Literary and musical composition dedicated to the memory of poets who died in the war. Poems of poets who died at the front What the dead poets say

The poets who died in the Great Patriotic War were in honor and fashion in the 1960s. Their names were carved on memorial plaque in the Central House of Writers, their poems were read there on May 9 ... And this was not only official recognition. Collector and keeper of the underground Konstantin Kuzminsky wrote: “The generation of the dead has become a symbol of our time. Kogan, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Nikolai Otrada - three graduates of the Literary Institute died in the first two months of the war.

But someone else's glory (even if dead!) is unbearable for someone. And now Stanislav Kunyaev is smashing the poets, united by him in the "Ifli brotherhood" - Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchinsky, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Nikolai Mayorov, Nikolai Otrada ... He smashes them for bookishness and for romance, for maximalism and for internationalism, for frivolous attitude to death and for the calculations on communism "with the essential epithet "military".

And somehow it turns out from Kunyaev that these “Iflians” are not exactly all Jews, at least not from peasants. And so, not knowing love for " small homeland”, are far from the popular idea of ​​war. Is it true, " Jewish question” is not openly indicated, but readers who are knowledgeable in literary “parties” understand everything. In addition, a poem by Boris Slutsky has just been published: "Jews are dashing people, / They are bad soldiers: / Ivan fights in a trench, / Abram trades in a worker's office..."("New World", 1987, No. 10) - a response to attacks in the spirit of Kunyaev.

However, when these poets lived and worked, there were no Jews in the Soviet Union. The Jews were Russian - both in terms of self-perception and in relation to them. Only much later did Alexander Galich make a Jew out of Pavel Kogan - in Requiem for the Unkilled (1967), about the Six Day War. There he stigmatizes the "handsome, fascist fosterling" - Egyptian President Nasser, undeservedly crowned with the star of the Hero Soviet Union: “It must be with Pavlik Kogan / You ran into the attack together, / And next to you near Vyborg / Aron Kopshtein was killed ...”

Work in the degree of romance

"Bookish romanticism" was indeed present in their "picture of the world". However, if you keep Nikolai Gumilyov as a book romantic, whose poetry Kogan idolized (see his poem “To the Poet”, 1937). In Gumilyov's poems, it is worth looking for the origins of the famous "Brigantine" (Kogan composed this song together with Georgy Lepsky in the same 1937) - and filibusters, and adventurers, and other romance.

It is then that romance will be reduced to agitation and propaganda. And then she was taken seriously. "Romance is a future war where we will win", - said their peer critic Mikhail Molochko, who died in 1940 in the snows of Karelia. "Working in the degree of romance - that's what communism is!"- Mikhail Kulchitsky brilliantly accurately determined.

Bagritsky's happiness that he died in 1934, otherwise they would have been imprisoned, as his widow, Lydia Suok, was imprisoned in 1937 (she courageously protested against the arrest of the poet Vladimir Narbut). Or, a more probable option, he would have completely turned ugly (as, for example, Nikolai Tikhonov).

Alexander Galich, who wrote Soviet-romantic plays in those same years, will wake up two decades later: his “Farewell to the Guitar” (1964-1966) is a belated parting with the illusions of youth: “Romance, romance / Heavenly colors! / Simple grammar / Unbeaten schoolchildren ". But his friends "unbeaten students", paid for romance with their own death, and it's probably worth something ...

Young poets took poetry very seriously. Planted then, like potatoes, socialist realism annoyed them immensely. “Art is now moving horizontally. It's bittersweet"(Kogan). “Poems should be written now like this: “Forward! Hooray! Red Dawn!!!" I can’t write like that, God knows” (Kulchitsky). Their aesthetic attitudes also entered into an argument with Pasternak's “and here art ends, and the soil and fate breathe”. "Art begins here, and words end here", - Kogan corrected with pressure.

Kulchitsky lost the option of choosing between poetry and communism:

But if
someone told me:
burn the poems
communism will begin
I would only third
said nothing...
And then I would take
and wrote -
so-o-o...

The Most Such (1941)

Their direct mentors in poetry were constructivists - Ilya Selvinsky, Vladimir Lugovskoy, Eduard Bagritsky and, of course, Ilya Ehrenburg. Perhaps constructivism, with its goals of "local semantics," taught them something in the field of poetic technique. The constructivists, these "Soviet Westernizers", were faithful servants of the regime. But, as if in compensation, they cultivated complex, refined forms of poetry. The young poets learned the lessons of the constructivists well - first of all, the "Georgianization of the word", that is, briefly, concisely, in a small way - a lot, in a point - everything.

We lie down, where to lie down,
And there is no getting up, where to lie down.
Choking on the "Internationale"
Fall face down on dried herbs
And do not get up, and do not get into the annals,
And even the dead cannot find glory.

Pavel Kogan, 1941

Dashing prowess, the beauty of a sharp (hooligan) gesture, plus the energy strength of passionaries moving forward “even contrary to the instinct of self-preservation” (Lev Gumilyov), determined this generation:

Like cigarette butts we'll stomp it
We are the cheeky boys
unprecedented revolution.
At ten - dreamers,
At fourteen - poets and urks,
At twenty-five
brought into mortal relations.
My generation

it's teeth squeeze and work,
My generation

Take these bullets and collapse.

Pavel Kogan, 1940

The famous "Thunderstorm" by Pavel Kogan ended with the lines: “Since childhood I have not liked the oval, / since childhood I have drawn an angle”(1936). His younger brother Naum Korzhavin will jealously answer in 1944 for two years already as the deceased Kogan: “As you can see, God did not call me. / And did not provide refined taste. / I have loved the oval since childhood / because it is so complete”... These two variations on the same theme show how the passionary differs from all the others.

The most attractive source of historical aesthetics for them was the Civil War: with its recklessness, some kind of wild scope, despair and disastrous beauty of stoicism. Shchors, Kotovsky became their heroes:

... I praise Kotovsky's mind,
Which one hour before the execution
Its body is faceted
He tortured me with Japanese gymnastics.

Mikhail Kulchitsky, 1939

Charm civil war lasted long enough, and even " sentimental march» Bulat Okudzhava (1957) was not yet his last flight.

Darkness. Deaf. Darkness

And least of all, these boys looked like poster square “homo sovieticus”, which will be zealously branded in the post-Soviet era. They felt: the era clearly wanted something, expected something from them, but it was difficult to understand what exactly. A frequent state and a word in verse is anxiety.

In the field of darkness, in the field of horror -
Autumn over Russia.
I rise. fit
To dark blue windows.
Darkness. Deaf. Darkness. Silence.
Old anxiety.
teach me to carry
Courage on the road
Darkness. Deaf...

Pavel Kogan, 1937

In this gloomy dance of gypsies - all Russian melancholy and all Russian metaphysics. (In pandan, by the way, and "Night conversation in the dining car" by Alexander Galich, 1968.)

Another key state and word is "confused". Kogan refers to his "loud era": “Forgive me the frondier manners, and everything that I confused, forgive me” (1937). “We ourselves, not unraveling in the beginnings, did fleeting things”(1937). In The Last Third, an unfinished novel in verse, he writes:

But how confused we are. As soon as
We were overboard.
How they suffered. Like a mind for a mind
Like views of a thousand varieties.
How we were carried to strangers ...

Who are "outsiders"? And what did Mikhail Kulchitsky mean when he admitted: “I hit the link both Nietzsche and the Fronde”?

At least one thing is clear: for some time they were in ontological instability, in nervous uncertainty. And this is different from the previous generation. Indicative in this sense is the dialogue between Vsevolod Bagritsky and his father, Eduard Bagritsky. In the poem “TVS” (1929), the poet, Bagritsky Sr., rushing about in consumptive heat, comes to visit his devil, Dzerzhinsky, and explains how to live in accordance with the age: “You look around - and there are enemies around; / Stretch out your hand - and there are no friends; / But if he says: "Lie" - lie. / But if he says: "Kill" - kill ".

Vsevolod Bagritsky wrote the poem "Guest" in 1938 - his father died four years ago, his mother was imprisoned (she stood up for the arrested Vladimir Narbut). In The Guest, the senior poet (Eduard Bagritsky) has an imaginary conversation with a young man (poet? Chekist?). And in this conversation he shows extreme anxiety, the lack of clear ideas about what is happening in the world: "What time! What days! / Are we being smashed or are we being smashed? There are still enemies around, but it is better to run from them:

But wherever you look - enemies, enemies.
Wherever you go, there are enemies.
I tell myself - run!
Rather run
Run faster.
Tell me am I right?

Pavel Kogan, as a teenager, ran away from home twice to see what was happening in the Russian countryside. As a result of these travels, the Monologue was written in May 1936 - one of the strangest and most terrible poems in Russian poetry of the twentieth century. First of all - by the transcendent feeling of defeat, collapse:

We are finished. We retreated.
Let's count the wounds and trophies.
We drank vodka, drank "Erofeich",
But they didn't drink real wine.
Adventurers, we were looking for a feat,
Dreamers, we raved about fights
And the century ordered - to the cesspools!
And the century commanded: “Two in line!”
........................................
I understand everything. And I don't argue.
The high age goes along a high path.
I say: "Long live history!" -
And I fall headlong under the tractor.

It seems that the 17-year-old boy, if he was not fully aware (and who was?), then he sensed the dark, hidden life of Russia. As a result - the acceptance of the inevitability of death, tragic stoicism, based on the gospel: “If a grain of wheat, falling into the ground, does not die, then only one will remain; and if he dies, he will bring forth much fruit.”

Homelessness, existential abandonment, nervousness and uncertainty, when everything is wrong and everything is wrong, led Nikolai Mayorov to a sad version of the fate of his generation in history:

Time will mercilessly destroy us.
We will be forgotten. And insultingly rude
Above us will be driven in by someone
Horse cross made of oak body.

Premonition (1939?)

However, the poem “We” written a few months later correlates with the previous one, like a photograph with a negative.

And no matter how the years crushed the memory,
We will not be forgotten because forever
That the whole planet making weather,
We dressed the word "Man" in flesh!

Impending Second World War- in spite of all the horror of the catastrophe or thanks to it? - gave this generation a sense of unconditional certainty, which they so lacked. Now you could breathe a sigh of relief and say without hesitation: “There is such accuracy in our days / that boys of other centuries / will probably cry at night / about the time of the Bolsheviks ...”(Pavel Kogan, 1940-1941).

Here and now

Previously, they were surprised that these poets foresaw the future - they foresaw the war and their death on it. “I am twenty years younger than a century, but he will see my death”(Mikhail Kulchitsky, 1939); “I don’t know at which outpost I will suddenly fall silent in tomorrow’s battle”(Nikolai Mayorov, 1940); “Sometime in the fifties, artists will sweat from torment while they depict them who died near the Spree River”(Pavel Kogan, 1940). But it would be much more surprising if young poets of military age did not notice where and when they live. After the revolution, after the Civil War, a very short period passed relatively calmly. And then: the war in Spain, Lake Khasan, Khalkhin Gol, a campaign against Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Soviet-Finnish war.

Common (liberal) stereotypes prescribed to speak of Stalin only as a monster and a degenerate and consider this caricature to be true. The genius of Tvardovsky is that he was not afraid and knew how to be above the prejudices of his environment, above the popular notions. He looks at Stalin as a person involved, blood connected with Stalin and, therefore, responsible for everything.

The country breathed the air of war. OSOAVIAKHIM, war games for schoolchildren, films, books, songs… "If tomorrow is war, if tomorrow is a campaign..." The song from the film "Alexander Nevsky" (1938) to the verses of Vladimir Lugovsky was perceived as a direct appeal: "For the father's house, for the Russian land, get up, Russian people!"

It was a time of pure, unadulterated patriotic enthusiasm (no matter what they later said about the "satanic stars", about the "straw scarecrow of German fascism" and about the Russian peasant's lack of desire to fight). And the verses of young poets sounded, if not in the same key (there were more registers), then about the same:

I listen to a distant rumble
Subsoil, indistinct buzzing.
There rises an era
And I save ammo.

Pavel Kogan, 1937

The pace of history has become too tangible to be ignored. And it was clear that sooner or later the war would reach Russia. “The war year is knocking on the door / of my country…”(Mikhail Kulchitsky, 1939).

How to respond to the impending war - they knew. They knew that they would - together with the country - fight for it. And, of course, in this sense they were statesmen. "Boys of the Power" - that's what Lev Anninsky calls them.

They took this necessity for granted, not because they did not value the individual, not because they sought to dissolve in the collective “we”. On the altar of history and war, they carried their "I". Their reaction to the war was the reaction of passionaries to an extreme situation:

But we will still reach the Ganges,
But we will still die in battles,
So that from Japan to England
My Motherland shone.

Pavel Kogan, 1940-1941

(It is worth noting a funny historical trajectory: the idea of ​​​​invading India in August 1919 was pushed through by the pre-revolutionary military council, Lev Trotsky. And Kogan’s poems certainly knocked on the heart of Vladimir Zhirinovsky when he spoke of his dream: “... so that Russian soldiers wash their feet warm water Indian Ocean.)

The young poets dreamed (just like Marx, Lenin and Trotsky) of the coming World Revolution. The inevitable option for the future seemed to be the Zemshar Republic of Soviets, universality, when “only the Soviet nation will be. And only the Soviet race people ... "(Mikhail Kulchitsky). They perceived the present as a projection of the future (or from the future) and called themselves (right after Khlebnikov) "Sharzemtsy".

But moreover, the patriotism of these poets was Russian. As the spell was repeated by Kulchitsky in the poem "The Most Such": “I love Russia very much”, “But I continued to love Russia”. Russia, not the USSR, not the Republic of Soviets. And this Russian patriotism came into conflict with the future zemsharstvo, universality.

But to the people of the united Motherland,
They hardly understand
What a routine sometimes
Led us to live and die.
And let me seem narrow to them
And I will offend their omnipotence,
I'm a patriot. I am Russian air
I love the Russian land...

Pavel Kogan, 1940-1941

Constantly sorting out relations with the motherland - maybe main topic Russian poetry. In the period of time considered here, this topic was started by Lugovskii: “I’m afraid to even name her - / the ferocious name of the motherland”(1926), continued by Kogan: "My motherland. Star. My old pain(1937) - and completed by him.

IN Soviet times they were valued for the fact that "this poetry is from inside the war". Meanwhile, they said the main thing before the war. Their actual military experience was short-lived. This experience did not fundamentally change their "picture of the world" - it only brought into it, perhaps important, but still additional strokes that clarify. About the fact that death is dirty, they knew before. They knew about "cesspools", about "rough windings", about "rotten footcloths" and about other wrong sides of life. They survived all this before the front. And one of the last, and perhaps the last poem of Kulchitsky did not reveal anything new, but rather summed up what was already known.

War is not fireworks at all,
It's just hard work...

Their poetic experience - a steep kneading of cruel realism on the energy of passionaries - came in handy for Semyon Gudzenko as well. He really became a poet only at the front, and there he wrote a cool poem “Before the attack” (1942):

...Now it's my turn.
I'm the only one being hunted.
Damn forty one year
and infantry frozen in the snow.
I feel like I'm a magnet
that I attract mines.
Gap. And the lieutenant wheezes.
And death passes by again...

The poem ended with a terrible and precise detail that once delighted Ehrenburg: "... and I picked out someone else's blood with a knife from under my nails".

Gudzenko also owns the famous:

We do not need to feel sorry, because we would not feel sorry for anyone.
We are clean before our battalion commander, as before the Lord God.
Overcoats turned red from blood and clay on the living,
blue flowers bloomed on the graves of the dead.

My generation (1945)

"At twenty-five - brought into mortal relations ..."- here Pavel Kogan was mistaken: he himself, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Nikolai Mayorov died before they reached this age. And long before victory. Semyon Gudzenko died in 1953, as he prophesied: “We will not die of old age, / We will die from old wounds ... / So pour rum into mugs, / Trophy red rum”

Place of the lesson in the system: the first lesson with an introductory lecture, immersion in the atmosphere of the Great Patriotic War.

Lesson Objectives:

• Get acquainted with the work of poets who died in the Second World War;
• Create an atmosphere of immersion in wartime;
• Pay attention to the courage and heroism of poets;
• To help hear passionate poems full of love for the Motherland and hatred for enemies.

Tasks:

• Educational:
  - to acquaint with the poets who died in the war, through the performance of excerpts from their works;
  - to form an idea of ​​the war through the lyrics of poets who died in the war.
• Developing:
  - develop an interest in the history of their country;
  - to develop the skill of expressive reading.
• Educational:
  - educate patriotism;
  - foster a culture of listening;
  - to develop a respectful attitude towards veterans.

Equipment: portraits of poets who died in the war (Mussa Jalil, Boris Kotov, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Nikolai Mayorov, Boris Bogatkov, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Pavel Kogan, Georgy Suvorov);
a book of poems “The Long Echo of War”;
Tape recorder with songs of the war years (VIA “Ariel” V. Yarushin “Silence”, Y. Bogatikov “At an unnamed height”, M. Bernes “Cranes”, VIA “Flame” S. Berezin “Near the village of Kryukovo”);
Drawings of children on a military theme;
Photo of the "Eternal Flame".

Lesson form: concert lesson

Lesson steps:

1. Teacher's word. Historical information about the events of the Great Patriotic War.
2. Lyrics of poets who died in the war (Speech by students, reading poetry).
3. Final word.
4. Homework.
5. Summary of the lesson.

During the classes

1. The word of the teacher. Historical information about the war.

(There are portraits of poets who died in the war on the board; when verses and a story about each of them are read, the portrait is removed from the board.)

- At dawn on June 22, 1941, fascist Germany, violating the non-aggression pact, invaded our country without declaring war. For our compatriots, this war was a liberation war, for the freedom and independence of the country. More than 27 million Soviet people died in the Great Patriotic War, only 3% of the men born in 1923 survived, almost a whole generation of men was destroyed by the war.

There are many tragic pages in the poetry of the period of the Great Patriotic War.

Through the decades, poets who died during the Great Patriotic War make their way to us. Forever they will remain nineteen and twenty years old. There were many of them who did not return, they were different in the strength and nature of their poetic talent, in character, in affection, in age, but they were forever united by a common fate. Their "lines, pierced by bullets" remained forever alive, remained the memory of the war, and the fact that these lines will never be corrected or completed, imposes a special seal on them - the seal of eternity ...

Today we will remember the poets who died on the fields of the Great Patriotic War. We must not forget the feat of Mussa Jalil, who was tortured to death in fascist dungeons. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Boris Kotov, Hero of the Soviet Union, died while crossing the Dnieper. Under Leningrad, Vsevolod Bagritsky remained forever, near Smolensk - Boris Bogatkov, Nikolai Mayorov, near Stalingrad - Mikhail Kulchitsky. Pavel Kogan, Georgy Suvorov, Dmitry Vakarov fell heroically...

(A fragment of the song “Cranes” by M. Bernes, music by J. Frenkel, words by R. Gamzatov sounds.)

(Lyrics of song 1, verse 2.)

Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers
From the bloody fields that did not come,
Not in our land once perished,
And they turned into white cranes.

They are still from the time of those distant
They fly and give us votes.
Isn't that why so often and sadly
Are we silent, looking at the sky?

2. Lyrics of poets who died in the war. (Performance of students, reading poetry.)

Today we will read the poems of poets who died in the war. Understand how much we have lost! How much they gave us! Eternal memory to them!

(A portrait of Musa Jalil, the student takes it off the board, holds it in his hand and talks about this poet.)

- The war, in the very thick of which Jalil found himself, was cruel and merciless. And death, about which the poet wrote more than once, stood behind him - Musa, he felt her icy breath with the back of his head. Beatings, torture, bullying - all this was a rough everyday reality. And the blood caked on his temples was his own hot blood. This gives rise to a sense of the authenticity of Jalil's poetry - poetry in which pain, torment, the severity of bondage are directed to the bright triumphant song of life. After all, the worst thing happened to him - captivity. In July 1942, on the Volkhov front, seriously wounded in the shoulder, Musa Jalil fell into the hands of the enemy. “Sorry, Motherland! exclaims the poet, swearing. “My anger towards the enemy and love for the Fatherland will come out of captivity with me.”

(The student reads the poem “Moabite Notebooks.”)

People shed blood in battles:
How many thousands will die in a day!
Smelling the smell of prey, close,
The wolves prowl all night long.

Torture, interrogation, bullying, the expectation of an imminent death - this is the background against which the Moabit Notebooks were created.

Love for life, hatred for the fascism that opposes it, confidence in victory, tender messages to his wife and daughter - these are their contents. The poem is riddled with bitterness and hatred. The life of Musa Jalil ended on January 25, 1944.

(The student put the portrait of Musa Jalil on the table.)

(A fragment of the song VIA “Ariel” by V. Yarushin “Silence” sounds, music and words by L. Gurov.)

1st verse of the song.

Nightingales, sing no more songs, nightingales.
In a moment of sorrow, let the organ sound.
Sings about those who are not today,
Mourns for those who are not with us today.

Student 2. (The student takes a portrait of Boris Kotov from the board and holds it in his hands.)

- The poet Boris Kotov died in the war. In 1942, he volunteered for the front, contrary to the decision of the medical commission, which recognized him as unfit for military service. Wrote poetry on the battlefield.

(The student reads a fragment from the poem “When the Enemy Comes.”)

Now other sounds...
But when the enemy comes,
I'll take a rifle in my hands
And I'll even out!

These lines became his oath. Boris Kotov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944 and awarded the Order of Lenin and a medal.

(A fragment of the song VIA “Ariel” by V. Yarushin “Silence” sounds, music and words by L. Gurov)

2nd verse of the song.

This fight, he's already behind, a bloody fight.
Again, someone is no longer with us,
There was someone left in a foreign land,
There was someone left on a foreign land, that land ...

Student 3. (Takes off the portrait of Vsevolod Bagritsky from the board and holds it in his hands.)

- Vsevolod Bagritsky remained forever near Leningrad. He began writing poetry at an early age. From the first days of the war, V. Bagritsky rushed to the front. His poems were included in all anthologies of the genre so beloved by Soviet literary criticism "poets who fell in the Great Patriotic War."

(The student reads the poem “I hate to live ...”).

I hate to live without undressing,
Sleep on rotten straw.
And, giving to the frozen beggars,
To forget the tired hunger.

Chilling, hiding from the wind,
Remember the names of the dead
From home do not receive an answer,
Change junk for black bread.

(A fragment of the song VIA “Flame” by S. Berezin “At the village of Kryukovo” sounds, music by Y. Fradkin, lyrics by S. Ostrova.)

1st verse:

The furious forty-first year went on the attack.
A platoon dies near the village of Kryukovo.
All ammo ran out, no more grenades.
Only seven young soldiers survived.

Student 4.

(The student takes 2 portraits of Boris Bogatkov and Nikolai Mayorov from the board and holds them in his hands.)

- Boris Bogatkov and Nikolai Mayorov died near Smolensk. Boris Bogatkov prefers to voluntarily join the infantry, immediately to the front. But I didn’t have time to fight properly, I didn’t have time to really grapple with the enemy, and here is a severe shell shock and a hospital. Pen and pencil became his weapons, and his poetic gift called our people to work and struggle. Boris spent the night sitting in his modest little room, drawing lines of new poems and evil ditties that branded the fascist beast in his notebook.

We left the factories, we came from the collective farm fields
Novosibirsk region native.
Enemies received a lot of formidable blows
From the Siberian Fire Guard!
Revenge leads us on the attack and our impulse is furious,
We turn all obstacles into dust,
The farther we go west, smashing the Nazis,
The closer our dear Siberia is to us!

So, having lived in the world for a little over twenty years, the Siberian poet, Komsomol warrior Boris Andreevich Bogatkov died.

(The student put the portrait on the table.)

Mayorov Nikolai: his literary legacy is one hundred pages, three thousand typewritten lines. He very early realized himself as a poet of his generation - the herald of that pre-war generation that came to
internal maturity in the late 30s.

(The student reads a fragment of the poem “When the heart is heavier than a stone ...”).

Spinning around in this cycle
Far from home and family
I walked half a step away from death,
For them to survive.
And believed fiercely and boldly,
Dividing a cigarette for two:
indestructible
In the white world
And the Russian spirit and Russian verse.

He died as he himself predicted: in battle. The volunteer scout died without finishing his last cigarette, without finishing the last poem, without having finished his work, without waiting for the book of his poems, without graduating from the university, without finishing his studies at the Literary Institute, without revealing all the possibilities. Everything in his life remained unfinished...

(The student puts the portrait of Nikolai Mayorov on the table.)

(A fragment of the song VIA “Flame” by S. Berezin “At the village of Kryukovo” sounds, (music by Y. Fradkin, lyrics by S. Ostrova).)

That far-off year blazed away with fires.
A rifle platoon was marching near the village of Kryukovo.
Saluting, standing frozen
There are seven soldiers on guard at the mournful hill.

Student 5. (The student took a portrait of Mikhail Kulchitsky from the board and holds it in his hand.)

Mikhail Kulchitsky died near Stalingrad. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Kulchitsky was in the army. In December 1942, he graduated from the machine-gun and mortar school, with the rank of junior lieutenant, he left for the front.

War is not fireworks at all,
It's just hard work
When -
Black with sweat
The infantry is sliding up the plowing...
On fighters and buttons like
Scales of heavy orders.
Not for the order.
There would be a motherland
With daily Borodino.

Mikhail Kulchitsky died near Stalingrad in January 1943.

(The student puts the portrait on the table.)

(A fragment of Yu. Bogatikov’s song “At a Nameless Height” sounds, music by V. Basner, lyrics by M. Matusovsky.)

1st verse:

Burning grove under the mountain
And the sunset burned with her
There were only three of us left.
Out of eighteen guys
How many good friends
Lying left on the ground
At an unfamiliar village
On an unnamed height
At an unfamiliar village
At an unnamed height.

Student 6. (The student takes a portrait of Georgy Suvorov from the board and holds it in his hand.)

- Pavel Kogan, Georgy Suvorov, Dmitry Vakarov fell heroically ... when the war began, and Suvorov ended up on the Leningrad front.

Georgy Suvorov's book of poems, The Word of a Soldier, was signed for publication a few months after his death. Later, it was repeatedly reprinted and replenished. The poem became widely known “Even at dawn, black smoke swirls ...”.

(The student reads this piece.)

Even in the morning black smoke swirls
Above your ruined dwelling.
And the charred bird falls
Overtaken by furious fire.

(The student puts his portrait on the table.)

The song by V. Vysotsky “Common graves” sounds, words and music by V. Vysotsky.

Crosses are not placed on mass graves,
And widows do not weep at them,
Someone brings bouquets of flowers to them,
AND Eternal flame ignite.
Here the earth used to rear up,
And now - granite slabs.
There is no personal fate here -
All destinies are merged into one.

3. Final word.

And this is not all the poets who did not return from the battle. Their life was cut short at the very beginning of their creative way. Of course, the death of any person is always a loss, but the death of a poet is the death of an entire poetic universe, a special world created by him and leaving with him...

(Students return portraits of poets to the board.)

They will live forever in our hearts and in our memories. Glory to the warriors - poets who gave their lives for the sake of peace on earth.

4. Homework: Learn by heart the poem of other poets who died in the war, for example: Boris Lapin, Mirza Gelovani, Tatul Guryan, Pavel Kogan, Mikola Surnachev.

5. The result of the lesson. Thanks to everyone who took part in the preparation and conduct of the lesson-concert.

Bibliography:

1. Immortality. Poems of Soviet poets who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945. Moscow, "Progress", 1978.
2. Boris Aleksandrovich Kotov: (To the 80th anniversary of his birth) // Tamb. dates. 1989: rec. bibliography decree. - Tambov, 1988. - S. 26–27.
3. The Long Echo of War: A Book of Poems. - Ekaterinburg: Publishing House "Socrates", 2005. - 400 p.
4. Kogan Pavel. Kulchitsky Mikhail. Mayorov Nikolay. Joy Nicholas. Through me.// V.A. Schweitzer.M., Soviet writer, 1964. - 216 p.
5. Savina E. Musa Jalil. Red chamomile. Kazan. Tatar book. Publishing house. 1981, 545 p.
6. Soviet poets who fell in the Great Patriotic War: Academic project, 2005. - 576 p.

Vladimir Avrushchenko
died at the front in 1941.

Abdullah Alish
was taken prisoner in October 1941. In the concentration camp, he was an ally of Musa Jalil in the underground struggle. In August 1943 he was thrown into the Moabit prison in Berlin. Executed by the Nazis in 1944.

Jack Althausen
died in battle near Kharkov in May 1942.

Alexander Artemov
Alexander Alexandrovich Artemov was born in 1912. He began writing poetry at the age of fifteen. At first I read them at parties and Komsomol meetings, then I began to publish them in Far Eastern publications, and soon in Moscow and Leningrad magazines. In 1939, in Dalgiz, he released the collection " Pacific Ocean»; in 1940 - "Winners".
He was fond of history, studied the past of the North and Far East, wrote about past campaigns, about explorers and explorers. He also wrote a cycle of poems about the heroes of the Civil War, a ballad about Mikhail Popov, Sergei Lazo's adjutant.
In 1940, Alexander Artemov entered the Literary Institute. Gorky. But the study did not last long. In 1941, the poet volunteered for the front and died in the battles for the Motherland in 1942.

Vsevolod Bagritsky
Vsevolod Eduardovich Bagritsky was born in 1922 in Odessa in the family of a famous Soviet poet. In 1926, the Bagritsky family moved to the city of Kuntsevo. V. Bagritsky began to write poetry in early childhood. During his school years, he placed them in a handwritten journal; while still at school, in 1938-1939 he worked as a literary consultant for Pionerskaya Pravda. In the winter of 1939-1940, Vsevolod joined the creative team of the youth theater, led by A. Arbuzov and V. Pluchek. V. Bagritsky is one of the authors of the play "The City at Dawn". Then he writes, together with the studio students I. Kuznetsov and A. Galich, the play "Duel".
From the first days of the war, V. Bagritsky rushed to the front.
On the eve of 1942, V. Bagritsky, together with the poet P. Shubin, was appointed to the newspaper of the Second Shock Army, which came from the south to the rescue of the besieged Leningrad.
He died on February 26, 1942 in the small village of Dubovik, Leningrad Region, while writing down the story of a political instructor.
V. Bagritsky was buried near the village of Sennaya Kerest, near Chudov. On the pine tree under which Bagritsky is buried, a somewhat paraphrased quatrain by M. Tsvetaeva is carved:
I do not accept eternity
Why was I buried?
I didn't want to go to the ground
From my native land.

Konstantin Belkhin
died in 1943 in the Arctic.

Boris Bogatkov
Boris Andreevich Bogatkov was born in September 1922 in Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory). His father and mother are teachers. His mother died when Boris was ten years old, and he was brought up by his aunt. Bogatkov studied in Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk. From childhood he was fond of poetry and drawing. He knew well the poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky, Bagritsky, Aseev. In 1938, for the poem "The Thought of the Red Flag" he received a diploma at the All-Union Review of Children's Literary Creativity. In 1940 Bogatkov arrived in Moscow. He worked as a sinker at the construction of the subway and studied at the evening department of the Literary Institute. Gorky.
From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Bogatkov was in the army. During a raid by fascist aviation, he was seriously shell-shocked and demobilized for health reasons. In 1942 he returned to Novosibirsk. Here he wrote satirical poems for TASS windows, published in local newspapers. And stubbornly sought to return to the army. After long troubles, Bogatkov is enrolled in the Siberian Volunteer Division. At the front, the commander of a platoon of submachine gunners, senior sergeant Bogatkov, continues to write poetry, composes the anthem of the division.
On August 11, 1943, in the battle for the Gnezdilovsky heights (in the Smolensk-Yelnya region), Bogatkov raised machine gunners to attack and, at the head of them, burst into enemy trenches. In this battle, Boris Bogatkov died a heroic death. His name is forever entered in the lists of the division, his machine gun was transferred to the best shooters of the platoon.

Dmitry Vakarov
Dmitry Onufrievich Vakarov was born in 1920 in the village of Iza (Transcarpathia). His father, a poor peasant, traveled to America three times in the hope of getting rich. But he returned as poor as he left, and in addition - sick. From childhood, Dmitry knew hunger and injustice. However, the need, deprivation did not break the young man who matured early. In 1938, while still studying at the Khust gymnasium, Dmitry Vakarov began to write revolutionary poetry. Once on the walls of the gymnasium, the slogans "Long live the USSR" appeared. The director called the border intelligence officers. Dmitry Vakarov and his friends were arrested and subjected to seven days of interrogation. But the gendarmes never learned the name of the one who wrote the slogans. Twice more Vakarov was arrested and tortured in his homeland. But they never got a word out of him.
In the spring of 1939, Hortiy's Hungary occupied Transcarpathia and established a regime of fascist terror here. In the atmosphere of arrests and executions, Vakarov continued to conduct communist propaganda, continued to write invocative poems. He looked forward with hope liberation campaign Soviet Army to Western Ukraine and Western Belarus and dedicated excited lines to him.
In the fall of 1941, Vakarov entered the Faculty of Philology at the University of Budapest. Earned a living teaching Russian at school foreign languages. In Budapest, the young poet established contact with the anti-fascist underground. In March 1944, Dmitry Vakarov was captured by the Hungarian counterintelligence and "for treason" was sentenced by a military tribunal to life imprisonment. Hitler's Hungarian henchmen, in anticipation of their impending collapse, handed over political prisoners to the Gestapo. In November 1944, Vakarov was sent to the Nazi death camp in Dachau, deprived of his first and last name, giving the prisoner number 125530. At the end of December, he was transferred to the Natzweiler concentration camp, where orders were even more monstrous than in Dachau. In early 1945, executioners from Auschwitz began to arrive here. In March 1945, when American aircraft bombed factories and facilities around Natzweiler, Vakarov, along with other prisoners, was transferred to the Dautmergen concentration camp. Here, the fascist fanatics decided to send the exhausted Vakarov to "treatment", that is, to death in special cells. The poet did not want to "treat", resisted and was killed by the Nazis.

Victoras Valaitis
died at the front in 1944.

Tatul Guryan
Tatul Samsonovich was born in 1912 in Western Armenia. Having lost his parents early, he moved to Baku, where he went to work and at the same time began to study. After graduating high school, Guryan left for Moscow. He was admitted to the literary faculty of the Editorial and Publishing Institute. Upon his return to Baku, he got involved in literary and creative work.
Guryan began to write in childhood, published since 1929. Guryan's first collection of poetry, The Blood of the Earth, was published in 1932. In 1933, the Azerbaijani state publishing house "Azerneshr" published his poem "Dnepr". In 1935, a new collection of the poet "Growth" was released. Guryan wrote the drama in verse "Frik", a number of poems, including "Sayat-Nova". T. Gurian's poems were published in 1941 as a separate book. T. Guryan also acted as a translator. He translated poems by Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Samed Vurgun, and others. When the Patriotic War began, the courageous voice of the poet sounded in the ranks of the soldiers of the Soviet Army. Tatul Guryan died on June 22, 1942 during the defense of Sevastopol.

Musa Jalil
Musa Mustafievich Dzhalilov (Musa Dzhalil) was born in 1906 in the village of Mustafa, Orenburg province. Elementary education received at a village school, then studied at the Khusainia madrasah in Orenburg, later in Kazan at the workers' faculty, and in 1931 he graduated from Moscow State University.
Musa Jalil worked in the Tatar-Bashkir Bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee, edited the children's magazines Kechkene Iptoshlyar (Little Comrades) and Oktyabr Balasy (Child of October), hosted Active participation in the creation of the Tatar State Opera and Ballet Theatre, wrote the libretto for the operas "Altynchech" and "Ildar" for this theater. He published several collections of poetry. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, Musa Jalil headed the Writers' Union of Tatarstan.
On the very first day of the war, Musa Jalil went into the ranks of the army and in June 1942 on the Volkhov front, seriously wounded, was taken prisoner. In the concentration camp, he conducted active underground work, for which he was thrown into the fascist dungeon - the Moabit prison. In prison, Musa Jalil created a cycle of poems, the fame of which went far beyond the borders of our Motherland.
In 1944 Moabite executioners executed the poet.
Friends in the dungeon kept his notebooks. One of them was handed over to the Soviet representatives in Brussels by the Belgian anti-fascist Andre Timmermans, Jalil's comrade in the Moabit dungeon. Later, the Writers' Union of Tataria also received the poet's second notebook.
Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Vladislav Zanadvorov
Vladislav Leonidovich was born in 1914 in Perm. In 1929, he graduated from an eight-year secondary school with a geological exploration bias in Sverdlovsk and entered the geological exploration technical school. “Since 1930,” says the poet’s autobiography, written in 1939, “I began to wander on my own - in geological parties, on expeditions. These were the years of the first five-year plan, when we - teenagers - were imperiously attracted to life, and, of course, we could not sit at home. Worn-out textbooks were thrown into a corner, hiking boots were shod on their feet, and the wandering wind burned their cheeks.
Without graduating from a technical school, Zanadvorov left for Leningrad, where he worked in a geological exploration trust. In 1933-1934, he went on expeditions to the Kola Peninsula, the Far North, beyond the Arctic Circle, in Kazakhstan.
In 1935, Zanadvorov entered the Faculty of Geology of Sverdlovsk University, then transferred to Perm, where in 1940 he graduated with honors and the right to enter graduate school at the Geological Academy. But Zanadvorov remains a practicing geologist and leaves for work in the city of Verkh-Neyvinsk. Taking a great interest in geology, Zanadvorov simultaneously writes poetry and prose. In 1932, his poems from the cycle "Kizel" and the poem "The Way of an Engineer" were first published in the Sverdlovsk magazine "Shturm". In the 1930s, Zanadvorov was a member of literary group"Cutter", his poems were published in the magazine of the same name, in the almanacs "Ural Contemporary" and "Prikamye". In 1936, Zanadvorov's story "Copper Mountain" was published as a separate book for youth. The first collection of poems "Prostor" was published in 1941 in Perm.
In February 1942, Zanadvorov was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army. He was a member great battle on the Volga and died a heroic death in the November battles of 1942.
Posthumously in 1946, Zanadvorov's collection "Devotion" was published, the preparation of which began during the life of the poet, in 1941. In 1945, the collection "Marching Lights" was released, in 1953 "Selected Poems and Stories" were published, in 1954 - the book "Wind of Courage".

Yuri Inge
Yuri Alekseevich was born in 1905 in Strelna. At the age of fifteen, he went to the factory “Red Triangle, at first he was a laborer, then a rubber band worker. He worked at the Triangle until 1929. In 1930 he began to publish, and in 1931 he published his first book, The Epoch.
He participated in military campaigns Baltic ships V landing operations in the winter of 1939-1940.
June 22, 1941 finds J. Inge in Tallinn. He writes the poem "The War Has Begun", which is broadcast on the same day by the radio of Leningrad. With great activity, Yu. Inge is included in the work of the Red Navy press, invocative poems, poetic feuilletons, captions for satirical posters, as well as stories, essays, feuilletons appear from his pen.
On August 28, 1941, the Nazis torpedoed the Valdemaras ship. Y. Inge was on board. On this day, the newspaper "Red Baltic Fleet" published his last poem.
Yuri Inge was known and hated by the Nazis. Subsequently, Gestapo documents were found in liberated Tallinn - Inge's name was on the list of those sentenced to death in absentia.

Khazby Kaloev
was born in 1921 in the village of Zaka (North Ossetia). In 1934, after an incomplete secondary school, Kaloev entered the workers' faculty, from which he graduated in 1937. Later, Kaloez studied at the Russian department of the Tbilisi state university, and from there he transferred to the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute. The war prevented him from completing his education.
Khazbi Kaloev began to write as a schoolboy, in the 30s. Since 1936, his poems have been published in newspapers and magazines. He wrote in Ossetian and Russian. On the eve of the war, Kaloev wrote the drama "Sons of Baga" and set to work on the drama "Bloody Path", which he finished already at the front.
At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Kaloev joined the army from his student days.
Tank commander Khazbi Kaloev was killed in action near Belgorod in 1943.
In 1957, a collection of poems by Khazbi Kaloev "Ray of the Sun" in Ossetian was published in Ordzhonikidze.

Fatyh Karim
(Fatih Valeevich Karimov) was born in 1909 in the village of Aet, Bishbulik region, Bashkir ASSR. He received his primary education in his native village; in 1925 he entered training courses at the Pedagogical College in Belebey. From 1926 to 1929 he studied at the land management technical school in Kazan.
Fatykh Karim wrote his first poems and stories in 1926-1927, published on the pages of republican newspapers. After graduating from the technical school, he collaborates in the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines: "Young Leninist", "Peasant Newspaper", "Attack", "Liberated Woman". In 1931-1933, Fatykh Karim, while on active duty in the ranks of the Soviet Army, actively participated in the work of the Komsomolets newspaper. Upon his return from the army, he becomes the executive secretary of the editorial board of youth and children's literature of the Tat State Publishing House. The first collection of poems by Fatykh Karim - "The Song Begins" (in Tatar) - was published in 1931. His poems "The Seventh Nov", "Fifty Dzhigits", "Light of Lightning", "Anikin" and others were very popular.
In 1941, he went to the front as an ordinary sapper soldier. Later he became an officer. During the war years, two collections of his poems were published - "Love and Hate" (1943), "Melody and Strength" (1944). Along with poetry, Fatykh Karim created during the war years the story "Notes of a Scout" (1942). "In the Spring Night" (1944) and the play "Shakir Shigaev" (1944), wrote a number of works for children.
Fatykh Karim died a heroic death shortly before the victory - in February 1945 - on the outskirts of Koenigsberg.

Levarsa Kvitsinia
died at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, fighting on the border, in the Bialystok region, as part of a border detachment.

Pavel Kogan,
who led the search for scouts, was killed near Novorossiysk on September 23, 1942.

Boris Kostrov
Boris Alekseevich was born in 1912 in the family of an office worker at the Putilov factory. While still in high school, he began to write poetry, which he read at school parties.
After completing his studies, he entered the factory. Volodarsky. Soon the Komsomol organization sent him to work in one of the state farms in the Leningrad region.
In 1933 Boris Kostrov returned to Leningrad. His first poems are published in the magazines "Cutter" and "Star". However, the young poet decides to continue his studies. He enters the Workers' Literary University, after graduating from which he leaves for the Ostrovsky district, where he works in the editorial office of the newspaper "For Kolkhoz".
Returning to Leningrad in 1937, Boris Kostrov published in periodicals, and in 1941 he published the first book of lyrical poems, Zakaznik.
June 24, 1941 Boris Kostrov voluntarily joined the army. He took part in the battles near Leningrad, fought in Karelia, on the Kalinin front, was wounded three times. In 1943 he was sent to a tank school. After graduating from college, with the rank of junior lieutenant, he returned to the front along with a self-propelled artillery mount received at the factory.
On March 11, 1945, the commander of the self-propelled gun, communist officer Boris Alekseevich Kostrov, was seriously wounded during the assault on Kreutzburg in East Prussia and died three days later. He was buried with military honors in the central square of the city.

Boris Kotov
Boris Alexandrovich was born in 1909 in the village of Pakhotny Ugol, Tambov Region. His father is a folk teacher. After graduating from secondary school, B. Kotov worked in the village of Storozhevsky Khutor as a secretary of the village council and taught courses on the elimination of illiteracy. In 1931 he moved to Novo-Gorlovka and entered the mine.
The first poems of B. Kotov were published in 1928 in the regional newspaper. In the future, his poems were published in the newspapers "Kochegarka", "Socialist Donbass", in the almanac "Literary Donbass", in the collective collections "We hand over a sample", "Combine", "On-mountain".
Being very demanding of himself, B. Kotov published relatively little. Unpublished prose was found in his archive. Shortly before the war, the poet prepared his first collection, which was not destined to see the light of day. Everything written by B. Kotov (poems, epigrams, songs, excerpts from the story "Liquidator's Notes", several front-line letters) was included in the book "Unfinished Song", published in Donetsk in 1960.
In the spring of 1942, Boris Kotov joined the army and became a mortar operator in one of the rifle units. On September 29, 1943, he died in battle on the Dnieper bridgehead.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Sergeant Boris Alexandrovich Kotov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Vasily Kubanev
Vasily Mikhailovich was born in 1921 in Voronezh region. In 1938 he graduated from high school and began working in the Ostrogozhsk regional newspaper " New life". In 1940 he went to teach in the village of Gubarevka. Then he returned to Ostrogozhsk again, to the editorial office of the same newspaper. Vasily Kubanev began to write early, at the age of 14, he was published in the regional newspaper. Before the war, his works appeared in collections of local poets and in the anthology Literary Voronezh.
Kubanev already had big plans, his own views on life and art were taking shape. He worked on a large article about art, which he considered for himself as a "tactical program for life", hatched the idea of ​​​​a large epic canvas, which is called "The Whole" in the poet's letters and diaries. “I am ready to work tirelessly all my life to create my Whole,” Kubanev wrote in one of his diary entries.
In August 1941, V. Kubanev volunteered for the front. A few months later he returned to Ostrogozhsk. Kubanev came from the army as a seriously ill person, and in March 1942 he died. During the war Kubanev's apartment was destroyed, his manuscripts perished.
Friends collected a lot of literary samples, poems of the poet, published his letters and diaries. In 1955, a collection of poems compiled by B. Stukalin, “Before Sunrise,” was published in Voronezh. In 1958, the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house published a more expanded collection of the poet's works. This book, supplemented by new findings, was republished in 1960.

Mikhail Kulchitsky
Mikhail Valentinovich was born in 1919 in Kharkov. His father, a professional writer, died in 1942 in a German dungeon.
Mikhail Kulchitsky, after graduating from ten years, worked for some time as a carpenter, then as a draftsman at the Kharkov Tractor Plant. After studying for a year at Kharkov University, he transferred to the second year of the Literary Institute. Gorky. At the same time he gave lessons in one of the Moscow schools.
Kulchitsky began writing and publishing early. He published his first poem in 1935 in Pioneer magazine. At the Literary Institute, he immediately drew attention to himself by the scale of his talent, poetic maturity, and independent thinking. Teachers and comrades saw in Kulchitsky an established poet and pinned great hopes on him.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Kulchitsky was in the army. In December 1942, he graduated from the machine-gun and mortar school and left for the front with the rank of junior lieutenant.
Mikhail Kulchitsky died near Stalingrad in January 1943.
The poems created by Kulchitsky in the army, which he mentions in his letters, have not survived.

Boris Lapin
Boris Matveyevich was born on June 9, 1905 in Moscow. As a teenager, together with his father, a military doctor, he got into the civil war.
At the age of sixteen, Boris Lapin began to write poetry; in 1922 his collection "The Lightning Man" was published, in 1923 - "1922 Book of Poems".
After graduating from the Bryusov Institute in 1924, Lapin chose the life of a traveler and essayist. He worked as a census taker of the Statistical Office in the Pamirs, served in a fur factory in Chukotka, participated in archaeological and geobotanical expeditions, traveled around Central Asia, visited the ports of Turkey, Greece and other countries as a navigator-intern, traveled to Japan, visited Mongolia twice. I studied several languages ​​on my own.
Travels provided material not only for numerous newspaper essays signed "Border Guard", but also for such books as "The Tale of the Pamir Country", "Pacific Diary", "Raid on Garm", "Feat", etc. From the beginning of the 30- 1990s, B. Lapin usually wrote in collaboration with Z. Khatsrevin (“Stalinabad Archive”, “Far Eastern Stories”, “Journey”, “Stories and Portraits”). The works of talented writers were very popular. B. Lapin did not publish more poetry collections, but in the books written jointly with Z. Khatsrevin, sometimes there were poetic inserts and passages.
In 1939, B. Lapin, becoming an employee of the army newspaper, participated in the battles at Khalkhin Gol.
In July 1941, B. Lapin and Z. Khatsrevin left for the front as correspondents for the Red Star. In September 1941, they both died near Kiev.

Alexey Lebedev
Alexey Alekseevich was born in 1912 in Suzdal, in the family of a factory employee. Mother is a teacher.
In 1927 the Lebedevs moved to Ivanovo. After graduating from high school, Alexey at one time worked as an assistant to a plumber. The dream of the sea made him go to the North, to become a sailor. After a three-year voyage on the ships of Sevrybtrest and the merchant fleet, A. Lebedev returned to Ivanovo, worked and studied at the same time at the evening construction college. In 1933 he left to serve in the Navy. He was a radio operator, a submariner.
From 1936 to 1940, A. Lebedev studied at the Higher Naval School of the Red Banner. Frunze (Leningrad).
In 1939, a collection of poems by A. Lebedev "Kronstadt" was published, in 1940 - "Lyrics of the Sea". Last years life, he was published in the newspaper "Red Baltic Fleet" and in the newspaper of the Baltic submariners "Dozor".
On the eve of the war, A. Lebedev graduated from college and was appointed submarine navigator.
On November 29, 1941, the submarine, on which Lieutenant Alexei Lebedev served, ran into a mine while performing a combat mission in the Gulf of Finland. The poet perished along with his ship.

Vsevolod Loboda
Vsevolod Nikolaevich was born in 1915 in Kyiv. His father is a teacher of Russian language and literature, his mother graduated from the conservatory and was an opera singer.
Love for literature manifested itself in Vsevolod in childhood. For ten years he wrote poetry and composed stories. In 1930, Loboda graduated from high school, moved to Moscow and soon went to study at the FZU of the Shchelkovo educational and chemical plant. At the same time, Loboda began to publish.
In 1932-1934, V. Loboda at the Mytishchi Carriage Works edited the large-circulation newspaper "Forge". From September 1934 he worked in the journal "Higher Technical School".
In 1935, Loboda entered the Literary Institute. Gorky. In subsequent years, he collaborated in the journals "Literary Study" and "Bonfire", published articles, wrote poetry.
In the first months of the war, V. Loboda worked on the radio, and then went to the front. He was a machine gunner, artilleryman, fought near Leningrad and Staraya Russa, near Velikiye Luki and in the Baltic. At one time he worked in the divisional newspaper. During the war years, he did not stop writing poems, which were printed in the divisional circulation or kept in the notebooks of friends.
Vsevolod Loboda died on October 18, 1944 in Latvia, near the city of Dobele.

Nikolai Mayorov
Nikolai Petrovich was born in 1919 in the family of an Ivanovo worker. Even at the age of ten he began to write poems, which he read at school evenings, published in the wall newspaper. After graduating from school in Ivanovo, he moved to Moscow and entered the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, and from 1939 he also began to attend a poetry seminar at the Literary Institute. Gorky. He wrote a lot, but rarely published, and then, as a rule, in the university newspaper.
The head of the poetry seminar P. G. Antokolsky wrote about Mayorov: “Nikolai Mayorov did not have to look for himself and his theme. His poetic world from the very beginning was sharply defined, and in self-restraint he felt his strength. His lyrics, which tell about sincere male love, are organic in this poetic world.
D. Danin, recalling N. Mayorov, a friend of his student years, says: “He knew that he was a poet. And, preparing to become a historian, he first of all asserted himself as a poet. He had a right to it.
Inconspicuous, he was not quiet and unresponsive. He defended his opinions, as he recited poetry: shaking his fist in front of his chest, slightly turned with the back to the opponent, as if the hand was carrying a boxer's glove. He was easily aroused, all rosy. He did not spare other people's vanity and was sharply defined in his assessments of poetry. He did not like long-winded literature in verse, but he adored the earthly materiality of the image. He did not recognize poetry without a flying poetic thought, but he was sure that it was precisely for a reliable flight that she needed heavy wings and a strong chest. So he himself tried to write his poems - earthly, durable, suitable for long-distance flights.
In 1939 and 1940, N. Mayorov wrote the poems "Sculptor" and "Family". Only fragments of them have survived, as well as a few poems from this period. The suitcase with papers and books left by N. Mayorov at the beginning of the war with one of his comrades has not yet been found.
In the summer of 1941, N. Mayorov, together with other Moscow students, digs anti-tank ditches near Yelnya. In October, his request for enlistment in the army was granted.
The political instructor of the machine-gun company Nikolai Mayorov was killed in action near Smolensk on February 8, 1942.

Bagautdin Mitarov
died at the front in 1943 during the liberation of Vinnitsa.

Vytautas Montvila
Vytautas Montvila was born in 1902 in Chicago, where his father, a worker, moved with his family from Lithuania. But the hopes of escaping poverty and unemployment in America did not come true, and a few years before the First World War, the Montvila family returned to their homeland.
After studying for a short time, Vytautas left school and became a shepherd, later a stonemason. In 1924 he entered the Mariampol Teachers' Seminary. Soon the police arrest him for participating in an anti-war demonstration. In a prison cell, Montvila meets revolutionary youth.
Thus begins the hard life of a proletarian and revolutionary - poverty, homelessness, prison.
After Montvila's release, he studied for some time at Kaunas University. But in 1929, he was arrested on suspicion of "anti-state activities", accused of preparing an assassination attempt on Prime Minister Voldemaras, and sentenced to ten years in hard labor. The inter-party squabble of the then masters of Lithuania saves Montvila from convict prison. He becomes a road worker, then a compositor, then a salesman in a bookstore, secretary of the drivers' union ...
On the roads of Lithuania, in a prison cell, in a typesetting shop, Montvila creates his angry poems calling for struggle. Since 1923 they have been printed on the pages of the progressive press. Later, his collections "Nights without an overnight stay" (1931), "On the wide road" (1940) were published.
In spirit, in poetic structure, many of the works of V. Montvila are close to Mayakovsky, whom he translated into Lithuanian. According to Y. Baltushis, Mayakovsky's article "How to make poetry?" served as a "bible" for V. Montvila.
Vytautas Montvila warmly welcomed Lithuania's entry into the family of Soviet republics (1940). And although he did not live long in liberated Lithuania, he considered this period the most fruitful. He became one of the most active, militant Lithuanian poets.
“In these nine months I wrote more than in my entire life,” said V. Montvila, referring to poems about Lenin, about the revolution, about the Red Army, about the Communist Party, created on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. He called his last poetic cycle, uniting these verses, "The Wreath of Soviet Lithuania."
The war found V. Montvila translating Mayakovsky's poem "Good". As soon as the Nazis broke into the Soviet Baltic, they threw Montvila into prison. The poet steadfastly endured inhuman torture. The Nazis did not get any information from him, they did not get him to abdicate. Soon Vytautas Montvila was shot.

Simion Mospan
died at the front in East Prussia.

Varvara Naumova
Varvara Nikolaevna Naumova was born in 1907. After graduating from Leningrad University, she worked in the editorial offices of the Leningrad magazines Literary Study and Zvezda. She was fond of poetry and wrote poetry herself. The first book of poems, written by her in the late 1920s, was published in 1932. It was called "The Drawing". Shortly after the publication of the book, Naumova left Leningrad and, together with a geological exploration expedition, went to the far North, to Tiksi Bay. Two years spent by Naumova on the shore Arctic Ocean, gave her a lot of new topics. Her poems, called "Spring in Tiksi", are covered with the breath of the North.
Upon returning to Leningrad, V. Naumova worked at the Institute of the Peoples of the North, translating the poems of the northerners. In her translations, the poems "Ulgarrikon and Gekdalukkon", "Sulakichan", poems in the collections "The Sun over the Plague", "The North Sings" were published. Her new poems were published in the journals Leningrad, Zvezda and Literary Contemporary. On the eve of the war, V. Naumova was preparing a second book of poems.
In the autumn of 1941, when the fascist hordes reached the walls of Leningrad, V. Naumova, together with hundreds of Leningraders, went to defense work, they became her front.
V. Naumova died at the end of 1941.
In 1961, a collection of the poetess Spring in Tiksi, prepared by her friends, was published in Leningrad.

Evgeny Nezhintsev
Yevgeny Savvich Nezhintsev was born in 1904 in Kyiv. Started working at the age of fifteen. He was a timekeeper, a watchman, a clerk, an assistant locksmith.
Yevgeny Nezhintsev is one of the first workers' correspondents; in 1922, he published the first note in the Kyiv newspaper Proletarskaya Pravda. In the same year, youthful poems by E. Nezhintsev were published.
In 1927, Evgeny Nezhintsev graduated from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute and came to the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric power station. He wrote and published poetry, was a professional writer, but did not leave his specialty as an electrical engineer. In Kyiv in 1930 his book "Apple Pier" was published, and in 1931 - "The Birth of a Song".
E. Nezhintsev was also engaged in translations. He translated into Russian many works of the classics of Ukrainian literature: T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, M. Kotsyubinsky and contemporary poets: M. Rylsky, A. Malyshko, P. Usenko, T. Masenko.
Evgeny Savvich Nezhintsev died during the siege of Leningrad on April 10, 1942.

Ivan Pulkin
Ivan Ivanovich Pulkin was born in 1903 into a peasant family in the village of Shishkovo, Moscow Region (not far from Volokolamsk). He finished three classes of the parochial school. It was not possible to study further, and soon he was sent as a boy to a tavern. In 1915 he came to Moscow and entered the printing house as an apprentice compositor. In 1917 he returned to the village, farmed, helped his mother.
After October revolution joined the rural Komsomol cell. He studied at the political education courses in Volokolamsk, was engaged in propaganda work.
In 1924 he moved to Moscow and joined the editorial office of the newspaper "Young Leninist". He studied at the Higher Literary and Art Institute. Bryusov. In 1929 he worked for the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. From 1930 to 1934 - editor at the State Publishing House of Fiction.
Ivan Pulkin has been in print since 1924. First, in the "Young Leninist", in the magazines "Change", "Komsomoliya", in the "Journal of Peasant Youth"; since the late 1920s - in October, Novy Mir, Izvestia.
In 1934, Pulkin was convicted by the Special Meeting of the NKVD and exiled for 3 years in Western Siberia. There he collaborated in the newspaper Zorkiy Strazh and in the camp newspaper Perekovka. After early release he returned to Moscow. IN prewar years Ivan Pulkin was a bibliographer at the Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature. Began to be published again in the central editions.
In the early days of the Great Patriotic War, I. Pulkin joined the people's militia. He was wounded in the bombing. Still not recovered, he went to the front. Ivan Pulkin died in December 1941. The date and place of death are unknown.

Samuil Rosin
Samuil Izrailevich Rosin was born in 1892 in the town of Shumyachi, Mogilev province. His father is a carrier. The family lived in poverty, and Rosin did not have to study. He began to work as a painter and at the same time was engaged in self-education, read a lot.
In the early 1920s, Rosin moved to Moscow. At one time served as an educator in orphanage, and then entirely devoted to literary activity.
Rosin began writing poetry at the age of 14. The first poem "To the day laborer" was published in 1917. In 1919 he published a collection of poems for children "Grandma's Tales", built on folklore material. In the same year, a collection of lyrical poems by the poet "Shells" was published. In subsequent years, Rosin published the poem "Shine" (1922), the collection "To All of Us" (1929), the poem "Sons and Daughters" (1934), the books "Harvest" (1935), "In Love" (1938). With each new book, Rosin improved as a subtle and deep lyricist. Rosin's pre-war poems are full of a premonition of the danger hanging over the country, and the consciousness of his responsibility for everything that happens in the world.
In July 1941, Rosin, along with other Moscow writers, voluntarily joined the ranks of the Soviet Army. He entered the front-line poems in a notebook, which has not been preserved. Samuil Rosin died in heavy defensive battles near Vyazma in the autumn of 1941.

Boris Smolensky
Boris Moiseevich Smolensky was born in 1921 in Novokhopersk, Voronezh region. From 1921 to 1933 the family lived in Moscow. His father, journalist M. Smolensky, at that time headed a department in Komsomolskaya Pravda, later edited a newspaper in Novosibirsk, where in 1937 he was arrested on slander. Since that time, Boris not only studies, but also works, helping his family.
Interest in poetry in Boris Smolensky appeared early. Since the second half of the 1930s, he has been writing poetry, the main theme of which is the sea, its brave people. True to his theme, Smolensky enters one of the institutes in Leningrad, preparing to become a captain. long-distance navigation. At the same time, he studies Spanish, translates Garcia Lorca, participates in the delivery of a literary composition about K. Marx and F. Engels for the famous reader V. Yakhontov.
In early 1941, Smolensky was drafted into the army. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War - at the front. Front-line poems, as well as a poem about Garcia Lorca, which Smolensky mentions in letters to relatives, perished.
November 16, 1941 Boris Smolensky fell in battle.
During his lifetime, B. Smolensky's poems were not published.

Sergey Spirit
Sergei Arkadyevich Spirit was born in January 1917 in Kyiv. His father is a lawyer, a participant in the First World War.
From the school bench, Sergey was fond of poetry - Russian, Ukrainian, French (from childhood he spoke French). He translated Ukrainian and French poets, he wrote poetry himself.
A capable young man who knew literature very well, Sergei Spirit, immediately after the seven-year period, was admitted to the Russian department of the Faculty of Language and Literature of the Kyiv Pedagogical Institute. After graduating from the institute, he worked as an editor of the literary department at the Kiev Radio and studied in absentia in graduate school. At the same time, he was collecting material for a book about Lermontov that he wanted to write. He also acted as a prose writer and critic.
Spirit's poems were published in the "Kiev Almanac" and the magazine "Soviet Literature", published in Kyiv. By the spring of 1941, Spirit prepared a collection of poems that did not see the light of day due to the start of the war.
On June 24, 1941, Sergei Spirt was summoned to the draft board. He was registered with the military as a translator from French. But translators from French were not required, and Spirit became an ordinary fighter. He died in the summer of 1942.

Georgy Stolyarov - nunknown poet from the Sachsenhausen camp
In 1958, while excavating the territory of the former fascist concentration camp Sachsenhausen (20 kilometers north of Berlin), the foreman of builders Wilhelm Hermann discovered a notebook in the ruins of the barracks that served as the kitchen of the Sondercamp, on the cover of which were the words: “Unforgettable. Poems in captivity. Wilhelm Hermann handed over the find Soviet officer Senior Lieutenant Molotkov. On December 31, the band's newspaper reported on the notebook from Sachsenhausen Soviet troops in Germany, the "Soviet Army", which also published several poems. In January 1959, information about the notebook, along with some of the poems, was published in the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper. January 14, 1959 - publication in Komsomolskaya Pravda. The editors of Komsomolskaya Pravda undertook a broad search for the author of camp poems. The search involved former prisoners of Sachsenhausen, their friends and relatives, as well as employees of Soviet embassies and Soviet correspondents abroad. Despite all efforts, the name of the author of the poems has not yet been established.
There is an assumption that the notebook contains poems belonging to different authors. This assumption is based mainly on two circumstances: firstly, the verses in the notebook are written in an even, firm handwriting and without blots, and secondly, many verses were known not only to the prisoners of Sachsenhausen, but also to Ravensbrück, Buchenwald and other death camps. The former prisoners name Peter from the Kharkiv region, Victor from Donetsk, Nikolay, Ivan Kolyuzhny and others as possible authors of the poems. read his poems to him. The notebook contains two acrostics containing the names of Anton Parkhomenko and Ivan Kolyuzhny. It can be the authors of poems and friends of the poet.
The notebook is made of checkered paper. Fifty poems are written in clear, small handwriting. The last one is dated January 27, 1945.
Addition from Lilia: “The author is already known - this is a former prisoner of conc. Camp Sachsenhausen school teacher Georgy Fedorovich Stolyarov, who later died in the Stalinist camps.

We, who were born in the 1960s, still found those yards from where they went to the front. Front gardens, sheds, a linden tree under the window, a lorry that raised clouds of dust in our street - a lot of things around were pre-war. The lilac, at which the graduates of the 41st said goodbye, showered its color on us when we played war. After the rain, dark water with stars swirled in the pre-war barrel.

In the evening we left the yard covered in dust and abrasions. And then it suddenly seemed to us: there, in the garden, someone was crying softly.

The night moth beat inaudibly against the glass, its wings trembling. So in 1941, the agendas trembled in the mother's hands.

In May, evening twilight turns too quickly into morning. Don't ring, alarm clocks. Don't rattle, washstand. Shut up, loudspeakers. Locomotive, stay still on the siding... Let me finish the verses.

I hate to live without undressing,

Sleep on rotten straw.

And, giving to the frozen beggars,

To forget the tired hunger.

Chilling, hiding from the wind,

Remember the names of the dead

From home do not receive an answer,

Change junk for black bread.

Confuse plans, numbers and paths,

Rejoice that he lived less in the world

Twenty.

Vsevolod Bagritsky,

1941, Chistopol

That May we still laughed

Loved the greenery and the lights.

We were not predicted war.

We did not guess, arguing

(We were cramped on the ground)

What years and expanses

We are destined to overcome...

May our youth not be resurrected

Trenches and fields old-timer!

We feel good from a bitter song,

What did you lay down near Vyazma.

Nikolay Ovsyannikov,

May 1942

Still, having fifteen years,

I often thought before going to bed

What would be good, not getting old,

Be the same age all your life.

I dreamed then to live in the world

Twenty years old all his life.

I thought - happiness in these years

There is always a person.

Now those dreams have come true:

The twentieth year of my life has come.

But there is no happiness. I can hardly find it.

Death will find me sooner.

And here I am, having twenty years,

Dreaming before bed again

What would be good, not getting old,

To be a little boy again.

Arian Tychacek,

If death comes close to me

And put him to sleep with him

You will tell your friends that Zakhar

Gorodissky

In battles, I'm not used to retreating,

That he, having swallowed a deadly wind,

He fell not back, but forward,

So that an extra hundred and seventy-two

centimeters

Entered into the won account.

Zakhar Gorodissky,

Young poets who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War:

Andrukhaev Khusen, 20 years old

Artemov Alexander, 29 years old

Bagritsky Vsevolod, 19 years old

Bogatkov Boris, 21 years old

Vakarov Dmitry, 24 years old

Viktoras Valaitis, 27 years old

Vintman Pavel, 24 years old

Gorodissky Zakhar, 20 years old

Guryan (Khachaturyan) Tatul, 29 years old

Zanadvorov Vladislav, 28 years old

Kaloev Khazby, 22 years old

Quicinia Levarsa, 29 years old

Kogan Pavel, 24 years old

Krapivnikov Leonid, 21 years old

Kulchitsky Mikhail, 23 years old

Lebedev Alexey, 29 years old

Livertovsky Joseph, 24 years old

Loboda Vsevolod, 29 years old

Lukyanov Nikolai, 22 years old

Mayorov Nikolay, 22 years old

Ovsyannikov Nikolai, 24 years old

Podarevsky Eduard, 24 years old

Podstanitsky Alexander, 22 years old

Polyakov Evgeny, 20 years old

Razikov Evgeny, 23 years old

Razmyslov Ananiy, 27 years old

Rozenberg Leonid, 22 years old

Strelchenko Vadim, 29 years old

Suvorov Georgy, 25 years old

Surnachev Mikola, 27 years old

Tikhachek Arian, 19 years old

Ushkov Georgy, 25 years old

Fedorov Ivan, 29 years old

Shersher Leonid, 25 years old

Shulchev Valentin, 28 years old

Esenkojaev Kuseyin, 20 years old

If suddenly your family has preserved the memory of the guys from this list, as well as those young poets who were not on it, write to us.

August 19, 1936 at five o'clock in the morning, Garcia Lorca was shot near the Spanish city of Alfacar. For a long time, the circumstances of his death remained unclear. But more recently, in April 2015, the Spanish broadcasting network Cadena SER published a previously unknown report from the archives of the Granada General Police Department for 1965, which was made at the request of a French journalist Marcel Auclair. She wanted to clarify the details of the poet's death for her book, but the document was never sent to her - the Spanish government decided not to disclose the details of the "Lorca case".

The discovered report confirmed the fact of the execution of Lorca, and contained the details of what happened: the details of the arrest of the poet, the place of his execution and the names of those present at it. Among other things, it was established that the final decision to shoot Federico was made by the governor of Granada. Jose Valdes Guzman, with the beginning of the Civil War, who supported the Francoist rebels. Despite the fact that the poet was, as he said Salvador Dali,"the most apolitical man in the world", he did not hide his republican convictions, which was the reason for the appearance of many political enemies.

García Lorca really often spoke in his poems in defense of the people and called himself "the brother of all people", but at the same time he tried not to take one side or another in the war. He even had friends among his political opponents, but, alas, they could not influence his fate. The poet died at the age of 38.

The famous Polish writer and teacher died during the Second World War in the Treblinka concentration camp, along with 200 pupils of the orphanage, of which he was the director.

Janusz Korczak. Photo: Public Domain

A few months after the Germans occupied Warsaw in 1939, Korczak's Orphanage was moved to the Warsaw Ghetto. The writer at the beginning of his professional path stated that he would not start his own family and would devote himself entirely to working with orphans, therefore, in the current conditions, he, a 62-year-old educator, cared for them even more: he went daily in search of food and medicine for his wards, calmed them down and at the same time prepared for the most terrible trials of fate. Together with the children, he staged an Indian play, the main idea of ​​which was the eternal, continuous cycle of birth and death. So Korczak tried to rid the orphans of the fear of death and instill in them that a new life would surely begin after it.

A month later, an order was received to deport the Orphanage to Treblinka, one of the most brutal death camps, which is almost equal to Auschwitz in terms of the number of victims. On August 5, 1942, all the children, led by a teacher, were lined up in columns and sent to the station to be transported to the camp: none of the children cried, resisted, or tried to run away.

One of the German officers learned that Janusz Korczak was the leader of this "death march" (as eyewitnesses dubbed him), and asked if he was the author of the children's book "Little Jack's Bankruptcy". Having received an affirmative answer, the German invited the writer to stay. “To betray children and let them die alone would mean somehow giving in to villainy,” the teacher answered and refused to be separated from his pupils.

Presumably the next day, Janusz Korczak, along with the orphans, died in the gas chamber.

During World War II, a Czechoslovakian journalist and writer was executed in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin. While imprisoned and subjected to terrible torture, he wrote a book about what he had to endure.

Fucik was a staunch opponent of the fascist ideology, and most of his works of the 1930s and 1940s were devoted specifically to the theme of combating the ideas of this political movement and called for repelling the German invaders.

Julius Fucik. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org

With the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the writer became an active participant in the resistance movement, the purpose of which was to confront the occupying authorities. Later, he became one of the organizers of the underground Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CC KPC) and led its underground publications, distributing his appeals to the Czech people in them. There is an opinion that the writer worked for the intelligence of the USSR and allegedly went into radio contact with Moscow daily, transmitting important intelligence information.

In April 1942, Julius Fucik was arrested by the Gestapo at a secret meeting with his comrades and sent to the Pankrac prison in Prague. For almost a year and a half spent in it, he wrote his famous book "Reporting with a noose around his neck." Two guards helped him in this: they secretly handed over pencils and paper, and then, risking their lives, took out the written sheets and hid them at different people. After his release from the concentration camp, the journalist's wife Gustina Fuchikova, to whom he managed to inform about his manuscript, managed to collect the pages numbered by Julius's hand into a book and publish it in October 1945.

On September 8, 1943, the death sentence in the case of the "major communist criminal" Julius Fucik was carried out. Subsequently, this day became the International Day of Solidarity of Journalists, Correspondents and Reporters.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

On July 31, 1944, the famous French writer and professional pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery went on a reconnaissance flight and did not return. And only in 2008 the details of his death became known.

After France declared war on Germany in 1939, Exupery was drafted into the army and declared fit for service on the ground. A pilot by vocation, he decided to seek appointment to the aviation reconnaissance group, despite the persuasion of his friends to abandon the risky intention. “I am obliged to participate in this war. Everything I love is at stake,” he insisted.

A year later, with the beginning of the occupation of France, the writer emigrated to the United States, but in 1943 he returned to his air group again and received permission for reconnaissance flights with aerial photography. On one of these flights from the island of Corsica, the pilot did not return to base and was declared missing. There was an opinion that the plane crashed in the Alps.

In 1998, more than 50 years later, a fisherman from Marseilles found an unusual metal bracelet in the seaweed among his caught fish. It bore the following inscription: "Antoine Saint-Exupery (Consuelo) - c/o Reynal & Hitchcock, 386, 4th Ave. NYC USA" (the name of the writer, his wife, and the address of the American publisher who published " little prince"). Two years later, a professional diver noticed the remains of an aircraft at a 70-meter depth in the Mediterranean Sea, on which, as it was later established, the writer made his last flight.

And just eight years ago, an 88-year-old German veteran pilot said that it was he who shot down the plane flown by Antoine de Saint-Exupery: “At first I pursued him, then I said to myself: if you evade the battle, I will shoot you down. I shot, hit him, the plane crashed. Right into the water. I didn't see the pilot. Only later did I find out that it was Saint-Exupery.” But at the same time, researchers note that such a victory is not listed in the archives of the German Air Force, and the downed plane itself did not have any traces of shelling. Therefore, there are still reasons to adhere to a different version of the writer's death, for example, a plane crash due to a malfunction.