal surroundings and stand out on the horizon for boaters.
The oldest bridge in Florence. Rebuilt after a flood in 1345, renovated in 1565. After that, the bridge over the Arno river was filled with workshops and houses, which sometimes exceeded the dimensions of the bridge itself. The Ponte Vecchio is the only historic bridge in Florence that survived World War II.
A water bridge over the Elbe, connecting two important canals: the Elbe-Havel and the Middle German, through which communication is carried out with the industrial region - the Ruhr Valley - the longest navigable aqueduct in the world with a length of 918 meters. The concrete water bridge near Berlin provided ships with a new convenient way. Prior to its opening in 2003, ships were forced to make a twelve-kilometer detour through the Rotenseev lock, along the Elbe and through the Nigripp lock.
Sydney's largest bridge, one of the largest steel arch bridges in the world. The length of the arch span of the bridge is 503 meters. One of the main attractions of Sydney. Due to its remarkable shape, the bridge received the comic name "Hanger" from the Sydney people. It was opened on March 19, 1932. Contains six million rivets. With a width of 48.8 meters, it is considered the widest arched steel bridge in the world, although de facto it is almost twice as wide as the Blue Bridge in St. Petersburg, which is 32.5 meters long above the Moika River with a width of 97.3 meters.
At the time of construction, the Millau Viaduct, opened in 2004, was the tallest transport bridge in the world, one of its pillars is 341 meters high - slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower and only 40 meters lower than New York's Empire State Building. The total length is 2460 meters.
One of the oldest suspension bridges in the US, at 1,825 meters long, it crosses the East River and connects Brooklyn and Manhattan in New York City. At the time of completion (1883) it was the largest suspension bridge in the world and the first bridge in the construction of which steel bars were used. The bridge is built of limestone, granite and Rosenthal cement.
Twice entered the Guinness Book of Records: as the longest suspension bridge (main span - 1991 meters, total length - 3911 meters) and as the highest bridge, since its pylons have a height of 298 meters, which is higher than a 90-story building. Subsequently, it was surpassed in the height of the pylons by the Millau Viaduct. If all steel threads (5.23 mm in diameter) of the supporting cables of the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge are stretched out in length, then they can encircle the globe more than seven times. The design of the steel bridge takes into account earthquakes, strong winds and harsh sea currents.
The most famous bridge in Venice and one of the symbols of the city. Initially it was wooden and collapsed repeatedly. At the end of the 16th century it was built new bridge made of stone, which has survived to this day. The bridge consists of one powerful arch 28 meters long, its maximum height in the center is 7.5 meters, the total length is 48 meters. Built at the narrowest point of the Grand Canal, the bridge rests on 12,000 piles driven into the bottom of the lagoon. On the bridge in the arched galleries there are 24 shops (6 shops on each side), separated in the center by two arches.
10. Bay Bridge (Oakland, California)
Suspension bridge across the San Francisco Bay between the cities of San Francisco and Oakland. It consists of two parts: the western suspension (2822 m) and the eastern cantilever (3101 m), which are interconnected by a tunnel under the island of Yerba Buena. The bridge is one of the longest bridges of this type in the world. Opened in 1936, it replaced a seismically unstable bridge.
11. Pontoon Bridge State Highway 520 (Seattle, Washington)
The longest pontoon bridge passing through Lake Washington is 2350 meters long. It is based on 77 concrete pontoons.
The longest vertical drawbridge in Europe - 670 meters - rises 77 meters above the Garonne River. The four pylons for the vertical lift of the span light up blue at high tide and green at low tide.
Reproducing the outlines of DNA, this bridge offers pedestrians 280 meters of architectural and acoustic intrigue. Construction material- steel of various types. It has five viewing platforms.
The Nanpu Bridge with a total length of 6.5 km and a width of seven piers, which extends over the Huangpu River, is remarkable for its swirling aboveground part.
15. Tower Bridge (London, UK)
A 213-meter footbridge located 70 meters above the canyon. Not for the faint of heart.
The cable-stayed bridge in Vladivostok across the East Bosphorus Strait connects the Nazimov Peninsula with Cape Novosilsky on Russky Island. The second highest bridge in the world, its height is 324 meters. It has the largest span in the world among cable-stayed bridges with a length of 1104 meters.
Ancient stone bridge across the Vltava river. Start of construction - 1357, opening - 1380th. The bridge is 520 meters long and 9.5 meters wide. The bridge rests on 16 powerful arches lined with hewn sandstone blocks. It is decorated with thirty sculptures of predominantly religious content.
19. Tilikum Crossing (Portland, USA)
Portland's first new 518-meter Willamette River bridge since 1973, the Tilikum Crossing, opened in September 2015. The structure is remarkable not only for its impressive design with 33.7-meter towers and five spans, but also for the fact that the bridge is not intended for cars, which is not typical for the United States. Trams, buses, cyclists and pedestrians can move across the bridge.
20. Hangzhou Bay Bridge (Zhejiang, China)
This is one of the longest transoceanic bridges in the world - its length is 33.6 km. Opened in 2008, it connects the cities of Shanghai and Ningbo. It has three lanes in each direction. Movement speed - up to 100 km/h, service life more than 100 years. After the completion of the bridge, the route between Shanghai and Ningbo has been reduced by more than 160 km. Halfway across the bridge, a platform island has been built with a service center where drivers and passengers can rest, eat and take advantage of a wide range of services.
Fully automatic "flying" drawbridge. It rises and falls from one pylon. Has a deck of 15x5 m.
22. Confederation Bridge (Borden-Carlton, Canada)
Connects Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick on the Canadian mainland. It was opened in 1997. With a length of 12.9 km including access roads, it is the world's longest bridge built over ice-covered water. It rests on 62 pillars. 44 flights - the main ones, each 250 meters long. The width of the bridge is 11 meters, the height of the bridge above sea level in the Northumberland Strait is 40 meters, in the central part intended for passage sea vessels, reaches 60 meters. The bridge is built with a small double bend in the shape of the letter S. This is done so that drivers do not lose vigilance on the road.
23. Millennium Bridge (Gateshead, UK)
The world's first tilting bridge, opened in 2001. The base of the bridge is two steel arches. One of them rises 50 m above the water surface. Pedestrians and cyclists move along the other, located almost horizontally, and ships of small height can pass under it. When a tall vessel approaches the bridge, unable to pass under the horizontal part, both arches as a whole turn 40 ° around the axis connecting their ends: the pedestrian and bicycle deck of the bridge rises, while the upper arch, on the contrary, falls. The turn lasts no more than 4.5 minutes, depending on the wind speed. When it is completed, the two arches are in an "equilibrium-raised" position, in which the upper points of the arches rise 25 meters above the water surface. This maneuver earned the bridge the nickname "The Winking Eye".
The fifth longest bridge in the world and one of the longest bridges across bodies of water. The length of the bridge is about 42.5 kilometers. Built in 2011, the bridge is divided into six lanes and is supported by over 5,200 pillars. The structure is strong enough to withstand a magnitude 8 earthquake, a typhoon or a collision with a ship of up to 300,000 tons.
25. Lupu Bridge (Shanghai, China)
The second longest steel arch bridge in the world. The total length of the bridge is 3.9 km. The length of the arch across the river is 550 meters. The height of the roadway above the water is 46 m. According to the project, the bridge is able to withstand a 12-point hurricane and a 7-point earthquake on the Richter scale.
This bridge, opened in 2008, is 290 meters long and 138 meters high. The only bridge in the world in the form of the letter "X". The cruciform support supports two transport beds, the lower of which is at a height of 12 meters, and the upper one is 24 meters above the ground. The design of the bridge is complemented by an illumination system, multi-colored LED lights are built directly into the cables.
27. Royal Gorge Bridge (Canyon City, USA)
Opened in 1929, this tallest bridge in the Western Hemisphere sits 291 meters above the Arkansas River. between the towers and has a total length of 384 meters (suspension bridge span - 268 meters). The steel base structure is covered with 1292 wooden boards. It is used by pedestrians-tourists; only passenger cars can drive on it from vehicles.
The cable-stayed bridge over the lake, located in the new administrative center of Malaysia over the lake, is interesting for its design, reminiscent of a sailboat. The inverted Y-shaped concrete/steel pylon rises 96 meters at a 75° angle to the 165-meter span and is supported by cables (21 pairs land side, 30 pairs span side) and two towers.
This bridge has won numerous awards since its opening in 1998 for its innovative design and aesthetic appearance. Designed by Christian Menn, the curved Sunniberg is 526 meters long and 12.3 meters wide and features a unique Y-shaped support structure.
Suspension bridge connecting two historical parts of Budapest - Buda and Pest. It became the first permanent bridge across the Danube. Created English engineer William Tierney Clark impresses with an abundance of cast iron and stone, and with a length of 375 meters was one of the longest at the time of opening in 1849. Despite the fact that in 1945 the bridge was almost completely destroyed by the Germans, its bridge towers were preserved, which made it possible to reconstruct it in 1949.
A modern bridge is not only light and fast way to cross to the other side of the river, bay or sea, but also a real masterpiece of engineering and construction art. Your attention - the most famous, beautiful and long bridges in the world.
If Arab sheikhs compete in the construction of super-skyscrapers, then for China such “toys” are bridges. In any case, seven of the ten longest bridges in the world were built in China.
But first - not about records, but about the most famous and beautiful bridges in the world.
Let's start the "tour", perhaps with a real legend.
1. Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, USA)
There is probably no such person on earth who has not seen this bridge at least once in some movie - the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, which was the largest suspension bridge in the world from 1937 to 1964. The length of the bridge is 1970 m. Its construction began on January 5, 1933 and went on for more than 4 years.
On May 27, 1937 at 6 am, the Golden Gate Bridge was opened, but only for pedestrians. For 12 hours, the grandiose building belonged only to them. And only the next day, at the signal of President Roosevelt, the first cars drove over the bridge.
The Golden Gate is certainly the most recognizable bridge in the world, but it also holds the sad record for the highest number of suicides. Almost every month someone throws themselves down from it towards their tragic choice.
2. Tower Bridge (London, UK)
No less famous "Tower Bridge" is one of the main symbols of London. It was opened in 1894.
Its unique feature is that the movable mechanisms of the bridge move a thousand-ton structure in just 1 minute to let ships through. In addition, thanks to special galleries, even in a divorced state, pedestrians can walk along the bridge.
To date, the "Tower Bridge" is only pedestrian and is also used as a museum.
3. Vasco da Gama Bridge (Lisbon, Portugal)
This is the longest bridge in Europe. It is usually compared with the Chinese "Hangzhou", but "Vasco da Gama" looks more organic and elegant, although it is inferior in length.
Its length is 7.2 km. It was opened on March 29, 1998, just 18 months after the start of construction, before the Expo 98 exhibition. The same year marked the 500th anniversary of Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route from Europe to India. Therefore, the bridge was named after the great traveler.
Despite the short construction period and the speed of work, all conceivable and unthinkable nuances were taken into account during its construction. Thanks to this scrupulousness and thoroughness, today the Vasco da Gama bridge can withstand winds up to 250 km / h and earthquakes 4 and a half times stronger than the famous 8.7 Lisbon earthquake of 1755.
4. Bosphorus Bridge (Istanbul, Türkiye)
This bridge is famous for connecting Europe and Asia. It has become one of the symbols of modern Istanbul. The image of the bridge adorned the 1000 Turkish lira banknote. It is also a symbol of the unification of the two continents.
For example, in 2007, the famous tennis match between American Venus Williams and Turkish tennis leader Ipek Shinolu took place right on it. Since it was the first match between athletes from the two continents, the Bosphorus Bridge was chosen as the meeting place. After the end of the match, the tennis ball was thrown from the bridge into the Bosphorus.
It is currently the 13th tallest in the world. The bridge passes about 200,000 units from continent to continent every day different kind traffic, and foot traffic on this bridge is prohibited due to its frequent use as a place to commit suicide.
5. Banpo Fountain Bridge (Seoul, South Korea)
The Banpo Fountain Bridge in Seoul has become one of a kind and even got into the Guinness Book of Records as the longest fountain on the bridge.
The total length of the fountain with the romantic name "Moon Rainbow" is 1140 m. Thanks to the play of light rays, the fountain seems to "dance" and shimmer.
You can admire this miracle not only from the shore, but also from the first tier of the bridge, from where an equally wonderful view opens up and you get the feeling that you are inside a rainbow waterfall.
6. Brooklyn Bridge (New York, USA)
Another recognizable and legendary bridge, a New York landmark is the Brooklyn Bridge. This is the first bridge in the world to be hung on steel cables.
Its length is 1825 meters. It carries out both automobile and pedestrian traffic - along it is divided into 3 parts. The side lanes are for cars, and the middle lane, at a fairly significant elevation, is for pedestrians and cyclists.
In 1964, the Brooklyn Bridge was listed as a National Historic Landmark in the United States. Today, this one symbol of New York remains one of the popular places for recreation and cycling for residents of the city.
7. Millennium Bridge (UK)
The amazing "Millennium Bridge", or "Gateshead Millennium" - a bridge over the River Tyne connecting the cities of Gateshead and Newcastle upon Tyne (Northern England); the world's first tilting bridge.
Thanks to its hydraulics, the bridge tilts in order for ships to pass under it. Its construction took more than two years, but after installation, its dimensions corresponded to the plan with a fantastic accuracy of up to 2 mm.
It is the only swing bridge in the world. That is, when passing ships, it turns 40 degrees. This movement of the bridge from the side resembles the blinking of a large eye.
The turning process is extremely impressive, and takes only no more than 4 minutes. During the year, the bridge so "blinks" about 200 times.
8. Oliveira Bridge (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
The Oliveira Bridge is the only bridge in the world with an X-shaped support. It has become one of the main symbols of Sao Paulo due to the special shape of the masts, a height of 138 meters, 144 strong steel cables and chic LED lighting.
Its full name is Octavio Frias de Oliveira. Two curved masts braced in concrete in an X-shape make up its support mast. It was inaugurated on May 10, 2008, and the bridge was named after the publisher of the newspaper Fola de São Paulo, who died in 2007 at the age of 94. Octavio Frias de Oliveira was one of the most influential people in Brazil.
At the end of December 2008, special light diodes were installed on the cables and masts of the bridge, creating various lighting effects reminiscent of the New Year tree.
9. Bridge "Ponte Vecchio" (Florence, Italy)
"Ponte Vecchio" is one of the oldest and most famous bridges in Italy, which is a symbol of Florence. This is the only bridge that has retained its original appearance for dozens of centuries. It is located in the same place where three previous bridges were built: first - the bridge of the era ancient rome, then the bridge that collapsed in 1117, and finally the bridge that was demolished during the flood of 1333. And since then, the Ponte Vecchio has never been destroyed. Even the German troops, who retreated from Florence in 1944 and blew up many buildings in the city and all the bridges, spared the Ponte Vecchio. It is said that they too were captivated by the beauty of this unique bridge.
There are only 2 such three-arched stone bridges in the world. "Vecchio" consists of 3 arches, the interval of the main one is 30 m, two on the sides are 27 m each.
The Florentine bridge is also interesting in that there are houses on its sides, in which trading shops have been located since the Middle Ages. But in 1593, by decree of Cosimo de' Medici, Duke of Tuscany, meat sellers were expelled from the bridge, and jewelers came in their place. Since then, the Ponte Vecchio has had another name - the Golden Bridge. Directly above the bridge, a corridor was built in 1565, which has survived to this day.
10. Khaju Bridge (Isfahan, Iran)
This bridge is a unique example of Iranian architecture and is located in Isfahan. Travelers enjoyed it as early as the 17th century, and today it is one of the most famous bridges in the East and one of the most beautiful bridges on earth.
"Khaja" was built in Isfahan for a reason. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Isfahan was on the famous Silk Road and was then one of the largest cities in the world.
In addition to the aesthetic, the Khaju Bridge has many other useful features, for example, a water pipeline dam that conducts water to all the gardens of Isfahan. In addition, during the intense summer heat, Khaju allows you to hide from the sun in its shady corners. The lower level of the bridge is for pedestrians, while the upper level is accessible for horses and carts.
And now - finally, champions.
11. Harbor Bridge (Sydney, Australia)
This is the largest bridge in Sydney, one of the largest steel arch bridges in the world. It is one of the main attractions of Sydney. Due to its remarkable shape, the bridge received the comic name "Hanger" from the Sydney people. The bridge was opened on March 19, 1932. The model for the bridge was New York's Hell Gate Bridge.
The bridge provides road, bicycle, pedestrian and rail traffic. "Harbor Bridge" connects the business, central part of the city with the North Shore and crosses Port Jackson Bay.
The arched span of the bridge is 503 meters long. This is just a little less than the 518-meter span of the longest steel arch bridge, Fayetteville, across the gorge along which the New River flows, near Fayetteville (West Virginia, USA). Since at present, if it is necessary to build a bridge with a long span, a suspension or cable-stayed bridge scheme is chosen (they are much lighter and cheaper than a rigid arch bridge), the Harbor Bridge will remain on the list of the largest arch bridges in the world for a long time.
The steel arch "Hangers" weighs 39,000 tons. It rises to 139 meters above sea level and at the same time has a clearance (clearance) of 49 meters above the water surface of the bay, which ensures the passage of any marine vessels under the bridge. Interestingly, the height of the arch can increase by about 18 cm on hot days due to the fact that the metal expands when heated.
The total length of the entire bridge is 1,149 meters. The width of the bridge is 49 meters. The total weight of the bridge is 52,800 tons. The steel structural elements of the bridge are connected by rivets, the total number of which exceeds six million.
Since October 1, 1998, regular excursions have been carried out on the bridge for people over 10 years old - climbing the side arch of the bridge to its top, from where a breathtaking panorama of the city opens. To climb, you only need rubber-soled shoes and a special suit with insurance, which is issued on the spot,
12. Ran Yang Bridge - the longest bridge across the river
The Ran Yang Bridge was built in China in 2007, has a length of 35.66 kilometers and is thrown across the widest point of the Yangtze River.
Its construction cost the country a total of $700 million. The supporting towers of this bridge reach a height of 210 meters.
13. Hangzhou Bay Bridge (China) - the longest transoceanic bridge in the world
The Great Transoceanic Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in the Hangzhou Bay off the east coast of China. Connects the cities of Shanghai and Ningbo (Zhejiang Province).
It opened to traffic on May 1, 2008, although it was assumed that the bridge would not be completed until Expo-2010. Construction of the bridge began on June 8, 2003 and continued until 2007, after which closed testing of the bridge was carried out for several months.
The length of the bridge is about 36 km, traffic is carried out in three lanes in each direction. This is the third longest bridge across water spaces. Estimated speed on the bridge is 100 km/h, service life is more than 100 years.
14. Dam bridge across Lake Pontchartrain (USA)
The sixth longest bridge (in total) in the world and the second longest bridge over water is located in Louisiana, USA. The bridge consists of two parallel roads, the longest of which is 38.42 km (23.87 miles).
The bridge connects the towns of Metairie and Mandeville, located on opposite shores of Lake Pontchartrain. The bridge is supported by over 9,000 concrete piles. Elevating spans have been installed at the bridges 13 km (8 miles) south of the north coast.
Due to the frequent fogs surrounding the bridge from time to time, barges repeatedly crashed into it.
15. Bridge over Qiazhou Bay (China) - the longest bridge over the water surface.
Just a few years ago, the longest bridge in the world, located above the water surface, was put into operation in China - the Qiazhou Bay Bridge. The length of this structure is 42.5 kilometers.
We must immediately make a reservation why clarification is necessary - the longest bridge over the water surface, and not just the longest in the world. The fact is that for some reason it is customary to consider the longest bridges in the world to be an automobile viaduct in Thailand and a railway viaduct in China. About them - a little later. These are elevated bridge-type structures for cars and for rail transport. Of course, this is quite debatable. After all, if the structure stands above a flat land, then this is, as it were, not quite a bridge. If we proceed from the fact that the bridge is what helps to overcome any water obstacle: a river, a gorge, or, as in the case of the Qiazhou bridge, a sea bay, then it is the bridge across the Qiazhou Bay that should be given the status of "the longest in the world". But, since it is so accepted, we will consider it "the longest over the sea surface."
The bridge has a T-shape, and the road interchange in the center of the bay allows you to make an unobstructed turn in any direction.
The construction of the Qiazhou Bay Bridge was started in 2007 and lasted 4 years. During this time, 5200 columns were installed on the seabed.
16. Bang Na Highway (Thailand)
This bridge, located in Thailand, is not actually a bridge, it's just a long elevated highway.
The Bang Na highway is an elevated bridge-type structure in the city of Bangkok. The total length is 54 kilometers. Its width, with three lanes in each direction, is 27.2 meters.
The total cost of the project, the construction of which lasted five years from 1995 to 2000, amounted to more than 1 billion US dollars. This structure was built to combat traffic jams at the entrance to the city and the passage on this bridge is paid with the existing free ground alternative.
17. Tianjin viaduct (China) - the second longest bridge in the world
It was erected as part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway. Construction began in 2008 and upon completion, in 2010, its length was 113,700 meters. The opening of the bridge took place in June 2011.
The viaduct starts a little southeast of the Beijing South Railway Station, then crosses two districts (Antsy and Guangyang) of the Langfang City District and ends in the north of the central part of the city of Tianjin.
18. Danyang-Kunshan viaduct (China) - the longest bridge in the world
It is he who is included in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest bridge in the world. It was built as part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. Construction began in 2008 and its length was 164,800 meters, the opening of the bridge took place on June 30, 2011.
It is located in East China in the province of Jiangsu, between the cities of Shanghai and Nanjing. Approximately 9 km of the bridge is laid over the water surface, the largest body of water that crosses the Danyang-Kunshan viaduct is Yangcheng Lake.
19. Akashi Bridge (Japan) - the longest suspension bridge
It is famous for its world's largest central span suspension bridge - its length is 1991 meters.
The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge is located in Japan and connects the cities of Kobe and Awaji on the islands of Honshu and Awaji, respectively. At the time of the commissioning of this bridge (April 5, 1998), it set three world records: the longest suspension bridge, the most expensive bridge and the highest bridge. The first two records still belong to Akashi-Kaikyo, but the title of the highest bridge has passed to the Millo (or Millo) viaduct in France.
So, to the numbers. The height of the pylons (the foundations on which the entire structure of the bridge rests) is 298 meters, which is approximately the height of a 90-story building. The distance between the pylons is 1991 meters.
The length of the suspension bridge is considered to be exactly the distance between the pylons, that is, the central span (in fact, this distance should have been 1990 meters, but during the construction of the bridge there was a very strong earthquake, due to which a fault occurred between the two bases earth's crust, thereby spreading these bases by another 1 meter). If we add to this length the distance from the pylons to the coast, we get a total length of 3911 meters! The length of all the cables of this structure is such that if you tie them all in one line, it will be possible to encircle the globe 7 times!
20. Bridge to Russky Island (Vladivostok, Russia) - the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world
Two years ago, the opening of the bridge to Russky Island took place. The bridge to which the right to be called the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world has passed. And, of course, we are especially proud of the fact that it was built not somewhere in China or the USA, but in Russia, in Vladivostok.
We remind you that the length of cable-stayed and suspension bridges is calculated according to the central span, and not according to the total length of the bridge. That is why the bridge to Russky Island has every right to be called the longest. The distance between its pylons is 1104 meters. The previous record, 1088 meters, belonged to the Chinese Sutong Bridge. But in terms of total length, the bridge to Russky Island is inferior to many cable-stayed bridges, its figure here is 3100 meters. For example, the same "Sutun" has a total length of more than 8 kilometers. But this is no longer so important, the record is “ours”!
The technical opening of the structure took place on July 2, 2012. On July 28, a bike ride was arranged along the bridge. And on August 1, 2012, the opening of traffic for all transport took place.
And, in conclusion, another photo of the cable-stayed bridge in Vladivostok, also opened in August 2012. For some reason, it is very often confused with the bridge to Russky Island, although it is very easy to distinguish them - by the shape of the pylons, in this one they are in the form of divorced "horns". And this building is called - a bridge across the Golden Horn Bay.
Photo: wikipedia.org, flickriver.com, famouswonders.com, mypostalcards.files.wordpress.com, whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com, forensicgenealogy.info, filfranck.com, jackiejouret.com, archicentral.com, cntraveler.com, architecture. about.co, badfon.ruforums.vwvortex.com, architypereview.com, wonderfull-tourism.blogspot.com, people.cs.nctu.edu.tw, studyblue.com, inkedinblack.wordpress.com.
"Construction Rules", No. 57, December 2017
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The new bridge connected Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau. The structure is 55 km long, the construction of the bridge took eight years, and its cost is estimated at 110 billion yuan (14.16 billion euros). The construction, which lasted eight years, created three artificial islands and an underwater tunnel (also the longest in the world).
Here's what it all looks like.
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In 2018, the longest bridge in the world across the sea was put into operation, which connects Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai. The length of the structure is 55 km, of which 38 km falls directly on various sections of the bridges. In addition to them, there is an underwater tunnel almost 7 km long and artificial islands. The length of the main bridge is almost 30 km, for traffic there are three lanes in each direction.
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Construction has been underway since 2009, while taking into account environmental requirements so as not to harm the marine fauna of the region. The tunnel and sections with cable-stayed bridges were built in order to ensure the passage of large-capacity sea vessels.
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The main work was completed in July 2017, and it was expected that traffic on the bridge would be launched before the end of the year. However, the coordination of border control mechanisms is still ongoing - Hong Kong and Macau, although they are part of the PRC, are special administrative units.
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According to the creators, it will be able to withstand a magnitude 8 earthquake and last at least 120 years.
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It took 420,000 tons of steel to build the bridge, enough to build 60 Eiffel Towers.
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The construction will be the fourth longest bridge in the world. The first three records also belong to China. On the first line of the rating is the Danyang-Kunshan viaduct. It was built in 2011 in East China, it was 164.8 km long, but only 9 km of the bridge pass over the water. The second place is at the Tianjin Viaduct (113.7 km). It was opened in the same year. Both bridges are part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. The bridge over the Wei (79.7 km), which is part of another railway line in China, closes the top three. The bridge crosses the Wei River twice, as well as other rivers, roads and railways.
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This list includes the ten longest bridges in the world built across bodies of water. I hope it will be informative for you. Enjoy reading.
WEST Gate - 2582.6 meters
WEST Gate Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in Melbourne, Australia. It crosses the Yarra River and serves as an important link between the inner city, industrial suburbs, and the City of Geelong. This is one of the busiest road corridors in Australia. The height of the bridge above the water is 58 meters, the length is about 2.5 kilometers.
Third Mainland - 11.8 km
Third Mainland is the longest of three bridges connecting the port city of Lagos in Nigeria with the mainland. This is the longest bridge in Africa. It was built and opened for traffic in 1990. Its length is about 11.8 km.
Rio Niteroi - 13.29 km
Rio Niteroi is also known as the Costa y Silva Presidential Bridge. Located on Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It connects the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro and Niteroi. The length of the bridge is 13,290 meters.
Penang Bridge - 13.5 km
The Penang Bridge connects the city of Gelugor on the island of Penang with the mainland of the state of Penang - Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. Construction began in 1982, and on September 14, 1985, the opening of the bridge took place. Its length is 13.5 km.
Vasco da Gama - 17.2 km
Vasco da Gama is a cable-stayed bridge built in 1998 over the Tagus River northeast of Lisbon (Portugal). Considered the longest bridge in Europe, its length is 17.2 km.
Incheon - 21.38 km
Incheon is a bridge located in South Korea. It was built in October 2009. It extends for a distance of about 21.3 km. Serves as a link between Songdo and Incheon International Airport.
King Fahd Bridge - 25 km
This bridge is named after the King of Saudi Arabia, Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. It has four lanes for traffic, with a length of 25 kilometers. Was completed in 1986. Its construction took 15 years and approximately $1.2 billion. In terms of trade and commerce, the building has great importance- connects Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.
Manchac Swamp - 36.69 km
Manchac Swamp is a bridge located in Louisiana, USA. Its length is about 36.6 km. MANCHAC SWAMP was completed in 1970. Considered the busiest bridge in the United States.
Dam Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain - 38.42 km
This bridge is located over Lake Pontchartrain. Connects the towns of Metairie and Mandeville. The length of the bridge is about 38.4 km.
It is considered to be one of the oldest bridges in the world because the idea of its construction originated in the 19th century, but construction began in 1948 and was completed in 1956. Interestingly, the bridge is supported by over 9,000 concrete piles.
Qingdao Bridge - 42.5 km
The Qingdao Bridge is located over the northern part of Jiaozhou Bay. Connects the city of Qingdao with the suburban industrial area of Huangdao. Its length is approximately 42.5 kilometers. The bridge took 4 years to build and was completed in 2011.
The Qingdao Bridge will also soon cease to be the longest bridge built across bodies of water, as work began in December 2009 on the nearly 50-kilometer Macau-Zhuhai-Hong Kong Bridge across the Pearl River Estuary in southern China.
Since ancient times, man has tried to embrace the immensity - to cross oceans, mountains, deserts. In this selection, you will find the most unusual man-made structures, award-winning designs, outstanding architecture and rich history. So we're going to take a look at 25 of the most unique bridges in the world.
Helix Bridge in Singapore
This bridge is unique in that it resembles the structure of DNA. Opened in 2010, the Helix Bridge is made primarily of steel and is lit up at night with strips of LED lighting to highlight its unique design.Kappelbrücke Bridge
Located in the city of Lucerne, this bridge was built in 1333 and crosses the Reuss river diagonally. It is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe. The inside of the bridge is decorated with 17th century paintings depicting events in local history. Most of the bridge was destroyed by fire about 20 years ago. Approximately two-thirds of the bridge and 85 of the 110 paintings were lost. The bridge itself was rebuilt a year later.
Shenyang Bridge
Called the “Bridge of Wind and Rain” and hidden among rice fields and mountains, Shenyang is located in China's Guangxi province. Built in 1916 by the Dong people, an ethnic minority in China, the bridge is adorned with five distinct pagoda structures. The traditional Chinese architecture makes the building fantastic, but the most amazing thing lies in the fact that during the construction not a single nail was used, but only architectural tricks.
rolling bridge
This unique bridge is located in the Paddington area of London. What makes it so special is that every Friday the octagonal structure transforms. During the day, the bridge is assembled back into its original shape. The bridge uses hydraulics to make these transformations and was completed in 2004. The project was designed by Thomas Heatherwick, who also designed some of the London Olympic projects.
sky bridge langkawi
The Langkawi Sky Bridge can be reached via a cable car. It is a curved footbridge over 100 meters long, about 700 meters above sea level. Once you have completed the cable car journey, the bridge provides an ideal opportunity to view the beautiful sights of the Malaysian mountains and rainforests.
Gateshead Millennium Bridge
This building was opened by the Queen of England in 2002 and is located in the city of Newcastle, crossing the River Tyne. The Millennium Bridge is unique in that it is one of the few bridges in the world that tilts. When it is tilted to one side, it turns into a normal footbridge where you can walk and enjoy the views of the river. When the bridge is tilted the other way, it allows boats and ships to pass under it. Gateshead Millennium has received many architectural awards for its design and the name "Viking Eye" because it looks like an eye that blinks every time the structure tilts.
old bridge bosnia
The Old Bridge was built in 1566 and successfully withstood the test of time until it was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian War. More than $13 million was spent rebuilding the bridge and surrounding buildings until it was finally restored and opened to the public in 2004.
Akashi Bridge in Japan
One of the greatest examples of Japanese engineering, the Akashi Bridge holds the record as the world's longest suspension bridge, with a total length of 3,911 meters. It would take 4 Brooklyn bridges to cover that distance. It took 12 years to build this structure. Strangely, the bridge was not built with the intention of being the world's longest suspension bridge, but in 1995 additional sections had to be added after an earthquake, which gave Akashi his record. The total length of the bridge cables is 300,000 km. That's enough to circle the Earth 7.5 times!
Rialto Bridge in Italy
Built in the 15th century, it crosses the Grand Canal of Venice. The Rialto was first built in 1181 and was the only way to get to the other side of the Grand Canal. Only in 1551 the authorities decided to modernize the bridge. The best architects, including Michelangelo and Palladio, offered their designs, but the task was eventually given to Antonio da Ponte. Some architects were skeptical of his plans and predicted the failure of the bridge, but he defied his critics and the bridge has been perfectly preserved to this day. The classical Venetian architecture of the bridge was supplemented with elements of the nineteenth century a few centuries later. The Rialto was for a long time the only bridge crossing the Grand Canal and the only link between the two sides of Venice, until more modern bridges were built.
Slauerhofbrug bridge
No, this is not an optical illusion! This extremely bizarre bridge is located in Leeuwarden. Due to the huge number of rivers and canals in the Netherlands, the high intensity of shipping and the same volume Vehicle, the country needed a bridge that could quickly rise and fall, benefiting both the road and river navigation. This is how the Slauerhofbrug Bridge was born. Built in 2000 from iron and steel, the bridge is raised and lowered 10 times a day using hydraulics.
Octavio de Oliveira Bridge
Opened in 2008, the bridge in the city of Sao Paulo was built in 5 years. 450 workers were involved in the construction of the Octavio de Oliveira bridge. The project is unusual due to the X-shaped structures in the middle and the two levels of traffic crossing each other during the passage through the abutment. The Oliveira Bridge is also adorned with LEDs that flicker in special holidays. For example, at Christmas the bridge can be lit up to look like a Christmas tree.
Falkirk wheel
It is more than just a bridge thanks to its futuristic design. The Falkirk Wheel is the world's first and only boat lift! The structure can actually rotate 180 degrees. The boat floats along the channel to the lower tier, after which the structure turns around, lifting the boat to the top of the channel. This is a unique way of connecting channels, making it an exceptional feat of modern engineering.
Henderson waves
The bridge was designed to look like waves. The Henderson Waves connect 2 parks in Singapore and offer perfect views of the surrounding beauty. At night, the structure is lit up to add more beauty to its already artistic design. Henderson waves are made of steel and wood. Steel is needed for structural purposes, while timber enhances the beauty of the parks. The bridge is equipped with benches and viewing platforms, places for rest and sightseeing corners.
Sidu Bridge
Opened in 2009, the Sidu Bridge is located 495 meters above the ground. This is taller than the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel Tower, the Pyramids of Giza and Big Ben. Sidu quietly rises above a river gorge in the Chinese province of Hubei, surrounded by mountains and forests. Construction was a problem due to the remote location. It was not possible to use cranes, boats or helicopters. The engineers came up with an interesting idea to use rockets. More than 1000 meters of cable were tied to the rockets that were sent on the other side of the gorge. This is a unique location, and a unique way of building.
millau bridge
Millau Bridge is in the Book of Records, being the most high bridge in the world. The height of the technical masterpiece is 342 meters. The New York Times described it as a "triumph of engineering" and the BBC called it "one of the engineering marvels of the 21st century." French President Jacques Chirac opened the bridge in 2004 at a cost of approximately 394 million euros. The bridge itself crosses the Tarn valley at Millot and offers drivers some of the most stunning views in all of France, sometimes even above the clouds.
Danyang Kunshan Bridge
This bridge is the longest bridge in the world - it is 102 miles long. The railway bridge is part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. Construction began in 2006 and the project cost an incredible $8.5 billion. More than 450,000 tons of steel were used for the structure, and 10,000 workers were constantly involved in the process. The Danyang-Kunshan Bridge entered its name in history for a long time.
Bridge of Moses
This bridge was named after Moses because it literally splits the water in two. An innovative solution was realized at the fortress of the 17th century. Initially, the bridge was supposed to be built across the moat around the fortress, but the architects had a desire not to violate the image of the fortress. They decided to camouflage the bridge and run it over the waterline to make it nearly invisible. This artistic design creates the illusion that you are walking across water, with the bridge blending in with the landscape. It is made entirely of wood and is waterproof.
Khaju Bridge
The Khaju Bridge was built by the Persian king, Shah Abbas II, during the 17th century. It has 23 arches, the bridge also functions as a dam, controlling the waters of the Zayandeh River. Remains of stone chairs built for Shah Abbas II still remain here. Here he sat admiring the performances. The central pavilion was built exclusively for his pleasure, originally as a tea house.
The Brooklyn Bridge
Built in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge has become a National Historic Landmark and a symbol of New York City. It is located behind tall skyscrapers New York. The bridge connects Manhattan to Brooklyn and crosses the East River. John A. Roebling designed the Brooklyn Bridge but died shortly before construction began. His son, Washington Roebling, continued his work, but he himself was stricken with illness and settled in an apartment overlooking the construction site. Emily Roebling, his wife, passed on his instructions to the workers and was actually the chief engineer until the bridge was completed. At the time, this was a real technical feat. In 1884, a group of circus animals, including a herd of 21 elephants, were allowed to cross the bridge to prove that the bridge was stable.
Sydney Harbor Bridge
In 1815, Francis Greenway proposed that a bridge be built from the north to the south shore of the harbour. In 1890, a number of designs were presented, but they all turned out to be unsuitable. As a result, the construction of the Harbor Bridge did not begin until 1924. It took 1,400 workers, 8 years, and $6.6 million to complete the project. Six million rivets and 53,000 tons of steel were used in the construction. Today it is one of the most recognizable bridges in the world, one of the symbols of Sydney.
Pont Alexandre III
Elegance - best word to describe this bridge located in Paris. Its construction began in 1896 and ended in 1900. The structure was built in the Art Nouveau style and decorated with statues of nymphs, cherubs, winged horses, angels, ships and antique lamps along its sides, resulting in one of the most decorated bridges in the world. Despite being located in France, the bridge was named after Alexander III, Emperor of Russia, to honor the Franco-Russian alliance. Alexander's son, Nicholas II, laid the first stone at the start of construction.
Banpo Bridge
This really amazing bridge is located in Seoul and crosses the Han River. The bridge itself was actually created in 1982, but then restored in 2007. In 2009, the project included a fountain that shoots 190 tons of water per minute from each side of the 380 spout bridge. At night, the color of Banpo resembles a rainbow thanks to 10,000 LEDs, creating various colorful effects. The water jets are dynamic and can move with the music. The Banpo Fountain Bridge is harmless to environment. The water is pumped directly from the river itself and continuously purified.
Golden Gate Bridge
Probably one of the most famous bridges in the world, the Golden Gate has become a symbol not only of San Francisco, but of the entire United States. Designed by engineer Joseph Strauss, this bridge was built to connect San Francisco to Marin County and cross the strait. It took thousands of workers, 4 years, and $35 million to complete the project. When the bridge was completed in 1937, it broke 2 records to become the longest and tallest suspension bridge in the world. The structure received international recognition, had a magnificent view of Pacific Ocean, defied the critics, praised the art deco design and its red color. The bridge's records would soon be broken in the future, but it still holds its popularity and cult status to this day.
Tower Bridge
In the 19th century, London Bridge was the only way to cross the River Thames. As London grew, the East Side became a busy port and it became obvious that a new bridge was needed. Planning began in 1884 when a design was selected from 50 designs. It took 8 years, 432 workers, and over 11,000 tons of steel to build what we now know as the Tower Bridge. The Prince of Wales opened the bridge in 1894. The bridge has become one of the most recognizable in the world due to its iconic design. It has 2 towers at the ends of each bank. The middle section of the bridge can be lifted up and down using hydraulics to allow ships to pass by. The bridge is not only a symbol of London, but of the whole of Great Britain.
Ponte Vecchio
Ponte Vecchio is a medieval bridge located in Florence and crossing the Arno River. It is so ancient that it belongs to the period of Roman times. Destroyed by a flood in 1333, the Ponte Vecchio was rebuilt in 1345 by Taddeo Gaddi. In 1565 Giorgio Vasar was commissioned to modernize the bridge and an upper corridor was added. This bridge is known for having living quarters inside it. Initially, however, these were workshops where artisans produced their goods. In 1593 they were replaced by goldsmiths because they produced too much rubbish and caused a foul stench. The Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge in Florence to survive World War II unscathed.
