Zimin a. Zimin Alexander Alexandrovich. Evaluation of scientific activity

Zimin, Alexander Alexandrovich

Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin

Date of Birth:
Date of death:
A country:	USSR
Scientific area:
Place of work:	Moscow State Institute of History and Archives
Academic degree:
Alma mater:
Notable students:
Awards and prizes

Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin(February 22, Moscow - February 25, ibid) - Soviet historian, researcher of the Russian Middle Ages.

Family

Scientific and pedagogical activity

Specialist in the field of Russian history from the 11th to the 18th centuries. Author of numerous fundamental works on the problems of social political history countries. Specialist in the history of social thought in Russia, issues of historiography and source studies. Creator scientific school.

At the end of his life, he worked on memoirs and the historical and genealogical study "Twilight and Hope", dedicated to the family of the Counts Kamensky and their offspring.

Historical views of the scientist

He believed that the oprichnina was directed against three centers of feudal separatism that could pose a threat to the tsarist autocracy - the Staritsky appanage, the church and Novgorod. He spoke out both against the apologetics of the political course of Ivan the Terrible, and against presenting this course as the result of an exclusively manic psychosis of the tsar.

IN recent works came to the conclusion that the process of centralization in medieval Rus' was contradictory. Recognizing the historical pattern of centralization and its positive sides, drew attention to the grave consequences of the growth of autocracy, which suppressed the freedom-loving aspirations of the people, and eliminated political freedoms. He moved away from the "pro-Moscow" interpretation of the course and results of the dynastic struggle in Rus'. He was inclined to consider the Galician princes who participated in the feudal war of the 15th century as carriers of a certain progressive beginning, as representatives of some kind of democratic freemen, behind whom stood a population that had not yet submitted to Moscow's dictate, for example, the inhabitants of the Vyatka land.

Version of the origin of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"

Zimin is the author of the concept about the time of creation of The Tale of Igor's Campaign and its author, according to which this work was written in the 80s of the 18th century. Russian spiritual writer Archimandrite Joel (Bykovsky) and is an outstanding imitation of a monument of ancient Russian literature. He believed that the work at that time responded to current political problems and could be perceived as “a call for the annexation of Crimea and the victorious end of Russian-Turkish war". According to Zimin, the sources of The Tale of Igor's Campaign were Zadonshchina, Russian chronicles (mainly Ipatiev), monuments of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian folklore. Zimin's version is based on his interpretation of the textological problem of the correlation between the "short" and "lengthy" editions of the Zadonshchina, which he developed in detail over many years.

He outlined his concept in the book “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”. Sources, time of writing, author”, published by rotaprint with an edition of 101 copies. and distributed (with the condition of return) to the participants in the discussion held in the Department of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences on May 4-6. Most of the participants in the discussion did not agree with Zimin's point of view, and his work was never published, which was due to an administrative ban, despite the fact that a number of Zimin's opponents believed that his study was of a serious reasoned nature and had the right to be published. Until the end of his life, he continued to adhere to his point of view, clarifying and supplementing the text of the manuscript. Part of Zimin's point of view is set out in his articles on " The Lay of Igor's Campaign". The final version of A. A. Zimin's book about The Tale of Igor's Campaign (doubled in comparison with the rotaprint edition) was published only in 2006 with a circulation of 800 copies.

Evaluation of scientific activity

During his lifetime, according to the sad Russian tradition, Zimin was not spoiled by official recognition. In any case, seven monographs written by him remained unpublished.

V.B. Kobrin, Ya.S. Lurie, A.L. Khoroshkevich. Afterword to the book by A.A. Zimin "A Knight at the Crossroads: Feudal War in Russia in the 15th Century"

Zimin was and remains the pride of Russian historical science. A scientist with a huge creative potential, a broad outlook and a rare scientific intuition, he commanded respect and admiration for both his work and his personality. Possessing a pronounced choleric temperament, Zimin literally “burned” with a thirst for creativity ... Zimin was a “world-famous scientist” in the full sense of the word. Not only Russian, but also foreign colleagues treated him with the deepest respect, I would say, with admiration, as well as with great warmth. His works were valued, his erudition, sharpness of thought, wit, looseness, sincerity and desire to help were appreciated.

- (S. M. Kashtanov - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences).

Major writings

Zimin, A. A. I. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries. Essays on the history of Russian social and political thought in the middle of the XVI century. - M., 1958;
Zimin, A. A. Methods of publishing ancient Russian acts. - M., 1959;
Zimin, A. A. Russian chronicles and chronographs of the late XV-XVI centuries. Tutorial. - M., 1960;
Zimin, A. A. Reforms of Ivan the Terrible: Essays on the socio-economic history of Russia in the middle of the 16th century. - M., 1960;
Zimin, A. A. Legislative monuments of the Russian state of the late XV - early XVII centuries. Tutorial. - M., 1961;
Zimin, A. A. Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible. M., 1964 (second edition, corrected and supplemented, under the title "Oprichnina". - M., 2001);
Zimin, A. A. New about the uprising of Mikhail Glinsky in 1508 // Soviet archives. - No. 5. - 1970. - S. 69 - 73.
Zimin, A. A. Russia on the threshold of a new time: (Essays on the political history of Russia in the first third of the 16th century). - M .: Thought, 1972. - 456 p. - 40,000 copies.(in the lane);
Zimin, A. A. Serfs in Rus' (from ancient times to the end of the 15th century). - M., 1973;
Zimin, A. A. From the historiography of Soviet source studies (“Russian Truth” in the works of S. V. Yushkov). // Problems of the history of social thought and historiography. - M., 1976. - S.275-282.
Zimin, A. A. Large feudal patrimony and socio-political struggle in Russia (end of the 15th-16th centuries). - M., 1977;

Posthumous publications

Zimin A. A., Khoroshkevich A. L. Russia of the time of Ivan the Terrible / Ed. ed. corresponding member Academy of Sciences of the USSR V. T. Pashuto. - M .: Nauka, 1982. - 185 p. - (From the history of our Motherland). - 100,000 copies.
Zimin, A. A. Russia at the Turn of the 15th-16th Centuries (Essays on Socio-Political History). - M., 1982;
Zimin, A. A. On the Eve of Formidable Upheavals: The Background of Russia's First Peasant War. - M., 1986:
Zimin, A. A. Formation of the boyar aristocracy in Russia in the second half of the 15th - the first third of the 16th century. - M.: Nauka, 1988, 350 p.;
Zimin, A. A. Knight at the crossroads: feudal war in Russia in the 15th century. - M., 1991;
Zimin, A. A. True Russian. - M., 1999.;
Zimin, A. A. A word about Igor's regiment. - St. Petersburg: "Dmitry Bulanin", 2006. - 516 pages. ISBN 5-86007-471-9.

Literature

Kashtanov S. M. Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin // Portraits of Historians. Time and destiny. T. 1 ( National history). M. - Jerusalem, 2000.
Kashtanov S. M., Chernobaev A. A. Zimin Alexander Alexandrovich (1920-1980) // Historians of Russia: Biographies / Comp., responsible. ed. A. A. Chernobaev. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2001. - S. 803-814. - 912 p. - 2,000 copies. - ISBN 5-8243-0113-1(in lane, superregional)
Zimin Alexander Alexandrovich // Historians of Russia of the XX century: Bio-bibliographic dictionary / Compiled by A. A. Chernobaev. Ed. V. A. Dines. - Saratov: Saratov State Socio-Economic University, 2005. - T. 1 (A-L). - S. 349. - 576 p. - 2,000 copies. -

A.L. Khoroshkevich

Afterword

The book offered to the reader is the last work of Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin (1920-1980), an outstanding Soviet researcher of the Russian Middle Ages. During his lifetime, according to the sad Russian tradition, Zimin was not spoiled by official recognition. In any case, seven monographs written by him remained unpublished. In the 10 years that have passed since the death of the scientist, the publishing house "Thought" published two of his works - "Revived Russia" under the title "Russia at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries" (M., 1982) and "On the eve of formidable upheavals" (M. ., 1986), entitled by the author "The Path to Power", and the publishing house "Nauka" - a monograph "The formation of the boyar aristocracy in Russia in the second half of the 15th - the first third of the 16th century." (M., 1988). But at least three more scientific monographs completed by Zimin - studies on Russian Pravda, on "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", on Russian historical songs - and two memoir books have not yet been published and are stored in his personal archive.

The first two books, as well as previously published by the same publishing house "Thought" "Reforms of Ivan the Terrible" (M., 1960), "Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible" (M., 1964) and "Russia on the Threshold of New Times" (M., 1972) , are included in the conceived A.A. Zimin 6-volume cycle of studies on the history of Russia in the XV-XVI centuries. In this series, the book offered to the attention of readers is the first in the chronology of events and the last in time of writing by the author. Its release makes the entire series complete.

The published monograph also has more significant features. Her idea is best expressed by the preserved author's name - "The Knight at the Crossroads". This is the first in domestic literature a study of the tragic events of the second quarter of the 15th century, when all of Rus' became the scene of a bloody struggle for power between the warring clans of the ruling dynasty. The book most clearly expressed the temperament of the scientist, his mind seeking and seeking truth, and original reflections on the laws of the unification process in Russia.

"The Knight at the Crossroads" was started by the author in 1979 and was written rapidly, with great enthusiasm and zeal. Alexander Alexandrovich worked on the text of the book literally until last day life, more than once read aloud to friends and students its individual parts, looking for the most accurate expressions and characteristics. Twenty years have passed since the publication of the first of the books of the conceived and almost completely implemented series until the writing of Vityaz ..., and, as the author himself noted, during this time his general historical ideas underwent a deep evolution, which he considered completed in Vityaz ...".

The beginning of the creative activity of A.A. Zimin fell on the time of the domination of the schemes created in the era of Stalinist dominance historical development Russia. The first of the books in the cycle - "The Reforms of Ivan the Terrible" - bears traces of their influence, but the second, dedicated to the oprichnina, marks a break with the concepts standard for the period of the cult of personality. To understand the essence of the evolution of the views of Zimin the historian, one should keep in mind one remarkable feature of his personality: over the years, he became not more conservative, as is often the case with scientists, but more radical, freer from traditional views. With age, great looseness, independence of thought came to him.

A turning point for A.A. Zimin began to work on a book about "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "published" in 1964 with a circulation of 101 copies "for official use". He was not the first and not the only one to doubt that the “Word…” was written in the 12th century. But others did not dare to publicize their doubts, nor to spend years of hard work on a serious study that promised only thorns without laurels. Zimin, on the other hand, continued his research with all the passion that he was capable of, and many years after the closed discussion of the first version of the book, despite the fact that the idea of redattributing the Lay, .., "heretical" in the early 60s, put under blow his future. At the end of 1978, Zimin wrote that for him “the story of the Slovo...” was important... because it exposed the myth of the “pure science” of the ancients in our Fatherland... It became clear that, so to speak, "purely scientific" questions are closely intertwined with moral ones.

Work on this "ill-fated book," as Alexander Alexandrovich himself dubbed it, demanded considerable courage from him. But it was precisely overcoming the fear of ideological elaborations that gave him the strength to get away from the usual stereotypes in his subsequent works, and in last years write one book after another, without thinking about how "passable" pouring out from the pen. The “Knight at the Crossroads” can only be compared by its unusual conclusions with the work on “The Lay ...”, which for a quarter of a century has been a source of methodology for official “slovology”, bashfully silent about what served as its impulse. But if the monograph on the "Word..." is not available to a wide range of researchers, then the fate of the "Vityaz..." is more favorable - it goes to the reader.

There is no historiographic essay in the book, so some important stages in the study of the history of the formation of a unified Russian statehood should be recalled.

Up until the beginning of the 20th century. the main core of the Russian historical process the struggle between the monarchs - the builders of a strong state and the forces opposing them was considered. Such forces, according to the most prominent historian of the XIX century. CM. Solovyov, there were carriers of "ancestral origins" - the boyars, and in later centuries - the Cossacks. Without doubting the necessity and benefit for the people of the sovereign power of the state, Solovyov and his followers asked rather another question: why did Moscow turn out to be the center of the state, the “collector of Rus'”? Various explanations were offered: the convenient location of Moscow on the water trade routes, its remoteness from the Golden Horde and Tatar raids, etc.

Only at the beginning of the XX century. historians began to occupy even more important questions: why the Muscovite state was formed precisely in the 15th century. and to what extent does the political unification of the Russian lands find a parallel in the creation of other centralized states in the same period? On the similarity of a number of institutions of specific Rus' and feudal society in the West, one of the most original researchers in the history of ancient Rus', N.P. Pavlov-Silvansky. He believed that by the XVI century. in Rus', as in the West, “political feudalism” was replaced by estate, and then absolute monarchy. He tried to compare the process of formation of the Moscow state with the formation of national states in the West and M.N. Pokrovsky, but his attempt to declare the Russian autocracy the embodiment of "commercial capitalism" was clearly not supported by the facts. Views of M.N. Pokrovsky were sharply condemned at the behest of Stalin, but the explanation of the formation of Rus', based on analogies with Western European history, has been preserved. In this case, an unfinished draft of an article by F. Engels, entitled “On the Decay of Feudalism and the Emergence of National States,” was used, although F. Engels, explaining the creation Western states in the XV-XVI centuries. strengthening trade ties between individual lands and the union royalty with the urban population, did not at all assert that similar processes were taking place in Russia.

Since the beginning of the 50s, when A.A. Zimin turned to this topic, traditional constructions began to cause more and more doubts. Find signs of the formation of a single market in Rus' in the 15th century. It turned out to be all the more difficult because any significant source material (Scribes) came to us only from the end of the 15th century. Therefore, it was easier to look for the reason for the formation of a single state (as it had already been done before) in foreign policy factors (the danger of an attack by the Golden Horde and other neighbors). Proposed by S.F. Platonov and the scientifically popular explanation of the oprichnina by Ivan the Terrible’s struggle with the princely boyars turned out to be also unconvincing: the policy of the Chosen Rada, to which Grozny opposed his policy, did not reflect the aspirations of the boyars: the lands taken by Grozny into the oprichnina were not at all the lands of the princes.

By discovered weak sides The general concept of the history of the formation of the Muscovite state and its individual links that dominated historiography did not lead to a revision of this concept and new explanations of the processes that took place in Rus' in the 15th-16th centuries. The "progressiveness" of the autocratic state continued to be affirmed and affirmed not only as a historical regularity, but also as a kind of positivity, an absolute good for the country. Moscow turns out to be eternally "more progressive" than Tver or Novgorod, Vasily II - "more progressive" than his rivals - the Galician princes, Ivan the Terrible - "more progressive" than all those whom he punished and destroyed. Expressing this opinion, historians constantly rely on the chronicle tradition that developed in the 16th century, when the autocracy had already won and the ancestors of Ivan IV became the subject of obligatory glorification. Meanwhile, after A.A. Shakhmatov, it is no longer possible to ignore the undeniable partiality of the chroniclers, especially those of the Grand Dukes and Tsars. Moreover, L.V. Tcherepnin showed that the collections of acts that have come down to us are collections of acts collected in Moscow offices, far from complete and rather tendentiously.

Turning to the history of Muscovite Rus', A.A. Zimin revised traditional historiographic views, at first cautiously, then more and more decisively. So, in the monograph “Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible”, he, following S.B. Veselovsky showed the inconclusiveness of the established since the beginning of the 20th century. view of the oprichnina as a reform directed against the princely boyars: the oprichnina terror was directed not so much against the descendants of the specific princes, but against the last specific prince - the cousin of Tsar Vladimir Staritsky, against the subordinate, but still feared Novgorod and the church, which retained some political rights.

Even more radically, both in terms of methodology and conclusions, the historiographical traditions are being revised in The Knight at the Crossroads. This work was written by A.A. Zimin on the basis of a frontal and comprehensive revision of all types of sources that have survived from that distant time - chronicles, acts, coins that carry direct or veiled information about the political life of Russian society in the second quarter of the 15th century. This approach to sources distinguishes the book of A.A. Zimin among the reviews of the same events in the writings of his numerous predecessors.

General concept history of the feudal war of the XV century. original and well substantiated by the author. The traditional notion of the original "progressiveness" of the struggle of Vasily II with rivals - the Galician princes does not find confirmation in the sources. Ivan III's father was not a fighter against feudal fragmentation, and for liberation from Horde yoke. On the contrary, in clashes with Yuri Dmitrievich, and then with Dmitry Shemyaka, Vasily Vasilyevich more than once relied on the help of the Khan, who first ruled the Horde, and then settled on the Middle Volga, and even contributed to the formation of the Kasimov vassal kingdom there. Similar pro-Horde tendencies are not found among the rivals of Vasily II. Yuri Dmitrievich was an outstanding commander who went "far" into the "Tatar lands". In a dispute over the throne of the Grand Duke, he referred to the will of his father, Dmitry Donskoy, and not to the "Tsar's salary", as his opponent.

There is no evidence of the support of Vasily II by the townspeople - during a decisive clash in 1446, merchants supported Dmitry Shemyaka. According to Zimin, the clan of Yury Dmitrievich and Dmitry Shemyaka largely relied on trade and craft settlements, mainly in the North of Russia, on peasant salt workers. It was in the North - in Galich, Vyatka, Ustyug that the salt mining industry developed, there was a free peasantry, and the paths of pre-bourgeois development of Russia were outlined. Vasily II relied on the military service landowners of the central regions of the Moscow Principality - regions that had very little to do with trade and had almost no natural wealth. The victory of the central lands over the North foreshadowed the victory of feudal relations. Vasily II was opposed not by a specific fronde, but by pretenders to power over the whole country, who fought for the legacy of Dmitry Donskoy and gave him their own interpretation.

These are the main conclusions reached by A.A. Zimin in the book offered to the reader. Zimin's concept opposes the dynastic-legitimate point of view that has penetrated into historiography from the official annals, considering the tragic events of the second quarter of the 15th century. from the position of the winner in the feudal war.

Undoubtedly, the concept of A.A. Zimin will be the subject of discussion and controversy more than once. Was it really Yuri Dmitrievich, and then Dmitry Shemyaka, the true heirs of Dmitry Donskoy, who raised the "banner of the fight against the Tatar rapists"? When and how did the idea of Dmitry Donskoy as the embodiment of the idea of national liberation and unification finally take shape in Russian public thought? This question is connected with the broader problem of the prerequisites for the formation of a unified Russian state.

A.A. Zimin showed that geographical position Moscow cannot be considered the reason for the political unification of the Russian lands. But why, after all, did this unification take place, and precisely in the 15th century, when, at the end of the Middle Ages, many other centralized states were taking shape? Zimin noted that the previously dominant idea in Soviet historiography of the "growth of trade relations" as the main prerequisite for unification is based on presumptions borrowed from the history of Western Europe. But if the unification of Rus' was not the result of the development of cities and the union of the Grand Duke of Moscow with them, then what were its real reasons?

The usual reference in deciding this question to the need for protection from external danger can hardly be considered an exhaustive explanation of the unification. After all, threatening Rus' until the 15th century. the external danger was no less than in this century; Why didn't the merger happen sooner? Any attempt to explain why the Vityaz chose precisely given way, requires a comparison of this path with the path of other countries, in other words, a comparative historical study.

The history of the creation of the Russian centralized state was different from the history of the formation of national states in Western Europe. Does it find parallels in the history of Eastern countries - for example, in the history of Ottoman Empire? Contrasting Russian autocracy with European absolutism, G.V. Plekhanov characterized the Muscovite state as "a monarchy of the eastern type." This idea seems to have had a definite influence on Western historiography. Thus, the creator of the theory of "oriental despotism" K. Wittfogel associated the formation of eastern monarchies, to which he included the Muscovite state, with the need to influence nature on a large scale, in particular with irrigation and melioration. But this explanation cannot claim to be universal and, in any case, is hardly applicable to Russian history.

In Soviet historiography, however, the same ideas about the formation of a unified Russian statehood still dominate as in the 1950s: in the haze of patriotic romanticism, medieval Rus' imperceptibly merges with European countries. Therefore, the problem of "The Knight at the Crossroads", one of the most important problems of Russian history, will keep historians busy for a long time before it is finally resolved. And a milestone on the way to its resolution will be the book of A.A. Zimin with his characteristic creative method an organic combination of analysis and synthesis, the desire not only to explore the problem, but also to give the reader a coherent narrative about the events and people of that turbulent and complex era. Our sources provide very little material for psychological characteristics, but Zimin always persistently sought to overcome this shortcoming. Perhaps, in the "Vityaz ..." he succeeded, like nowhere else.

Something else needs to be said about the language of the book. Works by A.A. Zimin, especially of the 70s, is characterized by an emotional style of presentation, combined with a calm tone ascending to the annalistic manner. Completely devoid of false scientism, stereotyped "scientific" jargon, the language of the "Vityaz ..." is pure and transparent, does not put a barrier between the book and the reader. Trud A.A. Zimina is addressed to an inquisitive reader, interlocutor and opponent, with the hope that he can think as outside the box as the author.

It is amazing that a book written 10 years ago is not out of date even in the early 90s. The intuition of the scientist is ahead of time correct, his voice is in tune with the moods of our society, which has realized that history does not exist without people, that social knowledge is not axiomatic, and requires a vivid and truthful story from historical science, which does not straighten historical reality for the sake of one formula or another. A.A. Zimin characterized in the introduction to it as “a link in the chain of efforts of many generations of domestic and foreign scientists who spared no effort in the study Russian history", and expressed "filial gratitude" to his predecessors. The chain continues, and subsequent historians with the same "filial gratitude" remember and will remember one of the most tireless and gifted workers in this field - Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin.

When preparing the manuscript for publication, of course, the literature published after the death of the author was not taken into account. The only digression is the translation of references to Sigismund Herberstein and Athanasius Nikitin to the latest editions. In addition, the links to the Ustyug annals, included in the 37th volume, have been translated. Complete collection Russian chronicles, and demarcated references to the Sofia I chronicle (Balzer list) and the Sofia I chronicle according to the Tsarsky list, placed in the 5th volume of the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles in parallel. Some factual inaccuracies were eliminated and the scientific reference apparatus was checked.

The manuscript was prepared for publication by V.G. Zimina and Ya.S. Lurie with the participation of V.B. Kobrin and A.L. Khoroshkevich. Index compiled by K.V. Baranov.

V.B. Kobrin, Ya.S. Lurie, A.L. Khoroshkevich

The compilers of the book consider it their duty with deep gratitude to note the truly selfless activity of Vladimir Borisovich Kobrin (1930-1990) in publishing the creative heritage of his Teacher - A.A. Zimin.

List of works by A.A. Zimin (compiled by A.L. Khoroshkevich) see: Archeographic Yearbook. 1980. M., 1981. S. 274-284. See also: Kashtanov S.M. Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin (1920-1980) // Ibid. pp. 357-358; He is. Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin - researcher and teacher // History of the USSR. 1980. No. 6. S. 152-157; Kobrin V.B. Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin. Scientist. Man // Historical Notes. 1980. T. 105; He is. The latest works on the process of centralization of the Russian state // Russia on the ways of centralization. M., 1982. S. 256-269; He is. A.A. Zimin // Motherland. 1990. No. 8. S. 83-84; Lurie Ya.S. About A.A. Zimine - source and textologist // Auxiliary historical disciplines. Sat. XIII. L., 1982. S. 328-331; Ovchinnikov R.V. On the historiography of the Peasant War of the early 15th century. // Russia on the way of centralization. pp. 273-280; Ermolaev I.P., Litvin A.L. New Soviet historiography about the Middle Volga region of the 16th century. // There; Paneyakh V.M. Auxiliary historical disciplines in the scientific heritage of A.A. Zimina // Auxiliary historical disciplines. Sat. XIV. L., 1983. S. 107-135; Khoroshkevich A.L. In memory of Alexander Alexandrovich Zimin // Historiographic collection. Issue. XI. Saratov, 1983; Controversial issues of national history of the XI-XVIII centuries. Abstracts of reports and messages of the first readings, dedicated to the memory A.A. Zimin. M., May 13-18, 1990. M., 1990; Alef G. Alexander Aleksandrowich Zimin (1920-1980) // Slavic Review. 1980. V. 39. N 2. R. 363-364; Waugh D.Cl. Alexander Aleksandrovich Zimin (1920-1980) // The Russian Review. 1980. V. 39. N 3. R. 390-392; Russ H. Alexander Aleksandrowich Zimin (1920-1980) // Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas. 1980. Bd 28. Ilf. 3. S. 479-480; Kleimola A.M. In Memory of A.A. Zimin (1920-1980) // Soviet Sludies in History. 1981.V.XX. No. 2; Vodoff Wl. A.A. Zimin (1920-1980) // Revue des Etudes slaves. 1981.V.LIII. No. 4. P. 627-631; Keenan E.A.A. Zimin (1920-1980) // Kritika. 1980. V. XVI. N 1. P. 1-4; Vuletich V.A.A. Zimin // Collection for Slavonics. T. 20. Matitsa srpska. 1981. S. 196-197; Essays in Honor A.A. Zimin. Ohio, 1985.

For more details, see: Kobrin V.B. Under the pressure of ideology // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1990. No. 12. S. 25-40.

For more details, see: Khoroshkevich A.L. "Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible" A.A. Zimina // Zimin A.A. Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible. Ed. 2. add. and correct. M., 1992.

Finding freedom // Motherland. 1990. No. 8. S. 88.

See: Marx K., Engels F. Soch. T. 21. S. 406-416. Compare: Pavlova-Silvanskaya M.P. On the issue of the features of feudalism in Russia // History of the USSR. 1968. No. 4. S. 78.

See: Plekhanov G.V. History of Russian social thought. M., 1914. S. 191.

Wittfogel K.A. Oriental Despotism. New Haven, 1957. Cp.: Baron S. Feudalism or the Asiatic Mode of Production // Windows on the Russian Past. Columbus, 1977.

ZIMIN Alexander Alexandrovich (February 22, 1920, Moscow - February 25, 1980, ibid.), Russian historian, archaeologist. He studied at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University (1938-41), completed his education in the Central Asian state university in Tashkent (1942). Student of S. V. Bakhrushin. In 1942-80 at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1968 the Institute of History of the USSR of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR), since 1951 he was a senior researcher. At the same time, in 1947-73, he taught at the Moscow State Institute of History and Archives (professor since 1970), as well as at Moscow State University (1951/52) and at the Moscow State pedagogical institute named after V. I. Lenin (1967/68). In 1956-80 he was a member of the Archeographic Commission.

He combined intensive searches and publication of new archival documents with multifaceted research activities and the development of the theory and methodology of archeographic work. Prepared paperwork for printing internal management economy of the Joseph-Volokolamsk (Joseph-Volotsk) monastery (“The Book of Keys and the Debt Book of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery”, 1948; together with M.N. Tikhomirov), acts of the same monastery (“Acts of feudal land tenure and economy”, part 2, 1956). He published the most important monuments of the history of the military service class during the reign of Ivan IV Vasilyevich the Terrible (“The Thousand Book of 1550 and the Yard Notebook of the 50s of the 16th century”, 1950); documents on the history of the central administration of the Time of Troubles - account books of the Discharge Order with information about the Bolotnikov uprising of 1606-07 (1953, together with R. G. Koroleva), on the history of reforming local government (lip charters of the 16th century, 1956), as well as historical monuments social thought - the works of I. S. Peresvetov (1956), the messages of Joseph Volotsky (1959, together with Ya. S. Lurie), etc. He also published chronicles: brief chroniclers of the 16th century (1950), the Trinity list of the Novgorod 1st chronicle ( 1950, together with A.N. Nasonov), the Joasaph Chronicle (1957, together with S.A. Levina). Reconstructed and published with comments the inventory of the Tsar's archive of Ivan the Terrible (" State Archive Russia of the 16th century: Experience of reconstruction”, issues 1-3, 1978). In the late 1970s, he completed a long-term study of Russian Pravda against the backdrop of socio-economic processes in the Russian state, recreated and substantiated the archetypes of its main editions (Pravda Russkaya, 1999). Participated in the preparation for publication of the historiographic heritage of S. V. Bakhrushin (volumes 1-4, 1952-59), the works of V. O. Klyuchevsky (volumes 1-8, 1956-59).

One of the main directions research work Zimina - socio-political history of Russia in the 15th - early 17th centuries. He recreated a picture of the clash of different views in Russian social thought in the middle of the 16th century (“I. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries”, 1958). Studied the folding system in detail public institutions 16th century, their composition, main directions and the course of reforms of the Chosen Rada, developed the concept of S.V. Bakhrushin about it as a "government of compromise" ("Reforms of Ivan the Terrible", 1960). In contrast to the assessments of the oprichnina that prevailed in Soviet historiography of the 1940s and early 1950s as the struggle of the “progressive nobility” against the “reactionary boyars”, and also in contrast to the tendency that emerged from the mid-1950s to present the oprichnina as a senseless policy of the mentally ill tsar, Zimin interpreted it as an instrument of autocratic power in the struggle against various manifestations of feudal separatism (“Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible”, 1964).

He traced the post-oprichne policy of Ivan the Terrible, changes in the composition of the Sovereign's court, events during the reign of tsars Fyodor Ivanovich and Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (“On the Eve of Terrible Upheavals: Prerequisites for the First Peasant War in Russia”, 1986). He showed the main trends in the development of the Russian state under the Grand Dukes of Moscow Ivan III Vasilyevich and Vasily III Ivanovich["Russia at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries (Essays on socio-political history)", 1982; "Russia on the threshold of a new time", 1972]. He studied in detail the events of the Moscow strife of 1425-53 (“The Knight at the Crossroads: Feudal War in Russia in the 15th century”, 1991). In the victory of the Moscow princes over the Galician princes, he saw negative consequences, expressed in the strengthening of despotic power and the elimination of political freedoms. The emergence and evolution of servility was dedicated to the book “Kholopy in Rus' from ancient times to the end of the 15th century.” (1973), believed that the role of servility in the social life of Ancient Rus' was underestimated and underestimated.

In a study (first fully published in 2006) dedicated to The Tale of Igor's Campaign, he tried to prove the secondary nature of the text of this monument in relation to the Zadonshchina and the Ipatiev Chronicle, put forward a hypothesis about the late (18th century) origin of the Lay ... . During a closed discussion of the manuscript in the Department of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1964), Zimin's position was sharply criticized by many scientists.

He contributed to the resumption of research in the field of genealogy and diplomacy, which in the 1920s and early 1950s were condemned as "noble" and "bourgeois" areas of science. He traced the genealogy of a number of princely and boyar families of the 14th-16th centuries (“Formation of the boyar aristocracy in Russia in the second half of the 15th - first third of the 16th century”, 1988).

In the 1970s, Zimin turned to the historical and philosophical problems of the Russian past, including the problem of power - personality - society. He put forward the theory of long-term coexistence in the history of Russia not only of two cultures, but of two civilizations - peasant and noble ("On books, theater, cinema and other things", published in the journal "Otechestvennaya istoriya", 2002, No. 1). Some of Zimin's memoirs are published in the book “A.A. Zimin" (2005). Most of his historical-philosophical, historiographic and memoir-journalistic writings, diaries have not been published (located in a private archive).

Since 1990, scientific Ziminsky readings have been held at the RSUH.

Lit.: Essays in honor of A. A. Zimin / Ed. By D.C. Waugh. Columbus, 1985; A. A. Zimin. Bio-bibliographic index. M., 2000; Kashtanov S. M., Chernobaev A. A. Zimin A. A. // Historians of Russia. Biographies. M., 2001.

Year. In the same year he entered the graduate school of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences (supervisor - Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S. V. Bakhrushin).

Proceedings

A characteristic feature of the work of Alexander Alexandrovich was the combination of the search for new archival documents with research activities and the development of the theory and methodology of source study and other special disciplines. Peru Zimin owns 14 monographs (half published posthumously) devoted to the problems of the socio-political history of Russia, the history of social thought, issues of historiography and source studies.

Zimin made a significant contribution to the source study of the history of the Church. The scientist published a number of ancient Russian works related to early period Christianity in Rus', for example. "Memory and praise of Jacob Mnich and the Life of Prince Vladimir according to the most ancient list". He prepared for printing office materials of the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery, a number of documents in the publishing house: “Acts of Feudal Land Ownership and Economy” (M., 1956. Part 2). In initiated by Zimin and published by him, Ser. “Monuments of Russian Law” (1952. Issue 1; 1953. Issue 2; 1955. Issue 3; 1956. Issue 4; 1959. Issue 5) a significant number of church legal acts were published: Charters equal to ap. book. Vladimir Svyatoslavich and Prince. Yaroslav Vladimirovich (PRP. 1952. Issue 1), Charter of St. book. Rostislav Mstislavich 1137-1150 as amended in 1150, letters Novgorod princes 12th century to the villages and lands of the Novgorod Yuriev, Panteleimonov and Anthony the Roman monasteries (Ibid. 1953. Issue 2).

Zimin researched the history of " short meeting» khan’s labels, including those defining the relationship between the Russian Church and the Mongolian authorities (PRP. 1955. Issue 3), clarified the dating of individual documents and the entire collection. Together with ed. “Acts of the socio-economic history of North-Eastern Rus', con. XIV - beginning. 16th century." (M., 1952-1964. 3 vols.) These publications formed a solid foundation for studying the medieval period in the history of the Russian Church. Zimin was the editor and compiler of many other collections historical documents, accompanied by his articles and commentaries.

The publication of sources led Zimin to develop a number of issues of diplomacy and genealogy, including in the field of church history. Peru of the researcher owns numerous source studies articles, including those devoted to church documents: “Act fakes of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery of the 80s. 16th century" , “Correspondence of the Elders of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery with Vasily III”, “An extract on the second marriage Basil III”and others. In 1963, Zimin prepared for publication a chronological list of acts from the archive of the Suzdal Savior and Euthymius Monastery, on the basis of this list, in 1998, letters of the monastery for 1506-1608 were published; in the last years of his life, Zimin turned to the study of letters of commendation from the Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery. Zimin actively used the method of genealogical analysis when commenting on acts, studying the princely and boyar aristocracy, monasticism, deaconship, and other social strata of Russian medieval society. In the beginning. In the 1950s, Zimin taught a diplomacy course at the Historical and Archival Institute, introduced S. M. Kashtanov to its study.

General issues of church history were not within the scope of Zimin's scientific interests, which did not prevent him from exploring certain aspects of church life in many articles and monographs, mainly in the 16th century. Remaining within the framework of Soviet historical terminology, Zimin in his works managed to draw a wide canvas of the political and spiritual life of Russia; the comprehensive use of scientific literature and sources gives pl. his observations are fundamental. Throughout scientific activity in the field of Zimin's attention were issues related to the history of the Joseph-Volotsky Monastery. Cand. the dissertation (6 volumes of text and appendices) was written by the scientist on the basis of handwritten materials from five archival repositories of the country, as well as on the two household books of the monastery saved by Zimin. In a monograph dedicated to the Volokolamsk Monastery (Large feudal patrimony, 1977), Zimin for the first time considered the main composition of the contributors, brethren, servants and “children” of the monastery from the v. sp. their social origin, which largely influenced the position of the spiritual corporation both in political life and in the ideological struggle. Zimin described in detail the life and work of St. Joseph Volotsky, the scientist supplemented the history of the construction of the Volokolamsky Monastery with an analysis of two editions of the cenobitic charter drawn up by St. Joseph. The transition of the Volokolamsk monastery under the patronage of led. book. Basil III Ioannovich, as the historian believed, led to the formulation of St. Joseph of principle: "The king ... in power ... is like the highest God". Entered into the ceremony of crowning the kingdom, this formulation formed the basis of the ideology of autocracy, as Zimin showed in the monograph “I. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries” on the example of Met. Macarius, disciple of St. Joseph. In the same work, the historian cited exhaustive biographies of St. Cathedral of the Annunciation in the Moscow Kremlin Sylvester and his son Anfim. Together with Ya. S. Lurie, Zimin published the “Messages of Joseph Volotsky” (M.; L., 1959). In connection with the study of the history of the Volokolamsk Monastery, Zimin wrote articles on the disputes between the Josephites and non-possessors (“The conversation of the Valaam wonderworkers” as a monument of late non-possessiveness // TODRL. 1955. V. 11. P. 198-208; Source study problems of the history of early non-possessiveness // Questions historiography and source studies, Kaz., 1974, pp. 87-103 (UZ of the Kazan Pedagogical Institute; Issue 121), etc.). In the monographs "Oprichnina Ivan the Terrible" (M., 1964) and "Russia on the Threshold of the New Age: (Essays on the Political History of Russia in the 1st third of the 16th century)" (M., 1972), a description is given of participation in the state. administration of the Metropolitan Daniel. Zimin devoted a separate article to the attitude towards the oprichnina of Metropolitan. Philip (Kolychev) (Metropolitan Philip and Oprichnina // VIRA. 1962. T. 11. S. 269-292). In 1968, Zimin's work was published, dedicated to the struggle of the nobility with monastic land ownership in the con. XVI - beginning. 17th century (From the history of Tataria. Kaz., 1968. Sat. 3. S. 109-124. (UZ Kazan Ped. Institute; Issue 52)).

One of the topics actively developed by the scientist was the history of heretical ("reformation-humanistic", according to the historian's wording) movements in Russia in the 15th-16th centuries. In 1963, Zimin made a summary report on this topic at the V International Congress of Slavists (Main Problems of the Reformation-Humanist Movement in Russia in the XIV-XVI centuries. // History, folklore, art of the Slavic peoples: V International Congress of Slavists (Sofia, Sept. 1963 ): Reports of the Soviet delegation, Moscow, 1963, pp. 91-119). In Art. "Antique motifs in Russian journalism of the end of the 15th century." (Feudal Russia in the world-historical process. M., 1972. S. 128-138) and in the monograph "Russia at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries." (M., 1982) the historian wrote about the connection between the views of the Judaizing heretics and the ancient heritage. The views of heretics ser. 16th century M. Bashkin, Theodosius Kosoy, as well as the “case” of the Trinity elder Artemy are discussed in detail in the book. "AND. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries.

Zimin took part in the publication of the first collective monograph in the Soviet period on the history of the Russian Church: "The Church in the History of Russia (IX century - 1917): Critical essays" (M., 1967. S. 110-125, 145-161 (Ch. 7: “The Struggle for the Subordination of the Church to the State. The Establishment of the Patriarchate” (together with V. I. Koretsky); ch. 9: “Church Reform and Schism” (together with A. M. Sakharov and E. F. Greculom)).The historian co-authored other collective scientific papers: "History of Moscow" (M., 1952. Vol. 1), "Essays on the history of the USSR: The period of feudalism (late XV - early XVI century)" (M., 1955), " The World History”(M., 1958. Vol. 4), “History of the USSR from ancient times to the present day” (M., 1966. Vol. 2). Zimin was the editor and compiler of the collected works of V. O. Klyuchevsky (Klyuchevsky V. O. Collected works: In 8 vols. . Alexandrov); He. Unpublished works. M., 1983 (compiled and commented jointly with R. A. Kireeva)).

Zimin is the author of the concept of the late (1780s) origin of The Tale of Igor's Campaign (see Zimin's monograph: The Tale of Igor's Campaign. M., 2006). The historian argued that the "Word ..." is secondary to the "Zadonshchina" (a monument of the late XIV or XV centuries), he considered the author of the "Word ..." archim. Yaroslavl Transfiguration Monastery of Joel (Bykovsky). This theory at the time of its appearance was met with sharp criticism and was later not accepted by the scientific community.

The scientist's archive is kept by his widow V. G. Zimina.

Collections of articles are dedicated to the memory of Zimin: "Russia on the Ways of Centralization" (M., 1982; published without a printed dedication) and "Essays in Honor of A. A. Zimin" (Columbus (Ohio), 1985), a number of scientific works of his colleagues and students. On May 13-18, 1990, the first readings in memory of Zimin were held at the Moscow Historical and Archival Institute (public abstracts: Controversial issues of Russian history of the XI-XVIII centuries: Abstracts of reports and reports. M., 1990. 2nd issue. ). Soon, the readings became regular (publication of abstracts and reports: Russia in the X-XVIII centuries: Problems of history and source studies: Abstracts of reports and reports of the II thurs. in memory of A. A. Zimin. M., 1995. 2 hours, Russia in the IX-XX centuries: [Collection of articles and theses of reports II Thursday, dedicated to the memory of Zimin]. M., 1999; Historian in time: III Zimin readings: Reports and reports scientific Conf. M., 2000; IV readings in memory of Doctor of Historical Sciences A. A. Zimin: Abstracts of reports Moscow, April 19-22, 2005. M., 2005. 2 hours).

Compositions

On the political doctrine of Joseph Volotsky". TODRL. T. 9. 1953. S. 159-177;
Reforms of Ivan the Terrible: Essays on social-economics. and polit. history of Russia ser. 16th century M., 1960;
Metropolitan Philip and Oprichnina // VIRA. 1962. T. 11. S. 269-292
Serfs in Rus': (From ancient times to the end of the 15th century). M., 1973;
From the history of the collection of manuscript books of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. Zap. OR GBL. Issue. 38. M., 1977. S. 15-29
State Archive of Russia XVI century: Experience of reconstruction. M., 1978;
Deposit and note books of the Volokolamsk monastery of the 16th century. (From the history of feudal Russia: Articles and essays on the 70th anniversary of the birth of Prof. V. V. Mavrodin. L., 1978. S. 77-84)
Russia in the time of Ivan the Terrible. M., 1982 (with A. L. Khoroshkevich);
On the eve of formidable upheavals: Background of the first peasant war in Russia. M., 1986;
Formation of the boyar aristocracy in Russia in the 2nd half. XV - 1st third of the XVI century. M., 1988;
The Knight at the Crossroads: Feudal War in Russia in the 15th century. M., 1991;
True Russian. M., 1999; Oprichnina. M., 2001.
"The Tale of Igor's Campaign". M., 2006

Literature

Kashtanov S. M. A. A. Zimin - researcher and teacher // History of the USSR. 1980. No. 6. S. 152-157;
Lurie Ya. S. About A. A. Zimin - a source and textual critic // VID. 1982. Issue. 13. S. 329-331;
he is. From resp. about A. A. Zimin // Odysseus: Man in history, 1993. M., 1994. S. 194-208;
Paneyakh V. M. Auxiliary scientific. disciplines in scientific heritage of A. A. Zimin // VID. 1983. Issue. 14. S. 107-135;
Khoroshkevich A.L. In memory of A.A. Zimin // Historiographic collection. Saratov, 1983. Issue. 10. S. 107-122;
Waugh D. C. A. A. Zimin's Study of the Sources for Medieval and Early Modern Russian History // Essays in Honor of A. A. Zimin / Ed. D. C. Waugh. Columbus (Ohio), 1985. P. 1-58;
Kobrin V. B. To whom are you dangerous, historian? M., 1992. S. 177-180, 187-191;
he is. A. A. Zimin: A scientist. Man // East. science in Russia in the XX century. M., 1997. S. 353-368;
Buganov V. I. A. A. Zimin on social movements in the feud. Russia // OI. 1995. No. 4. S. 153-158;
Kireeva R. A. From the history of the Soviet ist. science con. 1940s: The first veto in scientific. life of A. A. Zimin // AE for 1993. M., 1995. S. 222-228;
A. A. Zimin: [Coll.] / Comp.: V. G. Zimina, L. N. Prostovolosova. M., 2005.
Khoroshkevich A. L. List of printed works of A. A. Zimin: // AE for 1980. M., 1981. S. 274-284;
Bibliography tr. A. A. Zimina: / Comp.: J. Afferica // Essays in Honor of A. A. Zimin. Columbus (Ohio), 1985. P. 59-88;
Gulchinsky V. I. A. A. Zimin: Biobibliogr. decree. M., 2000.

Used materials

A. L. Khoroshkevich. "Zimin Alexander Alexandrovich" // Orthodox Encyclopedia, T. 20, S. 139-142

Partially ed.: Large feudal patrimony and social-political. wrestling in Russia (end of the 15th-16th centuries). M., 1977

Published: I. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries: Essays on the history of Russian. social-polit. thoughts ser. 16th century M., 1958

CISS. 1963. Issue. 37. S. 66-75

The Book of Keys and the Debt Book of the Joseph-Volokolamsky Monastery of the 16th century. M.; L., 1948; joint with M. N. Tikhomirov

The Thousand Book of 1550 and the Yard Notebook of the 50s. 16th century M.; L., 1950; Trinity List of the Novgorod First Chronicle // Novgorod First Chronicle of the Senior and Junior Editions. M.; L., 1950. S. 510-561 (with A. N. Nasonov); Peresvetov I. S. Op. M.; L., 1956; Joasaph Chronicle. M., 1957; PSRL. T. 29. S. 3-116; The first message of Kurbsky to Ivan the Terrible // Correspondence of Ivan the Terrible with Andrei Kurbsky / Text prepared by: Ya. S. Lurie, Yu. D. Rykov. M., 1981. S. 7-9, 352-355; The legend of the Mamaev battle: Osn. ed. according to the Ermolaevsky list // Monuments of the Kulikovo cycle / Ch. Ed.: B. A. Rybakov, V. A. Kuchkin. SPb., 1998. S. 223-250, etc.

Issues of socio-economic history and source studies of the period of feudalism in Russia: Sat. Art. to the 70th anniversary of A. A. Novoselsky. M., 1961. S. 247-251

Linguist. source study. M., 1963. S. 131-135

TODRL. 1976. T. 30. S. 132-148

Family

Mother came from the family of Counts Kamensky. The father died before the birth of his son from typhus (1919). The boy was raised by his stepfather, a dentist.

Education

He graduated from the historical and philological faculty of the Central Asian University (1942, in 1938-1941 he studied at the historical faculty of Moscow State University), postgraduate studies at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1947. Candidate historical sciences(1947, dissertation on land ownership and economy of the Joseph-Volokolamsk monastery at the end of the XV - early XVIII centuries). Doctor of Historical Sciences (1959, "I. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries"), professor (1970).

Scientific and pedagogical activity

Since 1947 - junior researcher, since 1951 - senior researcher at the Institute of History (later - the Institute of History of the USSR) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

From 1947 to 1972, at the same time, he taught at the Moscow State Institute of History and Archives: senior lecturer (1947-1950), associate professor (1950-1970), professor (1970-1973).

Specialist in the field of Russian history from the 11th to the 18th centuries. Author of numerous fundamental works on the socio-political history of the country. Specialist in the history of social thought in Russia, issues of historiography and source studies. Founder of the scientific school.

At the end of his life, he worked on memoirs and the historical and genealogical study "Twilight and Hope", dedicated to the family of the Counts Kamensky and their offspring.

Historical views of the scientist

In recent works, he came to the conclusion that the process of centralization in medieval Rus' was contradictory. Recognizing the historical regularity of centralization and its positive aspects, he drew attention to the grave consequences of the growth of autocracy, which suppressed the freedom-loving aspirations of the people, and eliminated political freedoms. He moved away from the "pro-Moscow" interpretation of the course and results of the dynastic struggle in Rus'. He was inclined to consider the Galician princes who participated in the feudal war of the 15th century as carriers of a certain progressive beginning, as representatives of some kind of democratic freemen, who were backed by a population that had not yet submitted to the dictates of Moscow, for example, the inhabitants of the Vyatka land.

Version of the origin of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"

Zimin is the author of the concept about the time of creation of The Tale of Igor's Campaign and its author, according to which this work was written in the 80s of the 18th century. Russian spiritual writer Archimandrite Joel (Bykovsky) and is an outstanding imitation of a monument of ancient Russian literature. He believed that the work at that time responded to current political problems and could be perceived as "a call for the annexation of Crimea and the victorious end of the Russian-Turkish war." According to Zimin, the sources of The Tale of Igor's Campaign were Zadonshchina, Russian chronicles (mainly Ipatiev), monuments of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian folklore. Zimin's version is based on his interpretation of the textological problem of the correlation between the "short" and "lengthy" editions of the Zadonshchina, which he developed in detail over many years.

He outlined his concept in the book “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”. Sources, time of writing, author”, published by rotaprint with an edition of 101 copies. and distributed (with the condition of return) to the participants in the discussion held in the Department of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences on May 4-6, 1964. Most of the participants in the discussion did not agree with Zimin's point of view, and his work was never published, which was due to an administrative ban, moreover, that a number of Zimin's opponents believed that his research was of a serious reasoned nature and had the right to be published. Until the end of his life, he continued to adhere to his point of view, clarifying and supplementing the text of the manuscript. Partially, Zimin's point of view is set forth in his articles on the Tale of Igor's Campaign. The final version of A. A. Zimin's book about "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (doubled in comparison with the rotaprint edition) was published only in 2006 with a circulation of 800 copies.

Evaluation of scientific activity

Major writings

I. S. Peresvetov and his contemporaries. Essays on the history of Russian social and political thought in the middle of the XVI century. M., 1958;
Methods of publishing ancient Russian acts. M., 1959;
Russian chronicles and chronographs of the late XV-XVI centuries. Tutorial. M., 1960;
Reforms of Ivan the Terrible: Essays on the socio-economic history of Russia in the middle of the 16th century. M., 1960;
Legislative monuments of the Russian state of the late XV - early XVII centuries. Tutorial. M., 1961;
Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible. M., 1964 (second edition, corrected and supplemented, under the title "Oprichnina". M., 2001);
Russia on the threshold of a new time: Essays on the political history of Russia in the first third of the 16th century. M., 1972;
Serfs in Rus' (from ancient times to the end of the 15th century). M., 1973;
From the historiography of Soviet source studies (“Russian Truth” in the writings of S. V. Yushkov).// In the book: Problems of the history of social thought and historiography. M., 1976.-S.275-282.
Large feudal patrimony and socio-political struggle in Russia (end of the 15th-16th centuries). M., 1977;

Posthumous publications

Zimin A. A., Khoroshkevich A. L. Russia in the time of Ivan the Terrible / Ed. ed. corresponding member Academy of Sciences of the USSR V. T. Pashuto. - M.: Nauka, 1982. - 185 p. - (From the history of our Motherland). - 100,000 copies.
Formation of the boyar aristocracy in Russia in the second half of the 15th - the first third of the 16th century. M.: Nauka, 1988, 350 p.;
A word about Igor's regiment. - St. Petersburg: "Dmitry Bulanin", 2006. - 516 pages. ISBN 5-86007-471-9.