City of Volnovakha, Donetsk region

Volnovakha- a city of regional significance, a regional center. Administratively, the city is subordinate to the Volnovakha District Council. It is located in the southern part of the Donetsk region, at the junction with the Mariupol-Donetsk railway line to Zaporozhye, Odessa, Crimea. The city stands on the highway Donetsk-Mariupol.
Located: Ukraine, Donetsk region.

Name Volnovakha the city received from the Wet Volnovakha River, which originates from the city's locomotive depot. Volnovakha was inhabited already in the Bronze Age, as evidenced by archaeological excavations ancient settlement in the southeastern part of the city and burial in a stone tomb. The found stone statue (baba) speaks of the presence of nomads in this area.

Volnovakha's birthday was 1881, when the first railway train Yelenovka-Mariupol passed through the station. Later, Volnovakha merged with the village of Platonovka, founded in 1842, and the village of Karlovka, founded in 1845, which were settled by settlers from the Kyiv, Kharkov, Chernihiv and Poltava provinces.

In 1904, in connection with the construction of the Volnovakha - Tsare-Konstantinovka railway, a new depot building was erected at the Volnovakha station. There was one lathe in the depot, which was driven by one large wooden wheel, which was turned by two workers.

In 1908, the only school on the Yekaterinoslav railway and the first in Russia school of artel elders (way masters) was opened in Volnovakha. They studied from handwritten textbooks, which were compiled by teachers in one copy. All work on the construction and repair of the railway track was carried out manually.

In 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, the workers of the locomotive depot: Matvey Varusha, Martytyuk, Anany Glushchenko, Konstantin Milko began to carry out revolutionary propaganda among the locomotive workers, using leaflets published by the Yekaterinoslav, Rostov and Yuzovsky committees of the RSDLP.

Before the revolution, the village of Volnovakha had no administrative significance. He was part of the Sretensky volost of the Mariupol district of the Yekaterinoslav province.

victory October revolution Volnovakha railroad workers met with joy. At the end of December 1917, the local Bolsheviks held re-elections of the Platonov Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. A revolutionary committee is organized in Volnovakha.

In the years civil war and foreign intervention, the Volnovakha railway junction had an important strategic importance and was the object of a fierce struggle. In April 1918, when the German-Austrian invaders launched an offensive against Ukraine, the Volnovakha defensive area and the Volnovakha group of the Red Army were created by order of the Red Army of the Donets Basin.

During 1918-1920 Volnovakha station changed hands more than 20 times. During this period, advanced depot workers disabled steam locomotives and rolling stock, distributed leaflets of the Bolshevik Party.

At the end of 1919 and the beginning of 1920, a revolutionary committee was created in Volnovakha, headed by Andrey Gavrilovich Khavikov.

The first chairman of the Volnovakha volost executive committee was Iosif Matveyevich Varusha, who later worked as a foreman of the vegetable growing team of the Chapaev collective farm.

From 1920 to 1928, a committee of impossible villagers headed by Ivan Verna was created in the village. In 1928, a partnership for the joint cultivation of the land was created, and in 1930 the collective farm "Cultural Revolution", the first chairman of the collective farm was a Mariupol worker - twenty-five thousand resident Fedor Rudas. In 1932, the state farm "Transportnik" was created, the director of which long years was Vladimir Grigorievich Kurochkin.

In 1932 - 1934, a radical reconstruction of the Volnovakha railway junction took place:

• new locomotive and wagon depots equipped with the latest technology were built;
• mechanized hill for the formation of trains,
• improved water supply.

Since 1935, the Volnovakha station has become the center of the Volnovakha branch of the South-Donetsk railway.

The following were built in the city:

• high schools,
• Palace of Culture named after Karl Marx,
• nursery and garden,
• Lokomotiv Stadium",
• polyclinic,
• residential buildings, of which 21 are multi-storey.

The flour-grinding and meat-and-dairy industry has grown. The city had about 20 shops, 3 canteens, a restaurant and a mechanized factory - a kitchen.

In August 1930, the Oktyabrsky district was renamed Volnovakha, and in 1938, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Ukraine, Volnovakha became a city of district subordination. Since January 1932, a regional newspaper has been published regularly.

The peaceful labor of the Soviet people was interrupted by the perfidious attack of fascist Germany on our country. The workers of the city and the region also rose to defend the Motherland. Thousands of volunteers went to the front. During the attack fascist troops to the Donbass, workers of the railway junction, collective farmers took measures to evacuate the rolling stock and equipment of the station, tractors and livestock to the eastern regions of the country.

On October 11, 1941, the city was occupied by the Nazis. During November - December 1941, the Nazis shot about 100 Soviet citizens suspected of sympathy Soviet power. At the same time, 35 communists and Komsomol members were captured and executed:

• collective farm chairman P. S. Shatsky,
• employee of the military commissar V. S. Mikhalko,
• locomotive driver M. M. Kamenetsky and others.

The Volnovakhas actively participated in the struggle against the invaders. They organized sabotage, created underground patriotic groups, and destroyed the Nazis. V. I. Shapinsky, a radio operator-lieutenant, was left in the city for partisan work. His active helpers became I. G. Teslya, I. M. Ezhak, F. S. Strizhak, A. I. Popko.

During the liberation of the region, stubborn battles were going on everywhere. Particularly fierce battles were fought for the city of Volnovakha. September 9, 1943 Soviet army liberated the city from invaders.

In total, 1,360 residents of the city fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders, of which more than 1,000 were awarded military orders and medals.

The fascists subjected the economy of the region to terrible ruin: collective farm property, all inventory, agricultural machinery were almost completely destroyed. 49 collective farms, 6 state farms, 3 MTS suffered.

For the period 1944 - 1948. were awarded orders and medals Soviet Union over 150 workers of the city.

The city was not only restored, but also transformed. From 1945 to 1953 the House of Culture named after V.I. Lenin, a consumer services complex, and a department store were built in the city.

In the next ten years, the following were built in the city:

• hybrid corn seed processing plant,
• regional branch "Agriculture",
• building materials plant,
• asphalt - concrete plant,
• energy hub - in connection with the transition of the road to electric traction,
• new building of the railway station.

From 1958 to 1964 were built:

• two new high schools,
• boarding school,
• hospital campus with new medical equipment,
• dozens of new stores,
• kindergartens and nurseries.

There are more than three thousand people in the city who were awarded orders and medals: the heroes of the civil war Byvshev I.I., the old Bolsheviks: Ananiev V.R., Khavikov A.G., Kurochkin V.G., Sinitsyn V.P. and many other.

In 1981, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the city of Volnovakha, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, the city was awarded Honorary Diploma Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR. For success in fulfilling the tasks of economic and cultural construction and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the city, the following were awarded:

Honorary Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR:

• Verveyko I.D. - driver of a locomotive locomotive depot,
• Korzh V. I. - drilling foreman of the Priazovskaya Geological Survey,
• Swede I.S. - foreman of the Chapaev collective farm.

Diplomas of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR were awarded to:

• Gudenko I.F. - compiler of trains at Volnovakha station,
• Kravtsov N. G. - track distance adjuster,
• Krasnopolsky A.S. - Head of the Priazovskaya GRE,
• Morylev N. N. - director of the correspondence secondary school,
• Pisarenko M.I. - Senior Nurse at the Central District Hospital.

For merit in development Agriculture and active participation in public life, manager of district agricultural machinery Bondarenko Viktor Alekseevich was awarded honorary title: Honored Worker of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR.

For merits in the development of rural construction and active participation in public life, the foreman of plasterers PMK-111 Zhaleiko Valentina Grigoryevna was awarded the honorary title of Honored Builder of the Ukrainian SSR.

The main enterprises of the city are:

• locomotive depot,
• wagon depot,
• Volnovakha station,
• CJSC "Ecoprod",
• JSC "Volnovakhsky combine of bakery products",
• LLC "Vozrozhdenie"
• Avtodor,
• farms for growing and processing crops.

At the service of citizens: two hospitals, 3 feldsher-obstetric stations, a dental clinic and an ambulance station, a network of pharmacies, shops, consumer services.

The city operates:

• 7 general education schools,
• SPTU,
• 6 preschool institutions,
• regional center of culture and leisure,
• youth creative center
• House of children's and youth creativity,
• station young technicians,
• children's and youth sports school,
• district local history museum,
• libraries,
• school of aesthetic education with music and art departments.

There are three Orthodox churches in the city:

• Holy Spirit,
• Holy Transfiguration,
• St. Tikhvin.

There are 18 historical monuments in the city:

• 2 - civil war,
• 12 - Great Patriotic War,
• 2 - Afghan soldiers K. Babin and V. Berezovsky,
• 3 memorial plates - to two Heroes of the Soviet Union, soldiers to the liberators of the city Mikhail Fedorovich Orlov and Alexander Denisovich Kanevsky and Hero of Socialist Labor, First Secretary of the Volnovakha District Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine Vasily Stepanovich Teteriuk,
• in April on the day of the 20th anniversary Chernobyl disaster, opened a memorial sign in honor of the heroes of Chernobyl.

In the vicinity of the city there is a natural monument - Velikoanadolsky forest, where thousands of townspeople and residents of the region have a rest every year. This is the first afforestation in the Ukrainian steppe. Today, the Velikoanadolsky forest is the standard of steppe afforestation. Its area is 2500 hectares. Dozens of species of trees and shrubs grow here. A large collection of their exotic species from around the world is collected in the dendrological park of the forestry.

Volnovakha is surrounded by a forest park. Nearby is one of the most high points Azov Upland - Goncharikh's Tomb (278 m above sea level).

The residents of Volnovakha are rightfully proud of their countrymen:

• Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, General Director of the Regional Center for Maternal and Child Health, Professor V. K. Chaika,
• Honored worker of science and technology, Hero of Ukraine Komanov V. G.,
• Hero of the Soviet Union S.F. Filippskikh,
• Honored Teacher of the Ukrainian SSR O. I. Putilina,
• Honored Coach of Ukraine S. G. Chetverikov,
• Honored Tester space technology, Head of the Department of the Research Center of Russia, Colonel V. G. Kravtsov,
• Honored Transport Worker of Ukraine G. A. Zaichenko and others.

The settlement was founded as railroad station in 1881 during construction Catherine's railway. At the beginning of the XX century. in Volnovakha there were 45 households, about 250 people lived. By 1915 there were 108 households and 634 inhabitants. There was a shop, a market, a private bakery, a school.

In 1895 a railway station was built at the station, in 1896 a locomotive depot, in 1900 a second track was laid between Yuzovka and Mariupol through Volnovakha.

By 1905 the station had become a hub. In 1908, the school of artel headmen was transferred to Volnovakha from Debaltsevo, the first school in Russia to train masters (artel headmen) for construction railways. The industrialization of the country contributed to the development of the railway junction and the settlement. During the years of the first five-year plans, a bakery, a soft drinks factory, a food processing plant, and a printing house were built.

Volnovakha received the status of a city in 1938. Its population in 1939 was 15.3 thousand people. There were two secondary and seven-year schools, two hospitals, a polyclinic, kindergarten, stadium, kitchen factory, Palace of Culture, three libraries, about 20 shops. Within the city there were two collective farms and a state farm.

In the years after the Great Patriotic War, Volnovakha became a major center Food Industry and the construction industry.

Volnovakha is a city of regional significance, a regional center. Administratively, it is subordinate to the Volnovakha District Council. It is located in the southern part of the region, at the junction with the Mariupol-Donetsk railway line to Zaporozhye, Odessa, Crimea. The city stands on the highway Donetsk-Mariupol.

The settlement was founded as a railway station in 1881 during the construction of the Catherine's railway. At the beginning of the twentieth century. in Volnovakha there were 45 households, about 250 people lived. By 1915 there were 108 households and 634 inhabitants. There was a shop, a market, a private bakery, a school. In 1895, a railway station was built at the station, in 1896 - a locomotive depot, in 1900, a second track was laid between Yuzovka and Mariupol through Volnovakha. By 1905 the station had become a hub. In 1908, the school of artel headmen was transferred to Volnovakha from Debaltsevo - the first school in Russia to train craftsmen (artel headmen) for the construction of railways.

The industrialization of the country contributed to the development of the railway junction and the settlement. During the years of the first five-year plans, a bakery, a soft drinks factory, a food processing plant, and a printing house were built. Volnovakha received the status of a city in 1938. Its population in 1939 was 15.3 thousand people. There were two middle and seven-year schools, two hospitals, a clinic, a kindergarten, a stadium, a kitchen factory, a palace of culture, three libraries, and about 20 shops. Within the city there were two collective farms and a state farm.

In the years after the Great Patriotic War, Volnovakha became a major center of the food industry and the construction industry.

The city covers an area of ​​20 sq. km, of which 59% are under construction. There are 448 sq. m. per inhabitant. m of green space. The average temperature in January is -6.6, in July +21.5. 500 mm of precipitation falls per year. The city has a weather station.

Half of those employed in national economy working in railroad companies. Main industrial enterprises: factories building materials, asphalt-concrete, dairy, bread, bakery products.

There are 7 secondary schools, a station for young technicians, an art school, a palace for children and youth creativity, 2 hospitals, a vocational school, and a local history museum in the city.

Volnovakha is surrounded by a forest park. Nearby is one of the highest points of the Azov Upland - the Tomb of Goncharikh (278 m above sea level).

To the north-west of the city stretches Velikoanadolsky forest, founded in the 40s. nineteenth century Russian forestry scientist V.E. Graff. This is the first afforestation in the Ukrainian steppe. Today, the Velikoanadolsky forest is the standard of steppe afforestation. Its area is 2500 hectares. Dozens of species of trees and shrubs grow here. A large collection of their exotic species from around the world is collected in the dendrological park of the forestry.