Slide 1GP, relief, geological structure and minerals of the Urals
Slide 2The main factors of the GP of the Urals Frontier 1. Between two parts of the world 2. Between different areas earth's crust. 3. Between various forms of relief 4. Between the basins of the largest rivers. 5. Between climatic zones and regions. 6. Between several natural areas. Geographical position Deep position 2. Position on the border of Europe and Asia Ural Range
Slide 3 Determine (using physical card), How geographical position The Ural influences its nature. GP factors position inside the mainland elongation from north to south accessibility to winds from the Arctic Ocean
Slide 41800m 1200m 1600m Western slope Eastern slope Main ridge Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks Igneous and volcanic rocks Metamorphic rocks East European Plain Pz Pt Pz West Siberian Plain
Slide 5Scheme Ural mountains 1. Pai-Khoi 2. Polar Urals 3. Subpolar Urals 4. Northern Urals 5. Middle Urals 6. Southern Urals 2 1 3 4 6 5
Slide 6Polar Ural
Slide 7 Subpolar Urals
Slide 8 Subpolar Ural Mountain Saber
Slide 9 Northern Urals
Slide 10Middle Urals
Slide 11Middle Ural river Chusovaya
Slide 12 The Chusovaya River, the left tributary of the Kama, originates in the Middle Urals and crosses it from the southeast to the northwest. The length of the river is about 600 km. The severe beauty of this river is given by rocks up to 100 m high. The banks of the Chusovaya with numerous cliffs and caves are a kind of chronicle of the Urals. Traces of sacrifices of ancient hunters have been preserved in the caves. According to legend, the squad of the legendary conqueror of the Kuchumov kingdom wintered in the cave of Yermak's Stone.
Slide 14 South Ural
Slide 15 Mountain of small blockheads Palkin stone tents. Devil's settlement How could such landforms have been formed?
Slide 16 Minerals of the Urals Western Slope Main Range Eastern Slope Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous and Volcanic Salts Coal Limestone Sandstone Gneiss Quartzite Mica Rock Crystal Dragots. stones Crystal schist Iron ore Platinum Gold Silver Copper Bauxite Minerals
Slide 17Natural uniques of the Urals
Slide 18 Ilmensky mineralogical reserve
Slide 19 "Mineralogical Paradise" Ilmensky State Reserve is located in the Southern Urals in the Ilmensky Mountains. The reserve was created in 1920 thanks to the efforts of Academician A.E. Fersman. Minerals and rocks are protected here: precious and ornamental stones. There are more than 200 minerals in the reserve. There are rare ones that have not yet been found in any mountains in the world.
Slide 20 "Land of gems" amethyst amazonite rock crystal corundum
Slide 21 mica topaz malachite topaz
Slide 22Rhinestone Chalcedony Rhodonite Aventurine Emerald Crystals Gemstones & Gemstones
Slide 23 Turquoise Alexandrite Sapphire Ruby Diamond Gemstones and Gems
Slide 24 Ornamental stones of the Urals stand out with the extraordinary beauty of colors: jaspers, marbles, colorful serpentines. But especially appreciated: green patterned malachite and pink eagle.
Slide 25Modern products with sapphires
Slide 27 "Underworld"
Slide 28Kungur Ice Cave One of the largest caves in Russia. Located near Kungur on the right bank of the Sylva river. The ice mountain is composed of soluble water rocks: limestone, gypsum, dolomite, anhydride. The Kungur cave is the result of the dissolution of rocks (karst) by water. The cave consists of grottoes located on four tiers. The length of 58 grottoes and passages is about 5 km
Slide 29 Environmental problems of the Urals
Slide 30Ural has long been mastered. This is a large industrial region of Russia. There are especially many cities in the Middle and South Urals. Often the distance between cities is 5-10 km. In the cities of the Urals there are "dirty" industries: metallurgical and chemical enterprises. In cities, there is high smoky air (smog, acid rain), heavy metals accumulate in the soil, rivers and lakes are polluted with industrial effluents. Deforestation, mining (quarries, dumps) have worsened the quality of the landscapes of the Urals. Valuable coniferous trees are being destroyed. In the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions, radioactive contamination is the result of nuclear weapons tests.
Slide 31 Leaders in the list of the most unfavorable cities for life in Russia Yekaterinburg N. Tagil Chelyabinsk
Slide 32 The most polluted rivers of the Urals Iset Kosva Miass Pyshma
Slide 33 Ufa Chusovaya Improvement measures environmental situation in the Urals: use of non-waste technologies; construction of treatment facilities; reforestation; creation of reserves and reserves.
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Mineral resources of the Urals Plaksina L. G. geography teacher, secondary school No. 4, Karabash
The ridges of Taganay and Yurma are composed mainly of quartzites. The Urals is a vast mountainous country stretching for almost two thousand kilometers. The Ural Mountains are the only ones on Earth that divide the whole continent into two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Scientists say that today we see the remains of the once highest mountains on the planet. The sun, wind, water and ice have destroyed these majestic mountains for millions of years. Everything that was once hidden at great depths is now practically on the surface. The minerals of the Urals are distinguished by their richness and diversity of species. Huge deposits of most metals, valuable deposits of precious stones and inexhaustible reserves of mineral raw materials have been found here.
The natural resources of the Urals are very diverse and have a huge impact on its specialization and level of development. The Ural economic region has both mineral and raw materials, and fuel, and non-metallic minerals. For stocks of some species mineral resources(copper ores, asbestos, potassium salts) The Urals occupies a leading position in the world. Fersman called the Ilmensky mountains a mineralogical paradise. In 1920 they were declared a mineralogical reserve. Cuprite, Mednorudyanskoye deposit, Nizhny Tagil, Ural Beryl. Murzinka, Middle Urals
Deposits of iron ores and non-ferrous metal ores are concentrated mainly within the Ural Mountains. In the Urals, more than 2 thousand deposits of manifestations of iron ore are known, of which 75 are balance deposits, 29 are being exploited. In terms of iron ore mining, the Urals is second only to the Central Chernozem Economic Region. Nevertheless, the region's needs for iron ores are met by its own production only by 3/5. Currently, the development of low-grade ores of the Kachkanar and Bakal groups of deposits is underway, in which 3/4 of the reserves of the Ural iron ores are concentrated. Only due to the fact that ores are multicomponent and also contain vanadium and titanium, their extraction is profitable. Pyrite, malachite - satellites of copper Ilmenite - a mineral of iron and titanium. First found in the Ilmensky mountains
Refractory, construction, abrasive, molding and various other non-metallic minerals, many of which are absolutely necessary for the metallurgical and machine-building industries, are found in huge quantities in the bowels of the Chelyabinsk region. Clays and kaolins, limestones and dolomites, magnesite, marble, gypsum, roofing slates, tripoli and diatomites, talc and talc stone, quartz, graphite, corundum, garnet, barite, asbestos, kyanite, jasper, nephrite and a wide variety of building, facing and ornamental stones here form the incalculable natural wealth of the region and put it forward in this respect to one of the very first places in the world. Various granite - facing igneous rock
The Urals are distinguished by large reserves of various non-ferrous metal resources. These are copper ores (Krasnouralskaya, Karabashskaya, Kirovogradskaya, Gayskoye, and other deposits), and zinc (mainly copper-zinc), and nickel (Upper Ufaley, Orsk, Rezh). There are significant resources of aluminum raw materials (bauxites) concentrated in the North Urals bauxite-bearing basin (Krasnaya Shapochka, Severnaya, Sosvinskoye, etc. deposits). True, many bauxite deposits have already been depleted. An important role is played by the extraction of gold, precious and ornamental stones. Smelting of copper ore at the Karabashmed plant
Fuel resources of the Urals are represented by all major types: oil, natural gas, coal, oil shale, peat. Oil fields are concentrated mainly in Bashkortostan, Perm and Orenburg regions and in Udmurtia, natural gas - in the Orenburg gas condensate field, which is the largest in the European part of the country.
The Urals has large resources of potash and table salts. One of the largest salt-bearing basins is located here - Verkhnekamensky, its balance reserves in all categories amount to over 173 billion tons. The Iletsk salt deposit in the Orenburg region should also be noted. But there are especially many varieties of silica in the Urals Halit (table salt), crystals on gypsum.
Did you know that ... silica compounds are the most common on Earth (jasper, quartz, agate, chalcedony, onyx, opal, quartzite and much more ...)
Did you know that ... chalcedony is called differently colored varieties of cryptocrystalline quartz. Agates are differently colored zonal formations of chalcedony. Since ancient times, cameos and gems have been carved from multi-layered onyx (agate with alternating light and dark stripes).
The main industrial stocks of asbestos in the country are concentrated in the Urals: Bazhenovskoye (Sverdlovsk region) and Kiembaevskoe (Orenburg region) deposits. There are deposits of clays, sands, limestone, marbles, slates, etc. Prokhorovo - Balandinsky marble deposit
Did you know that... It is in the Urals that there are deposits of precious stones. For example - the mineral emerald, a bright green variety of beryl?
The yellowish green stone is chrysoberyl (true beryl). This stone helps scientific research and in philosophy. Beryl makes a person cheerful, cheerful and friendly. Brings success to the opposite sex. In ancient times, beryl was considered a purely feminine stone: it was used in the treatment of female diseases. Ancient sorcerers with the help of chrysoberyl learned to understand the language of animals and birds, to read the future. Do you know that…
Emerald - dense green or the color of spring grass. The following beryls are distinguished: augustite - dark blue, aquamarine - aquamarine, just beryl - colorless or very slightly colored samples; heliodor - yellow; geshenite - apple green. There are several varieties of beryl:
1. Chalcedony is: a variety of amethysts; igneous rock; cryptocrystalline p variety of silica 2. The structure of agate is characterized by: solidity; various spots; banding. 3. The mountains of Taganay are stacked stacked: Marbles; quartzites; granites. 5 . Aquamarine has a color: the color of the sea wave; carrot colors; seaweed colors. . 5. Emerald is: Noble turquoise; a bright green variety of beryl; blue sapphire 6. Fersman called mineralogical paradise: The Hermitage Museum The Ilmen Mountains Lake Turgoyak 1 2 3 Choose the correct answer (if the color is red when pressed, the answer is wrong) 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
http://riaural.ru/prirodnye-resursy-urala.html Website natural resources of the Urals http://vasi.net/uploads/podbor/karabash/thumbs/ceh00000.jpg Copper smelting at the Karabash Med plant http:// geo.web.ru/druza/m-Be_el.htm Site about minerals (beryl) http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Be_7_6778_Fers.JPG Yellow beryl from the Middle Urals http://geo.web.ru /druza/m-Be_7_2172.JPG Beryl from Murzinka http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Tucs07_786.JPG Emeralds http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-izum_28_Mu-08_279_Moi.jpg Many emeralds http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Tucs07_1100117.JPG Multicolored varieties of beryls http://vestnik.rosneft.ru/img/cont/v66_19_1.jpg Oil in the palms http://geo.web.ru/ druza/m-cuprit_NTg.JPG Cuprite http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-halit_gyps.JPG Halite http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-chalc_Kant_2_1.JPG Tea-colored chalcedony http:// gorod.tomsk.ru/uploads/41829/1257924600/1_1.jpg Onyx cameo http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-agat_6U-2a.JPG Blue agate http://geo.web.ru/druza /m-ilmen_7_1753_Zr.JPG Ilmenite Slides 1,2, 5,8,11, partly 4 – photo by the author
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Minerals of the Chelyabinsk region
The bowels of the Chelyabinsk region (especially its mountainous part) are rich in various minerals. The Ural Mountains are very ancient and heavily destroyed. In essence, these are only the preserved foundations of the former mountains. Everything that was once hidden at great depths is now almost on the surface. A significant share of the minerals of the Urals is concentrated within the Chelyabinsk region.
More than 20 deposits contain iron ore. First of all, this is the Magnitogorsk field, on the basis of which the country's largest Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works began its work. This deposit has been known since 1747. The total ore reserves amounted to approximately 200 million tons, the iron content in the ores was 50-54%.
Ore of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Copper Aluminum
As a result of intensive exploitation, many ore deposits in the Southern Urals are depleted. So, at present, the ores of Magnitnaya Mountain are almost completely worked out.
Chemical raw materials Of the minerals related to chemical raw materials in the region there are talc, phosphorites, sulfur pyrites, salts. The largest talc deposits are located in the Miass region.
Talc Phosphorites
Gold The Chelyabinsk Region is an old gold mining region in the Urals. Gold deposits are associated with both bedrock (ore gold) and river deposits (placer gold).
Alluvial gold mining in the region is carried out in the Miass gold-bearing region. Quite large nuggets of gold were found here. So, in 1842, a nugget weighing about 36 kg was discovered, which is the largest found in the country. In 1936, two nuggets weighing 14.4 and 9.5 kg were found.
Among natural resources Urals, a prominent role belongs, of course, to the riches of its bowels. Among the minerals, deposits of ore raw materials are of the greatest importance, however, many of them have been discovered for a long time and have been exploited for a long time, therefore they are largely depleted.
The most "mineral" place in this area is Ilmeny, where more than 260 minerals and 70 rocks have been found. About 20 minerals were discovered here for the first time in the world. There are such precious stones as: sapphire, ruby, diamond, etc., semi-precious stones: amethyst, opal, topaz, granite, malachite, sun, moon and Arabic stone, rock crystal, etc.
Emerald (or green stone) is one of the most famous gemstones, it has been known since ancient times and was used as an ornament. Emeralds were found on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains near the Tokovaya River. The deposit was accidentally found by a peasant in 1830, noticing several green stones among the roots of a fallen tree.
Description of the presentation WEALTH OF THE STONE BELT MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URALS slides
MINERALS OF THE URALS Minerals of the Urals are really the treasures of our entire country, because of the hundred and five elements of the famous periodic table, about fifty are mined in the Urals. In Soviet times, most of all scientific and intelligence associations were located in this part of our country. This is due to the fact that it is concentrated here maximum amount useful elements that are necessary for life modern society and the country as a whole. Of all the minerals mined here, the most important place is occupied by:
METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URALS (ORES OF NON-FERROUS METALS) The Middle Urals is rich in ores of non-ferrous, precious and rare metals. Deposits of copper pyrite ore are located in Krasnouralsk, Kirovograd, Degtyarsk. Copper ores formed during the introduction of granites are mined in Nizhny Tagil (Mednorudnyanskoye deposit), near Polevskoye (Gumeshevskoye deposit). Complex copper ores are mined in Verkhnyaya Pyshma. There are many deposits of rare metals in the Middle Urals: gold (Berezovskoye deposit, the valleys of the Tura, Salda, Tagil rivers), platinum (the valleys of the Lobva, Kosya, Tagil rivers). In the Urals, platinum nuggets weighing more than 10 kg were found. IN Soviet time aluminum ores, bauxites, were discovered in the Urals.
In our country, large platinum nuggets are found in the Urals. It was here that the largest platinum nuggets in the world were found. Unfortunately, the largest one (weighing about 9.5 kg) has not been preserved (it was melted down), and the second largest - "Unique" (weighing 8.395 kg) is currently stored in the Kremlin Diamond Fund. 1 gram of platinum \u003d 1881, 14 rubles. Platinum
GOLD In Russia, the most famous gold nuggets were found in the Urals. The largest gold nugget found in Russia is " big triangle"- found near the city of Miass in 1842. This famous nugget weighed about 36 kilograms. Gold (Au) = 2,301.46 rubles / g Dollar ($) - 60, 16 rubles. 47.6% of the total gold reserves in the Ural Federal District are concentrated in the Sverdlovsk Region, including 63.5% in primary deposits, 23.4% in complex deposits, 75.8% in placers. The total gold production in the Sverdlovsk region is about 11 tons of gold annually (including 8.3 tons from own deposits and placers).
SILVER Silver ore as such is almost non-existent in the Urals. So, how is silver mined in those deposits? The bulk of this noble metal is produced from pyrite ore. It also contains: indium, zinc, gallium, cadmium, scandium, germanium, as well as noble metals: gold and silver. It is possible to determine the content of elements in pyrite ore only after processing. And deposits of silver ore are as easy to identify as cleaning silver with ammonia: a swab dipped in this substance will make the noble element shine. Uzelginskoye (Chelyabinsk region) Copper pyrite - 46.1 tons per year 1 gram = 32.7 rubles
URAL EMERALD Each emerald deposit is unique, which is primarily due to different geological processes of formation. The Mariinsky deposit is the only one in Russia; Ural emeralds are considered among the best in the world.
ALEXANDRITE Perhaps the rarest gem. Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, the stone has the unique ability to change its color depending on the wavelength (lighting), the color can be bluish-green or crimson-red. Ural alexandrites are still considered the best in the world due to the unsurpassed property of pleochroism (color change), none of the precious stones can boast of such a wonderful property. The first alexandrite in the Urals was found in 1834, this mineral was named in honor of Emperor Alexander 2. Chrysoberyl, which does not have pleochroism (color change effect), cannot be classified as alexandrite. Ural alexandrites are rare. The price of alexandrites on the world market can reach fabulous figures up to 100 thousand dollars and more per 1 carat.
AMETHYST Amethyst. The Ural gem, according to experts, has no rivals on the international market. Amethysts from other deposits, when lighting is changed to artificial, lose their play, beauty and richness of tone, while the precious stones of the Urals retain their brilliance, and the stones found near Sanarka or Murzinka light up with red reflections.
DEMANTOID Demantoid. Large deposits are developed only in the Middle Urals. The Karkodinskoye deposit is the largest supplier of the mineral to the world market. Demantoid is a precious stone, which is one of the varieties of garnet. In nature, there are specimens of honey, golden yellow, swamp and emerald green shades. Thanks to its beautiful play of light, it is compared to diamonds. Even the name "demantoid" itself comes from the German "diamant" - "diamond" and the ancient Greek "eidos" - look, appearance, similar. That is, literally "diamond" is translated as "like a diamond". 1 carat = $3,100 Weight: 2.92 carats
