slide 1
Repetition of the theme AFRICA
slide 2
AFRICA
Game complement offers:
Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
1) The hottest continent -
slide 3
Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
SAHARA
Game complement offers:
2) The largest desert -
slide 4
Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
Great Rifts of Africa
Game complement offers:
3) Most big system tectonic faults
slide 5
Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
NILE
Game complement offers:
4) Most long river -
slide 6
Repetition of the theme "AFRICA"
Game complement offers:
5) Who is this?
Gorilla
Chimpanzee
Zebra
Hippopotamus
a lion
Camel
Okapi
Lemur
Ostrich
Elephant
Cheetah
Tsetse fly
Giraffe
Slide 7
It is located below us There, obviously, they walk upside down, There the year is turned inside out There, gardens bloom in October, There is summer in October, and not in July, There flow rivers without water (They disappear somewhere in the desert), There in the thickets traces of wingless birds, Cats get snakes for food, Animals are born from eggs, And there dogs do not know how to bark, Trees themselves climb out of the bark, There rabbits are more terrible than a flood. (G. Usova)
Slide 8
TOPIC: Australia. Geographical position, sizes, outlines and the seas and oceans washing the continent. History of the discovery and exploration of Australia.
Slide 9
Lesson Objectives
Recall how the geographical position of the mainland is determined; To study the features of the physical and geographical position of Australia. Compare with FGP Africa. Find out how the discovery and exploration of Australia took place.
Slide 10
Message interesting facts about Australia
Australia is the smallest continent on Earth;
The mainland is located entirely in the southern hemisphere;
Australia is the mainland of relics of animals and plants preserved from past geological eras
There are no active volcanoes here;
Australia is the driest continent on Earth. It receives 5 times less precipitation than Africa, 8 times less than South America;
About half of its area is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts;
The color of the continent is dominated by reddish-brown tones;
Australia later than others was settled and mastered by Europeans
The entire continent is occupied by one state.
slide 11
Mainland Exploration Plan
How the mainland is located relative to the equator, the tropics (arctic circles), and the zero meridian; Find the extreme points of the mainland, determine their coordinates and the length of the mainland in degrees and kilometers from north to south and from west to east; What seas and oceans wash the mainland; How is the mainland relative to other continents; In what climatic zones the mainland is located.
slide 12
slide 13
southern tropic
Slide 14
mainland outline
slide 15
Timor Sea
Arafura Sea
Gulf of Carpentaria
Great Australian Bight
tasman sea
coral sea
The waters surrounding the mainland
Torres Strait
Bass Strait
slide 16
Islands and peninsulas
solomon sea
tasmania island
Island New Zealand
New Guinea Island
Cape York Peninsula
Slide 17
Great coral reef
Slide 18
Extreme points of Australia
Cape Steep Point
Cape York
Cape South East Point
Cape Byron
26°S; 113°E
39°S; 147°E
28°S; 153°E
11°S; 142°E
Slide 19
Length of Australia
4400 km
3219 km
Slide 20
Australia's position in relation to other continents
Australia occupies 6% of the land area; The area of Australia is 7.7 million km2, and with the islands 8.9 million km2.
slide 21
Comparative characteristics of FGPs in Africa and Australia
Plan Africa Australia
Relation to the equator
relation to the prime meridian.
Extreme points:
N S.W.E
position in relation to other continents.
Position in relation to the seas and oceans
Climatic zones
Lies south of the equator
Almost in the middle of the mainland crosses the equator
Lies in the Eastern Hemisphere
Lies in two hemispheres: western and eastern
M. York M. South East - Point M. Steep - Point M. Byron
M. Ben – Sekka M. Needle M. Almadi M. Ras Hafun.
Farthest from the mainland
The continent of Eurasia is closest to Africa.
In the east - water Pacific Ocean. In the north and west - the waters of the Indian Ocean
In the east - the waters of the Indian Ocean. In the north and west - the waters of the Atlantic Ocean
Subtropical, subequatorial, tropical
Equatorial, subequatorial, tropical
slide 22
Conclusion
In the geographical position of Africa and Australia, there are more differences than similarities. Similarities: Both continents are washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean (Africa from the east, Australia from the west); Both continents in the southern part are crossed by the southern tropic, which indicates the presence of a hot and dry climate on the continents. Differences: Africa in relation to the equator lies in two hemispheres (northern and southern), Australia in one (southern); Africa, relative to the prime meridian, lies in two hemispheres (western and eastern), Australia in one (eastern hemisphere); Africa is washed in the west by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Australia in the east by the waters of the Pacific Ocean.
slide 23
Willem Janszon (also known as Willem Jans), years of life presumably 1570-1630. - Dutch navigator, admiral, the first European to reach the coast of Australia.
Abel Janszoon Tasman, Dutch navigator, explorer and merchant. He received worldwide recognition for the sea campaigns he led in 1642-1644. In the middle of the 17th century, he described the coasts of the continent from Cape York to the Southern Tropic. Tasman proved that Australia is an independent continent. At that time it was called New Holland.
slide 24
History of discovery and exploration of Australia
J. Cook, an English navigator, re-discovered Australia in 1770, which was soon declared a colony of England.
When Captain Cook's ship ran aground, great geographical discovery opened the Great Barrier Reef.
Slide 25
History of discovery and exploration of Australia
M. Stewart led the first expedition that crossed Australia from south to north
The expedition of R. Burke, who was the first to cross the mainland from north to south, ended tragically in order to find a route for the telegraph. R. Burke died on the way back
John Forest led the expedition, the purpose of which was to lay a route for the future telegraph line linking Western Australia with the southern part of the mainland
slide 26
History of discovery and exploration of Australia
Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay is an ethnographer, anthropologist, biologist and traveler who studied the indigenous population of Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania (1870-1880s), including the Papuans of the northeastern coast of New Guinea.
Slide 27
Anchoring
Game: Choose the correct statement
The word "austral" translated from Latin means "southern";
The east coast of Australia was discovered in 1770 by Abel Tasman;
The southern tropic crosses the mainland almost in the middle;
Tasmania is a small island north of the mainland;
Along the east coast is the Great Barrier Reef - a unique coral formation at the bottom of the sea;
Australia was discovered by James Cook;
The largest island off the coast of Australia is Madagascar;
South point of Australia - Cape York;
Bass Strait separates the island of Tasmania from Australia;
The eastern point of Australia is Cape Byron;
The Great Australian Bight washes the southern shores of Australia.
M
ABOUT
L
ABOUT
D
C
S
Slide 28
Australia, Australia, a beautiful mainland, Many people like it very much, although it is small, Plants, rare animals live there: Bottle tree, echidna, kangaroo, Acacia umbrella, koala, lyrebird, As well as emu and even platypus, Australia is beautiful, beautiful mainland . He tells everyone who saw him to love him.
Slide 29
Homework
Paragraph 35 of the textbook, make a crossword puzzle of 7 - 10 words on the topics (optional) "Geographical position of Australia", "History of the discovery of Australia".
Answers I option II option
Criteria:
She is below us. There, obviously, they walk upside down, There the year is turned inside out, Gardens bloom in October, Summer is there in October, not in July, Rivers flow without water (they disappear somewhere in the desert) There are traces of wingless birds in the thickets, There, cats get snakes for food, Animals are born from eggs, And there dogs cannot bark, Trees themselves climb out of the bark. There the rabbits are worse than the flood...
Geographical position and history of exploration of Australia. Lesson Objectives: to form an idea of the FGP of Australia, to get acquainted with the history of the discovery and exploration of this continent. Geographic location of the mainland
- Position in relation to the equator, prime meridian, tropics;
- neighboring continents;
- Oceans, seas washing the mainland;
- Indented coastline;
- extreme points.
Determine the FGP of the mainland according to the plan.
Area - 7 million 614 thousand km2
Coastline
Australia is a huge country stretching from west to east for almost 4,000 km and from north to south for 3,700 km.
Extreme points of Australia
- Northern - M. York
- South - M. South East Point
- Western - M. Steep Point
- Eastern - M. Byron
Determine the coordinates
extreme points
North - m. York 11 0S 142 0 east
South - m. South East Point 39 0 S 1460E
Western - Cape Steep Point 26 0 S 113 0v.d.
Eastern - Cape Byron 28 0 S 153 0v.d.
History of the discovery of Australia
Australia was discovered by an English explorer James Cook. He made his discovery during circumnavigation in 1770
The name "Australia" appeared on maps several centuries before this continent was discovered. Assumptions that there must be a huge continent in the Southern Hemisphere were expressed by the ancient Greeks. But since no one knew anything reliable about the existence of this southern continent, its contours were depicted on the maps very approximately, and the signature near this blurry spot read: "Terra Australis Incognita".
Translated from Latin, this means: "Unknown South Land." This unknown land took up a lot of space on the map. It was believed that in the southern parts of the three oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian - there is the largest continent of the Earth, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich exceeded the total area of \u200b\u200ball the continents known by that time
History of research Willem Janszon
One of the first explored the territory of Australia.
On the ship "Dufken" in 1605 he crossed the Gulf of Carpentaria
and explored 320 km of coastline
in the north of the mainland.
Luis de Torres
In 1606, the Spanish navigator Torres passed through the strait between New Guinea and Australia.
In 1769 it was named Torres Strait.
Find the strait on the map
Abel Tasman
Dutch navigator
Abel Tasman
in 1642-1643 passed
South of Australia and discovered the islands later named
o.Tasmania and New Zealand.
A. Tasman mistook these islands for the peninsulas of the New Holland mainland. (Textbook p.)
In 1644 he explored the northwestern coast of the mainland.
Which geographic features named after this navigator?
James Cook (1728-1779)
In 1770, an English navigator
James Cook Discovered the East Coast
Australia, Great Barrier Reef, completing the discovery of Australia.
What geographical features are named after this navigator?
Robert O'hara Burke
An Irish traveler in 1861 was the first to cross Australia from south to north. Died on the way back.
John Stewart
Scottish explorer John Stewart crossed the mainland twice from south to north in 1862. Contributed huge contribution in the study of the central regions.
Miklukho-Maklai Nikolai NikolaevichRussian scientist in the 1870s was engaged in the study of life, customs, religious rites of the aborigines (Papuans) of New Guinea
Task: Apply to contour map geographic features
Let's summarize!
What continent did you meet?
What features of the mainland do you remember?
Who explored the mainland?
Homework Paragraph - p. Complete the task in the classroom. pp. *message about one of the travelers - the discoverers of Australia;
So, friends, it's time to say goodbye. And I want to wish you: Always willing to learn, Always willing to work. And never be discouraged.
Geographical position. 1. The position of the mainland relative to the equator, the tropics and the prime meridian. 2. Extreme points of the mainland, their coordinates. 3. The position of the mainland in climatic zones. 4. Seas and oceans washing the mainland. 5. The position of the mainland relative to other continents.
General information about Australia. Area: Area: a) without islands - 7.63 million sq. km, b) with islands - 8.89 million sq. km. Extreme points: Extreme points: a) northern - Cape York 10 °, 41 "S b) southern - South East Cape, 39 ° 11" S c) western - Cape Spint Poit 113 ° o 5 "E d) eastern - Cape Byron 153 ° 39" E
General information about Australia. The length of the coastline is 19.7 thousand km. The length of the coastline is 19.7 thousand km. Height of the mainland: Height of the mainland: a) average 215 m, b) maximum - 2230 m, Kosciuszko, c) minimum - -12 m, the level of Lake Eyre. Population (1995) - 28 million people Population (1995) - 28 million people
The uniqueness of the landscapes of Australia. Australia, the smallest continent in terms of size, stands out for its exceptional natural beauty. This continent of relics, which are expressed both in the relief, and in the traces of the former watering of the now arid regions, and in very ancient, highly endemic flora and fauna. The uniqueness of landscapes is associated primarily with the inherent features of the formation of nature in conditions of long-term isolation from other continents. And now Australia is separated from other continents by vast oceanic expanses. Australia, the smallest continent in terms of size, stands out for its exceptional natural beauty. This continent of relics, which are expressed both in the relief, and in the traces of the former watering of the now arid regions, and in very ancient, highly endemic flora and fauna. The uniqueness of landscapes is associated primarily with the inherent features of the formation of nature in conditions of long-term isolation from other continents. And now Australia is separated from other continents by vast oceanic expanses.
Red sand hills Australia is a mainland of deserts, semi-deserts and dry woodlands occupying vast inland plains. Australia is a mainland of deserts, semi-deserts and dry woodlands occupying vast inland plains. -West Australian Plateau, m high -West Australian Plateau, m high
Discovery history. Australia was discovered by Europeans later than other inhabited continents: Australia was discovered by Europeans later than other inhabited continents: -Distance from Europe. - Distance from Europe. The Dutch discovered the mainland. Abel Tasman's expedition collected a lot of information. He explored the northern and northwestern shores of the mainland in 1642-1643 and discovered the island of Tasmania. The Dutch discovered the mainland. Abel Tasman's expedition collected a lot of information. He explored the northern and northwestern shores of the mainland in 1642-1643 and discovered the island of Tasmania. -East coast opened in the XVIII century. Englishman James Cook. -East coast opened in the XVIII century. Englishman James Cook. -WITH late xviii c. the development of Australia begins. -From the end of the 18th century, the development of Australia begins.
Oceania Oceania is the world's largest cluster of islands, located in the western and central parts of the Pacific Ocean, between the subtropical latitudes of the northern and temperate southern hemispheres. When all the land is divided into parts of the world, Oceania is usually combined with Australia into a single part of the world Australia and Oceania, although sometimes it stands out in independent part Sveta
Oceania The total area of the islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people). Geographically, Oceania is subdivided into Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia; sometimes isolated New Zealand
Homework: Fill in the contour map; Fill out the contour map; 1. sign the seas and oceans washing the mainland. 1. sign the seas and oceans washing the mainland. 2. sign the extreme points. 2. sign the extreme points. 3. Great Dividing Range. 3. Great Dividing Range. 4. Victoria Desert. 4. Victoria Desert. Prepare reports on mainland explorers. Prepare reports on mainland explorers. Learn the paragraph. Learn the paragraph.
slide 2
Geographical position.
1. The position of the mainland relative to the equator, the tropics and the prime meridian.
2. Extreme points of the mainland, their coordinates.
3.Position of the mainland in climatic zones.
4. Seas and oceans washing the mainland.
5. The position of the mainland relative to other continents.
slide 3
General information about Australia.
a) without islands - 7.63 million sq km,
b) with islands - 8.89 million sq. km.
Extreme points:
a) northern - Cape York 10°.41"S
b) southern cape Yugo-Vostochny, 39 ° 11 "S
c) Western Cape Spint Poit 113 ° o5 "E.
d) eastern - Cape Byron 153 ° 39 "in the village.
slide 4
The length of the coastline is 19.7 thousand km.
Mainland Height:
a) average 215 m,
b) maximum - 2230 m, Kosciuszko,
c) the minimum is -12 m, the level of Lake Eyre.
Population (1995) -28 million people
slide 5
slide 6
The uniqueness of the landscapes of Australia.
Australia, the smallest continent in terms of size, stands out for its exceptional natural beauty. This continent of relics, which are expressed both in the relief, and in the traces of the former watering of the now arid regions, and in very ancient, highly endemic flora and fauna. The uniqueness of landscapes is associated primarily with the inherent features of the formation of nature in conditions of long-term isolation from other continents. And now Australia is separated from other continents by vast oceanic expanses.
Slide 7
red sand hills
Australia is a mainland of deserts, semi-deserts and dry woodlands occupying vast inland plains.
Western Australian Plateau 400-500m high
Slide 8
waterfall
Mid-altitude Large Dividing
Ridge in the east highest point mainland
Slide 9
Lake Eyre.
Central lowland, where the lowest point of the mainland is located in the Lake Eyre region
Slide 10
Discovery history.
Australia was discovered by Europeans later than other inhabited continents:
Distance from Europe.
The mainland was discovered by the Dutch. Abel Tasman's expedition collected a lot of information. He explored the northern and northwestern shores of the mainland in 1642-1643 and discovered the island of Tasmania.
The east coast was discovered in the 18th century. Englishman James Cook.
The development of Australia begins at the end of the 18th century.
slide 11
Practical work
Fill out the contour map;
1. sign the seas and oceans washing the mainland.
2. sign the extreme points.
3. Big Dividing Range.
4. Victoria Desert.
View all slides
Sections: Geography
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
1. Continue the formation of regional knowledge:
- Creation general idea about the originality and uniqueness of the mainland
- Introducing students to basic information from the history of the discovery of the mainland.
2. Consolidation and development general concepts during their application:
- Improving the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to acquire new knowledge
- Continue developing map skills
- The development of monologue speech
3. Raising a sense of interest in travel and in the subject.
Students will learn:
- Features of FGP Australia
- Basic information from the history of the discovery of the mainland.
- The role of the British in the colonization of the mainland.
Students will learn:
- Make a description of the GP of the mainland.
- Identify on the map the main features of the FGP of the mainland.
- Show the routes of the most important trips.
Equipment:
Computer, presentation “Australia. GP and the history of the discovery of the mainland” (Annex 1) , physical map of Australia, textbooks, atlases, contour maps, route sheets (application 2) .
Lesson type:
Lesson presentation, learning new material.
Reproductive, partially exploratory.
Form of organization of training:
Frontal, individual, group.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment
2. Learning new material
Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson
(Slide 1)
We will conduct today's lesson under the motto "Journey continues" we have to get acquainted with the new mainland. This mainland is Australia. We will learn about how the mainland was discovered, get acquainted with the peculiarities of the geographical position and nature of Australia.
Planning of educational activities
On the example of Africa, we learned different types of work. Now you will work more on your own. For the next 3 lessons, you will act as explorers of Australia. To do this, I will give you special research diaries that you will fill in as you explore the mainland. And the last lesson of the study of Australia, we will conduct in the form of a research report. Today you only need the first page of the diary.
So. Begin.
Where does the study of the mainland begin? Of course since its opening.
(Slide 3) Student's message
“Even ancient scientists assumed that an unknown land exists south of the southern tropic. In the 16th century, cartographers depicted on maps and globes a huge “Unknown Southern Land”
In 1606, the Spaniard Torres discovered the northernmost tip of the mainland and the strait separating it from New Guinea. Later this strait was named Torres. In the first half of the 17th century, the Dutch discovered the northern and western coasts and named this land New Holland.
In 162-43, Abel Tasman went around New Holland along the northern, western and southern coasts. He discovered the island that was then named Tasmania and proved that it was a special continent.”
(Slide 4.) Teacher's words
The English navigator James Cook completed the discovery of the mainland in 1769-70. On the ship Endeavor, he went around the coast of New Zealand, establishing its island position, and explored the strait between the North and South Islands, discovered the Great Barrier Reef and the east coast of Australia, which he declared a British possession (under the name New South Wales). K. passed through the Torres Strait to the west to Java and, having rounded the Cape of Good Hope, returned to England in 1771, having circumnavigated the world in a westerly direction.
(Slide 5) Student's message:
“From the end of the 18th century, the development of Australia began. At first, the British government exiled criminals there. As a colony of convicts, the city of Sydney arose. The study of the hinterland began with the search for pastures and water for the livestock of the settlers. The most famous are such researchers as Leichhardt, who explored the north of the mainland. Robert Burke and James Stewart traveled in the central regions, Forest and Giles explored the southwest. As a result of these studies, not only water and pastures were found, but also the richest deposits of gold. England declared the entire mainland its colony.”
(Slide 6) Teacher's story on the background of the slide show
What is this continent?
Australia is a special continent. He is the smallest. It occupies only 6% of the land. For its size it is sometimes called the mainland-island.
Australia is the lowest continent - 13% above 500m. above sea level.
Australia is the driest continent. ? surface lacks moisture.
This is the only continent where there is not a single volcano.
Australia is the most secluded of the inhabited continents of the Earth. This is the mainland - the reserve. Almost? plant species and 90% of animals are endemic, that is, they are found only on this mainland. And it was opened almost later than all.
This is such an interesting continent.
In the second part of the lesson, we will try to answer the question - where is Australia located. But before a long journey, we need to warm up.
(Slide 7) PHYSMINUTE.
(Slide 8) So, where is this mysterious continent located? How can we answer this question? (need to determine mainland GP)
In your leaflets, the second item is “determination of the GP of the mainland and its coastline”
We will work in groups.
Group 1: determines the position of the mainland on the world map, its extreme points and extent.
Group 2: will determine the oceans and seas washing the mainland and the climatic zones in which it is located.
Group 3: determines the position of the mainland relative to other continents and its coastline.
You have 5 minutes for this activity. Then a representative of each group will report on the work done.
What did we get. Let's listen to the representatives of each group and check their research using a computer.
Representative of the 1st group. ( Explains with a map, then checks on slides 9, 10)
Representative of the 2nd group . (Explains with a map, then checks on slide 11)
Representative of the 1st group. (Explains with a map, then checks on slides 12,13)
You have completed the task. It remains for us to consolidate the acquired knowledge by doing practical work.
Slide 14 Practical work
The coastline objects and extreme points of Australia are written on the board. You need to mark them on the contour map.
Extreme points:
- M. York.
- M. South - East - Point.
- M. Stip - Point.
- M. Byron.
Coastline objects
- Arafura Sea
- coral sea
- tasman sea
- Timor Sea
- Gulf of Carpentaria
- Great Australian Bight
- Torres Strait
- bass strait
- Arnhem Land Peninsula
- Cape York Peninsula
- tasmania island
EXAMINATION:
Students, going to the board, on the screen located on the screen with a felt-tip pen, mark the numbers of the objects written on the board.
3. Reflection
GOOD FELLOWS. Now let's remember what we learned in class today. And let's see how you learned the material. To do this, we will perform several tasks
Slide 15 Task 1.
1. Compare.
A. Tasman
He proved that Australia is an independent continent.
D. Cook
Explored the northwest, discovered about. Tasmania.
Dutch
They discovered the mainland, calling it New Holland.
Slide 16 Task 2.
Finish the sentence:
- Crosses Australia in the middle ... ..
- Australia is entirely in…….
- From the north, the mainland washes ... ..
- The eastern extreme point is considered ...
- The largest bay is...
- The island of Tasmania separates from Australia ....
- Australia is washed from the west by …….the ocean, and from the east by ……..the ocean.
Task 3. work on cards:
Fulfilling homework Andrei plotted the Great Australian Strait and the Tasmanian Peninsula on the contour map, marked the Carpentaria Sea in the north, Arnhem Land Bay in the south, Cape York in the east, and along the western coast the Great Barrier Reef, which ended up in the Atlantic Ocean. He completed the task very carefully, but received a mark of “2”. Why?
Set match:
| 1. m.York | A. 39 0 S 146 0 w.d. |
| 2. m. South - East - Point | b. 26 0 S 113 0 east |
| 3. m. Stip - Point | V. 28 0 S 153 0 east |
| 4. m.Byron | 10 0 S 142 0 east |
Slide 17 Homework:
P.35. know the objects signed with k.k. in the lesson.
Answer the question: Why was Australia discovered later than almost all the continents?
