2. EIGHT YEARS LATER
3. FROM WAR
4. "BUNKS"
5. FIRST volleys against the enemy
6. AT CORRECTION POSTS
7. POLITICAL WORK WAS FLEXIBLE AND PURPOSE
9. COCA AND BARKERS FIGHTED...
10. HOSPITAL BATTERY
11. INTELLIGENCE AND HEROISM
12. BEFORE THE THIRD OFFENSIVE
13. MORTAR "CARL" AND THE GUN "DORA"
14. ON THE EVE OF THE LAST BATTLE
15. IN THE BLOCKADE
16. LAST BREAKTHROUGH
17. TO THE LAST BUTTON
18. CAPTURED
19. FRIENDS AND ENEMIES ON THE DEFENSE OF SEVASTOPOL
20. THEIR MEMORY WILL NEVER DIE
21. WAYS-ROADS
Edition: Musyakov P.I. The feat of the Thirtieth Battery. - M., Military Publishing House, 1961. 168 p.
Publisher's abstract: The book about the 30th Coastal Defense Battery of the Black Sea Fleet tells how the heroic garrison of this battery fought the enemy during the defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942.
By the nature of his official activity, the author, Major General Pavel Ilyich Mus-yakov, happened to be on the Thirtieth Battery during its construction, to be present at the first shooting. The non-fictional heroes of this book, Ivan Andrienko and Ivan Podorozhny, the author knew back in those days when they were Red Navy sailors. For about ten years, the author had to meet G. A. Alexander more than once. He also knew the young unit commanders, lieutenants Paul, Adamov, Telichko, Repkov, signalman Puzin, and many other officers, foremen, sergeants, and sailors.
During the battles for Sevastopol, P. I. Musyakov edited the Krasny Chernomorets newspaper, which was published in the besieged city.
After the publication of the first edition of the book on the Thirtieth Battery, the author received a number of interesting letters from the participants in the heroic events. They helped him complete the book, but even now we still do not know everything about the fate of the besieged garrison, especially about its last days. The military publishing house and the author hope that after the publication of the second edition, new responses will be received from the soldiers of the heroic garrison, which remained faithful to the Motherland to the end.
P. S. Although the circulation is large, and the second edition, but the book did not come across before - thanks kind people, helped. A number of myths and ideological cliches are present, but this is understandable: the book is a reflection of the era in which it was created, and how can a political worker not perpetuate another rally on the topic “Let's hit the enemy assault groups with a new slogan!” ???
1. THE BIRTH OF THE BATTERY
With whom, Sevastopol,
Compare you?
With the heroes of Greece?
Ancient Rome?
Your glory - which cannot be cut into granite - Cannot be compared with anything in history.
S. Alymov.
1. THE BIRTH OF THE BATTERY
The green hill unanimously threw four fiery swords obliquely into the sky, shrouded in red smoke, and the heavy sound of the volley echoed through the mountains and ravines. Dozens of people raised binoculars to their eyes, pointing them towards the sea, where, far, far away, almost on the very horizon, a destroyer was slowly walking, dragging an oblong linen shield. The shells flew for a long time. But here in the area of \u200b\u200bthe shield, four white pillars grew.
Undershoot!..
And what a bunch! It's like he put it in a hat...
While battery guests and members admission committee exchanged impressions, the towers hidden in the green hill burst out with a new volley. Two high bursts went up to the shield, two behind it.
Cover! From the second salvo. Well done Don! - said the commander of the fleet Kozhanov.
All well done! - Gugin, a member of the Military Council, corrected the commander of the fleet.
The third and fourth salvos are direct hits. The fifth demolished the shield stand, and the gray
the cloth, which from afar looked like a box of matches, suddenly became triangular. And the shells flew to the shield every half a minute, and the third group of observers, who were on the destroyer, each time noted the hits. The ninth volley demolished two more racks, and the canvas, pierced by shells, slowly slid to the base of the shield. The tenth volley was already fired in the direction where only the split logs of the base of the shield were crawling through the disheveled water.
The chief of coastal defense artillery, tearing his sweaty, smiling face from the eyepieces of the panorama, said:
Comrade commander, people deserve a reward, especially the commander.
Kozhanov slowly removed the binoculars from his eyes and, looking at the chief of artillery,
And you Thanks a lot, your students on the battery.
The division commander Pyotr Alekseevich Morgunov, who had not yet calmed down from the excitement he had experienced, approached Kozhanov and reported:
The shooting is over, the third group reports: nine direct hits, three of them in the base of the shield.
The Command Fleet, tall, slender and dark-faced, moved ahead of the group of staff and selection officers into the array of gun turrets and power packs. Chairman state commission on acceptance of the battery, A. A. Rull, with a soft accent of a native of the Baltic states, calmly and efficiently reported to Kozhanov the preliminary results of the acceptance of the battery. It is necessary to reward, first of all, the battery commander. It would be nice to have a personalized gold watch.
We don't have much money, August Andreevich, but we'll see. The guys deserve encouragement.
The commander and commissar of the battery appeared from under the concrete. They walked holding gas masks dangling at their sides. The commander of the battery, Emelyan Petrovich Donets, having filled his lungs with more air and suppressing a momentary excitement, blurted out:
Comrade Commander, the 30th Battery has finished firing. Ten volleys, no misses, misfires or breakdowns of mechanisms, forty shots were used up. Detailed data will be reported after receiving images from the third observation group.
Battery commissar M. I. Bakaev reported that the political and moral state of the personnel was high, there had been no violations of discipline over the past two months.
At ease! - Kozhanov said joyfully, abruptly stepped towards him and kissed the slightly bewildered Donets. - Command "Release", take people out from under the array, we will hold a rally.
Kozhanov loved rallies. In his youth, he commanded sailor detachments on the Volga and the Caspian coast. The sailors loved their commander for his courage and dashing in battle. Even enemy snipers called him "bewitched". Before a battle or after it, Kozhanov knew how to say a fiery word, firmly taking a sailor's heart. So today he spoke first. He started from afar, remembering the raid by the German battlecruiser Geben on the fleet base during the First World War.
The German battlecruiser "Geben", handed over to Turkey on the eve of the First World War, appeared near Sevastopol in the early autumn morning of 1914. The commander of the ship, knowing that the Russian fortress artillery was outdated, approached a distance favorable to him and opened fire from eleven-inch guns. Shells fell in the city and in the roadstead, among the ships. The range of fire of the "Goeben" exceeded the range of fire of most Russian fortress batteries. The armadillos, anchored, also practically could not shoot at the enemy ship: some - because of the obsolescence of their artillery, others - because they did not see the target hidden from them by the shore. So the enemy's high-speed cruiser went unpunished. True, his fire did not cause significant damage, but it made a lot of noise.
The tsarist government finally realized that Sevastopol needed new long-range large-caliber batteries, and released a certain amount of money for the construction of two twelve-inch turret batteries. One was planned to be created south of Sevastopol, the other - to the north.
The engineering service, after long squabbles with the artillery department, in 1915 began digging pits and laying access roads. But soon, due to lack of funds, construction was stopped. For the 30th battery, they only managed to dig tower pits and lay the foundations.
30th Coastal Battery - Legendary fortification and a masterpiece of fortification art, located in the Sevastopol microdistrict Lyubimovka. The fortification owes its second name "Maxim Gorky I" to the Germans.
The 30th coastal battery is known for the fact that during the years of the Great Patriotic War she played the role of a fire shield. From 1941 to 1942, the building did not allow the enemy to approach Sevastopol. During the defense of the city, more than a thousand shots were fired from the device. It should be noted that the artillery installations with which the "thirty" was equipped could send shells to a distance of 40 kilometers. Each weighed half a ton. The structure was so strong that it could survive even after being hit by an aerial bomb.
Similar fortifications on the territory Soviet Union there were a lot. However, only the 30th coastal battery in Sevastopol was the best preserved. After the end of the war, the structure was restored and equipped with 6 guns, a radar station and modern systems guidance.
Despite the fact that the military facility is operational, the last shots from it were fired in 1958 during the filming of the film Sea on Fire.
Excursion to the 30th battery
Unfortunately, you are unlikely to be able to get an organized tour to the construction. The thing is that the “thirty” is located on the territory of an active military unit. To see with your own eyes at a unique object, you need to obtain a special permit. With a corresponding request, you can try to contact the press service of the Black Sea Fleet.
In case of a positive answer, do not limit yourself to an external inspection of the complex. Visit the casemated battery room. In front of the entrance to the casemate, a memorial was erected in honor of the defenders of the structure. Inside, you have to walk along long corridors passing under two guns of the 30th battery. Nameplates hanging on the walls remind visitors of the sad events of those times. Have you ever seen an armored door? Here, every room is equipped with it.
In the long corridors, there are also the "internals" of the structure - control systems, a command bridge, a fire control post, projectiles, feeders, powder charges, an intercom, communications, gutters, and the like.
Museum of the 30th Battery
The Ministry of Defense has been talking about the formation of a full-fledged civil museum on the territory of the construction site for several years. According to preliminary plans, the institution is planned to be opened on the eve of the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Sevastopol. On this moment A park is being built next to the fortification.
The only museum that is now available for viewing (again, only with a special pass) contains a small exposition. It consists of things that were discovered on the territory of the “thirty” after the battles of the 40s. The exhibits are German plates of 1941, a memo to the platoon commander and gun commander, a German military book, surviving parts of pistols and machine guns.
The history of the creation of the 30th coastal battery
The year of construction of the building is considered 1913 . In those days, this area was called Alkadar. It is known that the engineer Buinitsky was involved in the development of the project. The recommendations of the well-known fortifier were also taken into account. Caesar Cui.
A year later, work on the construction of the battery was suspended. They reappeared only in 1928. The plans of the developers included the creation of a fully electrified structure. To perform operations for aiming and loading the gun, the battery was supplied 17 electric motors. Moreover, all of them were underground, in rooms specially designated for these purposes. Only 305 mm gun turrets protruded above the earth's surface.
IN 1934 building was tested. After artillery firing, the fortification was assigned the 30th number. The first to command the "thirty" was Captain Ermil Donets.
In subsequent years, the building was modernized and completed. By the beginning of the Second World War, there were two BBs (armored turret battery) on the territory of the city, one of which was called the 35th.
How to get there
The closed object is separated from the city center by the Sevastopol Bay, which can only be overcome by a swimming facility. This factor creates minor inconveniences that are easily solved thanks to the developed transport system cities.
Combined variant: at the railway station of Sevastopol, take a fixed-route taxi No. 109, No. 120 or trolleybus No. 12. Get off at the Nakhimov Square stop. Then walk for about six minutes to the Grafskaya pier. There you are waiting for a boat that will take you to the opposite shore. The traffic interval is 10-17 minutes. On Zakharov Square, you will need to take minibus number 36. It will take you to the Perovskoy State Farm stop. Then walk a little more, heading north, until an armored turret battery finally appears in front of you. From the bus station "Severnaya" to the "Sovkhoz" Perovskoy "can also be reached by minibus number 45.
By car: from the city airport to the "thirty" can be quickly, within 11 minutes, by car. Head southwest on T2707. The battery will be on the right.
By taxi: a taxi will help you significantly shorten the way. Passenger transportation in Sevastopol is carried out by SEVTAXI, Pickup, Maxim, Metro Taxi.
Video tour of the 30th battery in Lyubimovka
Sevastopol citadel
What is the secret of the durability of the 30th armored turret battery
Andrey Kots
In the autumn of 1941, this Sevastopol battery was the first to take on a powerful blow from General Manstein's 11th Army. And kept in a complete environment for almost ten months. She was fired upon with super-heavy artillery, stormed, gas was used against the Red Navy, and two-ton bombs were dropped. They bled, but continued to destroy the enemy. The easily recognizable profile of its gun turrets became one of the main symbols of the heroic defense of Sevastopol.
Armored turret battery No. 30, the construction of which began 105 years ago, is still guarding the city of Russian sailors. If needed, her weapons are ready to speak again. RIA Novosti correspondent visited the "thirty" and tried to unravel military secret her longevity and legendary resilience.
underground fortress
The central corridor of the combat block of the 30th battery, connecting underground the first and second gun turrets, stretched for 120 meters. To the left and to the right are one and a half ton armored doors on massive hinges, cutting off the main bunker curtain from other rooms. Overhead - a ten-meter "layer cake" of asphalt concrete, reinforced concrete, sand and compacted soil.
It seems like a second - and the vault will tremble from powerful explosions of German shells, silence underground city the piercing roar of the combat alarm will break, and the boots of gun crews will rumble again on the concrete floor.
Today, armored tower battery No. 30 on the outskirts of the village of Lyubimovka is an active military unit Black Sea Fleet of Russia.
Personnel - seven people: the head of the department for maintenance and regulations of special fortifications, captain-lieutenant Sergei Voronkov, his deputy foreman and five contract soldiers.
Daily - morning construction and divorce for work.
There are 72 premises in the block with a total area of more than three thousand square meters(half of the football field): boiler room, pump room, personnel quarters, power station, powder and shell cellars, basement tanks for water, oil and fuel. All operating mechanisms and units must be maintained in perfect working condition.
The battery is being mothballed, but "if there is war tomorrow" - the magnificent seven batterymen will return it to service in less than a week.
“After the division of the Black Sea Fleet between Russia and Ukraine, the territory of the battery was also divided,” explains Lieutenant Commander Sergei Voronkov.
“Russia got an underground block and two gun turrets. The remote observation post and the surrounding territories were ceded to Ukraine. The place here is very attractive. Beautiful view, clean air, ten minutes walk to the beach. On the Ukrainian part, cottages began to grow like mushrooms. If not for the well-known events of 2014, the entire skyscraper would have been built up. Now the situation has improved. Construction has stopped, we are given more funds to keep the battery afloat. With the permission of the command, we organize lectures for schoolchildren and students. Last year alone, more than seven thousand of them visited us,” he says.
Lessons from Tsushima
"Thirty" covered the Sevastopol Bay from the sea threat from the north. Her twin sister - armored tower battery No. 35 (today - a functioning museum) - from the south. The decision to build such coastal fortifications at naval bases was made shortly after the Tsushima defeat.
In terms of firing range, the guns of the Japanese ships were significantly superior to the guns of Port Arthur. The defenders of the city had nothing to respond to the hail of shells flying from the sea.
The conclusion of the Russian command was unequivocal: coastal artillery should more than cover the ship's in terms of power.
In the middle of the 19th century, the famous Russian fortifier General Caesar Cui noticed the Alkadar hill in the north of Sevastopol in the middle of the 19th century - in his opinion, it was ideally suited for a fortified artillery position. Entrusted to a military engineer, Lieutenant General Nestor Buinitsky, the project of the 30th armored turret battery was ready by 1912.
Construction began a year later, but the First World War and the revolution almost put an end to it. Work was resumed only in 1928, and the battery was handed over to the customer just before the start of the Great Patriotic War.
No small things
At the "thirty" and today everything is extremely functional. Any, even the smallest detail - is not accidental. The floor of the central corridor has a slight slope - this is done so that the water used during the fire flows into the drainage holes.
In the event of an assault, the massive armored doors of the main curtain swing open in a checkerboard pattern, forming a labyrinth of one and a half ton bulletproof barricades that is impenetrable for the enemy.
Vital cables are protected by a fusible lead braid, under which a special substance with a pungent odor is pumped - so that in the event of a short circuit you can literally smell the place of damage.
The transitions between the powder magazines are at an angle of 45 degrees, so that in case of fire the blast wave goes into the concrete wall. I just can't believe that all this could have been foreseen.
"What do you want? Give free rein to the military - they generally regulate everything, - the lieutenant commander grins, when we, bending over, crawl into the cramped closet of the reserve command post. Sergey Voronkov, a native of Sevastopol, is fluent in underground labyrinths and easily explains the purpose of each screw. Do you see this wooden board? If the connection was lost, the orders were transmitted through messengers. They wrote with a pencil on the boards. Paper can be wrinkled and wet, but nothing will happen to such a “notebook.”
"Thirty" was built fully electrified. All operations for aiming and loading guns were provided by electric motors. The projectile supply system was also automated as much as possible. However, all mechanisms are duplicated by manual drives - in case the enemy manages to de-energize the battery. A complex system of levers, belt conveyors, guide rails, and even gravity itself came to the aid of the Red Navy.
Voronkov presses his foot on a barely noticeable pedal - and from a shelf located at an inclination of two degrees, a mock-up of a 471-kilogram projectile rolls heavily into the conveyor tray.
Two movements of the lever - and the ammunition is hidden in the turret room.
In addition, the underground casemates for servicing both towers are identical in terms of their internal structure and are mirrored. So it was easier for the calculations to navigate in the dark or in smoke. And this is also one of the non-obvious secrets of the “thirty” stamina shown during the defense of Sevastopol.
Centennial guns
The main caliber of the battery is two towers taken from the battleship "Poltava" (after the revolution - "Frunze") after the Great Patriotic War. Each has three twelve-inch naval guns (304.8 millimeters). Barrel length - 52 caliber, maximum firing range - 45 kilometers.
These cannons are more than a hundred years old, but they are serviceable.
Captain-Lieutenant Voronkov demonstrates the operation of the bolt lock, the procedure for sending a projectile and a powder cap into the barrel. Offers me to point the gun vertically. The massive steering wheel is surprisingly easy to twist counterclockwise. The fifty-ton barrel, balanced by special weights, smoothly rises.
Similarly, on a de-energized battery, horizontal aiming is also carried out. The tower weighing 868 tons is mounted on a special horizontal bearing.
To deploy it, the efforts of eight people and a long lever are enough.
“Everything is in order and combat-ready,” explains Voronkov. - Give me a projectile, a powder charge and an igniter powder tube - I will aim at the barrel and shoot. Here you can make absolutely everything work, but this does not make much practical sense now. Generators, for example, are uneconomical by today's standards. Our battery keeps the memory of the battle for Sevastopol. Whether it should be modernized or not is a big question.”
Under fire
During the Great Patriotic War, other towers, two-gun, were installed on the "thirty". In the autumn of 1941, the Germans broke through at Perekop and marched to Sevastopol. Intelligence reported to Manstein that the city was almost unprotected from land and there was every chance of taking it on the move. But the Germans underestimated the capabilities of powerful coastal batteries, which turned around and hit the land.
“The battery entered the battle on November 1, 1941. At 12:39, two high-explosive shells hit the enemy column near Bakhchisaray, - Voronkov points to the northeast. - Hit successfully: managed to destroy 80 units of equipment and more than two infantry battalions at once. The fragments at the impact sites scattered in an ellipse 300 meters wide and a kilometer long. After such a "hello" the Germans were confused. Having come to their senses, they attacked the battery. But the tank guns were powerless against the 300 mm armor of the turret caps. But the guns of the battery with return fire smashed the armored vehicles literally to pieces.
Then the Germans covered the "thirty" from the air.
However, even two-ton bombs could not penetrate the array of the underground block. In addition, the Luftwaffe aircraft were actively opposed by Soviet fighters and air defense batteries. The first assault failed to take the fortification. The second attack also failed. The failures near Sevastopol Manstein explained to Hitler precisely by the impregnability of the 30th and 35th batteries. The Fuhrer ordered to send super-heavy artillery to the Crimea - an 800-mm Dora railway gun and two 600-mm Karl self-propelled mortars. The mortars opened fire on June 5, 1942, and inflicted colossal damage on the T-30 towers.
305-mm turret battery No. 30. Firing position and MB-3-12 FM turrets
I shot these photographic materials in 2005 and they were aged for almost nine years. Now, when the Internet is filled with photos from this, still operating, military facility of the RF Ministry of Defense, I think the time has come to publish them, collecting them into thematic reports that echo the story of the Voroshilov Battery. The benefits of this will be undoubted, because practice tells us that even a unique military heritage very quickly passes into the category of a disappearing heritage. I think that the visitors of the 30th battery recent years it will be interesting to compare it with how it looked before.
The construction of the 30th artillery battery began in 1913 and was originally number 26. In 1917, construction was stopped, the pouring of the concrete mass was only 70% completed. Construction resumed only in 1928, and the battery received its new number 30. The battery entered service in 1934, although various shortcomings were eliminated until 1940. The battery was armed with two two-gun artillery mounts MB-2-12 with 305 mm guns. Similar installations were on the Russian batteries of the Gulf of Finland and on the 35th battery at Cape Khersones.
During the defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942, the battery served as the backbone of its defense and fought to the last.
In 1947, a decision was made to restore the battery. In view of the impossibility of restoring the MB-2-12 installations, it was decided to use the first and fourth towers from the battleship Poltava. Due to the larger dimensions of the now three-gun turrets, the battery has undergone a significant alteration.
The battery entered service in 1954 as the 459th turret artillery battalion, later it changed its name several times.
In the summer of 1997, according to an agreement between Russian Federation and Ukraine about the division of the Black Sea Fleet, the personnel of the 632nd regiment and the 459th tower division, which was part of it, departed for the Caucasian coast. The territory of the former battery town and the technical position of the regiment were transferred to the Naval Forces of Ukraine. Now completely looted. For the maintenance of weapons and fortifications of the former 30th battery, which remained in the Black Sea Fleet, the 267th conservation platoon of the Coastal Troops of the Black Sea Fleet was formed in the same year.
In the summer of 2004, the 30th Battery celebrated its 70th anniversary as part of the Black Sea Fleet.
Unfortunately, the further fate of the battery remains uncertain, since its transfer to the jurisdiction of Ukraine may lead to the looting of the battery and the subsequent cutting of the unique turret 305-mm installations for scrap, as already happened in Sevastopol with the 180-mm turret and 130-mm open mounts transferred to Ukraine batteries.
Source: N.V. Gavrilkin (Moscow), D.Yu. Stogniy (Sevastopol). Battery #30. 70 years in service. Citadel Nos. 12 and 13. In the future, I will use it in one form or another. Cit. by: http://www.bellabs.ru/30-35/30.html 
The battery is located on a hill, elongated in the form of a tongue, on the southern bank of the Belbek river valley. The position is open. Two turret installations are located in one gun block. The command post is located at a height to the east, on the site of an unfinished fort of the early twentieth century. The command post and the gun unit are connected by a postern pierced at a depth of up to 38 meters with a length of 650 meters. A transformer substation is located a little to the west of the gun block in the former shelter for roll-out guns.
You can get to the 30th battery from Sevastopol by any minibus going to Lyubimovka. Coming out at the lapel at the state farm. Sofia Perovskaya, we begin to climb through the residential area on the way up the mountain, passing by the house-museum of the revolutionary. If you take it a little to the left, then, passing by the dining room, on the other side of the wasteland, you can see one of the bunkers of the anti-sabotage defense of the 30th battery with a water tank installed on it. It looks ugly, of course, but it's better than tearing it down.
The ground defense of the 30th battery in 1941 consisted of six reinforced concrete five-hole two-story machine-gun pillboxes. In the upper casemate, a 7.62-mm machine gun "Maxim" was installed on a turntable, in the lower casemate there was an anti-chemical shelter and an ammunition depot. In addition, rifle trenches and barbed wire were built around the positions of the battery. In the KP area, concrete parapets with niches and shelters of an unbuilt fort were used as trenches. 
From the bunker with a tank, we will go out onto the road to the 30th battery. On the approach to the territory of the military unit there is a monument on the mass grave of the defenders of the 30th battery....
A few more photos 
Coastal Battery (BB) No. 30 or Fort "Maxim Gorky-1"- the biggest fortification Sevastopol. She played an important role in the Defense of Sevastopol in 1941-1942, which lasted 256 days. The legendary battery is located in the Crimea on the outskirts of Sevastopol, in the village of Lyubimovka. Now the Museum of Coastal Troops of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia is open here.
It was, without exaggeration, a brilliant project. Dominance over the surrounding area provided two two-gun 305-millimeter installations, turning 360 degrees, circular fire.
Experts called the 30th battery a masterpiece of Soviet fortification art. The batterymen themselves called it an artillery fire factory and an underground battleship.
Description
The guns of the battery had a "royal" caliber - twelve inches 305 mm, the ability to fire on enemy ships and its ground units, projectile weight - 471 kg, firing range - up to 42 km. In other words, the battery reached Nikolaevka or Pochtovoe, and Bakhchisarai could be covered with any projectile. "Thirty" kept under control an area of over 5 thousand square kilometers.
According to its structure, the battery consisted of a gun block (reinforced concrete array 130 long and 50 wide m), in which 2 gun turrets were installed. Each of the towers weighed 1360 tons and is able to withstand a direct hit from an average air bomb. Inside the block, on two floors, there were ammunition cellars, a power station, residential and service premises with a total area of over 3,000 m² And command post with armored combat and rangefinder cabins and located at a depth of 37 m underground central post with fire control devices. The gun block, command post and camp for personnel were interconnected by a 580-meter line. A special town was built for the residence of the battery personnel in peacetime.
At the same time, an associated surveillance system was created to correct firing at sea targets. Such posts, equipped at Cape Lukull, at the mouths of the Alma and Kacha rivers, at the Kherson lighthouse, at Cape Fiolent and on Mount Kaya-Bash (west of Balaklava), had rangefinders and sights installed in reinforced concrete courtyards, shelters for personnel and living quarters .
The Great Patriotic War
First combat shots "Fort "Maxim Gorky-1""(the German name for the battery, under the second number was battery No. 35) during the defense of Sevastopol, they were carried out on November 1, 1941 by the grouping of German troops in the area of \u200b\u200bAlma station (now Postal). During the two months of hostilities, the BB-30 fired 1238 shots, and this led to the complete wear of the gun barrels.
In January February 1942, within 16 days, in front of the advancing fascists, the specialists of the Black Sea Fleet artillery repair plant replaced the gun barrels. Given that the weight of each barrel was 50 tons, such an operation without special crane equipment was unique in the world practice.
The Germans in the spring of 1942, preparing for the decisive assault on Sevastopol, concentrated a powerful group of heavy artillery to fight the BB-30, including the 600-mm Thor and Odin mortars specially delivered from Germany and the 800-mm Dora railway gun . On June 7, 1942, after a direct hit by several heavy shells, the 1st battery turret was disabled. The remaining 2nd tower over the next 10 days fired about 600 shots. Only after it was out of action on the morning of June 17 did the Germans capture the battery.
Story
The construction of a coastal defense battery began in 1913 on the Alkadar hill (near the present village of Lyubimovka). The battery project was developed by military engineer General N. A. Buinitsky, taking into account the recommendations of the famous Russian fortifier (also a famous composer) General Caesar Antonovich Cui, who proposed the most advantageous position for the battery.
Almost 100 years ago, the battery was already planned to be fully electrified. All operations for loading and pointing the gun were performed by 17 electric motors. Only gun turrets with 200 mm armor were to be on the surface.
Work was carried out until 1914. To this day, intercoms from the beginning of the last century have been preserved on the battery. Battery construction resumed in 1928. 305-mm guns of the 1913 model of the year (battleship caliber) were installed in the battery towers.
In 1934, after trial artillery firing at sea targets, the battery became part of the coastal defense units of the Black Sea Fleet with the assignment No. 30. Capital Yermil Donets was the first commander of the thirtieth battery.
In 1937, Captain Georgy Alexandrovich Alexander took command of the 30th battery.
By the beginning of World War II, there were two batteries of this caliber in Sevastopol. In addition to the “thirty” located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Lyubimovka, the base of the fleet was covered by battery No. 35 at Cape Khersones. Both of them were part of the 1st Separate Coastal Defense Artillery Battalion of the Main Base of the Black Sea Fleet. Both batteries were originally built as coastal batteries, that is, they were intended to fight enemy ships: the 30th battery covered the area north of Cape Lukull, the 35th battery was supposed to fire at the sector from Cape Khersones to Cape Fiolent. But when in October 1941 German troops broke into the Crimea, coastal batteries, designed to protect Sevastopol from the sea, became the main caliber of the city's defense from land.
It should be noted that the 35-battery was located too far from the German offensive area and only reached the Mekenzievy Gory station, and therefore it was the “thirty” that was destined to play a prominent role in the defense of Sevastopol.
After the war, by 1954, the BB-30 was restored, instead of the old two-gun turret installations, the three-gun MB-3-12-FM, taken from the battleship, were installed Baltic Fleet"Frunze". At the same time, power equipment was also replaced, a new, most advanced for that time, Bereg fire control system with a radar station and heat direction finders was installed.
The last time the battery fired was in 1958 during the filming of The Sea on Fire. As a result, windows were blown out in many houses in nearby villages, and roofs were even blown off some houses.
In 1997, by decision of the command Black Sea Fleet BB-30 was mothballed. At present, a museum of the Black Sea Fleet coastal troops has been opened on the former BB-30.
How to get there?
The 30th battery is in Lyubimovka. It is easy to find it by car - it is clearly visible from the highway leading from Sevastopol to Lyubimovka. Hikers need to take a ferry and cross to the North Side from Artillery Bay, then 5–7 minutes by taxi.
