Many inquisitive people, wanting to find out who created the first globe, get into Wikipedia, leaf through encyclopedias, study reference literature and come to the conclusion that this geographical instrument was originally made in Ancient Greece by the ancient philosopher Crates of Mull. If you ask the same question to a specialist in, he will “without hesitation” answer with confidence that for the first time navigation system"Globus" was used in the Soviet Union in 1961 when landing descent vehicles spaceships"East". Therefore, before finding out who created the first globe, it is necessary to decide what subject is being discussed - heavenly or earthly, about the surviving layout or semi-legendary rumors about it.
Oral traditions about who created the first globe
According to the officially recognized version, the first model of the Earth of a spherical shape was created by Crates of Mallus (Pergamon), who became famous in antiquity for his comments on Homer, writing the "Correction of the Iliad and the Odyssey". At that time, there were disputes about the shape of our planet, and despite the fact that then heretics were not persecuted, the first globe in the form of a painted ball was met with skepticism by contemporaries.
In Muslim literature, this invention is attributed to Jamal ad-Din, an astronomer from Bukhara, who, on the orders of the grandson of Genghis Khan, Khan Khulagu, made in Beijing in 1267 an armillary sphere, an astrolabe and a model of a globe as a gift to another Genghisid, Khan Kublai.
Unfortunately, only sparse descriptions of these objects have survived to this day, without their image and indications of what was applied to the surface of the ball.
Surviving first globes
The oldest globe that has survived to this day is in the German National Museum (Nuremberg). It was created in 1493 - 1494 and was called the "Earth Apple" ("Erdapfel"). It was later renamed the Behaim Globe after its creator, the German merchant Martin Behaim. When applying the cartographic situation on the surface of the copper ball, Ptolemy's maps edited by Paolo Toscanelli were used. There is no image of the American continent on the globe, since its independence was proved by Amerigo Vespucci only 20 years after the creation of this instrument.
No less interesting is the question of who was the first globe depicting the celestial sphere. The authorship is attributed to the Indian metallurgist Muhammad Salih Tatawi, who cast it in India on the orders of one of the rulers of the Mughal dynasty.
Author An@stasia Lifestyle D/s...® asked a question in Science, Technology, Languages
Where and when did the first globe appear? and got the best answer
Answer from Xenia[guru]
In the works of ancient writers, it is mentioned that a certain Crates of Malos, an ancient Greek philosopher, a follower of Aristotle and the keeper of the Pergamon Library, back in the 2nd century BC. e. made a model of the Earth in the form of a sphere.
Neither this model itself, nor any of its images have survived to this day, however, those who saw this globe said that "Crates painted a single land on the ball, dividing it into parts by intersecting rivers, which were called oceans ...".
Therefore, the very first, at least the oldest of all surviving globes, is considered to be a spherical model of the Earth with a diameter of 54 cm, created by the German geographer, traveler and mathematician Martin Beheim in 1492, now in the museum of the city of Nuremberg.
On the "Earth Apple", this is how Beheim called his brainchild (globes, from the Latin globus - "ball", copies of the Earth began to be called later), geographical representations of the Earth's surface on the eve of the discovery of the New World, based on data taken from world maps the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy, who lived in the II century.
Soon after the appearance of the globes, which give the most accurate cartographic representations and are in great demand among scientists and sailors, began to appear in the palaces of monarchs, cabinets of ministers and simply fashion houses in Europe, becoming a symbol of enlightenment.
Especially popular were the Dutch globes made by the Amsterdam craftsmen Blau. They also created that model of the Earth, which was presented to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672 - the first in Rus'. The most famous of all foreign models of the globe is the Gottorp globe with a diameter of 311 cm, made by the German scientist Adam Olschlegel in 1664, and presented to Peter I in 1713.
Inside it contained a planetarium. Modern globes, on which, compared to the first ones, images of new lands discovered since then have appeared, have moved from the field of functional use mainly to the field of visual aids for schoolchildren.
Source: http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/quiz/?item_id=342
Answer from Carlson from the roof[guru]
The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus. Anatolia is now Turkey. City of Cilicia.
Answer from baron[guru]
The first globe was life size, so it was not convenient to use it 🙂
Answer from BioPsychosis[guru]
The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus.
Unlike flat maps, there are no distortions and breaks on the globe, so the globe is convenient for obtaining general idea about the location of continents and oceans. At the same time, a globe (usually sized) has a rather small scale and cannot show any area in detail.
The celestial globe shows the arrangement of the stars in a mirror image compared to how they are seen in the sky, since we look at the globe from the outside, and we see the celestial sphere "from the inside".
Mankind has been trying to imagine what the Earth looks like for many millennia. For clarity, people created a variety of layouts, which can be safely attributed to the globe. So when did he show up?
Many believe that people until the Middle Ages believed that they were walking on a flat planet. However, this is misleading. Back in ancient times, progressive minds boldly put forward the theory that the Earth is a ball. So, for example, thought the great scientist Pythagoras. Therefore, we can conclude that the globe appeared several thousand years ago. More precisely, two thousand years ago. The invention of the globe is attributed to a certain resident of the city of Pergamon (the territory of modern Turkey) named Crates. This is mentioned by a number of ancient historians. Unfortunately, this model The earth has not survived to this day.
To date, the oldest globe is the same age as the great discovery of Columbus. It was created by Behaim, a geographer from Nuremberg, Germany in 1492
year. It is truly symbolic that this globe and the discovery of America belong to the same year. Although, it is worth noting that both Americas are absent on this model. Behaim's globe is medium in size. Its diameter is just over half a meter.
Gradually, globes began to spread throughout Europe and gained some popularity. The British even invented pocket globes, the size of a billiard ball. characteristic feature English pocket globes was that they were both a model of the globe and the dome of the starry sky, the image of which was applied to their inside.
Over time, more complex design features began to appear in the globe model. Since the sixteenth century, they began to mount a clock mechanism in the "womb of the earth", which set the globe in motion. This helped determine the time at a particular geographic point. To some models, the Moon was added, which moved around the globe. So in their way it was not only a clock, but also a calendar.
Globes decorated the offices not only of scientists and travelers of that time, but also of monarchs and aristocrats. Such models usually had a large size and expensive inlay from precious stones and metals.
Peter the Great also had a globe. He received it as a gift from the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein in 1713
year, during his German tour. The globe was huge, more than three meters in diameter, and was similar in design to English pocket ones. In other words, the starry sky was depicted on its inside. Authorship is attributed to Adam Olearius. The globe was in the Kunstkamera for a long time, but, unfortunately, burned down in a fire. A new globe was ordered to the then famous inventor A.K. Nartov. He developed the project, and the globe was made by Scott B. with his apprentice Tityurin. Work on the grandiose layout lasted for seven years. The globe was striking in its size. Inside was a bench for observing the heavenly bodies, which could accommodate up to twelve people. The geographic data on the globe was periodically updated.
But, nevertheless, it was a copy of the German globe. And the first purely Russian was created by a clerk from Pskov - Maksimov Karp. It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The globe was relatively small.
The great Russian scientist Mikhailo Lomonosov dreamed of a wide distribution of globes throughout Russia, which, in his opinion, would increase the level of education of the population.
Gradually, globes began to appear depicting not only the Earth, but also the Moon and the starry sky. Now it is impossible to imagine a school or higher educational institution without a globe, which has firmly entered the life of all mankind.
Tue, 11/03/2015 - 22:53
We all have seen a globe at least once in our lives and we know perfectly well that it is a spherical reduced model of the Earth, on which all continents, seas, oceans, countries and even Largest cities. Parallels and meridians are also indicated on it, allowing you to determine the degree location of objects.
Everyone can easily find any globe to choose from, although it used to be an extremely rare and expensive luxury item.
The creation of the first globe was noted around 150 BC. e. Greek philosopher Crates of Mallus. But neither the model nor its image has survived to this day.
Earth apple - Martin Behaim's globe
The second time a reduced copy of our planet was invented in 1492 by the German scientist Martin Beheim. The globe was called the "Earth Apple" and was created by stretching the skin of a calf on a metal frame with a diameter of about half a meter. It lacked data on half the world, since America had not yet been discovered by that time. The globe did not have indications of longitude and latitude, but it contained an incomplete description of known countries. Meridian marks could also be found on the copy of the planet. Now this globe is in the Nuremberg Museum.
Some time after their appearance, globes became a symbol of enlightenment. It was an honor to give them to monarchs, ministers and great figures.
Globes made in Holland by Amsterdam craftsmen were very popular at that time. One of them was brought by ambassadors as a gift to Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov in 1672.
Nowadays, there are many models of globes. Some have come down to us through the centuries, others were created relatively recently and have modern functions.
However, there are the most famous and interesting globes.
Jagiellonian globe
One of them is the Jagiellonian globe, which is included in number three the oldest models of the earth. The approximate date of its creation is considered to be 1510. It contains the outlines of the coast of America. Now the globe is in Krakow, in the museum at the Jagiellonian University.
Some time later, in 1664, the German scientist Adam Olschlegel created the most famous of all models of the globe - the Great Gottorp Globe. Its diameter was 3 meters 11 centimeters, and its weight was more than 3.5 tons. Inside the globe was a whole planetarium, containing a table and a bench that could accommodate 12 people. The unique structure made it possible for the outer globe, on which the map of the Earth was located, to rotate simultaneously with the inner planetarium.
Big Gottorp Globe in the Kunstkamera exposition
In 1747, part of the globe burned down in a fire. He was restored to late XVIII century and is now one of the exhibits in the Kunstkamera.
Nowadays, with modern technologies was created interactive globe having a spherical shape. It works when you touch the screen with your finger. This globe perfectly serves for automatic planning of sea routes.
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