Stepanova E.V.
Early in the morning of June 22, 1941, in violation of the non-aggression pact, Nazi Germany invaded the territory of the USSR. The Great Patriotic War began. It became the most important part of the Second World War, largely changing the course of the latter. From the very beginning, this war was distinguished by its scope, bloodshed, the extreme tension of the struggle and the unprecedented brutality of the Nazis in relation to prisoners of war and civilian population. In four years, the country has lost up to 30 million people, most of whom are not military personnel, but civilians. The war has affected all families and mine is no exception.
My grandmother never talked about the war, why I don't know. When we asked her to tell us something, she said little or even moved the conversation to another topic. That's all I can remember from her stories: When the war began, my grandmother Alexandra Ivanovna Vorobyeva lived in the village of Trunovka, Stavropol Territory. She was then 12 years old. In the family, besides her, there were 2 more brothers and 3 sisters. The youngest was only 4 years old. Due to the fact that my great-grandfather was the foreman of the collective farm's field-growing brigade, and he had many children, he was not drafted into the Red Army. After some time, hunger began. All food was given to the children. Those who were older worked with their parents on the collective farm. When my grandmother's brother Pyotr Ivanovich Vorobyov turned 18, he was called up. In a battle near a certain village, the name of which no one remembers, the troops began to retreat, and my grandfather was wounded and lost consciousness. When he woke up, he managed to crawl to the village and his parents took him to the hospital, because then they were very afraid that they could call you a deserter and declare you an enemy of the people. Later, the second brother of Nikolai Ivanovich Vorobyov was taken into the army. True, he was sent to the mine. During the bombing, the mine collapsed and my grandfather was shell-shocked. He was never the same as he was before the war.
War unites people, everyone helps each other as best they can; someone else's grief is perceived as one's own, so it is not surprising that during the war people are not afraid to talk about themselves.
After the liberation of Stalingrad, my grandmother and her sisters were sent to restore it. There they met an officer of the 4th Panzer Army. He told them one incident: Tank formations suffered huge losses in equipment, and it so happened that only four tanks remained in this army. One of the officers asked: is that why it is called the 4th tank army? The soldiers made an amendment: they called their army with bitter irony a four-tank one. My grandmother's sister dated this officer. And when they were sent home, this officer begged her to return, as if he felt that she would not return.
My father's mother, Vera Ivanovna, was still a girl when the war began. And from the age of 15 she worked in Sverdlovsk at a logging site. They were restoring the tank factory. She never said that it was difficult, but you could die there. The tree could crush if you were at the bottom. Everyone worked resignedly, because they understood that there was a war going on. When her mother died, she was allowed to go to the funeral. She never came back, and she almost got jailed for it. But since she went to the collective farm the very next day and remained the only support for the whole family, she was not imprisoned.
My great-grandfather Timofey Ivanovich went through three wars. During the Civil War, he fought near Leningrad in the Red Cavalry. Then there was a war with Finland, where he was wounded. During the Great Patriotic War, he was wounded in the chest, but they never got a bullet. She remained a reminder of his military past. We can say that my great-grandfather fought all his life.
My grandfather, Ivan Ivanovich, was drafted in 1939, and in 1943 he ended up on the border with Turkey, and until 1951 he served there. Grandpa didn't tell much, but I remember one story. Grandfather found a German telephone wire and cut it off, but he did not know what to do with it, because if the Germans found out, he would be shot. The villagers came to the rescue. The women made beads out of the wire and no one knew anything. My grandfather and his father were awarded medals more than once. Among others, there is also a medal for "victory over Germany."
I know very little about my relatives. They didn't tell, and I didn't ask. But there are people who speak. That person was my friend's grandfather. Once he told us about his exploits. Her grandfather, Kovanov Vladimir Vasilyevich, was a doctor. In July 1941, he was offered to go to the sorting evacuation hospital located in Yaroslavl, where he was to take the position of lead surgeon.
The hospital was located on the banks of the Volga in the buildings where the theoretical departments of the medical institute are now located. It didn't take long to look around and get used to the new place. July and August were busy days. It was the most difficult time of the bitter for all period of the war. The stream of the wounded rolled in one after another, and they barely managed to wash them, change clothes, change bandages and quickly evacuate further to the rear. Doctors did not leave the hospital for days, especially on days when ships with the wounded approached the pier from the lower reaches of the Volga or it was necessary to urgently unload an ambulance train at the Yaroslavl railway junction. On such days, hundreds of women and teenage schoolchildren came to the pier, to the station to help carry the seriously wounded, carefully put them in ambulances or lorries adapted for this purpose. The guys brought water to the wounded, helped to cope with crutches, brought simple belongings of soldiers into the car. There were few doctors in the hospital - 5-6 people. They worked seven days a week, 12-14 hours a day. In addition, 2-3 times a week, everyone was on round-the-clock duty. Teachers from neighboring schools also came to help. They quickly mastered the skills of caring for the wounded and sick. Sometimes their little children came to them on duty. Their mothers fed them what they could, gave them tea and often put them to bed on the couch in the waiting room. Often, elderly soldiers, some with a broken arm, some on crutches or with a bandaged head, sat down with the guys, told them about the war and gave them sugar cubes from their meager rations. Children trustingly, intuitively feeling their anxious melancholy, climbed on their knees and gave people who had forgotten the warmth of their native home an ingenuous childish joy.
In September 1941 he was transferred to Kazan. There he was immediately appointed the leading surgeon of the evacuation hospital located on Ershov Pole, in the building of the veterinary technical school. In addition, he had to help the young doctors of two neighboring hospitals. It was physically impossible to work in three hospitals. Chief surgeon of Kazan evacuation hospitals A.V. Vishnevsky advised not to do everything himself, but to teach other doctors. This was the only way out. The process of "maturing" of doctors during the war years was much faster than in peacetime, when the young doctor was not particularly rushed, did not provide him with such independence, which he now received. It was enough to show the doctor once how to do this or that operation, and he would perform the next operation on his own and confidently, as befits a real surgeon. There was no case that any of the young doctors deviated from participation in the operation, citing lack of experience or any other reasons. Each young doctor thought only about how to help the wounded, ease his suffering and quickly return to duty.
On November 15, 1941, the German troops, having deployed 73 divisions and 4 brigades against the Western Front, launched a second general offensive against Moscow. Moscow was defended by the whole country. Moscow turned out to be inaccessible to the Nazis. In early December, a turning point came. On December 5-6, 1941, the troops went on the offensive. The offensive of the Red Army developed rapidly. Soon the enemy grouping aimed at Moscow was completely destroyed. The defeat of the Germans near Moscow dispelled the myth of the invincibility of the Nazi Reich. It was both the collapse of the Blitzkrieg and the beginning of the defeat of Nazi Germany. The fact that the Red Army drove the Nazis to the West created a huge psychological change in people. The hospitals immediately sensed this by the mood of the people. Forgetting about the wounds, they excitedly told how they knocked the enemy out of towns and villages near Moscow, how they destroyed enemy equipment. The stories were endless. Sometimes it seemed that these people, who had not left the trenches for weeks, went on the attack under heavy fire, covered their comrades with their chests, were not even aware of their courage and stamina.
From the beginning of 1942, the life of the hospital entered a measured rut. The wounded arrived on schedule. We did everything to ease the suffering of the wounded, to calm them down, to create at least a short "peaceful respite". And they were in a hurry. Those whose wounds were barely healed continually besieged us, asking when we would discharge them. Doctors were impatiently urged on, accused of bureaucracy. The tanker, whose arm was cut off by a shrapnel like a knife at the base of the shoulder, was indignant at the “helplessness of medicine”: “In the medical battalion, I asked the doctors to sew my hand on,” he said, “and they say that no one has ever done such operations. Did you see? Didn't! So you start, I say, then others will do it! Well, how am I going to fight without a hand?!
To fight ... And he himself is barely alive. He lost a lot of blood, his facial features became sharp, he could not walk, he lay more. The doctors gave him a blood transfusion, injected glucose, saline solution. One evening he was urgently called to the hospital. In the operating room, that tanker was lying on the table, under him was a pool of blood. Ksenia Ivanovna, an experienced operating nurse, from last strength pressed the bleeding vessels of the stump; She had been in this position for about an hour. It turned out that the purulent process in the soft tissues of the stump melted the protruding clogged trunks of large vessels, severe bleeding occurred. Late sister for a minute, and the wounded could die. Vladimir Vasilievich immediately began to ligate the vessels above the site of bleeding. Operation was successfully completed. When the tanker was discharged and handed over to him a prosthesis of an artificial arm, he said: “There are so many cripples like me… Learn to sew on torn off arms as soon as possible. Maybe mine would fit? And there was so much hidden hope in these words that they sank deep into the soul.
Soon, a serious turning point occurred in his fate: he was invited to the mobilization department of the district and was told that one of the fronts needed an experienced surgeon. Does he agree to go to the active army? Of course, he was ready to leave at any moment. On a warm autumn day in 1942, he went to Moscow with another surgeon, A.I. Lapina, and his sister, K.I. Churkina. They were assigned to one hospital and made it basic, taking the word that they would teach young doctors. Approximately 15 kilometers from the front line, in the forest, they pitched tents to receive and treat the wounded, as befits a first-line surgical hospital. The wounded were not long in coming: the medical and sanitary battalion of the division could not cope with the flow, some of the wounded were brought directly from the front line. There were five operating tables in a large khaki canvas tent. On the first day they received more than 300 wounded. Three days worked almost without rest. To maintain efficiency, they organized vigils. Some surgeons were resting, others were operating. In late autumn, they arrived at the Kazansky railway station to go to the area of operations of the 5th shock army. Settled in Kamyshin. Since all the surgeons were only after the institutes, courses were organized.
On November 19, 1942, a flurry of fire over enemy positions announced the start of the Red Army's offensive near Stalingrad. The hospital moved behind the advancing army. For two or three days they stayed in recaptured from the enemy settlements to treat the wounded. And then - forward again!
February 1943 was unstable: from snowstorms and cold piercing winds to clear skies and calm sunny weather. There was a lot of snow, but it quickly settled. The rolled ruts of the roads shone like glass. The battles have gone far ahead. Decisive battles unfolded for the city of Shakhty. At this time, front-line transport approached, and most of the wounded were taken out. There were only non-transportable wounded, and among them two especially "heavy". In one, gas gangrene developed after a blind shrapnel wound to the lower leg, in the other - to the shoulder. After a wide dissection, blood transfusion and the introduction of anti-gangrenous serum, as well as a lumbar blockade in the wounded man in the shin, things quickly improved. In the case of the wounded in the shoulder, the process suddenly began to spread to the chest and back. I had to make cuts there too. He had to be operated on 2-3 times a day, and in total he underwent about 13 operations. At the cost of a stubborn struggle that lasted a whole month, it was possible to save the wounded hand. True, there was little muscle tissue left in the shoulder area, but the arm retained full mobility. Finally, they were replaced by the long-awaited front-line hospital, which until then was still located in the Kamyshin area. We gathered quickly and left for a new place, in the area of the city of Shakhty. They were already looking forward to it.
Soon he had to say goodbye to the hospital. He was assigned as an army surgeon to the neighboring 44th Army. Feelings were conflicting. On the one hand, promotion, a sense of great responsibility, on the other hand, it is sad to part with the comrades with whom I worked so well and got used to it. In the morning, just before light, he was already on his way to the 44th Army, which operated in the Taganrog region. Immediately he began to get acquainted with the personnel of hospitals and medical battalions, which for the most part were in a “curtailed” state, since the army was not conducting active hostilities at that time. At the end of the summer of 1943, the 44th Army went on the offensive. The wounded arrived in large quantities in the medical battalions and hospitals of the first line, located near the attacking units. Surgical treatment of the wounded proceeded without delay during the evacuation stages. Regimental medical stations, after examining the wounded and providing first aid, immediately evacuated those accepted into the medical battalions and hospitals of the army. The wounded were admitted to the operating table in the first 3-6 hours after being wounded. There was no delay in surgical treatment and evacuation of the wounded. But the autumn impassability came and made evacuation difficult. There were difficulties with food and medicines. Under these conditions, it was not possible to regularly supply hospitals with high-grade foods rich in fats and vitamins. And the wounded, especially those who were seriously ill and had lost a lot of blood, needed high-calorie and easily digestible food. Then they began to widely use fresh bull blood. The new nutritional product was called hemocostol. Its beneficial effect is easily explained. Fresh animal blood contains proteins, salts and hormonal substances that are well absorbed by the body, which have an activating effect on all vital processes in the body. When hemocostol was taken, the general condition improved before our eyes, appetite appeared, weight increased, tone increased. At the same time, the wounds were quickly cleared and healed well.
The year 1944 is the year of the decisive offensive of the Red Army on all fronts, the year of the complete liberation of the territory of our Motherland from Nazi German invaders. The last military winter, with piercing icy winds and drizzling damp slush of thaws, already seemed ready to give way to the all-conquering sun. The anticipation of spring was felt the more joyfully, the more clearly the long-awaited Victory Day was approaching. The population of Poland joyfully met the Soviet soldiers-liberators. A specialized hospital operated there, work in it was not interrupted even for a minute. Once he was summoned to the political department of the army. Doctors were offered to provide assistance to the population of the liberated regions. The hospital in Siedlce fell into his hands. We started by sorting out the sick, organizing a sanitary inspection room, and with the help of local residents, they washed and cut the residents of the hospital. At the same time, they deployed an operating room and a dressing room, equipped a kitchen and a dining room for walking patients. For two or three days city hospital could not be known. The departments were immaculately clean and tidy. The wounded and sick lay in clean linen, bandaged, well-groomed, and, most importantly, well-fed.
In the spring of 1945, the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front, which in those months included the 28th Army, fought on the territory of East Prussia. Participating in the offensive, the 28th Army fought fierce battles near the city of Gumbinnen. There were many wounded, especially with bullet wounds. In those days, medical stations and army hospitals were located close to the battle formations. The wounded were treated quickly and immediately evacuated to the front base. Military operations in East Prussia were coming to an end. A hard day at the medical battalion is over. It was the last night in East Prussia. In the morning we hurriedly loaded into cars to move to Germany - near Berlin. In mid-April 1945, the troops reached their starting lines for the last, decisive battles. A special load in those heavy battles of the last month of the war fell on the honey. front line services. This is understandable, given how complicated the search for the wounded and their removal from the shelling in large settlements has become. The ruins of houses, ambushes, labyrinths of streets, blockages, water barriers - all this made the work of orderlies, nurses, paramedics extremely difficult. However, honey The service did its job well. IN last days April began the assault on Berlin. Berlin was soon occupied. At night it became known about the signing of the act of surrender. Rockets lit up the sky, volleys of revolvers and machine guns cut through the silence. These were the last shots of the war, a soldier's salute to Victory.
The volleys of guns, the crackle of machine guns and the clang of tank tracks ceased. The war is over. Victory did not come immediately. She was conquered in a cruel, bloody war, which lasted 1418 days and nights. The Red Army defeated the main forces of the Nazi war machine and achieved a world-historic victory. Front and rear doctors did a lot to defeat Nazi Germany. Thanks to their courage, courage and heroism, medical assistance was provided to an unprecedented number of the wounded and sick. According to the duty of their profession, they took on their shoulders the enormous burden of fighting the severe suffering of the wounded, heroically fought against death on the battlefields, and in the medical battalions, and in hospitals.
“Life is eternity, death is only a moment,” said the poet. Heroes Patriotic War live forever in our memory, in our hearts, regardless of whether they are in service today or not. They are always with us and will always be a living example, a call to action and a noble struggle for human life. The bright, joyful, albeit filled with bitter smoke of conflagrations, the May days of 1945, the days of the Victory, will never be forgotten by mankind.
60 years have passed, and the exploits of our fighters are still alive in the memory of people. As long as the memory of them and their deeds is alive, they are also alive. Eternal memory to the heroes!
SICK AND WOUNDED, in international law, military personnel and civilians who, in the course of armed conflict need immediate medical care or caregivers (including shipwrecked, pregnant women, nursing mothers, newborn babies, etc.). General principle international humanitarian law is the humane treatment of the sick and wounded under all circumstances.
The concept of “sick and wounded” includes combatants (persons belonging to the armed forces of the belligerent, members of military militias, volunteer units, including personnel of an organized resistance movement, the population spontaneously taking up arms) and non-combatants (persons of the armed forces, not taking part in hostilities - medical and religious personnel, correspondents, etc.). The sick and wounded of the belligerent army who fell into the power of the enemy are considered prisoners of war, and the regime of military captivity should be applied to them.
The first attempts to develop norms for the sick and wounded were made from the 16th century during the formation of absolutist states and the appearance of standing armies. The norms of international law that determine the treatment of the sick and wounded during an armed conflict began to take shape during the French Revolution of the 18th century. The first multilateral conventions for the protection of the sick and wounded, medical institutions and their personnel in time of war were concluded in 1864 (war on land) and 1899 (war at sea). Modern standards concerning the protection of the sick and wounded are set forth in the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field (1949) and the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949), and also in two Additional protocols (1977) to these conventions.
The provisions of the conventions establish that all the sick and wounded, regardless of skin color, religion and sex, national or social origin, political or other opinions, enjoy the same protection. The rules on the sick and wounded must apply in time of war; during any armed conflict between two or more parties (even if one of them does not recognize the state of war); in all cases of military occupation (including if this occupation does not meet with any armed resistance).
In a war on land, the belligerents are required to take immediate action to search for and collect the sick and wounded. If necessary, a truce is established for this. The sick and wounded must be evacuated from the danger zone, the seriously ill and seriously wounded must be repatriated during the conflict to their homeland or to one of the neutral states; the rest are subject to repatriation at the end of hostilities. It is forbidden to finish off and exterminate the sick and wounded, torture them, use them for biological experiments or medical experiments. The dead are picked up and buried with dignity.
Medical personnel are protected under humanitarian law and must be treated with respect and protection by combatants. Medical personnel can be detained by the enemy; in such a case, he must continue to exercise his functions, preferably in relation to his own citizens. Both permanent and mobile medical formations are subject to protection.
IN naval war basically the same rules apply, but taking into account the specifics of the sea. The convention equalizes the sick and wounded and shipwrecked, which, in addition to the death of a sea vessel, also means a fall into the water of an aircraft. Search and rescue are of particular importance, they must be undertaken immediately after the battle by the warships themselves (during such operations, the ships do not gain protection). The belligerents can ask a neutral ship to take on board the wounded and shipwrecked. Such ships are not subject to capture.
Hospital ships are painted white and carry, along with the national flag, the emblem of the Red Cross. The name and description of the ship is communicated to the enemy, after which it must not be attacked or captured. The ship's medical personnel and crew are not subject to capture, but a hospital ship may be searched and placed under temporary enemy control.
The norms of international humanitarian law are incorporated into national legislation: in Russian legislation, in particular, contains provisions obliging military personnel to comply with the rules on the sick and wounded. Violation of these norms leads to legal liability (including criminal liability).
Lit.: Tiunov OI International humanitarian law. M., 1999.
Bread - bread.
Bread,-a, pl. loaves, -ov and bread, -ov, m. 1. unit. A food product made from flour. Rye or black bread. Wheat or White bread. Bread and salt(wishing you a good appetite). Bread and salt(treat offered to the part, as well as, trans., about hospitality). X-sol drive with anyone(to be friends with someone; colloquial). 2. (pl. loaves). A food product made from flour in the form of a baked product, in some form. Round bread. Put the bread in the oven. 3. units A grain from which flour is made. Bread preparation. Sow bread. 4. pl. (bread). Cereal. Harvest of bread. Harvesting grain combines. Standing corn. 5. (pl. bread), trans. Subsistence, dependency (simple). To be on someone's bread. Earn for bread. 6. units Livelihood, income. Get bread. True bread.Don't feed bread whom (just do what is said; colloquial) - such has a predilection for something that he does not need anything except .... Don't feed him bread, just let him go to the theater.Eat your own bread(colloquial) - to earn a living for yourself. And that bread(colloquial) - and that's good, and thanks for that. Bread to beat off, take away from whom (colloquial) - depriving of something, interrupting, overtaking in something, to capture, get for oneself, be the first. II reduce-caress. bread,-a, m. (to 1, 2, 3 and 4 meanings; colloquial) and bread,-shka, m. (to 1, 2, 3 and 4 meanings; colloquial). II adj. bread,-th, -th (to 1, 2, 3 and 4 values).
Khlebny, oh, oh. 1. see bread. 2. Productive, plentiful in bread (in 3 and 4 values). Bread year. Bread land. 3. trans. Profitable, profitable (colloquial). Bread post. This is a good thing.
Flowers are colors.
Color 1 , -a, pl. -a, -ov, m. Light tone of something, coloring. Dark color. Bright colors.protect colors whom or whose - to play in the team of someone of a sports society, association. Protect the colors of the national team. In color - about photo, film image: color, not black and white.
Color 2 , -a, (-y), m. 1. (collected; in significant units - simple). The same as a flower. Like a poppy. Linden blossom. 2. only units: trans., what. The best part of something (high). Youth is the color of the nation. The color of science.In color or in color (years, strength and so on. ) - at the best time. In bloom- at the time of flowering. Apple tree in bloom.
Flower,-tka, pl. (in the meaning of flowering plants) flowers, -ov, and (in the meaning of flowering parts of plants) flowers, -ov, m. The reproductive organ of the plant, consisting of a green pistil and stamens, as well as the plant itself with thin reproductive organs. Smelly color. Pick flowers in the field. To plant flowers. Flowers of eloquence(pren.). II decrease. flower,-chka, m. and decrease-weasel. flower,- a, m. (simple). These are flowers, and berries will be ahead(last). II adj. floral,-th, -th and flowery, th, th.Color pot. Colored plants.
Practice #3
Practical lesson number 3.
Topic: Adjective in the aspect of speech culture.
Questions.
1. Discharges of adjectives.
2. The use of full and short forms of adjectives.
3. Features of the formation and use of forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives.
4. Features of the formation and use of possessive adjectives.
5. Spelling of adjectives.
Exercise number 1. Expand the brackets; select the desired shape. Give a stylistic description of the possible options.
1.1. This task is unsolvable under the current situation. . 2. This task in the current situation turns out to be unsolvable . 3. The proposed amendments and additions are significant. 4. The proposed amendments and additions were significant . 5. Requirements for factory supply workers are timely. 6. Requirements for factory workers were timely. 7. Changing the vacation schedule of shop workers is undesirable . 8. Changing the vacation schedule was undesirable. 9. Consultation with experts is essential . 10. Consultation with experts has become essential .
11.1. scientist famous with their work in physics solid body. 2. The teacher was kind to the students. 3. Work is not free from some inaccuracies. 4. Miscalculations are obvious even for a non-specialist. 5. The artist is still little known the general public.
111.1. The final result is the same preliminary calculations. 2. The young man is very frivolous . 3. The formation of the fighters is silently solemn. 4. An adult cedar towering over the taiga is truly majestic. 5. Every citizen is responsible for the observance of the norms of socialist hostel.
Exercise number 2. From these adjectives form simple
and composite forms of degrees of comparison.
Large, nimble, thin, flexible, dry, wet, excellent, evil, expensive, brisk, dramatic, skillful, artificial, main, brittle, businesslike, businesslike, fusible, good, bad, bitter.
Large - larger, more (less) large, largest, largest, largest of all.
Agile - more (less) dexterous, most dexterous.
Thin - thinner, more (less) thin, thinnest, thinnest, thinnest of all.
Flexible - more flexible, more (less) flexible, the most flexible, the most flexible..
Dry - drier, more (less) dry, the driest, the driest of all.
Wet - wetter, more (less) wet, the wettest, the wettest of all.
Excellent - does not have a comparative degree, the meaning of the word is very good, excellent.
Evil - more evil, more (less) evil, the worst, the most evil, the worst of all.
Expensive - more expensive, more (less) expensive, the most expensive, the most expensive of all.
Courageous - the most cunning.
Dramatic is the most dramatic.
Skilful - more skilful, more (less) skilful, skilful, most skilful, skilful of all.
Artificial - more artificial, more (less) artificial, the most artificial.
The main one is the main one, more (less) the main one, the main one, the most important one, the main one.
Brittle - more (less) brittle, the most brittle.
Businesslike - does not have a comparative degree, it matters words - sensible and serious, enterprising.
Business - more (less) business, the most business.
Fusible - the most fusible.
Good is the best, the best, the best, the best.
Bad - worse, more (less) bad, the worst, worst of all.
Bitter - bitterer, more (less) bitter, the most bitter, bitterest of all.
Exercise number 3. Specify features in education and use
forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives.
Give their stylistic characteristics. Correct the suggestions.
1Development of offshore oil fields is becoming more intense. 2. The largest Ob and Yenisei become the river roads of Siberia. 3. The less hardened the child's body, the more dangerous becomes supercooling for him. 4. Missile technology gives limitless opportunities in space exploration. 5. Modern experimental biology It has precise ideas about the mechanism of genetic influences. 6. All clearer become our knowledge of the influence of cosmic radiation on living organisms. 7. getting wider synthetic materials penetrate into everyday life. 8. The largest the achievements of the developing countries are hushed up by the reactionary press of the West. 9. The work of instrumentation has come under intense criticism. 10. The most unique twenty-seven-ton and more dump trucks have proven themselves in the construction of hydroelectric power stations. 11. A thoughtful approach to the selection of members of the trade union committee is a very serious issue and, perhaps, one of the decisive. 12. The plant must bring the production of machines over ten thousand pieces. 13. The model prepared for release proved to be the most economical than all the previous ones.
Exercise number 4 . Rewrite, opening brackets and
putting these words in the right cases.
1) Wide fields spread outside the city (Kalinin). 2) Our troops won the battle near (the village of Borodino). 3) Russian nature is described with deep love (writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev). 4) Behind (the village of Tsaritsyno) are the walls of an unfinished palace, the plan of which was created (architect Bazhenov). 5) The opera "Prince Igor" was written (composer Borodin). 6) The students read the story "Ionych", written (Anton Pavlovich Chekhov). 7) We rested in the summer on the Volga near (the city of Saratov). 8) Passengers admired from the deck of the ship (the city of Rostov). 9) Tourists admired (the city of Kuibyshev). 10) Denisov rode next to (Petya Rostov).
1) Wide fields spread outside the city of Kalinin. 2) Our troops won the battle near the village of Borodino. 3) Russian nature is described with deep love by the writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. 4) Behind the village of Tsaritsyn are the walls of an unfinished palace, the plan of which was created by the architect Bazhenov. 5) The opera "Prince Igor" was written by the composer Borodin. 6) The students read the story "Ionych", written by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. 7) We rested in the summer on the Volga near the city of Saratov. 8) Passengers from the deck of the ship admired the city of Rostov. 9) Tourists admired the city of Kuibyshev. 10) Denisov rode next to Petya Rostov.
Exercise number 5 . Rewrite. Explain the use of lowercase
or capital letters .
Wonderful (L, l) Ermontov's prose, (G, d) Ogolev's satire, representative of the (F, f) Amus society, (F, f) edotkino grief, (I, i) Van's childhood, (H, h) Ekhov's humor, (T, t) Urgenev novels, (L, l) Omonosov Prize, (P, n) Ushkin readings, (S, s) onino happiness, (A, a) Hilles heel
wonderful l ermontov prose, G Ogolevskaya satire, representative f amusov society, F edotkino grief, AND wow childhood, h echian humor, T Urgenev novels, L Omonosov Prize, P ushkin readings, WITH onino happiness, A Hill's heel.
Exercise number 6. Rewrite. Explain (verbally) the spelling of n or nn.
I. 1) The day was gray and windy n th. Empty all around nn stubble and arable land. (A.N.T.) 2) In a small, oklee nn oh white, completely empty hall was light, it smelled of oil n oh paint, on a shiny, more beautiful n On the floor against the wall were two Chinese vases. (A. N. T.) 3) Full-weight logs were used for stables, sheds and kitchens, determined nn s for centuries of standing ... Everything was driven n o tightly and properly. (G.) 4) Desperately nn With a loud cry, Nikita threw himself on the floor. (A. N. T.) 5) Sick and wounded n oh it was a little. Heavy two: Suchan partisan Frolov, rane nn th in the stomach, and the Sword. (F.) 6) Rita took out the embossing from the bag n golden ticket. (N. O.) 7) Smyshle n The sailor liked the boy (excl.). (N.O.) 8) In the hallway, the nanny met him [Dubrovsky] and hugged her teacher with tears nn ika (suffix "nick"). (P.) 9) What is a station nnй (suffix "onn"). caretaker? Real muche n ik fourteenth grade. (P.) 10) Hall and guests n ah were dark. (P.)
II. 1) Ivan Ilyich and Dasha settled on a farm in Maza n oh hut. (A. N. T.) 2) Alexei unfolded the rag, took out the crow n th clock. (A. N. T.) 3) His hair is not combed n His hair fell over his eyes in a whole wave. (F. Sh.) 4) The house had high rooms with white nn walled and uglier n s (excl.) floors. 5) I will never forget this fabulous walk among the tall pines on the sand, mixing nn omu with needles. (F. Sh.) 6) The candle was extinguished n A. (Kor.) 7) The steppe was empty nn and terribly quiet. (Shol.).
So did the Soviet doctors
(From the book "In the battles for the Kharkiv region, Kharkov, Prapor" publishing house, 1973, pp. 172-181).
(V.F. TRUFANOVA, candidate of medical sciences) In occupied Kharkov, the Nazis created several concentration camps. There, behind barbed wire, hundreds of prisoners of war died every day. Most of them were wounded and sick. They did not receive the necessary medical care, medicines, they were starved.
At that time I worked in the 9th city hospital, which was headed by Professor A.I. Meshchaninov. Medical workers decided to help the wounded and sick prisoners of war.
Before the arrival of the Nazis, there were many wounded Red Army soldiers in the hospital. All of them were operated on and dressed in hospital gowns. Many had to bandage their heads so that the short soldier's haircut was not conspicuous. We told the Nazis who came to us that they were local residents who had suffered from bombing and shelling. From the very first days of the occupation, the hospital stopped receiving food for the sick, and A.I. Meshchaninov appealed to the population to help with food. Kharkiv residents responded to this call. People brought vegetables, grain, cereals, sometimes the last piece of bread...
The wounded, who were admitted to the hospital before the arrival of the Nazis, did not end up in a concentration camp. We all discharged as civilians. Local residents took them in under the guise of relatives or sent them to the nearest villages, and from there many of them went to partisan detachments.
On Kholodnaya Gora, in a former prison building, the Nazis set up a concentration camp. There were several tens of thousands of people here. Hundreds of prisoners died from hunger and epidemics. The fascists drove exhausted, barely alive people to various jobs. They were forced, for example, to harness themselves to wagons and drag barrels of water. My heart bled at the sight of the emaciated, skeleton-like people who walked, holding each other, barely moving their legs, along the icy road. A huge barrel of water pulled them back, and they fell, not having the strength not only to drag the weight, but simply to stay on their feet. Those who could not get up on their own, the Nazis shot right there on the road.
The Nazis with machine guns did not allow anyone to come close to the prisoners of war and give them at least a piece of bread. And so, despite the danger that threatened him, A.I. Meshchaninov, under the sign of the Red Cross, went to the camp commandant with a request to send sick and wounded prisoners to his clinic. At first, he did not agree, but when he was promised to return healthy people back to the camp after treatment, the commandant liked this proposal very much and he agreed.
After some time, wounded and sick prisoners of war began to arrive at the 9th hospital. People were extremely exhausted, but, having got into more or less human conditions, they began to revive and quickly recover. The population always helped us with food.
Now we have a new task - not only to get out our soldiers, but also to save them from captivity. It was not difficult to do this in the 9th hospital, since it was not guarded, and under the guise of civilian patients we discharged prisoners of war. They were taken in by many people from Kholodnogorsk, and most often they were taken away by villagers who delivered food to us.
A few months later, Commandant Gembek learned that very few prisoners of war were returning to the camp. This infuriated him, and he decided to transfer all the prisoners of war to the 1st city hospital and put up heavy guards there.
The fascist military doctor Hans Stappert was in charge here. He appointed the Russian doctor Golovanov as chief physician and his assistant, who carried out all the orders of the Germans so diligently that he earned the hatred of patients and staff.
A.I. Meshchaninov suggested that I go to work in this hospital in order to continue the work we had started on releasing prisoners of war there. I really did not want to go there, but the thought that I could help the Soviet people made me agree. I took with me several sisters with whom I had already worked well and whom I completely trusted. They were my own sister.A. F. Nikitinskaya, E. M. Zizina and A. I; Shevchenko.
Now we had to act especially prudently, to think over our every step before helping any of the prisoners of war to escape.
There were also many people in the 1st hospital who gladly began to help us. So, gradually, a small patriotic group was organized in our country, which included, in addition to former employees of the 9th hospital, the elder sister V.M. Moreva, the operating sister Yu.F. .E.Korsak (later we learned that he was Soviet spy), nurse M.I. Gurina, cook E.S. Minasova and others. Several times, A.F. Nikitinskaya and V.M. Moreva managed, using the pass of one of the members of the group, to lead prisoners of war dressed in civilian clothes past the guard. We took advantage of the fact that there was no photo on the pass. Once two people were transferred to the morgue and left there for the night, provided with passes. In the morning they changed into civilian clothes specially prepared for them and went out into the street: the morgue was not guarded.
But it was all very risky, so we soon decided to act differently. From the former gynecological building (during the occupation a surgical department was located here) there was a passage through the basement door to the street. In the basement were old cots and all sorts of unnecessary things that medical workers camouflaged the door, leaving an imperceptible passage to it. Those who had to flee were escorted to the basement at night and shown the door. Early in the morning they left through this door and went to a pre-specified address, where they were sheltered by reliable people. And then A.F. Nikitinskaya went to the basement under the pretext that it was necessary to bring some kind of bedding from there, and closed the door. So we helped 10-15 people escape from the hospital.
In the therapeutic department, which was headed by I.N.Rakhmaninov, we often hid our prisoners of war. After the selection of people in the concentration camp, they were taken back. Ivan Nikolaevich never refused to help us.
Once during such a selection, Shappert discovered that many patients had disappeared from the therapeutic department. The fascist became furious, called all the heads of departments to his office and began to shout at everyone, and then asked Dr. Rachmaninov: “Why did prisoners of war run away from your department? You don't look after them well." Rachmaninov replied: "I am a doctor, not an executioner, my job is to treat the sick, and your job is to guard them." Shappert then went berserk and shouted: “Get out of the office, everyone! And you (he pointed to Rachmaninov) stay.”
Everyone left. Shtappert's screams and Rachmaninov's quiet voice could be heard from there for several minutes, then a shot rang out. The door swung open and the fascist jumped out of the office, shouting to us that he would also deal with everyone if the escapes continued. When we entered the room, we saw I. N. Rachmaninov lying on the floor. A thin trickle of blood ran down his face. He was killed.
Shappert wanted to intimidate us and force us to carry out all orders, as his assistant Golovanov did. But the massacre of Dr. Rachmaninov aroused in us even greater hatred for the enemy and a desire to take revenge on the Nazis. The best revenge was the organization of escapes of prisoners of war. And they continued to disappear from the hospital all the time, despite the strengthening of the guard and other measures taken by the Nazis.
good connection I got better with Dr. K.R. Sedov, who led an underground troupe in a concentration camp. He brought from the concentration camp often very healthy, though very emaciated people and said that they needed to be fed and then help to leave the hospital.
Such prisoners of war (they were most often commanders and commissars), so that they would not catch the eye of Shtappert and his henchmen, Yulia Vinnichenko and I "operated" at night. They made, for example, a skin incision on the abdomen and stitched. This must have meant that the patient suffered from acute appendicitis or a perforated stomach ulcer. They put the "sick" to bed, and then in the near future they tried to get him out of the hospital. And when he disappeared without a trace, the Germans and even some medical workers were told that this patient had died.
Dr. Sedov didn't show up for two weeks. The Germans themselves brought the wounded. I started to worry and decided to go to a concentration camp. The front was approaching and it was felt that the Nazis were plotting something. We should have tried to save everyone we could.
I went to the concentration camp on the pretext of receiving medicines (the Germans sometimes gave us an insignificant amount of medicines). There, while receiving medication, I asked to call Sedov. He was called. He managed to whisper to me that lately the Germans had sent several cars with seriously wounded from the camp - supposedly to the hospital, and when he tried to go to accompany them, they put him in a punishment cell. I answered that no one was brought to us, but on the contrary, they ordered all the walkers to be prepared for transfer to the camp. He said: "If they were not brought to you, then they were shot."
As the front approached, a new threat loomed over the wounded, Shappert increasingly selected people who were not yet completely strong to be sent to Germany. Perhaps many of them ended up in Majdanek, Auschwitz and other death camps.
In February 1943, when the Red Army was approaching Kharkov, the hospital wards spread terrible news: the Nazis were going to blow up the hospital. Knowing that German soldiers brought explosives and placed them in boxes at all corners of the building, we immediately decided to withdraw the remaining wounded and sick from the hospital. Who could move, he went further into the courtyard, people hid behind the low building of the morgue and laboratory. On stretchers and simply on their hands, hospital workers carried out of the wards those who were unable to walk. Panic broke out among the wounded. Many of them, in plaster casts and on crutches, crawled down the stairs from the second and third floors. They could not go down the stairs, they lay on their backs and rolled down. There were no more guards, and many were taken to their homes by women. Not afraid of the German soldiers passing down the street, risking own life, they led and carried the wounded on stretchers to their homes.
When only those who could not be taken out of the ward due to heavy plaster casts remained in the hospital, E.M. Zizina ran up to me: “Valentina Fedorovna, leave quickly, they will blow it up now.” She rushed down. The wounded, having heard her words, began to shout angrily: "Doctor, don't leave us, don't leave!" Of course, I could not save them with my presence, but it seemed to them: if one of the staff stays with them, then nothing will happen, and if everyone leaves, then the end ... I could not leave them, but every minute I expected an explosion. She walked around the wards, calmed the patients, said that it was only panic, there would be no explosion ...
Suddenly, one of the employees ran to the third floor and shouted: “The explosives were hidden, the Germans left!” I rushed into the corridor so that the wounded would not see the tears running down my face.
At the first moment after the experienced nervous shock, I could not figure out what to do? But then our hostess sisters came to the rescue. They were the first to gather all the nurses in order to put the wards in order in case the wounded soldiers of the Red Army, which was already entering the city, needed places in the hospital. Then I came to my senses and gathered the nurses, doctors and technical staff. In a few hours we put the wards and the operating room in order. And when our troops marched along the streets of Kharkov, we were fully prepared to receive the wounded. And there were many of them, and we did not leave the hospital for three days, but no one complained of fatigue.
A month later, the Nazis again entered the city, but even before the Nazis arrived, the population hid all the wounded who did not have time to evacuate. Those who were able to move left the city, and only the seriously wounded were left in place. I took one of them with me. After being wounded in the stomach, he developed purulent peritonitis, and since there were no necessary antibiotics, despite all our efforts, we could not save him. The wounded man was delirious all the time and shouted loudly: "Damn you, Hitler!" We were very afraid that one of the neighbors would betray us. Advertisements were posted everywhere in the city again, in which the Nazis threatened to shoot anyone who harbored Red Army soldiers and partisans, and those who knew where they were hiding and did not inform the authorities about it.
After the secondary occupation of Kharkov, the Germans occupied the 1st hospital under their military hospital, and the prisoners of war were transferred to the premises of the 13th school on the street. Karl Marx. Everything here was made according to the model of a concentration camp: barbed wire around in several rows and reinforced security. Again, the Germans set up a concentration camp on Kholodnaya Gora, from where they brought unfortunate people to us, but now they brought only the seriously wounded. Our comrade K.R. Sedov was no longer there, with whom I somehow felt more confident. He managed to escape with our troops. Now the wounded were brought in by a German paramedic. "Shefarzt" Hans Stappert appeared again.
During this period, the Nazis were especially raging. There were raids almost every day. A truck stopped on the streets and squares, German soldiers jumped out, grabbed everyone who came to hand, drove them into a car and took them to a “collection point” to be sent to Germany. Each of us who had to go outside did not know if he would return home. People were shot by the thousands.
Despite all the atrocities of the Nazis, we felt that the end of their power was coming. I don't remember who brought the Soviet leaflet to the hospital. The prisoners of war pulled it out of each other's hands. All this lifted our spirits and gave hope to our hearts. It was a shame to those of our officers and soldiers who were captured in these last months before the liberation of Kharkov. Almost all the pilots were lying in one of our wards: K. Sharkovich, N. A. Sobolev, V. P. Zaitsev, Captain Semirenko, Colonel Stafeev and others.
In July, pilot A. V. Ustinov was taken to the hospital in a critical condition. He had 16 wounds, he lost a lot of blood. Now, Yulia Vinnichenko and I took him to the operating table, treated the wounds, removed fragments of broken bones and bullets, gave him a transfusion of fluids (there was no blood). But he had two more serious wounds in the chest. Immediate surgery was excluded. It was necessary first to give the wounded a little to get stronger. Several days have passed. Unfortunately, we still did not have antibiotics, and other drugs, such as sulfidine, streptocide, did not have the necessary effect, and the pilot developed a high temperature. The bullet lodged in the lung gave suppuration. It was necessary to urgently operate, but before that it was necessary to do an x-ray examination of the lungs and establish where the bullet was, whether it could be removed. To do this, I asked a doctor in a German hospital to allow me to use the X-ray room. I did not turn this request to the monster Shtappert, because I knew that he would answer me: if there is no hope for a speedy recovery of the patient, he must be shot.
When Shappert left the hospital, I organized this "expedition". After consulting, we decided to use opportunity and not only take Ustinov for an X-ray, but also release another pilot, N.A. Sobolev. A.F. Nikitinskaya suggested taking civilian clothes for Sobolev with him and changing his clothes in the X-ray room.
Previously, I agreed with the nurse of the 6th polyclinic N.P. Protopopova. She had to wait for us on the street to take Sobolev away and temporarily put him in a civilian hospital, since he still needed special treatment (his eye was removed after being wounded). We decided to carry out the planned plan between three and four o'clock in the afternoon. Just at this time, the guards at the gate changed, and we expected to leave with some guards, and enter with others. Then they will not notice that not everyone has returned.
We left in a whole procession: four orderlies from the convalescents carried Ustinov on a stretcher, behind them A.F. Nikitinskaya led Sobolev by the arm, Yulia and I closed the procession. Yulia was carrying a bix (a metal box for sterile material), which contained a jacket, trousers and boots, covered with a sheet and cotton wool. We cheerfully walked past the guards, explaining to them that we were going to an x-ray in a German hospital. There were no guards there, so we went completely freely to the X-ray room, where our Soviet doctor K.A. Reztsova worked. We looked at the pilot, outlined how to operate him, and, leaving A.F. Nikitinskaya to pack and carry Ustinov on the way back, went out into the yard. Since it was not possible to change Sobolev's clothes in the X-ray room, I was constantly looking for a place where he could change clothes. Finally I saw the booth in which the guard used to stand when there were prisoners of war. I told Sobolev: "Quickly go to the booth and change clothes." Julia followed him. Turning our backs on Sobolev and blocking the entrance, we began to talk animatedly. He quickly changed his clothes, gave Yulia his hospital gown, which she put in the Bix, and went to the hospital, while Sobolev and I went out into the street. N.P. Protopopova was already waiting for us. After giving her Sobolev, I returned to the hospital. There were already other guards standing there, and everything went off safely.
Alexandra Fedorovna immediately placed the wounded man from the corridor on the vacant bed, and we told the sick that Sobolev had been transferred to another department. Perhaps in the ward they guessed the true reason for the disappearance of the pilot, but no one asked anything.
Contact with women who brought clothes and food was maintained mainly by A.F. Nikitinskaya. She set up a real warehouse of civilian clothes in her linen room. If Shappert looked there, he would immediately send her to the Gestapo. In addition to clothes, she also kept documents of some of the wounded, orders, certificates, certificates. She hid all this in different nooks and crannies known only to her.
On August 8, there was a group escape from the hospital. The wounded dug under the fence. About 30 people left, including pilot V.P. Zaitsev, N.O. Bokun, Golubev, Shkolny. It was just before the day when Stappert was selecting convalescents to be sent to a concentration camp. In the morning, the escape was discovered, and Stappert ran furious around the hospital building and threatened everyone with reprisals. It ended with the fact that he sent several wounded who had not yet fully recovered to a concentration camp. Those who resisted were shot in the hospital yard.
Many doctors and nurses worked in the hospital. There were few nurses, their work was done by convalescents, whom we detained in every possible way in the hospital so that they would not be sent back to the concentration camp.
One POW nurse worked with us. We really wanted to help her escape from the hospital. But it was very difficult to do this: she was the only woman among the prisoners of war, so her absence would have been immediately detected. And yet we decided to take her out of the hospital at the request of one of the sisters. Alexandra Fyodorovna got her civilian clothes and a medical gown, put her on duty with a seriously ill patient until the Germans left the hospital and only guards remained.
Unfortunately, Shtappert again for some reason went through the wards and suddenly saw a girl. He knew her by sight and immediately suspected something was wrong. The German forced her to take off her bathrobe and saw that she was wearing an ordinary dress. Who gave her clothes? yelled Shtappert. “Where is the mistress sister?” Alexandra Fedorovna, hearing these cries, quickly took off her dressing gown and left the hospital, and I said that the hostess was not there, she was ill. Shappert then ordered his paramedic to immediately send the girl to Kholodnaya Gora. Her further fate is unknown to us.
Our army was approaching Kharkov. Everyone knew about it and listened with bated breath to the distant cannonade. The Nazis, busy saving their own skins, have almost stopped coming to us. Then they suddenly changed the guards, instead of the Germans they put policemen. These also saw that the “German order” was coming to an end, and when women began to especially press on them and ask to be let through in order to take their “son” or “husband” from the hospital, some policemen agreed to pretend that they did not see as we withdraw, and the women take away the wounded. Thus, the pilot Ustinov was also carried out on a stretcher. E.I. Shidkovskaya, who lived on Katsarskaya Street, No. 34, took him to her apartment.
As a result of "transportation", his temperature rose even higher. Together with Zhenya Zizina or Yulia Vinnichenko, we visited him daily, bandaged him, but I saw that the patient had purulent inflammation of the lung and an operation was urgently needed, otherwise he would die. I decided to operate on him right there, at Shidkovskaya's apartment. Yulia and I brought everything necessary for the operation, and I resected two of his ribs, inserted a rubber tube through which pus from the lung should drain into a jar. Zhenya Zizina gave him injections of camphor and caffeine. Then we bandaged the wounded man and left him in the care of Efrosinya Iosifovna, instructing her how to care for him.
In the last days before the arrival of our troops, the policemen no longer stood constantly at the hospital, sometimes they went somewhere and did not appear for several hours. During these hours, we not only brought out and distributed to the population all the walking sick and wounded, but also carried many stretcher patients with plaster casts, who did not require constant monitoring. And only the most seriously ill patients, who could not even be transferred from a bed to a stretcher, remained in the hospital.
All the seriously wounded nurses, along with their beds, were dragged to one ward and stayed in the hospital all night. When I came the next day, I saw empty wards on two floors, tires, bandages were scattered everywhere in disorder, mattresses were dumped on one of the beds. Alexandra Fedorovna met me in the corridor: “Well, did we do well? This is just in case. If one of the Germans jumps in, we will say that everyone was taken away. But look how we barricaded the wounded.”
Indeed, empty beds, benches, chairs were piled up in front of the door to the ward. There seemed to be no one in those empty rooms. In fact, a narrow passage was left in the ward to the wounded, and one of the sisters was constantly on duty there. As always, I made rounds, reassured the sick, made the necessary dressings, and then with Zhenya Zizina went to the apartments where our wounded lay.
On the last day before the arrival of our troops, I went to the gynecological department, which was located in the building of the 1st polyclinic on Sverdlov Street, and agreed there with the doctor on duty and the nurse that we would bring to them on a stretcher one wounded man, who before the arrival of our troops should be hidden in the women's hospital. They agreed, and we, fearing that Ustinov would not be found near Shidkovskaya and shot at the last moment, transferred the wounded man to the gynecological hospital. There he was dressed in a women's shirt, his head was bandaged, and only eyes were visible in his thin, emaciated face. He shaved clean himself and passed for a sick woman. They put him in a separate room.
The next day the Red Army came and liberated the long-suffering city from the fascist invaders.
Alexei Ustinov later said: when he found out that our troops were marching along Sverdlov Street, he could not stand it, crawled out of bed and went out into the yard. With difficulty he reached the lattice gates, holding in his hands the tube that had been inserted into his chest cavity, stood, looked at the passers-by. Soviet soldiers and tears flowed uncontrollably from his eyes. Then he stopped one of them: "Wait, brother, let me take a closer look at you." He stopped, looked in surprise at Ustinov, at his women's shirt, at the buzz cut of hair and the protruding beard on his face, and said: “Something I don’t understand - are you a man or a woman?” And I, Ustinov said, had a spasm in my throat and I could not say anything, only tears of joy that, finally, I had waited for my own, continued to pour from my eyes.
...Many years have passed since that memorable August day in 1943, but we will never forget the terrible months of the occupation of Kharkov. Great was the desire of the Soviet people to quickly expel the fascist bandits from our land. And everyone tried to do everything possible to bring the liberation of their native city closer. So did we - Soviet doctors.
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OE FTERYUSH, - RETEVYM MECHYOUPO UHTCHP. vBLMBOPCH!.. tBOEOPNKH UDEMBMY RETECHSHLH. h VPLCHPN LBTNBOE RYDTsBLB OBYMY OENOZP DEOEZ, DPLKHNEOFSHCH (JCHBFSH rBCHMPN NEYuYLPN), UCHEFPL U RYUSHNBNY Y TSEOUULPK ZHPFPZTBJYUEULPK LBTFPYULPK. deusflb dchb hztanschi, oevtyfschi, yuetoschi pf bzbtb madek rp pyuetedy yuumedpchbmy oetsope, h tutors lhdtsylbi, dechyushe mygp, y lbtfpyulb unkheeeoop chetokhmbush o UCHPE NEUFP. tboeoshchk METsBM VE RBNSFY, U BUFSHCHCHYNY, VEULTPCHOSCHNY ZHVBNY, VETSY'OEOOOP CHSCFSOKHCH THLY RP PDESMH. PO OE UMSCHIBM, LBL DKHYOSCHN FENOP-UYSCHN CHEYUETPN EZP CHSHCHCHEMY Y' DETEKOY ABOUT FTSULPK FEMEZE, PYUOHMUS HTS ABOUT OPUIMLBI. RETCHPE PEHEEOOYE RMBCHOPZP LBYUBOIS UMYMPUSH U FBLIN CE UNHFOSCHN PEHEEOOYEN RMSCCHHEEZP OBD ZPMCHPK JCHEDOPZP OEVB. UP CHUEI UFPTPO PVUFHRBMB NPIOBFBS, VEZZMBBS FENSH, FSOHMP UCHETSYN Y LTERLYN, LBL VSC OBUFPSOOSCHN ABOUT URYTFH, BRBIPN ICHPY Y RTEMPZP MYUFB. PO RPYUKHCHUFCHPCHBM FYIHA VMBZPDBTOPUFSH L MADSN, LPFPTSHCHE OEUMY EZP FBL RMBCHOP Y VETETSOP. IPFEM ЪBZPCHPTYFSH U OYNY, YIECHEMSHOKHM ZKHVBNY Y, OYUEZP OE ULBBCH, UPCHB CHRBM CH ЪBVSCHFSH. lPZDB RTPUOHMUS CHFPTYUOP, VSCHM HCE DEOSH. h DSCHNSEYIUS MBRBI LEDTPCHOYLB FBSMP RSHCHYOPE Y MEOYCHPE UPMOGE. NEYUYL METSBM ABOUT LPKLE, CH FEOY. URTBCHB UFPSM UHIPC, CHSHCHUPLYK, OEZOKHEIKUS NHTSYUYOB CH UETPN VPMSHOYUOPN IBMBFE, B UMECHB, PRTPLYOKHCH Yuete RMEYUP FTSEMSHCHE BPMPFYUFP-THUSCHE LPUSH, ULMPOIMBUSH OBD LPKLPK URPLPKOBS Y NSUZBLB. рЕТЧПЕ, ЮФП ПИЧБФЙМП нЕЮЙЛБ, - ЮФП ЙУИПДЙМП ПФ ЬФПК УРПЛПКОПК ЖЙЗХТЩ - ПФ ЕЕ ВПМШЫЙИ ДЩНЮБФЩИ ЗМБЪ, РХЫЙУФЩИ ЛПУ, ПФ ФЕРМЩИ УНХЗМЩИ ТХЛ, - ВЩМП ЮХЧУФЧП ЛБЛПК-ФП ВЕУГЕМШОПК, ОП ЧУЕПВЯЕНМАЭЕК, РПЮФЙ ВЕЪЗТБОЙЮОПК ДПВТПФЩ Й ОЕЦОПУФЙ.
HERE C? - FYIP URTPUYM NEYYL. CHSHCHUPLYK, OEZOHEYKUS NHTSYUYOB RTPFSOHM PFLHDB-FP ACCORDING TO LPUFMSCHHA, TSEUFLHA MBDPOSH, RPEKHRBM RHMSHU.
UPKDEF... - ULBBM BY URPLPKOP. - chBTS, RTYZPFPCHSHFE CHUE DMS RETECHSHLY DB LMYLOIFE iBTUEOLP ... rPNPMYUBM OENOPPZP Y OEYCHEUFOP DMS UEZP DPVBCHYM: - xTs ЪBPDOP. NEYUYL U VPMSHHA RTYRPDOSM CHELY Y RPUNPFTEM ABOUT ZPCHPTYCHYEZP. x FPZP VSCHMP DMYOOPE Y CEMFPE MYGP U ZMHVPLP BRBCHYNY VMEUFSEYNY ZMBBNY. SING VETBMYUOP HUFBCHYMYUSH ABOUT TBOEOPZP, Y PYO ZMB OEPTSYDBOOP Y ULHYUOP RPDNYZOHM. VSCHMP PYUEOSH VPMShOP, LPZDB CH BUPIYE TBOSCH UPCBMY YETYBCHHA NBTMA, OP NEYUYL CHUE CHTENS PEKHEBM ABOUT UEVE PUFPPTTSOSCHE RTYLPUOPCHEOYS MBULPCHSCHI TSEOULYI THL YOE LTYUBM.
ChPF Y IPTPYP, - ULBBM CHSHCHUPLYK NKHTSYUYOB, LPOYUBS RETECHSHLH. - fTY DSHCHTLY OBUFPSEYI, B H ZPMCHKH - FBL, GBTBRYOB. YuETE NEUSG BTBUFHF, YMY S - OE UFBYOULYK. - according to OEULPMSHLP PTSYCHYMUS, VSHCHUFTEK BYECHEMM RBMSHGBNY, FPMSHLP ZMBB UNPFTEMY U FEN CE FPULMYCHSHCHN VMEULPN, Y RTBCHSHCHK - PDOPPVTBOP NYZBM. NEUILB HNSCHMY. ON RTYRPDOSMUS ABOUT MPLFSI Y RPUNPFTEM CHPLTHZ. lBLYE-FP MADY UHEFIMYUSH H VTECHEOYUBFPZP VBTBLB, YJ FTHVSHCH CHIMUS UYOECHBFSHCHK DSHNPL, OB LTSCHIE RTPUFHRBMB UNPMB. pZTPNOSHCHK YUETOPLMACHSHCHK DSFEM DEMPCHYFP UFHYUBM ABOUT PRYLE. PRETYUSH ABOUT RPUPYPL, DPVTPDHYOP ZMSDEM ABOUT CHUE UCHEFMPVPTPDSCHK Y FYYK UVBTYUPL CH IBMMBFE. OBD UVBTYYULPN, OBD VBTBLPN, OBD NEYUILPN, PLHFBOOBS UNPMSOCHNY BRBIBNY, RMSHMB USCHFBS FBETSOBS FYYOB. OEDEMY FTY FPNKH OBBD, YBZBS YY ZPTPDB U RHFECHLPK CH UBRPZE Y TECHPMSHCHETPN CH LBTNBOE, NEYUYL PYUEOSH UNHFOP RTEDUFBCHMSM UEVE, UFP EZP PTSYDBEF. according to VPDTP OBUCHYUFSHCHBM CHUEEMEOSHLYK ZPTPDULPK NPFICHYUIL - CH LBTsDPK TSYMLE YZTBMB YHNOBS LTPCHSH, IPFEMPUSH VPTSHVSHCH Y DCHYTSEOIS. MADY CH UPRLBI (ЪOBLPNSHE FPMSHLP RP ZBEFBN) CHUFBCHBMY RETED ZMBBNY LBL TSYCHSCHE - CH PDETSDE YЪ RPTPICHPZP DSHNB Y ZETPYUEULYI RPDCHYZCH. ZPMPCHB RHIMB PF MAVPRSCHFUFCHB, PF DET'LPZP CHPPVTBTSEOIS, PF FPNYFEMSHOP-UMBDLYI CHPURPNYOBOYK P DECHKHYLE CH UCHEFMSCHI LHDTSYLBI. POB, OVERCHETOP, RP-RTETSOENH RSHEF HFTPN LPZHE U REYUEOSHEN Y, UFSOKHCH TENEYLPN LOYTSLY, PVETOHFSHCHE CH UYOAA VHNBZH, IPYF HYUYFSHUS ... x
LFP FBLPC? - URTPUYM PUFTPMYGSCHK RBTEOSH CH NBFTPUULPK ZHTBCLE.
DB ChPF... RPUMBO Y ZPTPDB...
DPLHNEOPSHCH? rTYYMPUSH TBHFSHUS Y DPUFBFSH RHFECHLH.
- "... rty ... NPTULPK ... P-VMBUFOPK LPNYFEF ... UPGYBMYUFCH ... TE-MA-GY-OE-TPCH ...", - YUYFBM NBFTPU RP ULMBDBN, YITEDLB CHIVTBUSCHCHBS ABOUT NEYUYLB LPMAYUYE, LBL VPDSLY, ZMBB. - fB-BL... - RTPFSOKHM OEPRTEDEMEOOOP. th ChDTHZ, OBMYCHYUSH LTPCHSHHA, UICHBFIM NEYUYLB BL PFCHPTPFSHCH RYDTBLB Y BLTYUBM OBFKhTSEOOSCHN, CHYZMYCHSHCHN ZPMPUPN:
LBL CE FS, RBULHDB...
UFP? UFP?.. - TBUFETSMUS NEYUIL. - dB CHEDSH LFP TSE - "NBLUINBMYUFPC" ... rTPYUFYFE, FPCBTIE!
PVShCHULB-BFSH!
SING OE TBYPVTBMY... - ZPCHPTYM NEYUYL, OETCHOP CHUIMIRSHCHCHBS Y BYLBSUSH. - CHEDSH FBN TSE OBRYUBOP "NBLUINBMYUFCH" ... pVTBFIFE CHOYNBOYE, RPTsBMHKUFB ...
B OK, DBK VKhNBZH. yuAMPCHEL CH VBTUKHYUSHEK RBRBIE HUFBCHYMUS ABOUT RHFECHLH. RPD EZP CHZMSDPN ULPNLBOOBS VHNBTsLB LBL VHDFP DSHNYMBUSH. rPFPN ACCORDING TO RETECHEM OF ZMBB ABOUT NBFTPUB.
DHTBL... - ULBBM UHTCHP. - oE CHIDYYSH: "NBLUINBMYUFCH" ...
OH DB, OH CPF! - CHPULMYLOHM NEYUYL PVTBDPHBOOP. CHEDSH WITH CE ZPCHPTYM - NBLUINBMYUFCH! CHEDSH FFP CE UPCHUEN DTHZPE...
CHSHCHIPDYF, ЪTS VYMY ... - TBYUBTCHBOOP ULBBM NBFTPU. - uHDEUB! h FPF CE DEOSH NEYUYL UFBM TBCHOPRTBCHOSHCHN UMEOPN PFTSDB. PLTHTSBAEYE MADY OYULPMSHLP OE RPIPDYMY ABOUT UPDBOOSCHI EZP RSHCHMLYN CHPPVTBTSEOEN. LFY VSCHMY ZTSOEEE, CHYCHEK, TSEUFYUE Y OERPUTEDUFCHEOOEK. sing LTBMY DTXZ X DTHZB RBFTPOSHCH, TXZBMYUSH TBDTTBSEOOOSCHN NBFPN YЪ-ЪB LBTsDPZP RHUFSLB Y DTBMYUSH CH LTPCHSH YЪ-ЪB LHULB UBMB. Schujbmyush Obd Neuylpn RP Chuslpnh RPCHPDH - OBP ZPTPDULIN REDCLPN, OBD RTBCHIMShopk Teyesha, OBD Fenn, Yufp Yuufhafsh Choofpchlh, DBCE OBC, UFP for vulnerable Zho -Fuel Fuel and Fuel. oP ЪBFP FFP VSCHMY OE LOYTSOSCHE, B OBUFPSEYE, TSICHSHCHE MADY. FERETSH, METSB OB FYIPK FBETSOPK RTPZBMYOE, NEYUL CHUE RETETSIM CHOPCSHSH. Enkh UFBMP TsBMSh IPTPYEZP, OBYCHOPZP, OP YULTEOOOEZP YUKHCHUFCHB, U LPFPTSHCHN PO EM H PFTSD. at PUPVEOOOPK, VPMEJOEOOOPK YUHFLPUFSHHA CHPURTYOYNBM PO FERESH GBVPFSCH Y MAVPCHSH PLTHTSBAEYI, DTENPFOKHA FBETSOKHA FYYYOKH. ZPURYFBMSH UFPSM ABOUT UFTEMLE X UMYSOIS DCHHI LMAYUEK. ABOUT PRYLE, ZDE RPUFHLYCHBM DSFEM, YERFBMYUSH VBZTSOSCHE NBOSHYUTSKHTULIE YUETOPLMEOSCH, B CHOYKH, RPD PFLPUPN, OEHUFBOOP REMY HLHFBOOSCHE CH UETEVTYUFSHCHK RSHCHTOIL LMAYUY. vPMSHOSHI Y TBOEOSCHI VSHMP OENPZP. fSTSEMSCHI - DCHPE: UHYUBOULYK RBTFYBO ZHTPMPCH, TBOEOOSHCHK CH TSYCHPF, Y NEUYL. lBCDPE HFTP, LPZDB YI CHSCHOPUYMY YJ DHYOPZP VBTBLB, L NE-YUYLH RPDIPDYM UCHEFMPVPTPDShK Y FYYK UFBTYUPL rYLB. According to the fiberbm of the loblha-FP pyueosh ufbtha, Chueny Kommersantha Lbtfyokh: h ohechpnhfinpk Faiyeo, x dtechzp, RPTPUPP NIPN ULIFB OBPN. FYIPE OEVP OBD UFBTYULPN, FYIYE, CH TsBTLPK YUFPNE, EMI, FYIPE, BTPUYEE LBNSCHYBNY PETTP. NYT, UPO, FYYOB ... OE PV FFPN MY YOE FPULHEF X NEYULB DHYB? doomed ZPMPULPN, LBL DETECHEOULYK DSHSUPL, RYLB TBUULBSCCHBM P USCHOE - VSCCHYEN LTBUOPZCHBTDEKGE.
DB-B... rTYIPDYF FFP ON DP NEOS. s, LPOEYOP, GO ABOUT RBUEL. OH, OE CHYDBMYUSH DBCHOP, RPGEMPCHBMYUSH - DEMP RPOSFOPE. CHYTSH FPMSHLP, UHNOSHCHK ON YFPK-FP ... "s, ZPCHPTYF, VBFS, CH yuyfkh HETSBA". - "rPYUENKh FBLPE? .." - "dB FBN, ZPCHPTYF, VBFS, YUEIPUMPCHBLY PVYASCHYMYUSH". - "OH-L UFP C, ZPCHPTA, YUEIPUMPCHBLY? .. TSYCHY DEUSH; UNPFTY, ZPCHPTA, VMBZPDBFSH-FP LBLBS?.." RYUEMLY... CH-Ts-Ts... Ts-Ts... rYLB UOINBM U ZPMPCHSCH NSZLHA YUETOHA YBRUPOLKH Y TBDPUFOP RPCHPDYM EA CHPLTKhZ.
YUFP C FSH ULBTSEYSH?.. oE PUFBMUS! fBL YOE PUFBMUS... HEIBM... FERETSCH Y RBUELKH "LPMYUBLY" TBYZTPNYMY, Y USHCHOB OEENB... CHPF - TsYOSH! NEYUIL MAVYM EZP UMHYBFSH. OTBCHYMUS FYYK RECHHYUK ZPCHPT UFBTYLB, EZP NEDMEOOSHK, YDHEIK YOYOHFTY, TSEUF. OP EEE VPMSHIE MAVM ON, LPZDB RTYIPDYMB "NYMPUETDOBS UEUFTB". POB PVYCHBMB Y PVNSCHCHBMB CHEUSH MBBTEF. yUKHCHUFCHPCHBMBUSH CH OEK VPMSHYKHEBS MAVPCHSH L MADSN, B L NEYUYLKH PPO PFOPUYMBUSH PUPVEOOP OETsOP Y ЪBVPFMYCHP. rPUFEREOOP RPRTBCHMSSUSH, PO OBYOBM UNPFTEFSH ABOUT OEE NIGHT ZMBBNY. POB VSCHMB OENOPTSLP UHFHMB Y VMEDOB, B THLY HER YЪMYYOE CHEMYLY DMS TSEOEIOSHCH. OP IPDYMB POB LBLPK-FP PUPVEOOPC, OERMBCHOPK, UIMSHOPK RPIPDLPK, Y ZPMPU HER CHUEZDB UFP-FP PVEEBM. i LPZDB POB UBDYMBUSH. TSDPN ABOUT LTPCHBFSH, NEYUYL HCE OE REFINERY METSBFSH URPLPKOP. (PO OILPZDB VSHCHOE UPOBMUS CH FFPN DECHKHYLE CH SUCH FMSCHI LHDTSILBI.)
VMXDMYCHBS POB - chBTSHLB, - ULBBM PDOBTSDSCH RYLB. - nP-TPLB, NHTs EE, Ch PFTSDE, B POB VMXDYF ... uEUFTB UYTBMB ABOUT RTPZBMYOE VEMSH, B PPLMP OEE CHETFEMUS ZHEMSHDYET iBTUEOLP. ON FP Y DEMP OBLMPOSMUS L OEK Y ZPCHPTYM YuFP-FP CHEUEMPE, Y POB, CHUE YUBEE PFTSCHCHBSUSH PF TBVPFSCH, RPZMSDSCHCHBMB OB OEZP UFTBOOSCHN DSHNYUBFSHCHN CHZMSDPN. UMPCHP "VMHDMYCHBS" RTPVHDYMP CH NEYUYLE PUFTPE MAVPRSHCHFUFCHP.
B PFUEZP POB ... FBLBS? - URTPUYM PO RILH, UFBTSUSH ULTSCHFSH UNHEEOYE.
B YHF HER OBEF, U UEZP POB FBLBS MBULPCHBS. OE NPTSEF OILPNKh PFLBBFSH - Y CHUE FHF... NEYUYL CHURPNOYM P RETCHPN CHEYUBFMEOYY, LPFPTPE RTPIYCHEMB OB OEZP UEUFTB, YOERPOSFOBS PVIDB IECHEMSHOHMBUSH CH OEN. at LFPC NYOHFSCH PO UFBM CHOYNBFEMSHOEK OBVMADBFSh ЪB OEK. h UBNPN DEME, POB UMYYLPN NOPZP "LTHFYMB" U NKhTSYuYOBNY, - UP CHUSLYN, LFP IPFSh OENOPTsLP NPZ PVIPDYFSHUS VE YUHTsPK RPNPEY. OP CHEDSH CH ZPURYFBME VPMSHIE OE VSHMP TSEOEIO. hFTPN LBL-FP, RPUME RETECHSHLY, POB BDETTSBMBUSH, PRTBCHMSS NEUYLH RPUFEMSH.
RPUYDY UP NOPC... - ULBBM PO, LTBUOES. POB RPUNPFTEMB OB OEZP DPMZP Y CHOYNBFEMSHOP, LBL CH FPF DEOSH, UFITS VEMSE, UNPFTEMB OB iBTUEOLP.
YYSH FS... - ULBMB OECHPMSHOP U OELPFPTSCHN HDYCHMEOYEN. pDOBLP, PRTBCHYCH RPUFEMSH, RTYUEMB TSDPN.
FEVE OTBCHYFUS iBTUEOLP? - URTPUYM NEYUIL. POBOE UMSCHYBMB CHPRTPUB - PFCHEFYMB UPVUFCHEOOOSCHN NSCHUMSN, RTYFSZYCHBS NEYUYLB VPMSHYNY DSHNYUBFSHCHNY ZMBBNY:
B CHEDSH FBLPK NPMPDEOSHLIK ... - th URPICBFYCHYUSH: iBTUEOLP? .. uFP C, OYUEZP. CHUE CHSC - ABOUT PDOKH LPMPDLKH... NEYUYL CHSHCHOKHM YJ-RPD RPDHYLY OEVPMSHYPK UCHEFPL CH ZBEFOPK VKhNBZE. у РПВМЕЛЫЕК ЖПФПЗТБЖЙЙ ЗМСОХМП ОБ ОЕЗП ЪОБЛПНПЕ ДЕЧЙЮШЕ МЙГП, ОП ПОП ОЕ РПЛБЪБМПУШ ЕНХ ФБЛЙН НЙМЩН, ЛБЛ ТБОШЫЕ, - ПОП УНПФТЕМП У ЮХЦПК Й ДЕМБООПК ЧЕУЕМПУФША, Й ИПФС нЕЮЙЛ ВПСМУС УПЪОБФШУС Ч ЬФПН, ОП ЕНХ УФТБООП УФБМП, ЛБЛ НПЗ ПО ТБОШЫЕ ФБЛ НОПЗП ДХНБФШ P OEK. PO EEE OE OBM, BYUEN LFP DEMBEF Y IPTPYP MY LFP, LPZDB RTPFSZYCHBM UEUFTE RPTFTEF DECHKHYLY CH UCHEFMSCHI LHDTSYLBI. uEUFTB TBUUNBFTYCHBMB EZP - UOBYUBMB CHVMYYY, RPFPN PFUFBCHYCH THLH, Y CHDTHZ, CHSHTPOYCH RPTFTEF, CHULTYLOKHMB, CHULPYUYMB U RPUFEMY Y VSHCHUFTP PZMSOHMBUSH OBBD.
IPTPYB LHTCHB! - ULBBM YЪ-ЪB LMEOB YuEK-FP OBUNEYMYCHSHCHK ITYRMPCHBFSHCHK ZPMPU. NEYUYL RPLPUYMUS CH FH UFPTPOH Y HCHYDEM UFTBOOP ЪOBLPNPE MYGP U TTsBChSCHN OERPUMHYOSCHN YUHVPN YЪ-RPD ZHTBTSLY Y U OBUNEYMYCHSCHNY EMMEOP-LBTYNY ZMBBNY, H LPFPTTSCHI VSHCHTHMP FPZDEB.
OH YOUZP YURHZBMBUSH? - URPLPKOP RTPDPMTSBM ITYRMPCHBFSHCHK ZPMPU. - sFP SOE OB FEVS - ABOUT RBFTEF ... nOPZP S VBV RETENEOIM, B CHPF RBFTEPCH OE YNEA. nPCEF, FSCH NOE LPZDB RPDBTYYSH?.. ChBTS RTYYMB CH UEVS Y BUNESMBUSH.
OH Y OBRKHZBM ... - ULBBMB OE UCHPYN - RECHHYUYN VBVSHYN ZPMPUPN. - pFLHDB LFP FEVS, YuETFB RBFMBFPZP ... - th PVTBEBSUSH L NEYUYLH: - fP - nPTPЪLB, NHTs NPK. CHUEZDB UFP-OYVHDSH HUFTPIF.
DB NSCH U OIN ЪOBLPNSCH ... FTPYLY, - ULBBM PTDYOBTEG, U HUNEYLPK PFFEOICH UMPCHP "FTPYLY". NEYUYL METSBM LBL RTYYYVMEOOSHK, OE OBIPDS UMPC PF UFSCHDB Y PVYDSCHK. ChBTS HCE VBVSCHMB RTP LBTFPYULKH Y, TBZPCHBTYCHBS U NHTSEN, OBUFKHRIMB OB OEE OPZPK. NEYUYLH UFSHDOP VSCHMP DBCE RPRTPUYFSH, YUFPVSCH LBTFPYULH RPDOSMY. b LPZDB POI KHYMY H FBKZH, PO, UFYUOHCH ЪHVSH PF VPMY H OPZBI, UBN DPUFBM CHNSFSHCHK H ENMA RPTFTEF Y Y PTCCHBM EZP H LMPYULY.
