Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka, Budyonovka (Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak") ... Forms of words
AND; pl. genus. wok, dat. vkam; and. Red Army cloth helmet of a special cut with a visor and ears (originally among the Budyonovites). * * * Budyonovka vernacular name headdress that existed in the Red Army in 1919 41. * * * BUDENOVKA BUDENOVKA ... encyclopedic Dictionary
BUDENOVKA, budenovka, women. (neol. colloquial). Red Army helmet of a special type. (By the name of the commander of the first cavalry army Budyonny.) Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
BUDENOVKA, and, wives. Red Army cloth headdress in the form of a helmet (in 1 meaning) with a red star. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Budyonovka, and; R. pl. wok… Russian word stress
budenovka- Budyonovka, and, genus. n. pl. h wok (headdress) ... Russian spelling dictionary
budenovka- (BSRG) ... Dictionary of the use of the letter Yo
budenovka- BUDENOVKA, and, pl. wok, dat. vkam, f Headdress in the form of a low cone-shaped helmet made of soft cloth with a red star above the visor, with drooping ears; named after the hero of the Civil War, Semyon Budyonny; part of the uniform ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
K.Yu. Goncharov
The traditions of military heraldry and symbols, uniformology, vexillology (flag science) have more than one century in the armies of this or that state. So, until the beginning of the 20th century, signs and various kinds of emblems worn on uniforms served as an addition to the diversity inherent in the colors and designs of the elements of military uniforms themselves. And the uniform itself was rather a model of aesthetics and ceremonial beauty, rather than being adapted for wearing in combat and marching conditions in our modern sense.
Over time, the uniform of protective colors has become almost the only and universal type of military uniform used in all armies of the world. For the first time, the British introduced the protective coloring of the uniform (the so-called "khaki" color) in their army during the Anglo-Boer War (1899 - 1902).
As a result technical revolution the specialization and versatility of the armed forces increased, and accordingly, the need arose for a more thorough development of practical, comfortable uniforms and military insignia and distinction.
In Russia, after the revolution of 1917, all the traditions of the Russian army were largely abolished or completely destroyed. Since 1918, in the future Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), created on the basis of the Red Guard detachments, the historical symbols of the Russian army were almost completely swept aside, and in subsequent years a new uniform was introduced.
However, at first it was impossible at one moment to come up with, develop and mass-produce a new model uniform for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. Having destroyed what was before, it is much more difficult to create something else from scratch - and even in the conditions of the civil war in Russia. Therefore, when forming parts of the Red Army, stocks of uniforms of the old Russian army were used, but, basically, without insignia. It was also allowed to wear military uniforms of arbitrary samples and civilian clothes. In this connection, the order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs L. Trotsky (Bronstein) dated September 30, 1918 No. 929 stated:
“Recognizing it desirable to supply the army to use quite suitable uniforms and shoes brought with them by people called up for military service, I allow:
- Acquire clothing and footwear by order of the military authorities for money from the named persons, provided that these items are fully wearable.
- The price for all items of uniform and footwear purchased from persons entering the service in the Red Army is to be established periodically for a period of 3-4 months by resolutions of meetings at the district commissariats for military affairs, announced in orders for the district.
The entire personnel of the Red Army mostly wore cloth caps, hats (sometimes with a red ribbon on the headdress), protective shirts with a standing collar, cloth trousers tucked into boots or windings with boots, overcoats and sheepskin coats. Commanders, commissars and political workers often wore leather caps and jackets. Since 1919, British and American frenchies have become widespread. Leather jackets were adopted from the aviation units of the tsarist army.
On May 7, 1918, by order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs, a competition was announced to develop new uniforms for the Red Army soldiers, in which famous Russian artists V.M. Vasnetsov, B.M. Kustodiev, M.D. Ezuchevsky, S. Arkadyevsky and others.
On December 18, 1918, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (RVSR) approved a new type of headgear, as well as distinctive signs of command personnel - in the form of triangles, squares, rhombuses, depending on the position held. At the same time, the colors of the instrument cloths were also determined to distinguish the uniforms of the military branches. In the army units, 4,000 headdresses were tested, which were then called “heroes”, because they resembled ancient Russian helmets in appearance. The Red Army soldiers of Ivanovo-Voznesensk were the first to put on the “bogatyrka”. Subsequently, the Red Army helmet - "hero" was called by the names of military leaders, in part of which new uniforms were first received - M.V. Frunze and S.M. Budyonny: "Frunzevka" and "Budyonovka". The last name took root and entered the dictionaries of the Russian language, it is known to this day.
Original origin version
There is a version that a headdress of such an original form was developed even before the revolution and began to be produced during the First World War, but was stored in warehouses and did not enter the troops. It was supposed to dress the soldiers in pointed cloth helmets at the parade in Berlin, scheduled for the summer of 1917, where they were supposed to portray Russian knights - heroes (hence the name “bogatyr” itself appeared). Models of hats and overcoats were developed by the artist Viktor Vasnetsov.
Since specialized publications on the uniform of the Red Army ignore the version that even before the revolution a headdress resembling an old Russian helmet was created, we will try to pay attention to some important points.
Firstly, they are often credited with the creation of all the symbols of the Red Army - a five-pointed star (moreover, it is blue, not red!), New badges, etc. none other than Trotsky. Up to the “idea” of such a headdress as the future “Budyonovka”. Let's make a reservation right away: it is very, very doubtful that the "demon of the world revolution" Leiba Bronstein, under the pseudonym Trotsky, suddenly inflamed with love for everything Slavic and would have given the idea of consonance of the new uniform of the new army of the Republic of Soviets with ancient Russian images. It is known that Trotsky was appointed as the People's Commissariat of War in February 1918, and he was the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (and the People's Commissariat of Railways concurrently, from 1920 to 1921) since 1919. In 1925, Trotsky was removed from the post of the People's Commissariat of Defense for opposition activities. Even if Trotsky proposed something like that in terms of developing a new uniform and symbols, however, it is unreasonable to assign all the laurels to the “master with a cane”, as one of the party members (I.I. Skvortsov) called him, and even a Russophobe and a lover of executions of every tenth the Red Army and other radical measures are simply stupid.
Secondly, the artist Viktor Vasnetsov really often used the image of a Russian knight when creating his patriotic posters during the First World War. For example, we can see a similar image of the Russian hero-hero fighting with the three-headed “Snake Gorynych” on a poster created in 1914. The poster was dedicated to the "Charity Bazaar to help the victims of the war." And therefore, it is quite understandable that Viktor Vasnetsov could have taken the old Russian helmet as a model in advance when creating a new front headdress.
Thirdly, there is information about who specifically could put into production such a headdress as the “bogatyrka”:
“... in the commissariat warehouses already lay new form, sewn by N.A. Vtorov based on sketches by Vasnetsov and Korovin. The uniform was sewn by order of the Court of His Imperial Majesty and was intended for the troops of the Russian army, in which she was to pass at the victory parade in Berlin. These were long-brimmed overcoats with “talks”, cloth helmets stylized as old Russian sholoms, later known as “Budenovkas”, as well as sets of leather jackets with trousers, leggings and caps, intended for mechanized troops, aviation, crews of armored cars, armored trains and scooters. This uniform was transferred during the organization of the Cheka to the employees of this structure - the armed detachment of the party.
It seems quite logical that overcoats in the archery style (with straps - "talks" on the chest) and "helmets of the Russian knight" - "heroes" were developed under Nicholas II to raise the spirit of soldiers, and remind them of great history Russia (the cut itself and the appearance of this overcoat resembles a streltsy caftan of the second half of the 16th century).
Be that as it may, the most common type of military clothing of that time was a khaki shirt (later it became known as a tunic) with a standing collar, trousers Green colour, tucked into boots or boots with windings and a cloth "pointed" helmet. In cold weather, Red Army soldiers and commanders wore a soldier's or officer's overcoat fastened with hooks.
In general, it should be noted that until 1922 appearance various parts of the Red Army, volunteer formations of the Red Army and the personnel of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet was a stunning in its diversity, parrot motley and idiocy, a completely ridiculous hodgepodge of uniforms and the most varied, sometimes contradictory, symbols. A brilliant description is given by the Russian diplomat G.N. Mikhailovsky, who found himself in May 1919 in Sevastopol, not yet occupied by the Reds, who once saw how
“Across the city along Nakhimovsky Prospekt from Ekaterininskaya Street, literally, a “red cavalcade” drove through - all in red robes from head to toe, with white high leggings - not so much Red Army soldiers as “Red Indians” of a new type. A crazy cavalcade (special detachments of the Crimean Cheka) swept through the empty city very picturesquely, which looked like a page from a cinematic novel ... ".
Nevertheless, the military-political leadership Soviet Russia the need for the introduction of a regulated uniform for the Red Army became obvious. It is not for nothing that the difficulties in supplying the Red Army, and not only with uniforms, but for all items of military expenditure, led to the creation on November 10, 1918 of the Extraordinary Commission for the Supply of the Red Army, headed by L.B. Krasin. A.I. was appointed Chusosnabarm. Rykov, whose work on supply "gave particularly valuable results in supplying the army with weapons and ammunition."
The devastation in the heads and, accordingly, in the country devastated by the civil fratricidal war could continue for a long time, but it was impossible to destroy everything indefinitely and to the "foundation, and then ...". This destruction “to the ground” threatened the Bolsheviks themselves with the fact that it would be generally unrealistic to restore something from the ruins. And even more so “to build a world where whoever was nothing will become everything” in the desert, into which all the same staunch Trotskyists with their leader really wanted to turn Russia. Apparently in order to drive someone again for another forty years through the next desert. Therefore, it is not surprising that in 1929 the “great revolutionary” L. Trotsky was expelled from the USSR for anti-Soviet activities. What happened to him next is well known to everyone who is interested in history.
History of uniform changes
By order of the RVSR No. 116 of January 16, 1919, the first description of a winter headdress for all military branches was announced. It was a helmet made of khaki cloth lined with cotton. The helmet cap consisted of six spherical triangles tapering upwards. At the top, a round plate 2 cm in diameter was sewn in, covered with the same cloth. In front, the helmet had a stitched oval visor, and in the back, a nape pad descending down with elongated ends, fastened under the chin with buttons. When folded, the backplate was fastened with loops on leather straps to two cap buttons covered with colored cloth. Above the visor, a cloth star with a diameter of 8.8 cm was sewn onto the helmet, in color according to the type of troops, outlined along the contour with a black edging (for a star made of black cloth, a red edging was provided). A cockade badge was attached to the center of the star.
A sample badge-cockade for headgear was established by order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs on July 29, 1918 No. 594. It was made of yellow copper and had the shape of a five-pointed star with a crossed plow and hammer in the center (not to be confused with a hammer and sickle - this emblem appeared on military cockades in 1922). The front side of the badge was covered with red enamel. The outer ends of the star fit into a circle with a diameter of 36 mm, and the inner ends - 20 mm.
A cloth helmet with a quilted soft visor had a colored five-pointed star with colors according to the type of troops (at that time a red star was sewn only on the left sleeve of a summer shirt or overcoat). So, in the infantry they wore a crimson star on the helmet, in the cavalry - blue, in artillery - orange (the order refers to the "orange" color), in engineering and sapper troops - black, airplane pilots and balloonists - blue, border guards - traditionally green . The star had a black border; respectively, for black star added a red border. The helmet was worn in cold weather. Of the three types of similar headdresses created for the Red Army, the cloth helmets of the Civil War were the tallest and had large stars.
By order of the RVSR No. 628 of April 8, 1919, the uniform of the Red Army soldiers was regulated for the first time. A summer shirt, infantry and cavalry overcoats (in the order they are called caftans) and a headdress were introduced. The headgear for the cold season was the newly approved and somewhat modernized cloth helmet. This sample was called "Budyonovka" - according to the division of S.M. Budyonny, in which he first appeared. The star of the winter headdress, in accordance with the new description, had a diameter of 10.5 cm and was 3.5 cm away from the visor.
Despite the uniforms introduced, until 1922 the troops were not fully provided with them, so many wore out the uniforms of the old Russian army, which remained in in large numbers in warehouses or captured by the Red Army as trophies. As shoes, in addition to the established leather bast shoes, boots with windings, simple bast bast shoes or old soldier's boots were often used. The commanders of the Red Army could wear officer-style boots or even civilian cut, but in this case they were made at their own expense.
By order of the RVSR No. 322 of January 31, 1922, all previously established uniforms, with the exception of leather bast shoes, which still continued to exist, were canceled, and a single, strictly regulated form of clothing was introduced instead. A single cut of the overcoat, shirt and headdress was established.
A headdress (helmet) of winter and summer type was introduced, somewhat modified. Following the example of a winter helmet, a summer headdress also acquired a pointed spherical-conical shape. The summer helmet for all branches of the military was made of tent linen or cotton fabric in light gray or a color close to it and did not have cuffs on the back of the head (in May 1924, this headgear was again replaced by a cap). A chin strap made of the same fabric as the helmet was fastened in front.
The cut and color of the winter helmet have been largely changed. The helmet of the 1922 model was made of dark gray uniform cloth, the cap of the helmet became lower and more rounded. The diameter of the sewn-on star has increased and has become 9.5 cm.
On April 13, 1922, the Red Army badge was changed. Instead of a plow and a hammer, they began to depict a sickle and a hammer on it.
In 1926, the color of the cloth of the helmet was changed from dark gray to protective, in accordance with the color of the cloth uniform of the Red Army of the 1924 model. In addition, on August 2, 1926, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 415, the cloth star sewn onto a winter headdress was abolished, and the Red Army badge should be attached directly to the helmet, at a distance of 7 cm from the sewing of the visor. The buttons on the cap of the helmet were ordered to be sewn on small metal buttons, installed in 1924.
In this form, the helmets existed until 1927, despite the hasty cancellation of this order in October 1926 and the formal restoration of the cloth star. Various Models and modifications of this headgear were used in the troops until the end of the 1930s, when caps, caps and winter hats finally replaced the Budyonovka. Thus, by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 176 of December 3, 1935, new uniforms and insignia are introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. At the same time, the winter helmet of the command and command staff was still a winter helmet, established by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 474 of September 3, 1927. Although this winter helmet differed only slightly (made of semi-coarse dark gray cloth) from the previously established sample in 1922, in front of the new helmet, the correct five-pointed star was still sewn from instrumental cloth, assigned to the military branch of the color with the Red Army badge attached to it. The outer ends of the star were located on a circle with a diameter of 8 cm.
Such a famous headdress of the Red Army as Budyonovka lasted until July 1940. By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 187 of July 5, 1940, instead of a winter helmet, i.e. "Budyonovka", earflaps were introduced: for senior, senior and middle commanding staff and long-term servicemen - made of woolen fabric and gray natural fur, for conscripts - made of cotton helmet cloth and gray faux fur.
Higher, senior and middle commanding staff it is allowed to sew hats at your own expense from natural lamb and gray astrakhan fur.
Nowadays "Budyonovka" is only an attribute feature films about the Red Army and the Civil War, and became a collector's item for lovers of military history, a souvenir for foreigners - we are talking about a remake souvenir, "Budyonovka", which is replicated by tailoring by enterprising craftsmen.
K.Yu. Goncharov
1 People's Commissar - People's Commissar for military affairs.
2 People's Commissariat of Railways - People's Commissar of Communications.
3 Narkomvoenmor - People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs.
4 Vtorov Nikolai Alexandrovich (1866-1918), Russian financial figure, businessman. The owner of the partnership "A.F. Vtorov with sons "(large trade in Siberia) and a number of industrial enterprises. He founded the Moscow Industrial Bank (1916), created (by 1917) an industrial and financial concern. Encyclopedia of Russian merchants. Website of the Society of Merchants and Industrialists of Russia: www.okipr.ru.
5 It is possible that instead of the name of the artist Korovin, the name of Kustodiev should have been. In any case, in all other sources (see the list of references) it is B.M. Kustodiev as co-author V.M. Vasnetsov in the development of new elements of the uniform of the Russian army.
6 Chusosnabarm - Extraordinary Commissioner of the Defense Council for the supply of the army.
Literature:
1. Khrenov M.M., Konovalov I.F., Dementyuk N.V., Terovkin M.A. Military clothing of the Armed Forces of the USSR and Russia (1917 - 1990s). M.: Military Publishing, 1999, pp. 9. 2, 5. Deryabin A.I. Civil War in Russia 1917 - 1922. Red Army. M .: LLC Firm AST Publishing House, 1998, pp. 3 - 5. 3. Small Soviet Encyclopedia. / Volume VIII. Art. "Trotsky". M.: Joint Stock Company "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1930, pp. 956 - 958. 4. Vtorov O.A. Start of continuation. Russian entrepreneurship and Russian social democracy. Library of the Society of Merchants and Industrialists. M.: 2003. 6. Small Soviet Encyclopedia. / Volume IV. Art. "Red Army - Red Guard". M .: Joint Stock Company "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1929, pp. 290 - 295. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Dress code and insignia of the Red and Soviet army 1918 - 1945 / Comp.: Kharitonov O.V. (Artillery historical Museum). Ed.: Colonel Ermoshin I.P. L .: Methodological and advisory center "Novik" them. A. V. Vorontsova, 1960, pp. 5 - 32.Additional literature:
1. Mokienko V.M., Nikitina T.G. Explanatory dictionary of the language of the Soviets. - St. Petersburg: Folio-Press, 1998. -704 p.Where does the Motherland begin?
From windows burning in the distance,
From my father's old Budyonovka,
What we found somewhere in the closet ... ..Friends, this topic planned to create in 2013. But better late than...
I was lucky in April 2013 in the attic of the house (under the dacha) of a work colleague, to find a “heroic helmet”
Subsequently, in 2014, this find was transferred by me to the city local history museum and took its place in the exhibition.It is now February 23 that they celebrate the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. But in the Soviet era, it was the birthday of the Red Army - despite the fact that the Decree on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was issued on January 15 (28), 1918. But on February 23, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia published an appeal "The socialist fatherland is in danger" - because of the revolution, the front completely crumbled, and the troops of the 8th German army, without encountering any resistance, occupied one city after another. The hopes of the Bolsheviks for the "proletarian" Red Guard did not come true. According to the memoirs of Antonov-Ovseenko, as soon as the "Red Guards" learned that from now on they would no longer have to rob the capital's shops and wine cellars, but go to the front to fight the Germans, as many of them threw down their weapons and went home. And then Lenin came up with a powerful ideological move: to equip the new Red Army, he decided to use the uniform invented for the Victory Parade in the Great War, which was to be held in Berlin (and then in Constantinople). The new form was created by the artist Vasily Vasnetsov by order of the Court of His Imperial Majesty around 1915-1916. The uniform was sewn by the concern M.A. Vtorova in Siberian factories and was stored in army warehouses in Petrograd. However, there were not so many of them, and in May 1918, Trotsky, People's Commissar for Military Affairs, created a commission to develop a new uniform for the Red Army. The commission included Russian artists V.M. Vasnetsov, B.M. Kustodiev, M.D. Ezuchevsky, S. Arkadyevsky and others, who, on the basis of the previous "royal" sketches, developed all types of forms.
This commission also compiled the first description of the headdress, which was then called the “bogatyrka” - because of the similarity with the ancient helmets of Russian heroes:
“The headdress (“hero”) is made of khaki uniform cloth and looks like a helmet. It consists of a cap, tapering upwards, and a nape and a visor that are unfolded. The cap consists of six identical pieces of the shape of an isosceles spherical triangle, sewn together on the sides so that the vertices of the triangles converge at the top in the center of the cap ... "
Drawing from the materials of the commission."... In front of the headdress, symmetrically with respect to the visor and the front seam, a regular five-pointed star is sewn from instrumental cloth with a diameter of 8.8 cm, and the inner corners on a circle with a diameter of 4.3 cm. The star must have a piping 5-6 wide mm, applied with black paint, retreating 3 mm from the edge. In the center of the star, a "cockade badge" of the established sample is attached.
A winter "bogatyrka" was also invented - more pointed in shape. This helmet was called "Budyonovka" - according to the division of S.M. Budyonny, in which he first appeared.
"Bogatyrka", which allows the passage of cold air to the head in winter and tightly fitting the head in summer and concentrating the sun's rays in itself, causes headaches without creating at least the slightest comfort ... "
".. The summer headdress has even greater drawbacks. Its backplate (of strictly established sizes) with upright position head rests on the collar of the overcoat, and the headdress slides over the eyes. Everyone who wears a summer headdress involuntarily accustoms himself to a slightly forward position of the head with an outstretched neck. When made from lightweight material (paper fabric), the cone and dome quickly wrinkle and give the Red Army soldier a sloppy look. Ventilation is far from adequate ... "
Budyonovka was introduced into the uniform of the soldiers of the Red Army in order to distinguish them from the White Guards. The fact is that immediately after the overthrow of the monarchy, the revolutionaries had only the uniform of the tsarist troops. Insignia were torn from her, and a red star was attached to a cuff or other prominent place. It was difficult to distinguish a Red Guard from a White Guard from afar.
When did Budyonovka appear
In 1918, a competition was announced for the creation of a headdress for the soldiers of the Red Army, in which the sketch of the "bogatyr" won. The cloth hat-bogatyrka resembled a medieval "erikhonka" or a scarf with aventail.
Subsequently, this headdress was modified for winter uniforms and nicknamed "Budenovka" in honor of the division of Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny. On the right in the photo is Budyonny himself in Budyonovka. This is a very rare shot.
What does a real Budenovka look like?
The budenovka pattern is very simple. Initially, the hat was sewn in the form of a helmet made of cloth with a cotton lining. The cap consisted of 6 spherical triangles, a metal plate about 2 cm was sewn into the pommel. An oval-shaped visor and a backplate with long edges were sewn to the cap so that they could be fastened under the chin. An obligatory element of any budenovka was a cloth star. Its color depended on the type of troops. In the winter version, the star was 10.5 cm, in the lighter version - 8.8 cm. The star was the place for attaching the badge - cockade.
As you can see in the photo, the winter Budenovka was sewn from felt and had a quilted insulated inner layer. With minor changes, Budyonovka served the wars of the Red Army until the introduction of new uniforms with shoulder straps. Last photo soldier in Budyonovka dates back to 1943.
We make a full-size budenovka pattern
First you need to decide on the material for work. Details of a cloth hat will require wider allowances for finishing the edges, while felt practically does not unravel. To make a pattern and sew a budenovka, you need to measure the volume of the model's head. The height of the headdress has always remained unchanged, but for the master's peace of mind, you can measure from the eyebrow line to the top of the head and add 5 cm for the top.
The figure shows a pattern of Budyonovka size 56, in the final form the volume of the headdress will be 57.5 cm. When the size of the pattern is changed, its layout is saved. For the winter version, it is necessary to make a warm lining. Its pattern is the same as that of the wedges of the Budyonovka cap. The lapels of the back of the head do not have to be made so large. For example, in the famous film "White Sun of the Desert", Petrukha's Budenovka is light, designed to protect the head in a hot climate, so there is no need for large lapels.
It is not difficult to make a pattern of Budenovka with your own hands. It is necessary to fold the fabric four times and fasten it with sewing studs, attach a paper piece in the middle of the front and back, carefully trace around the contour and finish drawing allowances of 1.5-2 cm. Then fold the fabric in two layers and cut out the side wedges. Other details of the cap are cut similarly. The edges of all parts must be processed on an overlock or in another way. For example, you can use a threaded tape or an adhesive cobweb. Things treated in this way will last longer due to the additional rigidity and look neater.
We sew and detail Budyonovka
After cutting the budenovka and processing the edges of the parts, the hat can be sewn together. It's best to start with a cap. The front and back parts are sewn first, then the side wedges are sewn in. You can insert a plastic tip into the pommel, as was done in the original. In a real Budyonovka, the visor was rag, so it was convenient to wash the hat. For best view the final product, you can make an insert from a denser material. The visor and the back of the head are inserted between the cloth and lining parts of the budenovka, then the lower part of the cap should be stitched on a typewriter.
Detailing will make a beautiful Budenovka. Take a close look at the photo of the real headdress. Pay attention to how neatly stitched the visor and buttonholes. It is better to find metal buttons in bronze color. The star must be made of cloth of the same quality as the dress itself. On the first budenovkas, the star fit into a black circle.
What else can be done from a Budyonovka pattern?
Red Army caps, you can sew a real heroic helmet. It will only be necessary to cut parts made of artificial or genuine leather, brown or gray for metal. All that remains is to come up with details, such as button rivets or additional decorative stitching.
Let's make a reservation right away that the question of the origin of the headgear, later known as "Budyonovka" and the rest of the uniform corresponding to it, is ambiguous and there are several points of view on it. In the Soviet military and historical literature rooted official position, which says that Budyonovka (as well as an overcoat, tunic, etc., as discussed below) appeared in 1918 and was created specifically for the emerging Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA). However, in modern historical, and especially popular science literature, the version that this form appeared around 1915 is practically not questioned and it was developed for the Russian Victory Parade imperial army in Berlin and Constantinople. Let's try to understand this case.
Main argument Soviet historians- the absence of documents that accurately indicate the creation of a new form under the tsarist government. And indeed it is. Such papers have not yet been found either in the military or in the civilian archives. At the same time, historians had at their disposal a complete set of documentation from 1918, allowing them to draw seemingly quite reliable conclusions. First of all, this is the order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs No. 326 dated May 7, which spoke of the creation of a commission to develop a new form. It included famous Russian artists V. M. Vasnetsov, B. M. Kustodiev, M. D. Ezuchevsky, S. Arkadievsky and others.
Sketches were accepted until June 10 of the same year, therefore, less than a month was allotted for everything. The same order indicated in some detail how the people's commissariat sees the new uniform. This is important, especially when coupled with extremely tight deadlines. It is also documented that already at the end of 1918, the first combat unit received a new form. It was a Red Guard detachment formed in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, which went to Eastern front to the troops of Mikhail Frunze. And, by the way, they called the new headdress "Frunzevka" or "hero". The first cavalry army of Semyon Budyonny did not yet have a new uniform.
It would seem that everything is clear, but only at first glance. There is indirect, but quite documentary evidence.
So, in the study of O. A. Vtorov “The beginning of the continuation. Russian Entrepreneurship and Russian Social Democracy” we read:
“... In the quartermaster's warehouses there was already a new uniform, sewn by the N. A. Vtorov concern according to the sketches of Vasily Vasnetsov. The uniform was sewn by order of the Court of His Imperial Majesty and was intended for the troops of the Russian army, in which she was to pass at the Victory Parade in Berlin. These were long-brimmed overcoats with “talks”, cloth helmets stylized as old Russian helmets, later known as “Budenovkas”, as well as sets of leather jackets with trousers, leggings and caps, intended for mechanized troops, aviation, crews of armored cars, armored trains and scooters. This uniform was transferred during the organization of the Cheka to the employees of this structure - the armed detachment of the party.
So, the first evidence is found. We note right away that this is not the only confirmation of the “imperial” version, it was also found in an émigré memoirist, but in Soviet Russia this source was neglected.
The second argument is metaphysical, which does not detract from its weight. The fact is that the style of the new form did not fit into the ideology of the revolutionary republic at all. Old Russian motifs, clearly seen in helmets or “heroic” hats, loose tunic shirts and long overcoats with “talks” (cross-arrows-clasps), emphasized the national identity of the soldiers, which did not fit into the cosmopolitan concept of the world revolution. Under all the documents cited above is the signature of L. D. Trotsky, who could not miss such a blatant discrepancy. By the way, the stars on Budenovka were originally of blue color, but a red insert with a plow and a hammer was sewn on them. The sickle and hammer, as well as multi-colored (according to the types of troops) stars, appeared only in subsequent modifications of the form.
At the same time, the new form fits perfectly into the style of Vasily Vasnetsov's works. The singer of ancient Russian knights was, in fact, the creator of the heroic image, which is used in the concept of a new patriotic uniform. And there is enough evidence that the artist was engaged in the development of military uniforms. Note that the authorship of V. Vasnetsov is not rejected by Soviet military historians either, they only transfer the moment of the creation of the form to a later time.
There is also a purely economic aspect. Was it really possible in a country devastated by the war and disorganized by the revolution to sew a sufficient number of sets of new uniforms in just a few months? It looks like a utopia. As well as the fact that in a month it was possible to develop the concept of uniforms and almost immediately bring the idea to industrial production. You need to understand what the technical conditions and speed of information transfer were in 1918.
Most likely, the form really already existed, and the commission only approved it and finalized it. Apparently, this was more related to symbolism, and not to an ideological concept. Trotsky chose the lesser evil - he, in fact, had no other option. Or use what was in the warehouses, or even do without new uniforms, as the people's commissar himself originally proposed to do. And the story with the commission and the competition was invented in order to break the chain of historical continuity, because it is useless for the soldiers and commanders of the Red Army to flaunt in overcoats sewn for the triumph of the imperial troops. And the lack of documents is probably due to this. Mentions could be destroyed so as not to discredit the new revolutionary mythology, of which the legendary Budyonovka became a part. By the way, the name of Trotsky himself was also almost completely erased from the archives of the Red Army.
So, apparently, the uniform invented for the Victory Parade in the Great War really existed. It was created by order of the Court of His Imperial Majesty around 1915-1916.
The ideological concept was developed by the artist Vasily Vasnetsov, perhaps someone else helped him in technical matters. The uniform was sewn by the concern of M. A. Vtorov at Siberian factories and was stored in army warehouses. It seems that the number of sets of the new uniform was not large, which could indicate its ceremonial character. Indirectly, this is also evidenced by the fact that in practice the new form did not show itself brilliantly and after 20 years was completely out of use.
The last episode was Finnish war, after which Budyonovkas were finally replaced with fur hats with earflaps, and overcoats - with padded jackets and sheepskin coats.
The fate of the form turned out to be unenviable, although it could have been glorious. And, you see, it is very symbolic. The Vasnetsov uniform repeated the history of the whole country redrawn by the revolution: instead of an early victory and peace, we got a long-term Civil War with millions of new victims. And the triumphant "hero" of the Russian soldiers remained in the people's memory as the Red Banner "Budenovka".
