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A presentation on the topic "Robert Boyle" (Grade 11) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Physics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 8 slide(s).
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At first, Boyle dealt with religious and philosophical issues, then, having moved to Oxford, he turned to research in the field of chemistry and physics, taking part in the work of a scientific society called the "invisible college". In 1665 Boyle received an honorary doctorate in physics from Oxford University. In 1668 he settled in London, where he was elected president of the Royal Society, but declined this position.
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Research in the field of physics led Boyle to the discovery in 1660 of the law of change in the volume of air with a change in pressure (regardless of Boyle, the law was also discovered by the French scientist Edm Mariotte). As a result of their experimental work on the quantitative study of the processes of roasting metals, combustion, dry distillation of wood, the transformation of salts, acids and alkalis, Boyle introduced the concept of analysis of the composition of bodies into chemistry. In 1663, Boyle was the first to use indicators to determine acids and alkalis. Investigating the composition of mineral waters, he used a decoction of ink nuts to discover iron and ammonia to discover copper. Describing the properties of phosphorus, Boyle indicated its color, smell, density, ability to glow, and its relationship to solvents. Boyle's numerous observations laid the foundation for analytical chemistry.
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Boyle's Law - Mariotte is one of the fundamental gas laws, discovered in 1662 by Robert Boyle and independently rediscovered by Edme Mariotte in 1676. The law is a special case of the ideal gas equation of state. Boyle's law - Mariotte states: At a constant temperature and mass of an ideal gas, the product of its pressure and volume is constant. In mathematical form, this statement is written as follows pV = const, where p is the gas pressure; V is the volume of gas. It is important to clarify that in this law the gas is considered as ideal. In fact, all gases are more or less different from the ideal. The higher the molar mass of the gas, the greater this difference.
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Robert was the seventh son of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork. His father gave him the opportunity to receive a versatile education, including in the field of natural science and medicine: in 1635-1638. Boyle studied at Eton College, and in 1639-1644. at the Geneva Academy. Robert was the seventh son of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork. His father gave him the opportunity to receive a versatile education, including in the field of natural science and medicine: in 1635-1638. Boyle studied at Eton College, and in 1639-1644. at the Geneva Academy.
At first, Boyle dealt with religious and philosophical issues, then, having moved to Oxford, he turned to research in the field of chemistry and physics, taking part in the work of a scientific society called the "invisible college". In 1665 Boyle received an honorary doctorate in physics from Oxford University. In 1668 he settled in London, where he was elected president of the Royal Society, but declined this position. At first, Boyle dealt with religious and philosophical issues, then, having moved to Oxford, he turned to research in the field of chemistry and physics, taking part in the work of a scientific society called the "invisible college". In 1665 Boyle received an honorary doctorate in physics from Oxford University. In 1668 he settled in London, where he was elected president of the Royal Society, but declined this position.
Boyle's scientific activity is devoted to physics and chemistry and the development of atomistic theory. Boyle's views were greatly influenced by the philosophy of Francis Bacon; in Boyle's works there are many references to Bacon's thoughts about natural science and, first of all, about the recognition of experience as a criterion of truth. Boyle's scientific activity is devoted to physics and chemistry and the development of atomistic theory. Boyle's views were greatly influenced by the philosophy of Francis Bacon; in Boyle's works there are many references to Bacon's thoughts about natural science and, first of all, about the recognition of experience as a criterion of truth.
Research in the field of physics led Boyle to the discovery in 1660 of the law of change in the volume of air with a change in pressure (regardless of Boyle, the law was also discovered by the French scientist Edm Mariotte). As a result of his experimental work on the quantitative study of the processes of roasting metals, combustion, dry distillation of wood, the transformation of salts, acids and alkalis, Boyle introduced the concept of analysis of the composition of bodies into chemistry. In 1663, Boyle was the first to use indicators to determine acids and alkalis. Investigating the composition of mineral waters, he used a decoction of ink nuts to discover iron and ammonia to discover copper. Describing the properties of phosphorus, Boyle indicated its color, smell, density, ability to glow, and its relationship to solvents. Boyle's numerous observations marked the beginning of analytical chemistry. Research in the field of physics led Boyle to the discovery in 1660 of the law of change in the volume of air with a change in pressure (regardless of Boyle, the law was also discovered by the French scientist Edm Mariotte). As a result of his experimental work on the quantitative study of the processes of roasting metals, combustion, dry distillation of wood, the transformation of salts, acids and alkalis, Boyle introduced the concept of analysis of the composition of bodies into chemistry. In 1663, Boyle was the first to use indicators to determine acids and alkalis. Investigating the composition of mineral waters, he used a decoction of ink nuts to discover iron and ammonia to discover copper. Describing the properties of phosphorus, Boyle indicated its color, smell, density, ability to glow, and its relationship to solvents. Boyle's numerous observations marked the beginning of analytical chemistry.
Boyle's Law - Mariotte is one of the fundamental gas laws, discovered in 1662 by Robert Boyle and independently rediscovered by Edme Mariotte in 1676. The law is a special case of the ideal gas equation of state. Boyle's Law - Mariotte is one of the fundamental gas laws, discovered in 1662 by Robert Boyle and independently rediscovered by Edme Mariotte in 1676. The law is a special case of the ideal gas equation of state. Boyle's law - Mariotte states: At a constant temperature and mass of an ideal gas, the product of its pressure and volume is constant. In mathematical form, this statement is written as follows pV = const, where p is the gas pressure; V is the volume of gas. It is important to clarify that in this law the gas is considered as ideal. In fact, all gases are more or less different from the ideal. The higher the molar mass of the gas, the greater this difference.
The bright side of Boyle's life was religious and missionary activity. So he thought of suicide, from which he was kept only by the thought that his soul would go to hell. He decided to dispel his doubts by reading the Bible in the original, and therefore began to study the Hebrew and Greek languages. The bright side of Boyle's life was religious and missionary activity. So he thought of suicide, from which he was kept only by the thought that his soul would go to hell. He decided to dispel his doubts by reading the Bible in the original, and therefore began to study the Hebrew and Greek languages.
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Hook, Robert Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia Compiled by Bolshakov S.V.slide 2
Date of birth: 18 July 1635 Place of birth: Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England Date of death: 3 March 1703 (aged 67) Place of death: London, England Scientific sphere Key words: physics, chemistry, biology Alma mater: Christ Church, Oxford Scientific adviser: Robert Boyle Known as: Hooke's law, microscopy, first used the word cell Portrait of Robert Hooke, modern reconstruction, 2004
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Biography Hook's father, a pastor, initially prepared him for spiritual activity, but in view of the boy's poor health and his ability to engage in mechanics, he intended him to study watchmaking. Subsequently, however, young Hooke gained an interest in scientific pursuits and consequently was sent to Westminster School, where he successfully studied languages, but was especially interested in mathematics and showed a great ability for inventions in physics and mechanics.
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His ability to study physics and chemistry was recognized and appreciated by scientists at Oxford University, where he began to study from 1653; he first became an assistant to the chemist Willis, and then to the famous Boyle. Since 1662 he was the curator of experiments at the Royal Society of London. In 1663 the Royal Society, recognizing the usefulness and importance of his discoveries, made him a member. In 1677-1683 he was the secretary of this society. Since 1664 - professor at the University of London. Robert Boyle Coat of arms of the University of Oxford
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In 1665 he published "Micrographia", which describes his microscopic and telescopic observations, containing the publication of significant discoveries in biology. First depiction of living cells: drawing from Hooke's Micrographia (1665)
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From 1667, Hooke read the Kutler Lectures on mechanics. During his 68-year life, Robert Hooke, despite poor health, was tireless in his studies, made many scientific discoveries, inventions and improvements. This happened more than 300 years ago: he discovered cells, the female egg and male sperm. Drawings of the Moon and Pleiades from Hooke's Micrographia
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Hooke's discoveries include: the discovery of proportionality between elastic tensions, compressions and bends, and the stresses that produce them (Hooke's law), the correct formulation of the law gravity(Hooke's priority was disputed by Newton), the discovery of the colors of thin plates, the idea of the wave-like propagation of light, the experimental substantiation of its discovery by the interference of light, the wave theory of light, the hypothesis of the transverse nature of light waves, discoveries in acoustics, the theoretical position on the essence of heat as the movement of body particles , the discovery of the constancy of the temperature of melting ice and boiling water, Boyle's law (what is Hooke's contribution here is not completely clear), a living cell (using a microscope improved by him; Hooke owns the term "cell" itself), direct evidence of the rotation of the Earth.
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Inventions Hooke's inventions are quite varied. First, it should be said about the spiral spring for regulating the clock; this invention was made by him during the time from 1656 to 1658. On the instructions of Hooke, the watchmaker Thompson made the first watch with a regulating spring for Charles II. The Dutch mechanic, physicist and mathematician Christian Huygens applied the regulating spiral later than Hooke, but independently of him; the hooking parts invented by them are not the same. Hooke attributed the idea of using a conical pendulum to regulate clocks to himself and disputed the primacy of Huygens. In 1666 he invented a spirit level, in 1665 he presented to the royal society a small quadrant in which the alidade was moved using a micrometer screw, so that it was possible to count minutes and seconds; further, when it was found convenient to replace the diopters of astronomical instruments with pipes, he suggested placing a thread grid in the eyepiece.
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In general, Hooke made many improvements in the design of dioptric and catoptric telescopes; he polished glass himself and did a lot of observations; among other things, he drew attention to the spots on the surface of Jupiter and Mars and, along with Giovanni Cassini, determined the speed of rotation of these planets around their axes by their movement. In 1684 he invented the world's first optical telegraph system. He invented many different mechanisms, in particular for constructing various geometric curves (ellipses, parabolas). Proposed a prototype of heat engines. Drawing of Saturn made from Hooke's observations
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In addition, he invented an optical telegraph, a minima thermometer, an improved barometer, a hygrometer, an anemometer, a registering rain gauge; made observations in order to determine the effect of the rotation of the Earth on the fall of bodies and dealt with many physical issues, for example, about the weighing of air, about the specific gravity of ice, invented a special hydrometer to determine the degree of freshness of river water. In 1666, Hooke presented to the Royal Society a model of helical gears he had invented. These screw wheels are now known as White wheels. The cardan joint, which serves to hang lamps and compass boxes on ships, was used by Hooke to transmit rotations between two shafts intersecting under arbitrary angle. Having established the constancy of the freezing and boiling points of water, together with Huygens, around 1660, he proposed these points as reference points for the thermometer scale. Hooke barometer
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Robert Boyle () English physicist, chemist and philosopher, one of the founders of the Royal Society of London. Formulated (1661) the first scientific definition of a chemical element, introduced the experimental method into chemistry, laid the foundation for chemical analysis. Contributed to the formation of chemistry as a science. Established (1662) one of the gas laws (the law of Boyle - Mariotte). Robert Boyle was born January 25, 1627, Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland. He died December 30, 1691, in London).
Travels of youth Robert was born into an old aristocratic family of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork. The first years of the child's life were not very happy. Three years old, Robert lost his mother, was frail and sickly. According to the then existing tradition in aristocratic families, when Robert was 8 years old, he was sent to Eton College, one of the prestigious closed educational institutions England. But his father took him from there three years later to send him to continue his studies in Europe, in Switzerland. In Geneva, Robert studied mathematics, philosophy and jurisprudence for two years. Then he undertook a long journey through Europe, in particular, through Italy, where he enthusiastically got acquainted with works of art.
Own laboratory. Boyle's Law 17 Years Old Robert Boyle returns to England. Having lost by this time both his father and becoming an orphan, he settles with his sister, but soon moves to the estate of Stalbridge inherited by him in Dorsetshire. There he lived for eight years and, apparently, there Robert began to experiment, although he did not publish a single work over the years. In 1654 begins new period in Boyle's life. He moved to Oxford, one of the recognized centers of science at that time. Being a wealthy man, Boyle equips a laboratory and, together with his assistant, the young Robert Hooke, a future renowned scientist and member of the Royal Society, starts experiments in 1655. Until 1668, Robert Boyle remains the director and supervisor of this laboratory. The book that appeared in 1660, the result of this work, immediately became a classic. It described the air pump invented by Boyle and which allowed numerous experiments to be carried out, and one of the main results, which entered physics under the name of Boyle's law, the conclusion that pressure constant mass gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies. This law is also known as "Boyle-Mariotte's Law", but Edm Mariotte did not establish it until 1676, and published it in 1660. After 1660, Robert Boyle's interests increasingly shifted towards chemistry.
Contribution to the development of chemical science The great scientist's research laid the foundation for the birth of a new chemical science. Boyle believed that chemistry was destined to become one of the fundamental sciences in philosophy. If for his contemporaries chemistry was just an art that helped pharmacists prepare medicines and alchemists look for the philosopher's stone, then for Boyle it was an independent science with its own tasks and methods. He perfectly understood the enormous importance of chemical knowledge for the study of natural phenomena and the development of crafts. Robert Boyle was an excellent experimenter and tireless observer, which allowed him to make discoveries in various fields of chemistry. The circle of his interests was very wide. Investigating the extracts of various plants, he noticed that the infusions of violets, litmus lichen, etc. change their color under the action of acids and alkalis. Even then, Boyle called these substances indicators. To this day, to determine the acidity of solutions, modern chemists use the indicator paper invented by Boyle. When studying the infusion of tannin nut in water, Robert Boyle found that with iron salts it forms a black solution that can be used as ink. For almost a century, high-quality black ink was produced according to the recipes he developed.
His many years of research showed that when substances were exposed to various reagents, some of them gave colored solutions, others emitted gases with characteristic odors, and others formed colored precipitates. Boyle called the processes of decomposition of substances and the identification of the obtained products with the help of characteristic reactions analysis. By systematizing numerous color reactions and precipitation reactions, Robert Boyle laid the foundation for the development of analytical chemistry. Many of the reactions he described are still in use today. qualitative analysis to identify a particular substance. Throughout almost all of its scientific activity Boyle's attention was drawn to the combustion process. The scientist discovered that during the firing of metals, the ash was always heavier than the metal taken. Boyle made a number of discoveries, but he could not give a correct explanation of combustion, since, like many the scientists of that time, believed that the fire contains a special element "caloric". He proved that only part of the air is consumed during breathing and combustion. R. Boyle studied phosphorus. He was the first to synthesize phosphoric acid, phosphine gas and described their properties. Developing the best methods for obtaining phosphorus, in 1680 he received white phosphorus, which for a long time was called Boyle's phosphorus. Boyle made a huge contribution to the development theoretical foundations chemical science. He made an attempt to systematize chemicals, to divide them into groups according to their properties. In The Skeptic Chemist (1661), Robert Boyle developed his ideas about chemical elements, outlined the foundations of the corpuscular theory of the structure of matter in relation to chemistry. Boyle criticized the teachings of Aristotle and the alchemists and tried to explain the transformations chemical substances based on atomistic ideas.
Royal Society, recognition of the scientific world In 1665, Robert Boyle was elected an honorary doctor of physics from Oxford University, and after 3 years a member of the Royal Society. Back at Oxford, Boyle paid much attention to the organization of the "Philosophical College", where scientists communicated, where they made reports and discussed them. In London he took Active participation in using the experience of this "college" in the Royal Society and even in 1680 was elected its president, but refused this honor. Boyle published the results of his work in more than two dozen books, in many articles. His work gained fame in many scientific centers in Europe. All of Robert Boyle's books are written in English, thus he destroyed the tradition of publishing scientific books in Latin.
More about Robert Boyle: Robert Boyle entered the history of science not only as the author of fundamental discoveries, but also as the world's first organizer of science. His theory of the corpuscular structure of substances was a step forward in the development of the atomic-molecular theory. The great scientist's research laid the foundation for the birth of a new chemical science. He singled out chemistry as an independent science and showed that it has its own problems, its own tasks, which must be solved by its own methods, different from medicine. By systematizing numerous color reactions and precipitation reactions, Boyle laid the foundation for analytical chemistry. Medicine Robert Boyle was born on January 25, 1627. He was the thirteenth child of fourteen children of Richard Boyle, the first Duke of Cork, a ferocious and successful money-giver who lived in the time of Queen Elizabeth and multiplied his lands by seizing foreign lands. He was born in Lismore Castle, one of his father's Irish estates. There Robert spent his childhood. He received an excellent home education and at the age of eight became a student at Eton University. Robert studied there for four years, after which he left for his father's new estate, Stolbridge. As was customary at the time, at the age of twelve, Robert and his brother were sent on a trip to Europe. He decided to continue his education in Switzerland and Italy and stayed there for six long years. Robert Boyle returned to England only in 1644, after the death of his father, who left him a considerable fortune. Receptions were often held in Stallbridge, attended by scientists, writers and politicians well-known at that time. Heated discussions took place here more than once, and Robert, on his return to London, became one of the regulars at such meetings.
Robert Boyle died on December 30, 1691 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, the burial place of prominent men of England. Dying, Robert Boyle bequeathed that all his capital be used for the development of science in England and for the continuation of the activities of the Royal Society. In addition, he provided special facilities for holding annual scientific readings in physics and theology.
