Natalya Goncharova Completed by students of grade 9 B Safatova Xenia, Vershinina Ekaterina, Ivanova Alina.
Date of birth: September 8, 1812 Place of birth: Karian estate, Tambov district, Tambov province, Russian empire Date of death: December 8, 1863 (51 years old) Spouse: 1. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1831-1837) 2. Pyotr Petrovich Lanskoy (1844-1863) Children: Maria, Alexander, Grigory, Natalia Alexandra, Sophia, Elizabeth
Pushkin met Natalya Goncharova in Moscow in December 1828 at the dance master Yogel's ball. In April 1829, he asked for her hand through Fyodor Tolstoy the American. The answer of Goncharova's mother was vague: Natalya Ivanovna believed that the 16-year-old daughter at that time was too young for marriage, but there was no final refusal
In the spring of 1830, the poet, who had left for St. Petersburg, received news from the Goncharovs through a mutual friend, which gave him hope. He returned to Moscow and proposed a second time. April 6, 1830 consent to the marriage was received.
In Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin found his ideal of beauty and kindness. It embodied for him the heavenly and the earthly, the eternal and the transient. One of the most famous lines is dedicated to her….
No, I don't treasure rebellious pleasure. With sensual delight, madness, frenzy, Moaning, screams of a young Bacchante, When, winding in my arms like a snake, With a burst of passionate caresses and an ulcer of kisses, She hurries the moment of the last shudders! Oh, how sweeter you are, my humble! Oh, how painfully happy I am with you, When, bowing down to long prayers, You surrender to me tenderly without intoxication, Shamefully cold, You hardly answer my delight, you don’t heed anything And then you revive more and more, more and more - And finally share my flame involuntarily!
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During the war of 1812, along with the general flow of refugees, N.K. Zagryazhskaya left Moscow and lived in Tambov for some time. Her husband had a house and an estate here in the village of Kariane, better known in Pushkin's time as Karian-Zagryazhskoe. The Zagryazhsky house in Tambov has become the center of a crowd of aristocrats, languishing from boredom, sitting on their suitcases, who have lost their Moscow palaces and are waiting for a speedy end to the war. During the war of 1812, along with the general flow of refugees, N.K. Zagryazhskaya left Moscow and lived in Tambov for some time. Her husband had a house and an estate here in the village of Kariane, better known in Pushkin's time as Karian-Zagryazhskoe. The Zagryazhsky house in Tambov has become the center of a crowd of aristocrats, languishing from boredom, sitting on their suitcases, who have lost their Moscow palaces and are waiting for a speedy end to the war. In this house on August 27, 1812, on the second day after the Battle of Borodino, Natalya Goncharova, Pushkin's future wife, was born. Many years later, Pushkin often began to visit Zagryazhskaya, he liked to listen to her memoirs. Nine such stories, recorded from the words of an old woman, were included in his collection "Table Talk". P. A. Vyazemsky testified: "Pushkin listened to the stories of Natalya Kirillovna, caught with her the echoes of generations and society that had already disappeared from the face of the earth; in a conversation with her, he found an extraordinary historical and poetic charm ... "On the advice of V. A. Zhukovsky, Pushkin decided to collect for posterity the stories told by Zagryazhskaya, while conveying, if possible, the originality of her speech. Recordings of several passages were preserved in his papers. Perhaps , they could serve as a source of new Pushkin's ideas, but his life was cut short in January 1837. Zagryazhskaya N.K. outlived Pushkin by only a month and a half, but at that time she was almost 90 years old ...
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Tasha's childhood Already at the age of eight, everyone paid attention to the rare, classically antique perfection of her facial features and jokingly frightened her mother - a remarkably beautiful woman herself - that her daughter would eventually outshine her beauty and there would be no end to the suitors! The stern and resolute mother pursed her lips in response and, shaking her head, said: “It’s too quiet, not a single fault! still water hell!" And her eyes gleamed gloomily ... Natasha's childhood was not easy: her father was tormented by an incurable mental illness - an addiction to horseback riding led to a tragic fall from a horse; kind, charming, witty - the way he was in his youth, before his illness.Mother, and before that not distinguished by an even character and mild disposition, after the misfortune that happened to her husband, became hysterical and even cruel to children, always demanded complete obedience The Goncharov sisters were afraid of their mother and did not dare to utter words in her presence, but she could easily whip her daughters on the cheeks.
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Here is what her close friend and neighbor on the estate, Nadezhda Eropkina, recalls about the youthful years of Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova: “I knew Natasha Goncharova well ... Natalie, as a girl, was distinguished by rare beauty. They began to take her out very early, and she was always surrounded by a swarm of admirers and admirers. Place the first beauty of Moscow was left to her." “I always admired her,” Eropkina continues, “Upbringing in the countryside, in the open air, left her a flourishing health as a legacy. Strong, dexterous, she was unusually proportionately built, which is why her every movement was full of grace. Her eyes are kind, cheerful, with an inciting spark from under long velvet eyelashes ... But Natalie's main charm was the absence of any affectation and naturalness. Most considered her a coquette, but the accusation is unfair ... Unusually expressive eyes, a charming smile and attractive ease of handling, against her will, conquered It's not her fault that everything about her was so surprisingly good!.. Natalia Nikolaevna was an amazing nugget in the family! - Nadezhda Mikhailovna notes in conclusion in her memoirs. Here is what her close friend and neighbor on the estate, Nadezhda Eropkina, recalls about the youthful years of Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova: “I knew Natasha Goncharova well ... Natalie, as a girl, was distinguished by rare beauty. They began to take her out very early, and she was always surrounded by a swarm of admirers and admirers. Place the first beauty of Moscow was left to her." “I always admired her,” Eropkina continues, “Upbringing in the countryside, in the open air, left her a flourishing health as a legacy. Strong, dexterous, she was unusually proportionately built, which is why her every movement was full of grace. Her eyes are kind, cheerful, with an inciting spark from under long velvet eyelashes ... But Natalie's main charm was the absence of any affectation and naturalness. Most considered her a coquette, but the accusation is unfair ... Unusually expressive eyes, a charming smile and attractive ease of handling, against her will, conquered It's not her fault that everything about her was so surprisingly good!.. Natalia Nikolaevna was an amazing nugget in the family! - Nadezhda Mikhailovna notes in conclusion in her memoirs.
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Pushkin's ideal of a wife was very definite. It was the ideal of the Madonna, but not a simple one, but a high society Madonna. In 1828, at the dance master Yogel's ball, there was a meeting with N.N. Goncharova - Natalie. He had never come to a ball with such a feeling. “A secret foreboding tormented me and agitated my soul. Vyazemsky said something to me and pointed to the young ladies. But suddenly some force made me turn around. I saw her in a transparent cloud of flounces and lace, in a crowd of young admirers, surrounded by relatives and friends .I stepped towards my destiny." Since Pushkin stepped towards Natalie, for him there was nothing more beautiful and dearer than her. He realized that this lovely creature would be his happiness...
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Acquaintance with Pushkin This nugget instantly struck the heart and imagination of the famous poet, who saw the girl at the dance master Yogel's balls, in a house on Tverskoy Boulevard, in the winter of 1828-1829. Natasha Goncharova was then barely 16 years old. In a white dress, with a golden hoop on her head, in all the splendor of her regal, harmonious, spiritualized beauty, she was introduced to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who "for the first time in his life was timid." Pushkin, in love, did not immediately dare to appear in the Goncharovs' house. The poet was introduced into their living room by an old acquaintance Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy, who soon became his matchmaker. For about two years, the story of courtship, painful for the poet, dragged on ...
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Natalia Goncharova Girl in a veil. Eyes down, God! How young! - Do you agree to be Pushkin's wife? And in response, a barely audible: "Yes ..." So crown them soon, priests, So tremble in the lamps pure light: Seven circles - and all the rotation - Red snow. Overcoats. Pistol… Conversation. Farewell. A memorable evening. The children are suddenly quiet. And it was no longer her husband, but a monument He let go of her secular sins. Now would be white robes, In the church would be, in the past years! - How she would look into his eyes, How she would say to him: "Yes!" Century flies. She will sparkle with fashions, Ascended again with foam of balls, And Pushkin's faithful wife will be given to Lansky by God ... ... The church at the Nikitskys. Wedding hour. And in the soul insight, like hops: Seven circles of love, misfortune, despair, Seven incomplete years ... Winter ... Duel ... About insight, you fall from his soul, Shield the coming years! .. - You agree to be a spouse ? - God! WELL, OF COURSE! WELL, OF COURSE, YES! (Mark Sergeev)
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After the death of Pushkin, the death of her husband not only plunged Natalya Nikolaevna into despair - she stunned her naive soul with her complete surprise. In the Karamzin family close to her, she was pitied, protected from attacks and called the poor victim of her own frivolity and human malice. She longed to read everything that concerned her husband, she longed to "talk about him, blame herself and cry." Karamzin's eldest daughter, Sofya Nikolaevna, seeing the poet's widow on the second day after Pushkin's death, was amazed: her gaze wandered, it was impossible to look at her "without heartache." The despair of Natalya Nikolaevna can be most clearly imagined by referring to the testimony of V. F. Vyazemskaya. "The convulsions of the flexible figure of the woman were such that her legs reached her head." Two weeks after the tragedy, Natalya Nikolaevna, with her children and sister Alexandrina, left for Linen Factory to my brother Dmitry. For almost two years she lived in the village, as the poet asked her before his death: “Go to the village. Wear mourning for me for two years, and then marry, but not for a varmint. Pushkin's father, Nashchokin, Zhukovsky came to her. She subscribed to all of Pushkin's works, but she could not read them. "Too strong and painful. Reading him is like hearing his voice, and it's so hard," she said.
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Pushkin's children The youngest daughter of Pushkin received the title of Countess Merenberg, having married Prince Nicholas Wilhelm of Nassau by her second marriage, and became related to the Russian imperial family. Her son married the daughter of Alexander II. It is worth noting that the children of Natalia Nikolaevna from both Pushkin and Lansky have maintained very warm personal relationships for life. Unfortunately, the difficult experiences that befell Natalia Nikolaevna affected her health. She began to get sick often. Doctors found that she had heart and lung diseases, which were aggravated by nervous exhaustion. Despite the appeals to the best Russian doctors and a trip abroad for treatment, it was not possible to cope with the diseases.
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In December 1863, in one of Russian newspapers an obituary signed by Pyotr Bartenev, a Pushkinist, will appear: “On November 26 of this year, Natalya Nikolaevna Lanskaya, nee Goncharova, in her first marriage, the wife of A. S. Pushkin, died in St. Petersburg at the age of 52. Her name will long be pronounced in our public memoirs and in the very history of Russian literature. The fate of our hitherto first, dear and unforgettable poet was connected with her. He cared about her, about her calmness in his dying moments. Pushkin died protecting her honor. May peace be upon her ashes." The ashes of Natalya Nikolaevna were buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Only one surname is engraved on the monument: "Lanskaya".
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Moscow square near the Nikitsky gates. June 6, 1999 Sculptor M.V.Dronov, architect M.A.Belov The fountain - rotunda "Alexander and Natalie" was placed on the Nikitsky Gate Square in honor of the 200th anniversary of Alexander Sergeevich. The place for it was not chosen by chance - literally 200 meters behind the square is the Church of the Great Ascension, in which Natalia Goncharova and Alexander Pushkin were married. Doric columns made of gray Carrara marble brought from Italy are installed on a granite pedestal. A golden dome, symbolizing the dome of the Church of the Ascension of the Lord, is installed on a high entablature. Inside the rotunda are sculptures by N.N. Goncharova and A.S. Pushkin, made by M.V. Dronov The hemispherical all-welded dome with a diameter of 3 m is fully assembled at the Experimental Production of the Institute for High Energy Physics. The ribbed-ring base of the dome and 2400 petals of the cover are made of stainless steel. Petals 2 mm thick were molded on a laser-controlled press and then coated with titanium nitride. The total weight of the dome, including the inner hemisphere, was about 1 ton. On the night of May 28-29, 1999, the dome was delivered to Moscow on a special tractor and installed in the design position. Drainage elements with a diameter of 4.5 m around the dome and bronze decorative chains around the rotunda were also mounted.
Description of the slide:Moscow st. Old Arbat. 1999 Sculptors Alexander and Ivan Burganov The monument is located on the Old Arbat, opposite the house-museum of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Pushkin brought his young wife here after the wedding. The sculptural composition represents the figures of Alexander Pushkin and Natalia Goncharova in the process of getting married. By the way, if you look closely at the faces of the newlyweds, they, surprisingly, do not look happy. Of course, Pushkin's marriage to Goncharova turned out to be a fatal event in the fate of the poet. Obviously, this is exactly what the authors of the monument emphasized. Young Natalie timidly puts her hand in her husband's hand - this moment of movement and incompleteness involuntarily makes you think, what if Pushkin had not managed to get the hand of his beloved woman?
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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin has a reputation as a great Russian poet. Considered as the creator of modern Russian literary language, and his works - as a standard of language, like the works of Dante in Italy or Goethe in Germany. Even during the life of the poet, they began to call him a genius. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin has a reputation as a great Russian poet. He is regarded as the creator of the modern Russian literary language, and his works as a standard of language, like the works of Dante in Italy or Goethe in Germany. Even during the life of the poet began to be called a genius
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Sources Kuznetsova A.A. "My Madonna" Publishing House "Sov. Writer". M. 1987 http://kalabuhov.livejournal.com/5860.html http://www.ogoniok.com/archive/1998/4577/42-58-61/ http://www.greatwomen.com.ua/ http://www.pugachev.spb.ru/portraits.html Biographies. Life history of great people http://www.tonnel.ru/?l=gzl&uid=229 http://festival.1september.ru/articles/500226/ http://www.svadbaprestige.ru/ru/Blog_Mary/svadba_puskina/ 10 http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/2167215/post66987469/ Natalia Nikolaevna Pushkina-Lanskaya. http://www.liveinternet.ru/showjournal.php?journalid=2592341&tagid=1893007 Natalia Goncharova. The wife of a genius. http://blogs.privet.ru/user/romanovaoa/75331162 http://visualrian.ru/images/item/112576 http://www.a4format.ru/ Fundamental digital library"Literature and Folklore" http://feb-web.ru/feb/pushkin/serial/v93/v93-074-.htm Russian Online Diary Service http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/2010239/post65266056/
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Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova and Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
Biography of Natalia Goncharova
According to the memoirs of Nadezhda Eropkina, cousin of Pavel Nashchokin, who knew Natalya Nikolaevna before marriage, she was distinguished by her beauty with early years. They began to take her out into the world very early, and she always had fans: “Unusually expressive eyes, a charming smile and attractive simplicity in communication, against her will, conquered everyone. It wasn't her fault that everything about her was so amazingly good. But for me it remained a mystery, where did Natalya Nikolaevna find tact and the ability to behave? Everything about her and her demeanor was imbued with deep decency. Everything was comme il faut - without any falsehood. And this is all the more surprising because the same could not be said about her relatives. The sisters were beautiful, but it would be in vain to look for Natasha's exquisite grace in them. The father is weak-willed, and in the end he is out of his mind, he had no importance in the family. Mother was no different good tone and was often unpleasant ... Therefore, Natalya Nikolaevna was an amazing nugget in this family. Pushkin was captivated by her unusual beauty, and no less likely, by her lovely demeanor, which he appreciated so much ”
Pushkin met Natalya Goncharova in Moscow in December 1828 at the dance master Yogel's ball. In April 1829, he asked for her hand through Fyodor Tolstoy. The answer of Goncharova's mother was vague: Natalya Ivanovna believed that the 16-year-old daughter at that time was too young for marriage, but there was no final refusal. Pushkin left for the active army of Ivan Paskevich in the Caucasus. According to the poet, "involuntary longing drove" him from Moscow, he was driven to despair that the reputation of a freethinker, which had been entrenched in him and exaggerated by slander, influenced the decision of the elder Goncharova. In September of the same year, he returned to Moscow and received a cold reception from the Goncharovs. According to the memoirs of Natalya Nikolaevna’s brother, Sergei, “Pushkin had frequent quarrels with Natalya Ivanovna, because Pushkin happened to let slip about manifestations of piety and about Emperor Alexander Pavlovich”, while the eldest Goncharova was extremely pious, and treated the late emperor with reverence. The political unreliability of the poet, his poverty and passion for cards also played a role.
In the spring of 1830, the poet, who had left for St. Petersburg, received news from the Goncharovs through a mutual friend, which gave him hope. He returned to Moscow and proposed a second time. On April 6, 1830, consent to the marriage was received. According to one friend of the Goncharovs, it was Natalya Nikolaevna who overcame her mother's resistance: "She seems very passionate about her fiancé." The engagement took place on May 6, 1830, but dowry negotiations delayed the wedding. In August of the same year, Pushkin's uncle, Vasily Lvovich, died. The wedding was again postponed, and Pushkin left for Boldino to take over the part of this estate allocated by his father. Here he stayed because of the cholera epidemic. Due to the cholera epidemic, Pushkin stayed in Boldin for three months, which became for him one of the most fruitful periods in his work.
On February 18 (March 2), 1831, a wedding took place in the Moscow Church of the Great Ascension at the Nikitsky Gate. During the exchange of rings, Pushkin's ring fell to the floor, and then his candle went out. He turned pale and said, "All are bad omens!" The young people settled in Moscow in an apartment rented by the poet before the wedding (the current address is Arbat St., 53). In mid-May 1831, the couple, on the initiative of Pushkin, who did not want his mother-in-law to interfere in his family life, moved to Tsarskoye Selo. The couple settled in Kitaeva's dacha and lived quite secluded for several months, hosting close friends and relatives. On May 19, 1832, Natalya Nikolaevna gave birth to her first child, daughter Maria, and on July 6, 1833, son Alexander. The birth of grandchildren somewhat improved relations between Pushkin and his mother-in-law, who apparently appreciated his love for children. In letters to his wife, Pushkin constantly recalled the children, during his trips he asked her to report everything that was happening at home.
In 1835, Natalya Nikolaevna met a French citizen, cavalry guard Georges Dantes. As Modest Hoffmann noted, before his appearance in the life of the Pushkins, "no one connected her name [Natalya Nikolaevna] with anyone else's name," although it was known in the world that the emperor was not indifferent to her. Until that moment, no one could call her a coquette that attracted fans. According to Y. Levkovich, Natalya Nikolaevna has nothing to reproach before meeting with Dantes. Dantes began to court Natalya Nikolaevna, which gave rise to rumors about the alleged relationship of the poet's wife with him. Her behavior and role in the pre-duel events is a matter of debate to this day. In the fall, Dantes' courtship of Natalya Nikolaevna became even more demonstrative, gossip began in secular society. The atmosphere in which the Pushkins found themselves during this period, secular gossip around their family and Dantes is fully reflected in the diary of Maria Merder. On November 3, an anonymous libel was sent to the poet's friends with insulting allusions to Pushkin and his wife. Pushkin, who learned about the letters the next day, was sure that they were the work of Dantes and his foster father, the Dutch envoy of Gekkern. On the evening of November 4, he sent a challenge (without giving a reason) to a duel to Dantes, which was received by Gekkern. Gekkern asked Pushkin for a delay of 24 hours. Natalya Nikolaevna, having learned about this, through her brother Ivan urgently summoned Zhukovsky from Tsarskoye Selo. Thanks to the participation of Zhukovsky and Zagryazhskaya, the duel was prevented. Dantes announced that his goal was to marry Natalya Nikolaevna's sister Ekaterina. On November 17, Pushkin sent his second Sollogub a refusal to duel. In the evening of the same day, the engagement of Dantes and Ekaterina Goncharova was officially announced.
Humiliating letter. Patent for the title of cuckold Received by the poet on November 4 (16), 1836 The Knights of the First Class, Commanders and Knights of the Most Serene Order of Cuckolds, having gathered in the Great Chapter under the chairmanship of the Honorable Grand Master of the Order, His Excellency D. L. Naryshkin, unanimously elected Mr. Alexander Pushkin Coadjutor of the Grand Master of the Order of the Cuckolds and Historiographer of the Order.
Duel on January 23 at the ball at the Vorontsov-Dashkovs Dantes insulted Natalya Nikolaevna. The next day, Pushkin sent a sharp letter to Louis Gekkern, which left the latter no choice, the poet knew that he would receive a challenge in response and deliberately went for it. Instead of Gekkern, who, as an envoy of a foreign state, could not participate in a duel, Dantes challenged Pushkin. On January 27, a duel took place on the Black River, in which Pushkin was seriously wounded.
Pushkin's death last days Pushkin, his wife, according to friends, did not leave hope that he would live. When Pushkin became worse, he asked not to hide his condition from Natalia Nikolaevna: “She is not a pretender; you know her well, she must know everything.” Several times Pushkin called his wife, and they were left alone. He repeated that Natalya Nikolaevna was innocent of what had happened and that he had always trusted her. The death of her husband was a severe shock for Natalya Nikolaevna, she fell ill. But, despite the state in which she was, Pushkin insisted that the poet be buried in a frock coat, and not in the chamber junker uniform, which he hated. Friday, the day of her husband's death, became a day of mourning for Natalya Nikolaevna. Until the end of her life on Friday, she did not go anywhere, "indulged in sad memories and did not eat anything all day."
New marriage. In the winter of 1844, Pushkina met Pyotr Petrovich Lansky, a friend of her brother Ivan. In the spring of this year, she was going to sea bathing in Revel to improve the health of children. However, the trip was postponed, since Natalya Nikolaevna sprained her leg, and in May Lanskoy did it. After seven years of widowhood, Pushkin's widow marries General Lansky, neither Pushkin nor Lansky has anything, and the world marvels at this union of hunger with need. Pushkina is one of those privileged young women whom the sovereign sometimes honors with his visit. About six weeks ago, he also visited her, and, as a result of this visit, or simply by chance, only Lanskoy was subsequently appointed commander of the Horse Guards Regiment, which, at least temporarily, ensures their existence. It was believed that Lanskoy made a career thanks to his marriage to Natalya Nikolaevna. However, there are other opinions: there is no data on “special career growth” after marriage with her, and the financial situation of the Lansky family in subsequent years, judging by the letters of Natalya Nikolaevna, was not easy. The wedding took place in Strelna on July 16, 1844, the wedding took place in the Strelna Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior. Nicholas I wished to be "an imprisoned father", but Natalya Nikolaevna, according to Arapova, declined this offer. The wedding was attended only by close relatives of the proposal.
Last years of life. IN last years life, Natalya Nikolaevna was seriously ill. Every spring she was tormented by bouts of coughing, which did not allow her to sleep, the doctors believed that only long-term spa treatment could help. In May 1861, Lanskoy took a vacation and took his wife and daughters abroad. At first, the Lanskys changed several German resorts, Natalya Nikolaevna did not feel better. They spent the autumn in Geneva, and the winter in Nice, where Natalya Nikolaevna began to recover. To consolidate the results of treatment, it was necessary to spend another winter in a mild climate. However, after spending the winter in Nice, Natalya Nikolaevna felt much better, in addition, it was time to take out the eldest daughter from her second marriage, Alexandra. The Lanskys returned to Russia. In the fall, Natalya Nikolaevna went to Moscow to baptize her grandson, the son of Alexander Alexandrovich Pushkin. There she caught a cold, on the way back the disease worsened, pneumonia began. November 26, 1863 Natalya Nikolaevna died. She was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
My wishes have been fulfilled. Creator
He sent you down to me, you, my Madonna,
The purest beauty, the purest example.
A.S. Pushkin
The wife of the great poet A.S. Pushkin. She was…. What was she like? A lot has been said about Natalia Goncharova and Alexander Sergeevich's love for her. It is known that Natalya Nikolaevna was considered the most beautiful woman.
On September 8 (August 27, old style), 2012, the 200th anniversary of the birth of Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova was celebrated.
On February 18, 1831, Pushkin and Natalie Goncharova finally joined their hands and hearts. She was then barely 16 years old. In a white dress, with a golden hoop on her head, in all the splendor of her regal, harmonious, spiritualized beauty, she was introduced to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who "for the first time in his life was timid."
“My wife is lovely, and the longer I live with her, the more I love this sweet, pure, kind creature, which I did not deserve before God in any way” (A.S. Pushkin)
For six years of married life, Natalia Goncharova and Alexander Sergeevich had four children: two daughters and two sons.
The presentation will be interesting for students in grades 3-4 in literary reading lessons.
Target: read the biography of Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova.
Tasks:
1. Study the biography of N.N. Goncharova, highlight Interesting Facts from her life.
2. Track the fate of children N.N. Goncharova
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Leader: Sorokina Elena Alekseevna, teacher primary school ANOO VO gymnasium "Odintsovsky Humanities University» Moscow region, Odintsovo, Russian Federation.
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Natalya Nikolaevna was only 16 years old when she first met Pushkin at one of the balls in Moscow in the winter of 1829. She was in a white airy dress, with gold on her head. Alexander Sergeevich could not take his eyes off her. She was modest to the point of pain: at the first meeting with the poet, his celebrity, authority, not only embarrassed, but somehow even crushed her. She bashfully answered enthusiastic phrases, but this enthusiastic modesty only elevated her in the eyes of the poet. Natalia was really wonderful. Everything about her was amazingly good and imbued with deep decency. Pushkin soon proposed to her, but received a vague response; he was not refused outright, but was told to wait, as his daughter was still too young. On the same night, in May 1829, Pushkin, out of desperation, left for the active army in the Caucasus, where there was a war with Turkey. Returning in September, Pushkin hurries to Goncharova, but Natalya receives him coldly and indifferently, so that Pushkin, having lost all hope , leaves for St. Petersburg.
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In March, he goes to Moscow, and in April 1830 he again proposes and this time receives the consent of his parents. On May 6, 1830, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was officially announced as the fiance of Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova. Engagement notices sent out. But the wedding was postponed either because of the lack of a dowry, or because of the disorder of his material affairs, on which he traveled to Boldino, or because of the outbreak of cholera, which delayed his return to Moscow. Finally, only on February 18, 1831, in the Church of the Ascension, on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, in Moscow, did the wedding of A.S. Pushkin and N.N. Goncharova.
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They were an amazing couple. A thin, tall, slender, very beautiful girl with a shy and melancholic expression and a rebellious poet, "an ugly descendant of Negroes", nine centimeters shorter than her and thirteen years older. But they loved each other. During the six happy years that they lived together, Natalya Nikolaevna gave birth to four children.
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The Pushkin family, after the money from the pledged Kistenev ran out, was almost constantly in a difficult financial situation. Life in St. Petersburg was expensive, the family grew, the Pushkins, like many others, for reasons of "prestige", kept a big house. Going out into the world also required considerable expenses. Pushkin sometimes played and lost money in cards. His salary for his service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (five thousand rubles a year) was only enough to pay for an apartment and a dacha. At the end of December 1833, Nicholas I promoted Pushkin to the junior court rank of chamber junker. According to the poet's friends, he was furious: this title was usually given to young people. On January 1, 1834, Pushkin made an entry in his diary: On the third day I was granted the rank of chamber junker (which is rather indecent for my age).
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The eldest daughter, Maria Alexandrovna Pushkina Maria Alexandrovna, was educated at home. Since 1852 - maid of honor of Empress Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander II. In 1860 she married Leonid Nikolaevich Gartung (1834–1877), major general, manager of the Imperial stud farms in Tula and Moscow. The husband shot himself in 1877, being entangled in intrigues and put on trial. She had no children. In 1861, she met Leo Tolstoy, who later reflected some of the features of her appearance in Anna Karenina. She died of starvation in Moscow in 1919. She was buried in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery.
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Alexander Alexandrovich Pushkin Alexander Alexandrovich was born on July 6, 1833 in St. Petersburg. Graduate of the St. Petersburg Imperial Page Corps. He was awarded the golden St. George weapon with the inscription "For Courage" and the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with swords and a bow. For 35 years military service Alexander Alexandrovich became a holder of many Russian and three foreign orders. He chose a professional military career. Reached the rank major general. He commanded the 13th Narva Hussar Regiment, which took part in the battles for the liberation of Bulgaria, and the first brigade of the 13th Cavalry Division, which was part of the personal retinue of the Emperor. He was awarded the golden St. George saber "For Courage" and the Order of Vladimir 4th degree with swords and a bow. Alexander Alexandrovich died on July 19, 1914 in the village of Maloye Ostankino (near Moscow) at the age of 81. He was buried in the village of Bogatishchevo, Kashirsky District, Moscow Region.
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The youngest son, Grigory Alexandrovich Pushkin Grigory Alexandrovich was born in 1835. Pupil of the Corps of Pages. Cornet, captain of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior, where he rose to the rank of senior adviser. From 1866 to 1899 he lived in the village of Mikhailovsky. Grigory Alexandrovich graduated from the Corps of Pages. He retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1884 he married Varvara Alekseevna Moshkova, nee Melnikova. Until 1899 he lived with his wife in the Mikhailovsky Pskov province. In 1899 he moved to the estate of his wife Marcoutier near Vilnius. During the years of his life in Markutier, Grigory Pushkin was a member of the Vilna Judicial Chamber. Together with his wife, he took part in public life Vilna, arranging charity evenings, financially supporting and taking care of the poor students of the gymnasium. He was buried in the park at the estate, next to the chapel.
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The youngest daughter, Natalya Aleksandrovna Pushkina Natalya Aleksandrovna, was born in 1836. Received home education. She married M.L. Dubelt. In the second marriage - Merenberg. Contemporaries called her "the beautiful daughter of a beautiful mother." In 1876, Natalya Alexandrovna provided I.S. Turgenev to publish a letter from his father to her mother. This angered her brothers. In character and partly in appearance, Natalya Alexandrovna was very much like Pushkin. According to I. S. Turgenev: "this is a bright and original nature, an outstanding personality and talented in her own way, it was felt that she was the daughter of the great Pushkin." In 1853 she married Lieutenant Colonel M. L. Dubelt. In 1868, after the dissolution of an extremely unsuccessful first marriage, Natalya Alexandrovna remarried Prince Nicholas of Nasaus, the marriage was morganatic (unequal) and at the wedding she received the title of Countess Merenberg. She had six children from both marriages. Natalya Alexandrovna Pushkina-Merenberg died in Cannes in the house of her daughter Countess S. N. Thorby in 1913.
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