Knowledge multiplies sorrow
Ecclesiastes
Dear readers, after reading this article, you will most likely have to conduct a complete revision of your knowledge gained at school and higher educational institutions, at least in such disciplines as - history, geography, geology.
So let's go. I show you the logical chain of my reasoning and conclusions.
Today we have a huge number of artifacts that cannot be repeated today due to the lack of technology, equipment and specialists, and which indicate that a global civilization existed on Earth for 200 years and earlier, compared to which we are children in the sandbox. A few examples:
Babolovskaya bath. Granite. Weight 48 tons.
Here is what a turner who visited her writes:
Alexandrian column weighing 600 tons, 27 meters high. Granite. The shape is not a cone, but an entasis. It is impossible to make such a product without rotation in a lathe. Try to order a smaller copy of such a product with an IDEAL radius from any hard foam or wood turner at least 2 meters high and 30 cm in diameter, but requiring only hand tools (planers, chisels, sandpaper) and he will refuse. 
Peru, Ollantaytambo. Polygonal docking of blocks weighing 40-120 tons. You can see the fit level. The blocks are aligned in three planes. 
Cappella Sansevero: Il Disinganno. Made from one piece of marble. It is impossible to make something like this without an advanced CNC machine. Over the past 50 years, nothing even remotely similar in complexity of execution has been made by any sculptor. Even with CNC machines.
marble tombstone at the Monumental Cemetery-Museum of Staglieno in Genoa. 
Stone bridge in Sevastopol. Each polygonal stone of the bridge is essentially a separate sculpture. An example of modern stone work behind the bridge on the left. Wall made of wild stone. By today's standards it is considered quite acceptable. 
Further, all the cities on the planet were built of stone in the antique style with pre-designed layouts of streets, avenues, embankments, etc. All cities had a stone bastion wall, the construction volume of which is often equal to the construction volume of the city itself. More on this in my article:
The geography of the global world before nuclear war on the example of ancient architecture and bastion stars
I will also give a few screenshots from Google Earth, photos of nuclear craters on the territory, for example, Belarus. It is easy to find hundreds of such funnels in almost all countries. White traces around the craters are broken limestone, the main construction material that time. 
In the funnels of Belarus given as an example, there is water, since the level of groundwater is apparently high. But there are a lot of funnels without water on the surface of the planet. For example, in Ukraine: 
As a result of the nuclear winter, almost all plants froze to death and polar caps formed. This confirms the almost complete absence of trees older than 200 years in the northern hemisphere. Some of them burned out in the war, some froze. To visually evaluate this, type Roger Fenton Crimea or James Robertson Crimea in Google and click show pictures. You will see photographs of these two first war photographers sent to the Crimea in 1853 (already after the nuclear war, approximately 40 years later) to photograph the siege of Sevastopol. Compare vegetation then and now.
An example of one photo of Fenton near Sevastopol: 
Type in Google "Siberia photo of the 19th century." You will see many photographs from the end of the 19th century, in which trees have just begun to grow. For example, Sverdlovsk region: 
After this war, we rolled back in development, to the level feudal society. The Anglo-Saxons had a profit, since they got the least, they crushed the remnants of the world for 150 years for themselves, reinvented the coal-fired steam engine and off we go - now the era of oil and gas, nuclear energy and our industrial complex uses the entire periodic table, which he supposedly invented in a dream. In fact, she was simply thrown through it.
Let's move on to the most interesting. I affirm that the current civilization is only a shadow of the bygone one. We are children compared to them. It is impossible to prove this through the industrial equipment of a past civilization, because it was simply disposed of, melted down. For example, after the collapse of the USSR, drunks dug trenches and cables and water pipes were taken out of the ground to be handed over to the metal collection point. But how to prove it? And it's easy. If the bygone civilization was much more developed than ours, then the entire periodic table was also needed for the functioning of its industrial and metallurgical complex. And all isotopes of elements. And there are almost all the elements of the periodic system in the rock and earth. So, I need to show you large-scale traces of the removal of rock from the slopes of the mountains, from the surface of the earth and from underground. As well as traces of processed waste rock after its enrichment at mining and processing plants of the past. This is what we'll do. I will use the analogy method, because it is very clear.
Until the 18th century, residential buildings were built almost exclusively from limestone.
For sawing, advanced machines were used, on which ideal parallelepipeds were made. In the seam of the masonry of such limestone blocks, you will not stick the blade. Here is a photo of a house in the Crimea, the first floor of which is covered with clay for three to four meters, as in all cities in the territory former USSR. In Sevastopol, Simferopol, Feodosia, Kerch, all houses that are sunk into the ground by 3-4 meters have masonry of this quality. 
200 years pass, and in the days of the USSR, such limestone masonry is considered very good: 
Masonry quality as in the first photo is no longer used anywhere. This is called regression.
Now we look at the volumes and for how long limestone, the main building material, was mined on this planet. On the example of the Crimea, since I am from here, the local landscapes and catacombs pushed me on the right path.
This is Eski-Kermen. Illiterate guides will tell you that this is one of the cave cities of the Crimea, where people lived. 
When I asked about this track, I was told that this track was made by the cartwheels of the local nobility. 
Here is another "cave city" of Crimea - Chufut-Kale. 
And this is a modern Crimean limestone quarry. With a sawn-out quarryman's room. Apparently, there is a convenient tool to store. Mentally send this quarry into the future for 10,000-20,000 years, apply the effect of wind and water erosion to it, and what will you get as a result? right, another "cave city" of the Crimea. The track in the top photo, as you understand, was left by a trolley, on which the sawn stone was taken out. Although, in the post-nuclear era, the quarry is a good place for survivalists. Apparently, it was used as a protected town. 
Go ahead. There are thousands of kilometers of catacombs in Crimea where limestone was sawn. Volumes are simply prohibitive. Moreover, it is officially stated that the stone has been mined since the time of the "ancient Greeks", before our era. It was sawn with hand saws and mined with spade chisels. I went on an excursion to the Adzhimushkay quarries. Unfortunately, I didn't take a photo. Traces of circular saws are clearly visible on the ceiling, and the thickness of the disc is 4 mm. The diameter of the disk is about 2 meters - this is clearly visible on the walls, when the block was broken off after cutting, then in the place where the disk stopped, the diameter is clearly visible. Be in the catacombs pay attention.
In this photo, taken before the revolution of 1917, you can see that a segment has been carefully sawn out of a limestone slope, at the bottom of which there is a Railway and houses were built. 
Now a very important shot of the Inkerman quarry (the name of Champagne) taken in 1890. On it we see a sawn passage through a hill 100 meters wide and 80 meters high. Huge niches were cut through the walls, one-story houses stand in them. Under the vertical wall we see small substandard pieces of limestone piled up in the form of a slope and limestone chips that fell from under the saws. Some of these niches are the beginning of the catacombs that extend hundreds of kilometers inland. Large-scale underground limestone mining was carried out. During the Second World War, these catacombs housed a headquarters, a hospital, a tailoring shop, and warehouses. Trucks moved freely inside. During the retreat, the entrances were blown up. By the way, there are ancient catacombs under any city on the planet. Google it. Near Odessa, the length of the catacombs is 2500 km. 
And now we open the manipulation. What is served to you under the guise of rocks, canyons and gorges is nothing more than a career. Both very ancient quarries and relatively recent ones.
So, Crimea, Belogorsk. White rock. This is a limestone quarry. The wall was formed as a result of a cut of a hillside.
At the foot of the wall there is a characteristic mound of limestone chips and substandard. 
Further more. Do you see this passage, from which a mass of limestone was seized in the Bakhchisarai region? He is given out for the valley. The slopes of limestone chips under the walls are already covered with oak forests: 
Compare the top photo of the "gorge" with Inkerman's photo from the 19th century. The embankments near the vertical walls of limestone chips have not yet been overgrown with forest: 
And a picture from 1855 of this place with an aqueduct on the other side. In the background, giant limestone quarries can also be seen. Clickable: 
The same. Bakhchisaray district 
This picture shows the town. It is located at the bottom of an ancient quarry. But it is called the valley, which was washed by the river. That's bullshit. On the contrary, after this mountain sinking, water from a broken aquifer flowed along the bottom of the quarry, or a stream that used to flow along a different route turned here. This is the norm of the day in any career. The river cannot wash out the mountain range that stands in its way. He will be a dam in her path. Many of you who are older have seen in your childhood streams that flow from a vertical wall of limestone. For 30-40 years, this stream has increased the diameter of the hole from which it flows? That's it. 
Well, the scale of stone mining in the small Crimea impresses you? Looking ahead, I will say that this is still trifles. On this planet there is not a single cube of rock, probably 100 meters deep across the entire area, which would not have been mined, ground, chewed and thrown away in due time. This is not a planet, this is a giant quarry where the entire periodic table is mined in the most barbaric way.
And now look at the photo and pay attention to the longline structure of quarries and mines. Extraction of iron ore at the Lebedinsky deposit by open blasting. 
Magnetic mountain, Ural 
Cheremshan nickel mines 
Copper mines, Kennecott Utah Usa 
Vostok Ore Quarry. 
Bingham Canyon Copper Quarry in Utah, USA 
Magnesium quarry in Navarra 
Rotary excavator. Power consumption in the region of 4-5 megawatts. But more on them later. Just remember how he chooses the breed. Forms, in fact, a canyon with large tiers. 
A rotary excavator cuts the mountain range in tiers. Formed a structure with right angles when viewed from above. 
Another excavator chose the rock in a semicircle in front of him 
And now I will show you mountains, mountain ranges, gorges, canyons in places that are practically uninhabited now with various romantic names. Often they are named after some "discoverer". Do academicians and professors from geology and geography really not see this?
"Mountain" on the Kola Peninsula. I don't know the name. 
"Mountains". Antarctica. Selected in a semicircle rock by a bucket wheel excavator in Antarctica, which was only discovered in 1820! 
Antarctica. There are even traces of the tracks of heavy equipment preserved. 
Greenland. Watkins mountains. How do you like the scale of production? 
Greenland. Frankfurt-Los Angeles flight. 
Gunnbjorn. The highest mountain in Greenland. 3700 meters. No problem. Gutted almost completely. 
Svalbard, Norway. Aurora Borealis in front of a quarry 
Antarctica. Transantarctic Mountains. Traces of technology are still visible at the foot 
Antarctica. Transantarctic Mountains. Quarry system. Pay attention to the background. 
Mount Kailash. Tibet. Height 6638 meters! Have you seen that in our time heavy mining equipment was raised to such a height? 
Mount Kailash. Tibet. 
Goblin Valley, State Park Utah, Usa 
Gloss Mountains State Park, Oklahoma, USA. The height of cynicism is to call worked-out quarries national parks. 
Now take a deep breath and look with wide eyes. Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. It's just a giant quarry. Gutted territory. Millions of tourists think that this is almost a wonder of the world, because they were told so. 
Grand Canyon Quarry, Arizona, USA. There are no signs of water erosion anywhere. Only shock-explosive impact on the rock. 
Quarry - Rocks of the Svalbard Archipelago 
Quarry Grand Canyon. Cutting stone with a circular saw. 
Quarry in Australia. Blue Mountains 
Blue Mountains from a different angle 
Blue Mountains. vertical wall. Compare it with the wall of a marble quarry in the Alps, which has not yet been subjected to water and air erosion: 
Marble mining in the Alps 
Giant quarry. I do not know where. The photo is offered as wallpaper on the desktop all over the Internet. 
Caprock Canyons State Park Texas. Again national park created from a spent quarry in the USA 
In worked-out quarries where there is a lot of moisture, people are engaged in farming - Banaue Rice Terraces 
Banaue Rice Terraces 
And here is Canyon De Chelly National Monument. USA. National monument. Here, apparently, mountain driving was done with saws. 
Painted Hills - painted hills in Oregon.
Officially:
This place attracts thousands of tourists every year, especially those interested in geology and paleontology. Of course, a considerable number of photographers also come here in search of magical landscape shots.
Painted Hills - an area protected by the US government and all 1267 hectares of land are the historical heritage of modern Americans.
Mountain Ravine. Impressive volumes. 
South Africa. Orange River and mountains. 
Timna national park in Israel. Timna Quarry in Israel 
Green Canyon Quarry in China 
Flooded quarry - Chervak reservoir in Uzbekistan. 
Flooded quarry Chervak reservoir in Uzbekistan. Another angle 
I'll tell you more. It seems that there are no natural mountains and gorges on this planet. See the photo? This is a giant quarry. Although there are no obvious tiers, it is clear that this is a quarry. I trust my intuition. 
Now let's move on to the scariest part. Now I will show you how deserts are created on Earth. Note how the bucket wheel excavator removes layer upon layer of rock from large areas. 
One more photo. There are 2 of them here. They immediately remove two layers from one area. In the lower left corner, a large bulldozer rides. Assess the scale. 
This photo is clickable. The excavator removes a layer 30-40 meters high. The bottom of the quarry is a huge area and it is absolutely flat like a table. Convenient to move the excavator. 
A couple more photos 
It turns out that on our planet there are quarries the size of several countries or the size of an entire desert. For example, on the territory of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, there are no fertile soils for the most part, because a layer of rock 100 meters thick was removed from almost the entire area of \u200b\u200bthese countries, along with soil and all living things. It's hard to believe, but you have to believe your eyes. It looks like the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea are gigantic flooded quarries. Yes, all the areas on the planet painted yellow in Google maps are the bottom of quarries.
The Boszhira tract is located in the western part of the Ustyurt plateau. Kazakhstan. Can you see that the hills behind the Volkswagen are a wall formed by a bucket wheel excavator? 
Ustyurt Plateau. Clickable. There is a group of cars in the middle of the picture. As far as the eye can see, the top layer of soil 100 meters thick has been removed. If you splash water here with a layer of 15 meters, you get an analogue of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. 
Sea of Azov. Flooded old quarry. The bottom is as flat as a table on which bucket-wheel excavators rolled. The maximum depth is 15 meters. They may have mined thorium. Type in Google - the radioactive sands of Azov. 
The edge of the Karakum desert. Area 350,000 km². Clickable. The impression that some kind of planetary ripper worked on the planet. 
In reality, a quarry. For the population - Yangikala Canyon. Turkmenistan. 
In reality, a quarry. For the population - the Tuzbair Plateau. Kazakhstan 
USA, Monument Valley. Clickable. Previously, the area of \u200b\u200bthis territory was as high as the top of the stub straight ahead. A layer several hundred meters high has been dug. 
USA, Monument Valley. It's the same here 
Namibia. The desert is the bottom of a quarry 
Egypt. The top layer is removed along with the soil. They also burned it with a nuclear one. 
Most of Australia is hidden clean. There is no soil, all red desert. 
Australia. 
Nigeria. Desert. 
The conclusion is this for the deserts: they are completely anthropogenic. Appeared as a result of long-term metallurgical activity. And even more than that. Feel free to replace words in your vocabulary canyon, gorge, rock, ravine, plateau, mountain lake, just a lake- for words quarry, mine And flooded quarry, flooded mine.
On old foreign maps of the 16th and 17th centuries, where the territory of Ukraine, Russia and other former republics is often marked as Tartaria, the rivers flow more or less straight, turning smoothly. Modern rivers in this area meander strongly, sometimes turning 180 degrees. Here, for example, is a screenshot of the Tobol River in Siberia: 
One bank of such rivers is often higher than the other, and this is explained by the strength of Coreolis. I propose not to touch Coreolis and take a look at the following short video of the ERSHRD 5000 bucket wheel excavator and 2 photos of a river in Russia. Sorry for the mat in the video, but it is very visual.
And now a photo of the river in Voronezh region. The place is called "Krivoborye". The river has never flowed through this loop before. It flowed here when the height of the landscape changed after the removal of soil by a bucket wheel excavator. 
Krivoborye from a different angle. On an island in the middle, overgrown with bushes, stood a rotary excavator. 
And what does official science tell us about this career? I quote:
The cliff "Krivoborye" is a huge ravine, a geological section, which is valuable for studying the geological past of the Voronezh region. According to the peculiarities of the soil structure and organic remains, geologists restore natural events that took place here several millennia ago.
The name "Krivoborye" was given in honor of the shape of the forest, which is located on one of its cliffs. This is a pine forest that is home to many large wild animals. Currently, "Krivoborye" is considered a national natural monument. On its territory, any activity is prohibited, except for sightseeing and educational activities. Students of geological and geographical faculties often come to this place to do research.
While all the geologists of the planet are unsuccessfully restoring what natural events took place in Krivoborye several millennia ago, I will do it for them - a bucket wheel excavator 200-300 years ago, judging by the unshaken slope. And this situation is typical for the whole planet. Often in a conversation you can hear accusations of cospirology. They say that it is impossible to hide anything from society. And there is some truth in this. Why hide when everything is in plain sight and no one sees?
Or here's another chutzpah. Obviously, a rotary excavator worked on limestone in Switzerland. But people are being told:
Creux-du-Van, a giant horseshoe-shaped rocky depression 1,400 meters wide and about 200 meters high, a natural amphitheater formed as a result of erosion of rocks in the territory mountain range Jura in the canton of Neuchâtel.
Siberia. Anabar Plateau. Jogjo River 
Go ahead.
We put ourselves in the place of the one who guts the planet and move on to the next metallurgical stage. A rock with a certain content of the desired element was mined. What to do with her next? Before it can be sent for smelting or extraction of the desired element in any other way, the ore must be enriched in order to increase the percentage of content. For this, it is sent to GOKs - mining and processing plants. The concentrate is separated there, and the empty waste rock is taken to a dump or to a waste heap. You logically ask me, where are the deposits of waste rock with such gigantic volumes of ore mining? And I have to show you. Replace words in your vocabulary hill, mound, volcano, hill into words dump and waste heap and everything will fall into place in your head. But it's better to see it once :)
These are waste heaps with waste rock from the Donbass. Their height sometimes reaches 300 meters. Chemical reactions take place inside them, they burn and sometimes explode when excess pressure builds up inside. 
And further 
And this is just a waste heap of Vesuvius in Italy with a height of 1281 meters. But it was called a volcano because it burns and exploded once. And they called it that so you wouldn't guess :) 
Shall we take a look at his caldera? If it's a volcano, then the walls of the caldera must be melted down by liquid lava. And if the waste heap, then the walls will be layered and will consist of crumbly rock that can be dug with a shovel. We look carefully. And what do we see? Terrikon. 
And this is the Klyuchevsky hill. Lit. 4850 meters. 
The Taranaki slag heap in New Zealand. Well, where are the frozen crystallized lava flows? The slopes are entirely composed of loose rock. 
And this is the Santa Anna slag heap in El Salvador 
Exploded top of the slag heap of Popocatepetl in Mexico. Height 5426 meters. 
Terrikon Maly Semyachik, Kamchatka Territory
From Wikipedia:
It is a short ridge with a length of about 3 km along the top, consisting of three merged cones - the ancient northern one, which is the highest (1560 m)
Tolbachik
From Wikipedia:
Volcanic massif in Kamchatka, in the southwestern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. Height - 3682 meters, the structure includes Ostry Tolbachik (3682 m) and Plosky Tolbachik merged with it (active, height - 3140 m). More than 120 cinder cones are located on the slopes of Plosky Tolbachik and in the adjacent Tolbachinsky Dol.
Shlakov, Karl! 
Haven't saved 4 paychecks yet to visit the slopes of the Fujiyama slag heap in Japan? Hurry, it's worth it :) 
We've dealt with the terrikons. Now let's move on to the dumps, which do not have a pronounced conical shape. Here the rule is that if it is loose, layered and can be dug with a shovel, then most likely a dump of waste rock that our ancestors piled up in a hurry to live.
For example, a chic geological park in China Zhangye Danxia. Colored mountains, beauty. Under state protection, of course. Tourists are driven exclusively along paved paths so that, God forbid, tourists do not fall into this toxic waste hen. 
Dump - Mount Schmidtikh, Norilsk 
Or, for example, you are walking along the valley of the Sugran River, in the Pamirs. Heaps of some kind of earth are piled around, nothing grows. And these are dumps. 
The mountains of Pyatigorsk are very similar to waste heaps 
The Philippines is one of the most desirable places to visit on the planet, and if you don't know much about the Philippines, then you should definitely listen to the world-famous island of Bohol. It became famous thanks to the "chocolate hills", which stretched over an area of about 50 square kilometers, in the amount of 1268 regular cone-shaped hills up to 100 meters high. 
In general, you understand the principle. We saw a hill near the house - take a closer look, think about it. Most likely it will be man-made.
And there are no natural caves on Earth. I reviewed a bunch of videos, all the caves are mountain underground tunnels of varying degrees of antiquity, often multi-tiered. Yes, many collapsed, began to look chaotic, but this did not stop them from being artificial.
An important addition about mining waste from a blogger mylnikovdm
By the way, one of the readers on my blog gave an interesting tip.
Many people ask where the tailings dumps are located, which should be commensurate with the scale of production shown.
At the same time, we have a huge amount of sand in the deserts, the origin of which no one has yet been able to really explain, especially when the deserts are located inside the continents. It is likely that the sand is the waste of the enrichment process. If we do chemical beneficiation, then in order to better contact the chemical with the rock, it must be crushed to increase the surface area. That is, sand is best suited for these purposes. At the same time, after enrichment, only waste rock remains, that is, silicon or quartz, and everything else, including metals and their compounds, goes into solution. The waste rock is then discarded.
This version is also supported by the fact that there are a lot of sandy placers on all continents, even in the center of Siberia. At the same time, many of them are located relatively close to the places of extraction, like the same "Grand Canyon" and the Nevada desert in the USA. In Central Asia, the Middle East and Egypt, deserts also coexist with mountains that have traces of mining.
A lot of sand along the river valleys, which also fits into this version. Sand was poured into the river, and the stream carried it along the channel.
Another argument in favor of this version is that in most cases river sand consists of "waste rock", that is, silicon or quartz, and not of those minerals that are found along the riverbed.
The conclusions of this story can be drawn as follows:
1. Production volumes are outrageous. It is obvious that on Earth it is consumed well if 5% of the extracted. The earth looks like someone's giant quarry. Perhaps humanity simply serves this quarry.
2. People come and go, states appear and collapse, nations are formed, clash foreheads and disappear. One thing doesn't change:- God's millstones grind slowly but surely
The end point of our route, apparently the same as in the picture below. But even so, God's millstones will most likely not stop, so we humans will kindly design and build self-replicating robots by the time they take our place. They will not depend on the composition of the atmosphere, and we will go down in history. By the way, now you know what the "volcanoes" on Mars are :) 
But the logic of the process suggests that those who profit from this will not be very upset by our departure from the stage. Apparently, he is not here, he does not live here. I would like to know who this person is. As we all know, between the Lord (master), whose name cannot be named and you need to write through a dash like G-d and we are intermediaries - God's chosen ones. They would have to ask. Ordinary Jews hardly even knew what I showed in this post. But seniors know for sure. Start asking. We need a dialogue on this. In general, Judaism and religions derived from it, in the light of the revealed facts, seem to be a planetary management system - a quarry for a percentage. From time to time, when employees get into the topic and start to rebel, it is necessary to arrange a restart of the system by organizing wars and a generation gap. And since we got the idea what's what, it will probably start soon :) But what to be, it cannot be avoided. Power is in the truth. And the truth is that a society that lives in a closed system, continuously reproducing and determined to consume more tomorrow than yesterday - is doomed as soon as it reaches the ceiling on the amount of available energy or territory. It is possible to develop and multiply infinitely only in the infinite Universe. If we do not break out of the Earth quarry, we are doomed.
But on the other hand, if they wanted to hide it, then Sergey Brin would never have made a public service Google Maps, Google Images, and just Google. And no one would ever collect material on this topic in a heap in one place. So, not everything is so simple.
And for a snack, I want to show a couple of videos on the topic:
the last 40 seconds of the video are especially relevant
And the second one:
Bye then! Look for those who know the answers to questions and feel free to ask.
He raised the topic in his article that the canyons in North America, and in particular the Grand Canyon, are ancient quarries. There are constant discussions: what is it really? Many leaned towards their man-made appearance. Let's look at the example of Gooseneck SP Canyon, Utah, USA.
The San Juan River flows through the canyon. The depth of the canyon is 300 meters. And of course, it's a national park.
Why does the river make such a turn? Why didn't you wash the plateau directly?
And here - three turns in a row!
The two-level territory looks very strange. As if they removed the upper part of the soil, leaving the type of mesas. Or is it torn off by the waters of the flood?
The San Juan River is partly flat and partly canyon.
If this is an ancient quarry, then dumps are visible here (darker color of the soil). Or the remains of layers of soil.
Such examples can be given more (we will not touch the well-known Grand Canyon in Arizona).
Canyonlands The Maze Aerial.
This landscape is generally difficult to explain.
It's hard to imagine what happened here. Where is all the soil that was level with the remnants of mesas?
I have looked at examples like this for a long time. Examples like this have often been sent to me as potential sites for the title of "ancient quarry". But I always have a share of doubts in any side of the issue. I remembered the meandering flat rivers.
Why don't lowland rivers flow straight? After all, straight is the movement with the least work and resistance.
Figurative question in the picture.
River in the highlands of Peru
In these examples, it is clearly not the relief.
Official explanation:
Example: a river flows strictly straight on level ground. And suddenly, in the riverbed, there is some kind of heterogeneous place, which will lead to the fact that the river will bend a little due to erosion of the soil. Such a curvature will not be straightened, but will be further strengthened. Since under the new conditions the mass of water will move in an arc, a centripetal force will act on the water - this is the impact of the coast on the river. Accordingly, the water will act on the shore with exactly the same force - we recall Newton's third law. And since the water will act on the soil of the coast, the coast will begin to be washed away, thereby increasing the curvature of the channel.
In addition, water circulation occurs in the vertical plane in the mass of water, which leads to the transfer of earth particles from the outer (washed) coast to the inner one. This leads to the movement of the channel towards the outer bank, that is, to a greater curvature. By the way, that is why the inner bank, as a rule, is gentle and the river is shallow, while the river is much deeper near the outer bank.
It is worth noting that a similar movement of water is also observed in a glass of water - this explains why the tea leaves gather in the center of the bottom (which can be likened to the inner shore).
Thus, if you see a very straight and long section of the river, it was done artificially.
Confusing, like winding rivers. Here's more scientific explanation on video:
At the end of the speech, it was said: due to the speed of the current, a deep river will deepen more and more, and a shallow one will silt up. Everything is beautiful in this model. But most of all I liked the example of the meandering flow of water in this video:
Here, nothing interferes with the flow of water in the form of soil heterogeneities. But the stream still flows meandering like rivers.
Most of all in understanding these processes, Viktor Schauberger came up in his time. Here is a documentary about him: "Understand and imitate nature".
The above does not answer the question: why did the flow pass through the plateau? Especially in the Grand Canyon? The stream crosses the hill there. How is this possible? My explanation is this: the washout was caused by the flow of flood water, or the rapid melting of the ice cap, when there was North Pole. Only gigantic streams of water, hundreds of meters high, could do such a thing. However, the question is still that the flood waters would cover the territory and canyons. I will not rule out the version that there was an exit of the waters of the underground ocean under pressure, somewhere in this territory of the hill. Such water washed out the canyons, starting precisely from the hill, flowing down to the plain. Just like in the Bible: and the firmaments of heaven and earth opened up.
But the version of the ancient quarry-canyon cannot be discounted to the end. It also has reason to exist.
Here is my refutation of the version of ancient quarries, at least in relation to the Goosenecks canyon. As the saying goes: "Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer..."
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On the Internet, the topic of the presence of ancient and at the same time giant quarries on Earth has been repeatedly raised.
Somewhere there are vivid examples, like the Conder structure. Somewhere not so expressive and contrasting, but also thought-provoking examples. But there are many more examples to show. Most of them raise the question: what was mined? Sometimes you can find out the answer simply (as with the same Konder - there are platinum deposits), but somewhere there is no answer. This time, let's go through most of the examples of copper quarries, see if there is a hint in the types of modern workings that mining was already carried out in these places a very long time ago. And on such a scale that modern man and didn't dream...
Deposits of copper ore. One of the types of this ore: chalcopyrite (from the Greek χαλκóς "copper" + pyrite) is a mineral from the sulfide group, a synonym is copper pyrite. The chemical formula is CuFeS2.
Origin. The so-called "copper sandstones" - sandstones containing chalcopyrite and other copper compounds, also arose due to hydrothermal solutions coming from magma chambers through zones of tectonic faults. Hydrothermal waters, in contact with calcite cementing sandstones, metasomatically replaces it with sulfide compounds. Chalcopyrite also forms among sedimentary rocks, standing out from surface waters rich in copper compounds, especially blue vitriol. In addition, chalcopyrite is released during the crystallization of basic and felsic magmas and occurs as inclusions in basic and felsic igneous rocks. Copper pyrite is also of volcanic origin (Kounrad deposit in Kazakhstan).
It caught my eye: "hydrothermal solutions". This means that once these deposits were formed by water coming out of the ground, which washed out the rock, forming a solution, a slurry.
Or: "Chalcopyrite is also formed among sedimentary rocks, standing out from surface waters." A hint that the rock was formed from deposits of mudflow masses of the flood. And according to the photographs of the area, which will be given below, this can be traced.
Place of Birth. In Eurasia, copper ore deposits are located in Kazakhstan - Kounradskoe, Dzhezkazganskoe and others, Central Asia (Almalyk), in the Urals (Karpushinskoe, Levikhinskoe, etc.), in Georgia (Madneuli), in Eastern Siberia, Orenburg region(Gaiskoe, Blyavinskoe, Autumn, Spring, Dzhusinskoe, Badger Log). Copper-nickel deposits have been discovered in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Talnakhskoye, Oktyabrskoye, Norilskoye. The Udokan deposit (Chita region) is famous.
The largest copper deposit in the world is located in Chile - the Esconida quarry.
Other major deposits:
mines on the Kivino Peninsula (USA, Michigan);
the Chuquicamata mine in Chile (up to 600 thousand tons per year);
mine "Korokoro" Bolivia;
Gumishevsky mine (Middle Urals, Russia) - now exhausted;
the Levikha river valley (Middle Urals, Russia);
array of gabbro (Italy).
So, let's look at some deposits, quarries from this list:
Esconida, Chile
Huge quarry. Large deposits of native copper have been discovered here.
Pay attention to the hills on the left in the photo. It doesn’t look like a mountain range, but it looks like randomly piled waste heaps, dumps. Do you see two elongated rectangular mounds near the quarry? Would there be square - why not the soil pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico? Or maybe there are not pyramids in Teotihuacan, but dumps from mines, dungeons, which archaeologists have recently found. But they didn’t think of studying the content of metals under the “pyramids”. Let me remind you that quite recently these pyramids looked like hills: Mexican pyramids before restoration
Hilly area near the mine. Does it look like waste heaps, embankments, dumps? In my opinion, quite. Map link
A little north of this place Eskonida is another deposit of copper ore:
Dumps of a copper mine in Chuquicamata, Chile.
It is very likely that these are modern dumps on top of the ancient ones. It is possible that the ancients were smoothed out by the waters of the flood. Map link
Modern dumps will be washed away by rare rains, winds will turn and in a hundred years they will turn into hills, it will not even be clear that they were dumps.
Foreground - modern dumps. Far - ancient?
There are even installations for paste thickening of ore beneficiation products. We will talk about this topic next time.
Next location:
Bingham Canyon, Utah, USA. Copper ore was found here in 1850, and 13 years later they began to develop the deposit. As of 2008, the quarry has reached a depth of 1.2 km, a width of 4 km, and an area of 1,900 acres. About 450 thousand tons of rock were extracted from the quarry daily.
View from above. Maybe it's our picking in the giant recycled dumps, which we now call the mountains of sedimentary origin?
Quarry with reverse side
Bingham Canyon is closed due to a giant landslide that covered machinery, equipment and destroyed part of the complex of buildings located at its edge. The incident happened on April 11, 2013.
The volume of waste rock that was piled at the edge of the quarry over the years could not withstand the pressure and part of the slope slid down under its own weight.
Digressing, I will say that it is not at all excluded that such landslides from high hills, consisting of sedimentary rocks, are the destruction of those very ancient dumps. Sedimentary rocks in such high peaked hills do not add up during mountain building. Aerial view of an area damaged by landslides in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The picture was taken on October 3, 2009 after the earthquake. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara). Landslides are a separate issue. Maybe I'll cover it in future posts.
Unnatural black hills in the vicinity of the Corocoro mine, Bolivia. It is very similar to dumps, which stand out in color from the rest of the hills. Link to place
Silver mines of Potosi, Bolivia
Mount Sero Rico. Link to place
The hill stands out (especially from a height) with its unnatural appearance and color against the backdrop of mountains
In this mountain there are silver mines, where silver is mined in an artisanal way. But perhaps this is just re-mining.
The town of Potosi itself is located on level ground, possibly on ancient dumps.
Modern dumps on the slopes of the hill
Can you tell the ancient dumps from the modern ones?
South. Looks like the dumps are a couple of hundred years old? But in fact, these mountains are millions of years old - this is what geology tells us
Modern dumps are piled on top
Geology says that all this is an outpouring of tuffs and lavas millions of years ago. Hence the layering in the rocks. Perhaps there is no mystery here.
Nearby is a sludge lake (drainage after ore beneficiation)
"Terraces" near Kaerkan (view to the west) - also near Norilsk. Map link
And this is near the Kaerkansky coal mine. How do you like the similarity?
Together
Grasberg, Indonesia
Grasberg is considered the highest quarry in the world, it is located at an altitude of 4285 meters above sea level. The development of the quarry began in 1973. On this moment the quarry reached a depth of 480 meters.
This, of course, is a modern quarry and there were no more ancient workings here. But the analogy here is different, a little lower
The Grasberg deposit is the largest gold mine and the third largest copper open pit, as well as the highest open pit in the world. It is located in the province of Papua in Indonesia, near Punchak Jaya, the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea. The development employs 20 thousand employees. In 2006 there was a production of 610,800 tons of copper; 58,474.392 kilograms of gold and 174,458.971 kilograms of silver.
Take a look at these terraces
The analogy is this:
Familiar place? Machu Picchu
All familiar terraces
Maybe the rest of the terraces are hidden by trees?
The official conclusion of historians: these are the Inca agricultural terraces, Moray.
This is Cusco. Peru. And historians wonder why all these terraces were made? Looks like a small quarry?
Historians are not surprised that the Indians of South America had a huge amount of gold items. How and where was it obtained? Did they calculate how much rock should be shoveled before mining and smelting 1 kg of gold? They have an answer - everything was found in native form, almost in ingots. Now, for some reason, nuggets are rare.
Well, why did the Incas need to dig such holes and arrange terraces for agricultural plantings in them, when you can just plant your corn, lentils on flatter territories? Right? But the terraces of a quarry are the most suitable explanation.
This is also Peru. It is possible that the Indians who came to these places were able to ennoble the terraces for their crops. Or they were helped so that they could survive in the mountains.
And before them it was like this:
Terraces of Ollantaytambo
Many are wondering why it was necessary to make such huge steps and steps for the normal growth of a person.
Also Ollantaytambo. Perhaps the entire slope is the terrace of an ancient quarry.
There are also terraces in Indonesia:
But this is all the work of the locals, who created it with hoes on the slopes in the clay hills.
Bali
For example, in ancient times there were quarries, but in our time secondary mining is impossible on their dumps - everything is worked out there. It turns out that this is far from the case. In the dumps of former workings, a lot of gold dust and small particles remained. They are taken out modern technologies flushing with hydromonitors.
Retreat from gold mining. Johannesburg, South Africa. We decided to re-wash.
Here it was poured when raising the rock from the gold mine
And now they lead excursions to the mines
In the city itself there are other hills - dumps from gold mines:
How do you like modern pyramid mounds?
The volume of extracted rock is simply huge!
This, too, is waste rock dumps of gold mines.
It is possible that these hills on the outskirts of the city are more ancient dumps. By the way, there are many lakes near the city, including round ones - like quarry
Flooded quarries
Mine dumps near residential areas
Growing dump
In 50-100 years, these dumps will be eaten by erosion, they will overgrow and the information about their origin will be forgotten, because all the gold has already been worked out in this place. And they will begin to be called simply natural hills.
These are the examples I showed this time. You may agree with this, you may not. But I think it's worth thinking about a lot.
More detailed and a variety of information about the events taking place in Russia, Ukraine and other countries of our beautiful planet, you can get at the Internet Conferences that are constantly held on the website "Keys of Knowledge". All Conferences - open e and completely free. We invite all waking up and interested ...
Original taken from
Good afternoon dear readers.
I suggest you continue to rock the dilapidated building with a sign over the entrance - "the official history of mankind." Many readers in the comments to my last article - "Industrialized civilization has existed on Earth for tens of thousands of years", located here -
frequently asked questions:
1. What does the author smoke?
2. Can he sleep?
I answer:
1. In my free time I often smoke books and articles on a variety of topics.
2. Maybe. I'm sleeping right now :)
As the title of the article shows, we will talk about uranium mining in the USA, but not only. The material will be much wider. I will try to give you all the search queries that I used, so that you can independently not only check the information, but also personally participate in the discovery of new interesting facts. Very soon you will realize that the man in the photo above with the "Stop the uranium mine" poster protesting the opening of new uranium quarries in the Grand Canyon, without knowing it, is protesting like a bee against honey. In fact, he is protecting an ancient uranium mine from further development! Oxymoron:)
One of the rules that I use to search for traces of resource extraction by an industrial method in ancient times is this: if a certain resource was previously mined in one place and the entire volume was not exhausted to the end, then other people, no matter how many years later, will return to this place and continue prey. I will illustrate this thesis with an example from the Crimea. There are two limestone quarries in the video. One is modern, and opposite it, across the road, is ancient. Judging by water and wind erosion, the ancient one is several thousand years old. Be sure to check it out for clarity. The video is short, only 30 seconds.
Following this rule, you can easily download maps of active modern deposits from the Internet in any country or region for any element of the periodic table of interest, as well as for any combination of elements, and then just visually compare. It's easy, educational, fun. Like a game quest. To search for such cards, use the search words:
Map mineral resources Russia
The map of the mineral resources of the region is such and such
Minerals map of Russia
Minerals map of the area such and such
map of copper ore reserves
map of uranium ore reserves
map of bauxite reserves
and so on. Then click show pictures.
By analogy, repeat the search in different languages.
Now I will show you the example of an ancient mine - the Grand Canyon in the USA: 
I found a US map showing high uranium areas by searching for uranium mining reserves Usa: 
And the second card 
I then compared the top maps to the location of the Grand Canyon: 
The canyon fell into the zone of maximum uranium concentrations. Then I narrowed down the search criteria and began to read the material on demand Grand Canyon Uranium mining. And found some interesting stuff. I demonstrate some of them:
Article titled
Uranium mining near the Grand Canyon should be permanently banned
And a map with applications for uranium mining around the Grand Canyon from the article: 
And the second card 
the map clearly shows that the undeveloped areas around the Grand Canyon are of great interest to uranium mining companies. Do you understand what I'm getting at? :) That is, earlier, they did not have time to fully develop all the uranium-containing rock in this area. They worked out only the volume, which later became the Grand Canyon. In the "Canyon" area there are a lot of decently "fading" places, as signs warn about:
Well, how? Is history starting to play with new colors for you? Someone long ago had a huge amount of uranium in their hands, which could be used both for energy and for nuclear war. Are you still interested official stories about how past generations exchanged sable skins for hemp and sailed on oared wooden galleys and sailing gulls? They probably changed and swam, but studying this simple life is like studying the history of the Maori people in Australia now, while such transnational mining corporations as BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto, Glencore Xstrata and Alcoa are operating next to them .
Using the example above, you can now independently explore the terrain in your area. And thus, by cooperating, in contact with miners, workers in the mining and processing industry, who know those processes from the inside, you can complete this puzzle. Remember all:)
Now you need to imagine that you have a planet in front of you, on which you need to deploy a full-fledged mining and processing industry. You have a limited amount of equipment. The first thing you will start with is to increase its quantity. What is needed in the first place for this? Energy. Any manipulation of matter requires energy. And then steel. No machine or plant can be built without a wide range of different grades of steel. And to produce steel, you need iron ore, alloying additives - chromium, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, etc., coal and flux limestone.
Coal is generally needed for the process of reduction of any metal oxides. Oxygen atoms in the blast furnace as a result of reduction chemical reaction taken away from the metal oxide and added to the carbon contained in the coal. Limestone and dolomite are used as fluxes in the metallurgical processing of ores in order to form fusible slags for easier removal of impurities. " Their widespread use in ferrous metallurgy is due to the fact that a significant amount of basic oxides is required for fluxing the waste rock of ores and coke ash. In addition, most production processes are aimed at removing harmful impurities that can be completely or partially removed from the melt when working on basic slags. For the formation of the latter, significant additions of the main flux are necessary. The most important requirement for them is a low content of silica, alumina and harmful impurities (sulfur and phosphorus)". That is, without limestone - nowhere.
Here is the blast furnace loading scheme. Limestone - limestone, coal - coal, iron ore - iron ore: 
With coal, everything is clear from my last article - all the burning cone volcanoes are, most likely, coal heaps. Here, by analogy with the coal heaps of Donbass, you need to understand. They contain a decent amount of residues of coal dust and crumbs, and therefore such spoil heaps and volcanoes-heaps burn very actively. The color of the constituent rock in the Donbas waste heaps and volcanoes is the same. You can try to compare the location of volcanoes with a map of coal basins in different countries.
By the way, in response to the statement that volcanoes are burning heaps, a critical remark was received that heaps cannot have a layered structure inside, as in the photo:
Volcano-terrikon Nyamlagira: 
And they should have a uniform structure inside, like an anthill cake. I put forward a counterargument: cone heaps are poured using transport tapes, as in the photo:
A similar process can be observed in an hourglass. With this method of filling, layers of different colors of the rock will inevitably form and the layers will be parallel to the surface of the slopes of the waste heap. The photo below shows the result of emulating this process. It's called stratification. 
That is, volcanoes are waste heaps. Here is another very clear proof of this statement:
45 years ago in the Donetsk region there was an explosion of a waste heap, which contemporaries included in the list of man-made disasters in Ukraine. The article is called - "Looking around, I involuntarily recalled the painting "The Last Day of Pompeii"". Quote:
June 10, 1966, at 23.00, from the old waste heap of the mine named after Dimitrov trust "Krasnoarmeyskugol" in the city of Dimitrov ( Donetsk region) broke off a piece with a total volume of 33 thousand cubic meters. Hot multi-ton boulders and a loose mass of red-hot rock slid onto a residential village, burying a dozen houses with people under them. After the displacement of rock masses from the cavity formed in the lateral part of the hundred-meter waste heap, as from the mouth of a volcano, hot ash, dust and steam were ejected, the temperature of which reached 3000 (!) degrees. The tragedy that happened was first written about only 30 years later ...
By the way, on the shores of seas and rivers, you can often see a conical mountain half-collapsed from the side of the water, consisting of layered sandstone. Perhaps this is an ancient compressed waste heap. Examples in the photo:
Now let's move on to the extraction of iron ore. I want to show you some interesting analogies. The last article already featured photos of China's geological park - Danxia: 
I will add the town of Purmamarca, Andes, Argentina 
Hornocal Mountains, Argentina 
Mountains of Vinicunca, Peru 
Compare them to the following dumps:
Colorful depleted iron ore dumps 
Iron ore 
Iron ore 
Let's return to the town of Purmamarca in Argentina. Let's look at a fragment of the Andes mountain range from the satellite coordinates: -23.654545, -65.653234. Raise the camera, take a screenshot of the area, ~ 150 km wide:
Click the picture to enlarge. 
In the screenshot, I circled in red a small fragment of the Andes, with a diameter of 100 kilometers. These are colored dumps from mining and metallurgical activities, and it was naturally mined here, not only iron, but the entire periodic table. You can zoom in on the camera and take a look. And it is better to inspect all the Andes at once. A sure sign of dumps and waste heaps is the erosion of their slopes. It appears under the influence of precipitation. The slopes are covered with waterholes. If you see mountains whose slopes are covered with such waterholes, then these mountains are formed from loose materials. Hard rock fragments can even stick out of their tops, but don't let that bother you, as exothermic reactions often take place inside dumps and waste heaps and loose material can melt. It may even just sag. A prime example is sandstone. A hard rock formed from sand.
Photos of dumps with water holes: 
You should take a closer look at the hills and mountains with such erosion. The shape of the mountains does not really matter, it can be any, especially considering the repeated recycling of dumps. 
Layers of different colors in the dumps are formed in this way: 
Note the bottom of the salt lake in the satellite screenshot above. I circled it in green. It is called Salinas Grandes and is 45 km long. The distance from it to the ocean is 450 km: 
Here are pictures of the lake and surroundings 
There are two things you need to know about this salt marsh and (and thousands like it on the planet):
1. It is being re-mined. Salt, potash, borax and soda are mined.
2. And the second thing that is directly related to these types of lakes is this:
Methods of chemical processing of ores can be divided into two main groups: acidic and alkaline. As a result of the dissolution of mineral raw materials, the elements of interest and their compounds pass into solution, from which they are then removed by thickening filters and vacuum filters. The brine remaining from the process is drained into sludge storage tanks.
The sludge accumulator is the main type of surface storage, which is constructed according to a single or multi-stage principle with the creation of a dam, banks, and also a sludge storage. In the sludge reservoirs, natural processes occur - the accumulation of atmospheric precipitation, the development of microorganisms, the occurrence of oxidative and other processes, i.e. self-healing is in progress, however, due to the presence of a large number salts with a general lack of oxygen, the process of self-healing takes tens and hundreds of years.
Google pictures by tags sludge accumulator, tailings or tailing pond.
I will show you photos of working sludge collectors. They accumulate tens of meters of liquid waste thickness.
Tailings pond at Stawell mine 
Tailings dam at Tanjianshan. To create a sludge reservoir, a dam is being built. Over time, on ancient dry sludge reservoirs, the dam can degrade and lose its shape. This will make it possible to pass off the object as a salt marsh. 
Tailings dam The Sierrita Copper Mine. Sludge dam at the Sierrita copper mine. 
Sludge accumulator - Belaruskali. Future mountains on the horizon and a dry salt lake. 
Alberta Tar Sands Tailings Pond 
Tailings Pond Ernest Henry Mine 
Highland Valley Copper EYNAKR sludge dam construction 
Here is a diagram of the sludge reservoir dam. Sludge -tailings is marked in gray: 
Sludge collector options 
Sometimes sludge reservoir dams break through. And then the sludge floods the settlements located below: 
Consequences of the breakthrough in Hungary. This is sludge from the processing of bauxite. Aluminum mining 
Consequences of a breakthrough in Brazil 
Most reservoirs, by the way, with earthen dams, are former careers used as flooded sludge storages. I am engaged in spearfishing, and dived in many of them in the Crimea. In the Partizansky reservoir, the Simferopol reservoir, the Happy reservoir. Everywhere one and the same picture was observed - underwater ledges, horizontal shelves of the bottom of a large area, for example, at 5-7 meters of depth, which, at a considerable distance from the coast, abruptly break off in a steep slope inland. The composition of the bottom is white lime pulp, fine lime chips. and often it is impossible to dive to the bottom, because the transparency at a depth of 7-12 meters drops sharply to zero due to the white lime emulsion, which, as if by level, is in a horizontal plane.
Here is a photo of the Schastlivensky reservoir in the Crimea. The hills in the background are loose. Dumps: 
In support of this statement about reservoirs, I present an interesting piece of news. After Crimea returned to Russia, we switched to Russian standards. And Lake Gasfort near Sevastopol, where I also dived, quietly moved from the status of a reservoir to the status of a sludge reservoir. At the same time, Lake Gasfort remains a reserve source of water supply for Sevastopol. 
And even a small lake in Pirogovka near Bakhchisarai, 16 m deep, where I shot pike, turned out to be flooded with a sludge trap. At the bottom of fat white-gray silt. On one side, the water mirror is supported by an earthen dam. And on the horizon, either sawn limestone terraces, or dumps of lime chips. Virgin Crimea, the pearl of Russia :) Clickable: 
In modern metallurgy, the turnover has fallen, of course. There used to be scope. Dead Sea, Israel. Huge ancient sludge collector. Moreover, at first it was a quarry. And after the breed was chosen, they began to use it as a sludge accumulator. This is a logical and common practice: 
The current water level in the Dead Sea has fallen. I believe the backing dam is much higher than the level. Circled in red: 
Great Salt Lake. Great Salt Lake. USA. 117 km length: 
Great Salt Lake. The length of the backing dam is 17 km: 
Tuz Golu. Türkiye. 905 meters above sea level. 75 km length 
Nau Co Lake, Tibet. Height above sea level 4378 meters. Next to it are large-scale colored dumps. Clickable 
Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah
The Bonneville Desert, about 240 sq km, is known for the extraction of salt, the same table salt (90% of the total production in the USA), as well as other mineral salts, potassium, magnesium, lithium, soda 
On the surface of dried sludge pits, people set speed records: 
In general, you understand the principle. If you are interested, run Google maps, look for white salt spots on the continents, zoom in, look for the remains of dams, there will be dumps with erosion on the slopes nearby. Look at the maps of mineral resources to see what is currently being mined in these areas, what explored minerals are, and the picture will begin to emerge. But it should also be noted that there is a reasonable version of the overflow of salt water by tidal water from the oceans inland, so salt lakes close to the coastline can form for this reason. Therefore, to be sure, you can start to analyze the salt lakes and deserts located high in the mountains. In Tibet, for example, there are 250 salt lakes.
Now we turn to the extraction of limestone, without which it is impossible to remove slag when smelting metal from ore. Above, I showed that a lot of metals were mined. So limestone is needed a lot. In the first article, I showed the scale of limestone mining in the Crimea. But then I thought that it was used mainly for construction. It turns out not. It was and is used as a flux, for the production of soda, quicklime. And as a means of neutralizing the pH of sludge pits. This reduces the level of environmental threat. In general, limestones are very widely used in metallurgy, food, pulp and paper, coke, glass and paint industries. We turn to photo materials on limestone:
These are the chalk waste heaps of Slavyansk. 
It can be seen that their local population is slowly tearing them down - chalk is useful both for whitewashing and for the soil as an additive. 
I will write an assumption about such an important aerospace metal as aluminum. It is mined from bauxite, the main mineral raw material for the aluminum industry. Looks like clay. Keyword to search - bauxite mining. Mining scheme: 
As can be seen from the diagram, the fertile soil goes to the dump. Then a layer of bauxite is removed from a large area. Photo of modern production:
Bauxita Paragominas, Brazil 
Bauxite mining 
Brazil, bauxite mining 
Alcoa bauxite mines 
Kuantan bauxite road red. Red bauxite road in Kuantan, Malaysia 
Rio Tinto's Bauxite Mine at Andoom, Australia 
Given the scale of the metallurgy of the past, shown by me above, the question arises - where did the soil go in a number of countries Latin America, Africa, Australia and other countries? If vegetation is not disturbed for thousands of years, not even forests, but meadow and savannah, then a layer of humus will form. But we see such landscapes in these countries:
Africa 
Africa 
Australia 
Brazil 
Australia 
Australia 
Namibia 
Namibia 
Namibia 
There is something to think about. In what year, according to legend, the king was presented with aluminum spoons, which were valued more than gold? :)
I'm rounding up on this. I hope you were interested and you will solve many more interesting riddles as a crossword puzzle using google maps in your free time.
Bye!
ps: I congratulate all girls and women on the upcoming day of the defender of matchy:) Happy March 8 to you! Happiness, love and keep your tail with a gun.
On Earth, there are many rock formations of bizarre natural origin. The arguments of geologists and scientists that nature is capable of this, because.
the process of obtaining what we see took more than one million years. But there are no detailed models, with diagrams, elementary calculations, in any textbook.And these opinions official science It is difficult to even call it a hypothesis, much less a theory. These are just versions. I'm not talking about all the fancy objects. But there are many such processes of natural forces that stand out from the category. In this article, we look at the next ones, and let everyone draw conclusions about what it is: natural or artificial.
This topic of my fellow countryman and colleague izofatov is more and more overgrown with facts, though not always direct, indirect, but still, with a larger volume of examples and reflections than geologists on these objects. I know that many think when they see articles like this. This is an appeal to them.
The first object we will consider is the Devil's tower, USA
Map link
As you can see even from this photo, this is something of igneous origin, originally plastic, although everything around is from sedimentary rocks. Every year the rock is visited by thousands of tourists and climbers. Its unusualness - lures the human eye. This is how a person works - he reaches out for what he cannot explain.
Rock in Wyoming, USA. It is a monolith of volcanic origin with a height of 1556 m above sea level and a relative height of 386 m. The Devil's Tower was formed from a magmatic melt that rose from the depths of the Earth and froze in the form of elegant columns. The Devils Tower is estimated to be between 225 and 195 million years old. The host rocks are dark red sandstones, silts with shale layers.
Immediately the question is - how can this be an igneous rock, if the rock contains sandstones? And this is not even granite (recrystallized rock with sandstone), there is not a word about it. Let's remember this fact.
As they say - side view. In terms of structure, it is an igneous rock that cracked into hexagons during its cooling, when it came out of a round hole in the ground. Although faults of such forms are not observed. But that's what official geology says.
If you look closely, you can see that the foot of the massif is just a stone massif with cracks of a chaotic shape, above there are regular hexagonal-tubular formations, which again have more cracks.
Another observation - at the foot, these tubes are bent, as if they initially came out at an angle to the surface, then they closed the circle and climbed vertically shoulder to shoulder. Or cracking at the foot for some reason went at an angle. Strange.
At the foot of the cliff there are volumes of kurumnik - these are collapsed segments.
Panorama kurumnika at the foot of the cliff
Do the hexagons themselves “climb” from erosion, or did they initially have a surface layer of a different structure in their structure? It's also unclear.
Some segments have an equally strange ribbed surface.
Segments with horizontal cracks
Why the segments have a more or less regular shape, and are at an angle below, as if, on the contrary, they were squeezed out from a height through the honeycombs. The mass first fell, turning into a shapeless substance, then rested on the surface, and began to spread to the sides, when the efforts of gravity or external influence became insufficient - the segments stood up vertically and everything ended abruptly, forming a flat top. I tried to explain what I see from the standpoint of the logic of the process and the forces that give rise to this formation.
Yes, it’s fantastic, it looks like the science fiction film “Oblivion”, where water was pumped out of the Earth, and in our case, taking the soil, processing it in something (izofatov calls them directly, Vedically - vimanas) and throwing (squeezing out) on surface already unnecessary mass. Because of the heat treatment, it quickly petrified. And since the mass at the top of the rock has a large fracturing, I can assume that the temperature of the rock remains was much higher than the previous masses.
And this technology of dumping the processed rock includes all the remnants, pillars, walls, which, like the Devil's Tower, are not clear rocks (under-granites) - like the Krasnoyarsk pillars, for example, in composition from syenite.
What was extracted from these masses of soil or other rocks. Most likely, rare earth metals, which, for example, are on our planet, but they are few on other planets.
If we take into account all versions of the formation of this rock, then there is a version of impact origin from axsmyth, who claims that this rock outcrop occurred as a result of a breakdown of the earth's crust by a dense and very high-velocity asteroid. And in fact, there is a crater seven kilometers to the west:
Diameter 850 meters
Another selection of similar formations:
Unfortunately, I don't know where it is.
Ireland. Path of the Gods (Road of the Giants)
If this is natural, then why did such cracking occur only in such a local place? There is also a frozen rock on the side. But she's shapeless
Perhaps these examples include Nan Modol, Indonesia:
Also a table mountain
From the segments of which these incomprehensible masonry are built:
And also, Masleevsky pillars in the Krasnoyarsk Territory include:
To account recent examples I will not insist on this version, and it is quite possible that in nature there really is a process of rock cracking into hexagons during crystallization, and if vice versa, then these are quite rare examples. Much more often one comes across simply shapeless remnants in the form of rock overlays in the form of pancakes one on top of the other. So let's move on to the next example:
Stone remains of Demerdzhi. Crimea
