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Domestic politics Nicholas I. Lesson on the history of Russia Grade 8. Teacher: Lavrushko O.A.

a brief description of Nicholas I. Born in 1796, as he had two older brothers Alexander and Konstantin, he never prepared to take the throne. Nikolai Pavlovich was educated at home - teachers were assigned to him and his brother Mikhail. But Nikolai did not show much zeal for study. He didn't acknowledge humanities, but he was well versed in the art of war, was fond of fortification, and was familiar with engineering. According to V. A. Mukhanov, Nikolai Pavlovich, having completed his education, was himself horrified by his ignorance and after the wedding he tried to fill this gap, but the conditions of a scattered life, the predominance of military occupations and the bright joys of family life distracted him from constant office work.

Dynastic crisis of 1825. In 1820, Emperor Alexander I informed his brother Nikolai Pavlovich and his wife that the heir to the throne, their brother Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, intended to renounce his right, so Nikolai would become the heir as the next brother in seniority. In 1823, Konstantin formally renounced his rights to the throne, as he had no children, was divorced and married a second marriage to the Polish Countess Grudzinskaya. On August 16, 1823, Alexander I signed a secretly drawn up manifesto, which approved the abdication of Konstantin Pavlovich and approved Nikolai Pavlovich as the heir to the throne. December 12, 1825, unable to convince Constantine to take the throne and having received his final refusal (albeit without a formal act of abdication), Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich decided to take the throne in accordance with the will of Alexander I.

Investigation and trial of the Decembrists: 579 people were involved in the investigation and trial. The process took place in the strictest secrecy, the work of the commission of inquiry was headed by the emperor himself. On July 13, 1826, five participants in the uprising: Pestel, Muraviev-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Kakhovsky and Ryleev were executed in the Peter and Paul Fortress, more than a hundred people were exiled to hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia.

The fight against the revolutionary movement: In 1826, the III branch of the imperial office was created, under which was the corps of gendarmes, headed by A.Kh. Benkendorf. In 1826, a new censorship charter was adopted, called "cast iron" by contemporaries.

Strengthening measures government controlled: In 1826 M.M. Speransky was instructed to carry out the codification Russian legislation. He managed to do this within 5 years: in 1832 he published " complete collection laws of the Russian Empire" in 45 volumes, and in 1833 - the Code of Acting Laws. The government took a number of measures to support the nobility, which led to an increase in the authority and role of the nobility in Russia.

Peasant question: In 1837-1841, P.D. Kiselev carried out a reform of the state peasants, introducing peasant self-government. In 1842, a decree “On obligated peasants” was issued, according to which the landowner could release his peasants with the provision of allotments for hereditary use, but with the performance of certain duties. In 1847-1848, the peasants received the right to redeem themselves for freedom and acquire uninhabited lands and buildings. The landlords were forbidden to exile peasants to Siberia and sell them without land.

Financial Reform. Practical activity of E.F. Cancrina, extremely versatile. The streamlining of the Russian monetary system, the strengthening of protectionism and the improvement of state reporting and accounting are associated with his name. The monetary reform of 1839-1843 consisted in the fact that banknotes, first issued in Russia under Catherine II, were fixed in the silver unit that existed since 1810 (3 rubles 50 kopecks in banknotes = 1 silver ruble). From June 1, 1843, banknotes and other paper signs began to be exchanged for "state credit notes", which, in turn, were exchangeable for hard cash. The whole reform was carried out with great care and gradualness.

Policy in the field of education and culture: It was forbidden to accept serfs in the middle and higher educational establishments, however, it was under Nicholas I in 1828 that the main pedagogical institute. A number of higher technical and special schools were founded: in 1828 Institute of Technology in St. Petersburg, in 1832 the School of Civil Engineers, in 1835 the School of Law, in 1840 the Gory-Goretsk Agricultural School, in 1844 the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute in Moscow, in 1830 the veterinary school in Kharkov, in 1848 - in Dorpat. There were facts showing the personal participation of Nicholas I in the development of the arts: In September 1826, Nicholas accepted Pushkin, who had been released by him from Mikhailovsky exile, and saved the poet from general censorship (he decided to censor his writings himself), support from the Alexandrinsky Theater. Nicholas I had both literary taste and civic courage to defend The Inspector General and, after the first performance, say: “Everyone got it - and most of all to ME.” However, it was Nikolai who ordered Lermontov to be exiled to the Caucasus. By order of the tsar, the magazines European, Moscow Telegraph, Telescope were closed, P. Chaadaev was persecuted, and F. Schiller was banned from staging in Russia.

The main directions of the internal policy of Nicholas I. Strengthening the autocracy and the state apparatus; Peasant question; Fight against the revolutionary movement.

Contemporaries about Nicholas I: “Deeply sincere in his convictions, often heroic and great in his devotion to the cause in which he saw the mission entrusted to him by providence, it can be said that Nicholas I was a donquixote of autocracy, a terrible and malicious donquixote, because possessed an omnipotence that allowed him to subordinate everything to his fanatical and outdated theory and trample underfoot the most legitimate aspirations and rights of his age. That is why this man, who combined with the soul of a generous and chivalrous character of rare nobility and honesty, a warm and tender heart and an exalted and enlightened mind, although devoid of latitude, that is why this man could be a tyrant and despot for Russia during his 30-year reign who systematically stifled every manifestation of initiative and life in the country he ruled. - A.F. Tyutcheva. “He has a lot of ensign and a little Peter the Great,” Pushkin wrote about Nikolai in his diary on May 21, 1834; “His mind is not processed, his upbringing was careless,” Queen Victoria wrote about Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich in 1844.

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Presentation on the topic: Domestic policy of Nicholas I

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Brief description of Nicholas I. Born in 1796, as he had two older brothers Alexander and Constantine, he never prepared to take the throne. Nikolai Pavlovich was educated at home - teachers were assigned to him and his brother Mikhail. But Nikolai did not show much zeal for study. He did not recognize the humanities, but he was well versed in the art of war, was fond of fortification, and was familiar with engineering. According to V. A. Mukhanov, Nikolai Pavlovich, having completed his education, was himself horrified by his ignorance and after the wedding he tried to fill this gap, but the conditions of a scattered life, the predominance of military occupations and the bright joys of family life distracted him from constant office work.

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Dynastic crisis of 1825. In 1820, Emperor Alexander I informed his brother Nikolai Pavlovich and his wife that the heir to the throne, their brother Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, intended to renounce his right, so Nikolai would become the heir as the next brother in seniority. In 1823, Konstantin formally renounced his rights to the throne, as he had no children, was divorced and married a second marriage to the Polish Countess Grudzinskaya. On August 16, 1823, Alexander I signed a secretly drawn up manifesto, which approved the abdication of Konstantin Pavlovich and approved Nikolai Pavlovich as the heir to the throne. On December 12, 1825, unable to convince Konstantin to take the throne and having received his final refusal (albeit without a formal act of renunciation), Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich decided to accept the throne in accordance with the will of Alexander I.

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Investigation and trial of the Decembrists: 579 people were involved in the investigation and trial. The process took place in the strictest secrecy, the work of the commission of inquiry was headed by the emperor himself. On July 13, 1826, five participants in the uprising: Pestel, Muraviev-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Kakhovsky and Ryleev were executed in the Peter and Paul Fortress, more than a hundred people were exiled to hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia.

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The fight against the revolutionary movement: In 1826, the III branch of the imperial office was created, under which was the corps of gendarmes, headed by A.Kh. Benkendorf. In 1826, a new censorship charter was adopted, called "cast iron" by contemporaries.

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Measures to strengthen public administration: In 1826, M.M. Speransky was instructed to carry out the codification of Russian legislation. He managed to do this within 5 years: in 1832 the "Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire" was published in 45 volumes, and in 1833 - the Code of current laws. The government took a number of measures to support the nobility, which led to an increase in the authority and role of the nobility in Russia.

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Peasant question: In 1837-1841, P.D. Kiselev carried out a reform of the state peasants, introducing peasant self-government. In 1837-1841 P.D. Kiselev carried out a reform of the state peasants, introducing peasant self-government. In 1842, a decree “On obligated peasants” was issued, according to which the landowner could release his peasants with the provision of allotments for hereditary use, but with the performance of certain duties. In 1847-1848, the peasants received the right to redeem themselves for freedom and acquire uninhabited lands and buildings. The landlords were forbidden to exile peasants to Siberia and sell them without land.

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Financial Reform Practical activity of E.F. Cancrina, extremely versatile. The streamlining of the Russian monetary system, the strengthening of protectionism and the improvement of state reporting and accounting are associated with his name. The monetary reform of 1839-1843 consisted in the fact that banknotes, first issued in Russia under Catherine II, were fixed in the silver unit that existed since 1810 (3 rubles 50 kopecks in banknotes = 1 silver ruble). From June 1, 1843, banknotes and other paper signs began to be exchanged for "state credit notes", which, in turn, were exchangeable for hard cash. The whole reform was carried out with great care and gradualness.

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Policy in the field of education and culture: It was forbidden to accept serfs in secondary and higher educational institutions, however, it was under Nicholas I in 1828 that the main pedagogical institute was reopened in St. Petersburg. A number of higher technical and special schools were founded: in 1828 the Institute of Technology in St. Petersburg, in 1832 the School of Civil Engineers, in 1835 the School of Law, in 1840 the Gory-Goretsky Agricultural School, in 1844 the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute in Moscow, in 1830 a veterinary school in Kharkov, in 1848 - in Dorpat. There were facts showing the personal participation of Nicholas I in the development of the arts: In September 1826, Nicholas accepted Pushkin, who had been released by him from Mikhailovsky exile, and saved the poet from general censorship (he decided to censor his writings himself), support from the Alexandrinsky Theater. Nicholas I had both literary taste and civic courage to defend The Inspector General and, after the first performance, say: “Everyone got it - and most of all to ME.” However, it was Nikolai who ordered Lermontov to be exiled to the Caucasus. By order of the tsar, the magazines European, Moscow Telegraph, Telescope were closed, P. Chaadaev was persecuted, and F. Schiller was banned from staging in Russia.

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Contemporaries about Nicholas I: “Deeply sincere in his convictions, often heroic and great in his devotion to the cause in which he saw the mission entrusted to him by providence, it can be said that Nicholas I was a donquixote of autocracy, a terrible and malicious donquixote, because possessed an omnipotence that allowed him to subordinate everything to his fanatical and outdated theory and trample underfoot the most legitimate aspirations and rights of his age. That is why this man, who combined with the soul of a generous and chivalrous character of rare nobility and honesty, a warm and tender heart and an exalted and enlightened mind, although devoid of latitude, that is why this man could be a tyrant and despot for Russia during his 30-year reign who systematically stifled every manifestation of initiative and life in the country he ruled. - A.F. Tyutcheva. “He has a lot of ensign and a little Peter the Great,” Pushkin wrote about Nikolai in his diary on May 21, 1834; “His mind is not processed, his upbringing was careless,” Queen Victoria wrote about Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich in 1844.

Dynastic crisis of 1825. In 1820, Emperor Alexander I informed his brother Nikolai Pavlovich and his wife that the heir to the throne, their brother Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, intended to renounce his right, so Nikolai would become the heir as the next brother in seniority. In 1823, Konstantin formally renounced his rights to the throne, as he had no children, was divorced and married a second marriage to the Polish Countess Grudzinskaya. On August 16, 1823, Alexander I signed a secretly drawn up manifesto, which approved the abdication of Konstantin Pavlovich and approved Nikolai Pavlovich as the heir to the throne. On December 12, 1825, unable to convince Konstantin to take the throne and having received his final refusal (albeit without a formal act of renunciation), Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich decided to accept the throne in accordance with the will of Alexander I.

Investigation and trial of the Decembrists: 579 people were involved in the investigation and trial. The process took place in the strictest secrecy, the work of the commission of inquiry was headed by the emperor himself. On July 13, 1826, five participants in the uprising: Pestel, Muraviev-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Kakhovsky and Ryleev were executed in the Peter and Paul Fortress, more than a hundred people were exiled to hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia.

Measures to strengthen public administration: In 1826, M.M. Speransky was instructed to carry out the codification of Russian legislation. He managed to do this within 5 years: in 1832 the "Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire" was published in 45 volumes, and in 1833 - the Code of current laws. The government took a number of measures to support the nobility, which led to an increase in the authority and role of the nobility in Russia.

Peasant question: In 1837-1841, P.D. Kiselev carried out a reform of the state peasants, introducing peasant self-government. In 1842, a decree “On obligated peasants” was issued, according to which the landowner could release his peasants with the provision of allotments for hereditary use, but with the performance of certain duties. In 1847-1848, the peasants received the right to redeem themselves for freedom and acquire uninhabited lands and buildings. The landlords were forbidden to exile peasants to Siberia and sell them without land.

Financial Reform. Practical activity of E.F. Cancrina, extremely versatile. The streamlining of the Russian monetary system, the strengthening of protectionism and the improvement of state reporting and accounting are associated with his name. The monetary reform of 1839-1843 consisted in the fact that banknotes, first issued in Russia under Catherine II, were fixed in the silver unit that existed since 1810 (3 rubles 50 kopecks in banknotes = 1 silver ruble). From June 1, 1843, banknotes and other paper signs began to be exchanged for "state credit notes", which, in turn, were exchangeable for hard cash. The whole reform was carried out with great care and gradualness.

Policy in the field of education and culture: It was forbidden to accept serfs in secondary and higher educational institutions, however, it was under Nicholas I in 1828 that the main pedagogical institute was reopened in St. Petersburg. A number of higher technical and special schools were founded: in 1828 the Institute of Technology in St. Petersburg, in 1832 the School of Civil Engineers, in 1835 the School of Law, in 1840 the Gory-Goretsky Agricultural School, in 1844 the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute in Moscow, in 1830 a veterinary school in Kharkov, in 1848 - in Dorpat. There were facts showing the personal participation of Nicholas I in the development of the arts: In September 1826, Nicholas accepted Pushkin, who had been released by him from Mikhailovsky exile, and saved the poet from general censorship (he decided to censor his writings himself), support from the Alexandrinsky Theater. Nicholas I had both literary taste and civic courage to defend The Inspector General and, after the first performance, say: “Everyone got it - and most of all to ME.” However, it was Nikolai who ordered Lermontov to be exiled to the Caucasus. By order of the tsar, the magazines European, Moscow Telegraph, Telescope were closed, P. Chaadaev was persecuted, and F. Schiller was banned from staging in Russia.

Contemporaries about Nicholas I: “Deeply sincere in his convictions, often heroic and great in his devotion to the cause in which he saw the mission entrusted to him by providence, it can be said that Nicholas I was a donquixote of autocracy, a terrible and malicious donquixote, because possessed an omnipotence that allowed him to subordinate everything to his fanatical and outdated theory and trample underfoot the most legitimate aspirations and rights of his age. That is why this man, who combined with the soul of a generous and chivalrous character of rare nobility and honesty, a warm and tender heart and an exalted and enlightened mind, although devoid of latitude, that is why this man could be a tyrant and despot for Russia during his 30-year reign who systematically stifled every manifestation of initiative and life in the country he ruled. - A.F. Tyutcheva. “He has a lot of ensign and a little Peter the Great,” Pushkin wrote about Nikolai in his diary on May 21, 1834; “His mind is not processed, his upbringing was careless,” Queen Victoria wrote about Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich in 1844.

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GOU TsO No. 1828 "Saburovo", Esmanskaya Alla Georgievna, history teacher, lesson in the 8th grade.

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Lesson plan 1. The personality of Emperor Nicholas I. 2. Strengthening the role of the state apparatus. 3. Strengthening the support of autocratic power. 4. Attempts to solve the peasant question. 5. Russian Orthodox Church and the state.

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Personality of Emperor Nicholas I Catherine II Maria Fedorovna Pavel Petrovich “Today mother gave birth to a huge boy, who was named Nicholas. He is a yard short of two inches long, Alexander Konstantin Nikolai, and his hands are a little smaller than mine. If he will be a child equals to continue as started, kings! then the brothers will turn out to be Parents by dwarfs before this blood, G.R. colossus "By rank - a giant. Derzhavin

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Personality of Emperor Nicholas I The future Emperor Nicholas I was born in Tsarskoe Selo on June 25, 1796. He was the third son of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich and his wife Maria Feodorovna. The educator Lamzdorf brought up the younger sons of Pavel in strictness. Nicholas I “In a word, fear and the search for how to avoid punishment occupied my mind most of all. In teaching I saw only coercion and studied without a desire. I was often, and, I think, for no reason, accused of laziness and absent-mindedness, and often Count Lamzdorf punished me with a cane very painfully in the middle of the lessons.

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How did these methods methods used by Lamzdorf affect the personality of Emperor Nicholas I and the nature of the education of the future Nicholas? emperor? This story of Nicholas about his upbringing is not at all exaggerated. Lamzdorf brutally beat the future emperor. Often the teacher used a ruler and even a rifle ramrod. The Grand Duke was obstinate and quick-tempered. Found a scythe on a stone. And Count Lamsdorf would sometimes, in a fit of rage, grab the boy by the collar and hit him against the wall.

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The personality of Emperor Nicholas I In their notes, teachers do not skimp on reviews that are unflattering for young Nikolai Pavlovich. They claim that he was rude, cunning and cruel. He liked to make faces and grimace. It was in the spirit of his grandfather Peter III. Despite numerous educators, this young man behaved in society like a minor. "He constantly wants to shine with his sharp words," the gentlemen wrote about him, "and the first one laughs at the top of his lungs from them, often interrupting the conversation of others." Nikolai Pavlovich

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The Personality of Emperor Nicholas I The Family of Paul I Paul passionately loved his younger children, giving preference to Nicholas. Nikolay He often played with children, devoting a considerable part of his leisure time. The first toy bought for Nicholas was a wooden gun, followed by four wooden swords.

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Personality of Emperor Nicholas I Franz Krueger The Russian Guard in Peterhof At the age of three, the boy put on a military uniform for the first time. All the sons of Paul I inherited from their father a passion for military affairs: parades, parades, divorces. But Nikolai was especially distinguished, who retained his love for the outside of army life forever.

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The personality of Emperor Nicholas I Nikolai Pavlovich was tall, lean, his chest was wide, his arms were somewhat long, his face was oblong, clean, his forehead was open, his nose was Roman, his mouth was moderate, his eyes were quick, his voice was sonorous, but he spoke somewhat quickly. In general, he was very well built and dexterous. There was no arrogant importance or windy haste in the movements, but some kind of genuine severity was visible. Vasily GOLIKE Portrait of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich.

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Why What experience did Nikolai gain, Nikolay prepared, only on a daily basis for the military career of Emperor Nicholas I, while not dedicating to the palace in matters of the front? policy and management? Nikolai Pavlovich “All my acquaintance with the world was limited to daily waiting in the anterooms. From nothing to do, it became a habit that things were done in this meeting according to the guard, but for the most part the time passed in jokes and ridicule about one’s neighbor. There were also intrigues. time, all the youth, adjutants, and often even officers, waited in the corridors, wasting time or using it for entertainment in almost the same way and not sparing the chiefs or the government ... This time was a waste of time, but I am a precious practice for knowing people and faces, and I used the sim."

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The Personality of Emperor Nicholas I In November 1825, Emperor Alexander I died. What event overshadowed the accession of Nicholas I to the throne? Uprising on the Senate Square

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Personality of Emperor Nicholas I What impact did the Decembrist uprising have on Nicholas I? Through the whole reign passes the desire of Nicholas to prevent even a hint of the possibility of a repetition of a rebellion similar to the performance of the Decembrists. “... the time of Nicholas I is the era of extreme self-assertion of Russian autocratic power ... in the most extreme manifestations of his actual rule and principled ideology.” What was the main task of the reign of Nicholas I? Historian A.E. Presnyakov

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The personality of Emperor Nicholas I Freilin A.F. Tyutchev “He sincerely and sincerely believed that he was able to see everything with his own eyes, hear everything with his ears, regulate everything according to his own understanding, transform everything with his will. He never forgot what, when and to whom he ordered, and monitored the exact execution of his orders. Which organization was ideal for Nicholas I? The order to be established in the country: strict centralization;  full unity of command;  unconditional subordination of the lower to the higher.

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The personality of Emperor Nicholas I Freilin A.F. Tyutchev “... this man, who combined with a generous soul and a chivalrous character of rare nobility and honesty, a warm and tender heart and an exalted and enlightened mind, although devoid of breadth, which is why this man could be a tyrant for Russia during his 30-year reign and a despot who systematically stifled every manifestation of initiative and life in the country he ruled. Inconsistency in the policy of Nicholas I: Constant struggle against the revolutionary movement, the persecution of everything advanced and progressive in the country; An attempt to carry out activities that would eradicate the shortcomings of the existing system.

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The personality of Emperor Nicholas I F. Tyutchev You did not serve God and not Russia, You served only your vanity, And all your deeds, both good and evil, Everything was a lie in you, all ghosts are empty: You were not a king, but a hypocrite. Like him, tireless and firm, And with memory, like him, unspoiled... A.S. Pushkin

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The Personality of Emperor Nicholas I It is not so easy to answer this question, for Nikolai Pavlovich Romanov loved to attend masquerades not by chance: this predilection for disguises is characteristic of his biography and politics. Through the prism of these features, it is necessary to study the reign of Nicholas I.

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus Under Nicholas, a well-thought-out system of state control over the social, political, economic and cultural life of the country was created. With him great importance acquired His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery.

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery I Department Control over the execution of the orders of the king I I I Department The body of political investigation and control over mindsets I I Department Codification of laws

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus Remember what transformations in Russia are associated with the name of M.M. Speransky? Was there a code of laws in Russia? When was it accepted? Since the time of the Council Code, a huge number of laws have been issued, which often contradicted each other. Such confusion in Russian legislation made it difficult to resolve cases.

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus In January 1826, the tsar created the 2nd branch of his office, headed by M.M., returned from exile. Speransky. Its main task was to be the preparation of a single Code of Laws. Speransky completed the work in five years. In 1832 the first Complete Collection of Laws was published Russian Empire in 45 volumes, and in 1833 - Code of current laws of the state. MM. Speransky

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus V.P. Kochubey In December 1826, Nikolai created a secret committee chaired by a former member of the Secret Committee, Count V.P. Kochubey. Kochubey He was instructed to draw up a draft reform of public administration. However, he failed to solve this problem.

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus Many even small decisions were taken by the highest state bodies. This required a huge army of officials. By the end of the reign of Nicholas, their number amounted to 90 thousand people (at the beginning of the reign of Alexander I there were 15 thousand officials).

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What can you say about the control system Strengthening the autocratic power of Nicholas I? F.P. Vronchenko Nicholas I appointed F.P. Vronchenko, and when he led. Book. Mikhail Pavlovich expressed surprise on this score, the emperor said: “Come on, brother! I am my own finance minister, I just need a secretary to clean up the papers. Vronchenko perfectly corresponded to this goal. But to maintain the routine, a deputy was needed, and one more. And - it went ... "

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What do you think, what was forbidden to write about in Strengthening the role of the state apparatus during the reign of Nicholas I? The bodies of the III branch were created locally. At the disposal of the chief of the III department, an armed force was created - the corps of gendarmes. Chief General Benckendorff. To curb the press, Nicholas introduced strict censorship. OH. Benckendorff Censorship is a system of state supervision of the press, checking materials that are being prepared for publication.

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Strengthening the Role of the State Apparatus Determine the terms of reference for Section III. “... Looking through the inventory of the archives of the III Department, one is amazed at the abyss of completely insignificant and no state significance who did not have cases in which the gendarmes were engaged. In their desire to embrace the entire life of the population, they intervened decisively in every matter where they had the opportunity to intervene. Family life, trade deals, personal quarrels, invention projects, escapes of novices from monasteries - everything interested the secret police. At the same time, the III Division received a huge number of petitions, complaints, denunciations, and each was investigated, a special case was opened for each ... ”(Trotsky I. III Division under Nicholas I: The Life of Sherwood - Verny. L., 1990. p.53

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus S.S. Uvarov Censorship was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Education, which was headed by S.S. Uvarov. In 1826, the "Charter on Censorship", called "cast iron", was adopted. It was forbidden to accept serfs in secondary and higher educational institutions.

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Strengthening the role of the state apparatus Read an excerpt from A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" from the point of view of the "Charter on censorship". Which of the readings could be interpreted as a hint of disrespect for the existing regime? An excerpt from the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin": Now our roads are bad, Forgotten bridges are rotting, Bed bugs and fleas at the stations Don't let me fall asleep for a minute.

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Strengthening the support of autocratic power Nicholas I paid great attention to the task of strengthening the nobility. He was worried about the impoverishment of some of the nobles. To do this, the order of inheritance of large estates was changed. Now they could not be fragmented and were passed on to the eldest in the family. Since 1928, only children of nobles and officials were admitted to secondary and higher educational institutions. conclusion These measures significantly increased the authority and role of the nobility in the life of the country.

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Attempts to solve the peasant question Nicholas I “There is no doubt that serfdom, in its current position, we have evil, tangible and obvious to everyone, But we cannot hide from ourselves that now thoughts are no longer what they used to be, and it is clear to every prudent observation that the current situation cannot continue forever. How did Nicholas I feel about serfdom? What difficulties did the peasants experience? Nikolai was well aware that the main problem of Russian society remained the peasant question.

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Attempts to resolve the peasant issue Nicholas decided to start with reforms aimed at improving the situation of the state peasants. These reforms were carried out by General P.D. Kiselev is a member of the State Council and Minister of State Property. The main point is the introduction of peasant self-government. Schools and hospitals began to be established in the villages. P.D. Kiselev

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Attempts to solve the peasant problem Schools were opened in state villages; by 1854, 26 thousand schools were opened with 110 thousand students. Rate these numbers. How many or few schools were opened?

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Attempts to solve the peasant problem Where there was not enough land, sometimes a decision was made to resettle the peasants in other regions of the country. In order to protect the peasants from crop failures, it was decided to create a "public plow". Here the peasants worked together and enjoyed the fruits of common labor.

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Illustrations. 1. clubs.ya.ru/zh-z-l/replies.xml%3...o%3D1461 2. www.liveinternet.ru/users/igorin...2201786/ 3. www.liveinternet.ru/users/333035 ...43.shtml 4. www.hrono.ru/biograf/derzhvin.html 5. kalte-winter.livejournal.com/tag...5D1%258B 6. ricolor.org/history/mn/np/5/ 7. rostislava.livejournal.com/10036...3D154420 8. www.liveinternet.ru/users/201023...4167939/ 9. andrei-stoliar.ru/post119157511/ 10.vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/PAPERS /HISTOR...LKIN.HTM 11.www.all-pages.com/city_photo/2/2...0/5.html 12.funeral-spb.ru/necropols/nikolsk...snyakov/ 13.www .liveinternet.ru/users/vera_l...2648406/ 14.gazeta.aif.ru/online/dochki/321/42_01 15.www.nemiga.info/peterburg/peterb...ai-1.htm 16.www .liveinternet.ru/users/tat135...7368692/ 17.www.hrono.ru/biograf/speran.html 18. katushka.net/torrents/Car_Alekse...VU_45190 19. liveinternet.ru 20. ru.wikipedia. org/wiki/%25D0%2592...5D1%2587 21. www.tonnel.ru/%3Fl%3Dgzl%26uid%3D667

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22. www.liveinternet.ru/users/201023...6489838/ 23 http://www.bg-gallery.ru/searchresult.php?searchobject=%C4%E5%F2%E8 24. ruskline.ru 25. www.erm.ee/vanast/pysi/ruspages/...old.html 26. liveinternet.ru 27. www.nsad.ru/index.php%3Fissue%3D...le%3D331 28. www.liveinternet. ru/users/175811...9391320/ 29. varjag-2007.livejournal.com/713772.html 30. tetradalinqkriger.blogspot.com/2...4/2.html 31. hrono.ru/biograf/nikolai1. html Literature. 1.A.A. Danilov, L.G. Kosulin. History of Russia 19th century. 8th grade. 2.E.V. Kolganova, N.V. Sumakov. Pourochnye development on the history of Russia. 19th century. 8th grade. 3.G. Chulkov. Emperors