The strongest earthquakes throughout the history of mankind caused enormous material damage and caused a huge number of casualties among the population. The first mention of tremors date back to 2000 BC.
And despite the achievements modern science and the development of technology, no one can still predict the exact time when the elements will strike, so it often becomes impossible to quickly and timely evacuate people.
Earthquakes are natural disasters that kill the most people, much more than, for example, hurricanes or typhoons.
In this rating, we will talk about the 12 most powerful and destructive earthquakes in the history of mankind.
12. Lisbon
November 1, 1755, in the capital of Portugal, the city of Lisbon, there was a strong earthquake, later called the Great Lisbon Earthquake. It was a terrible coincidence that on November 1, All Saints Day, thousands of residents gathered for mass in the churches of Lisbon. These churches, like other buildings throughout the city, could not withstand the powerful shocks and collapsed, burying thousands of unfortunate people under their rubble.
Then a 6-meter tsunami wave poured into the city, covering the survivors, rushing in panic along the streets of the destroyed Lisbon. The destruction and loss of life was enormous! As a result of the earthquake, which lasted no more than 6 minutes, caused by a tsunami and numerous fires that engulfed the city, at least 80,000 residents of the capital of Portugal died.
Many famous figures and philosophers dealt with this deadly earthquake in their works, for example, Immanuel Kant, who tried to find scientific explanation such a massive tragedy.
11. San Francisco
On April 18, 1906, at 5:12 am, powerful tremors shook the sleeping San Francisco. The force of the shocks was 7.9 points and as a result of a strong earthquake in the city, 80% of the buildings were destroyed.
After the first count of the dead, the authorities reported 400 victims, but later their number increased to 3,000 people. However, the main damage to the city was caused not by the earthquake itself, but by the monstrous fire caused by it. As a result, more than 28,000 buildings were destroyed throughout San Francisco, and property damage amounted to more than $ 400 million at the rate of that time.
Many residents themselves set fire to their dilapidated houses, which were insured against fire, but not against earthquakes.
10. Messina
The largest earthquake in Europe was the earthquake in Sicily and Southern Italy, when on December 28, 1908, as a result of the most powerful tremors with a force of 7.5 on the Richter scale, according to various experts, from 120 to 200,000 people died.
The epicenter of the disaster was the Strait of Messina, located between the Apennine Peninsula and Sicily, the city of Messina suffered the most, where there was practically not a single surviving building left. A huge tsunami wave, caused by tremors and reinforced by an underwater landslide, also brought a lot of destruction.
Documented fact: rescuers were able to pull two malnourished, dehydrated, but alive children from the rubble, 18 days after the disaster! Numerous and extensive destruction was caused primarily by the poor quality of buildings in Messina and other parts of Sicily.
Russian sailors of the imperial fleet provided invaluable assistance to the inhabitants of Messina. Ships in the composition study group sailed the Mediterranean and on the day of the tragedy ended up in the port of Augusta in Sicily. Immediately after the tremors, the sailors organized a rescue operation and thanks to their courageous actions, thousands of residents were saved.
9. Haiyuan
One of the deadliest earthquakes in human history was the devastating earthquake that hit Haiyuan County in Gansu Province on December 16, 1920.
Historians estimate that at least 230,000 people died that day. The force of the tremors was such that entire villages disappeared into the rifts earth's crust, such big cities like Xi'an, Taiyuan and Lanzhou. Incredibly, but strong waves formed after the impact of the elements were recorded even in Norway.
Modern researchers believe that the death toll was much higher and totals at least 270,000 people. At that time, it was 59% of the population of Haiyuan County. Several tens of thousands of people died from the cold after their homes were destroyed by the elements.
8. Chile
The earthquake in Chile on May 22, 1960, is considered the strongest earthquake in the history of seismology, the magnitude of the tremors was 9.5 on the Richter scale. The earthquake was so powerful that it caused tsunami waves over 10 meters high, covering not only the coast of Chile, but also causing great damage to the city of Hilo in Hawaii, and some of the waves reached the coast of Japan and the Philippines.
More than 6,000 people died, most of them hit by the tsunami, the destruction was unimaginable. 2 million people were left without housing and shelter, and the amount of damage amounted to more than 500 million dollars. In some areas of Chile, the impact of the tsunami wave was so strong that many houses were blown 3 km inland.
7. Alaska
On March 27, 1964, the most powerful earthquake in American history hit Alaska. The strength of the rumors was 9.2 on the Richter scale and this earthquake became the strongest since the elements struck in Chile in 1960.
129 people died, of which 6 were unfortunate victims of the tremors, the rest were washed away by a huge tsunami wave. The elements caused the greatest destruction in Anchorage, and tremors were registered in 47 US states.
6. Kobe
The earthquake in Kobe, Japan on January 16, 1995 was one of the most devastating in history. Tremors with a force of 7.3 began at 05:46 am local time and continued for several days. As a result, more than 6,000 people died, 26,000 were injured.
The damage done to the infrastructure of the city was simply enormous. More than 200,000 buildings were destroyed, 120 out of 150 berths were destroyed in the port of Kobe, and there was no power supply for several days. The total damage from the impact of the elements amounted to about 200 billion dollars, which at that time was 2.5% of Japan's total GDP.
Not only government services rushed to help the affected residents, but also the Japanese mafia - the yakuza, whose members delivered water and food to the victims of the disaster.
5. Sumatra
On December 26, 2004, the strongest tsunami that hit the coasts of Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and other countries was caused by a devastating earthquake measuring 9.1 on the Richter scale. The epicenter of the tremors was in the Indian Ocean, near the island of Simeulue, off the northwestern coast of Sumatra. The earthquake was unusually large, there was a shift of the earth's crust at a distance of 1200 km.
The height of the tsunami waves reached 15-30 meters and according to various estimates, from 230 to 300,000 people became victims of the disaster, although it is impossible to calculate the exact number of deaths. Many people were simply washed away into the ocean.
One of the reasons for this number of victims was the lack of an early warning system in the Indian Ocean, with which it was possible to inform the local population about the approaching tsunami.
4. Kashmir
On October 8, 2005, in the Kashmir region, which is under the control of Pakistan, there was the strongest earthquake in South Asia in the last hundred years. The force of the tremors was 7.6 on the Richter scale, which is comparable to the San Francisco earthquake in 1906.
According to official data, 84,000 people died as a result of the disaster, according to unofficial data, more than 200,000. Rescue work was hampered by the military conflict between Pakistan and India in the region. Many villages and villages were completely wiped off the face of the earth, and the city of Balakot in Pakistan was also completely destroyed. In India, 1300 people became victims of the earthquake.
3. Haiti
On January 12, 2010, an earthquake measuring 7 on the Richter scale hit Haiti. The main blow fell on the capital of the state - the city of Port-au-Prince. The consequences were terrible: almost 3 million people were left homeless, all hospitals and thousands of residential buildings were destroyed. The number of victims was simply enormous, according to various estimates from 160 to 230,000 people.
Criminals who escaped from the prison destroyed by the elements poured into the city, cases of looting, robberies and robberies became frequent on the streets. The material damage from the earthquake is estimated at 5.6 billion dollars.
Despite the fact that many states - Russia, France, Spain, Ukraine, the USA, Canada and dozens of others - provided all possible assistance in eliminating the consequences of the elements of Haiti, more than five years after the earthquake, more than 80,000 people still live in makeshift camps for refugees.
Haiti is the poorest country in the western hemisphere and this natural disaster dealt an irreparable blow to the economy and the standard of living of citizens.
2. Earthquake in Japan
On March 11, 2011, the strongest earthquake in Japanese history struck the Tohoku region. The epicenter was located east of the island of Honshu and the strength of the tremors was 9.1 on the Richter scale.
As a result of the disaster, the nuclear power plant in the city of Fukushima was badly damaged and power units at reactors 1, 2, and 3 were destroyed. Many areas became uninhabitable as a result of radioactive radiation.
After underwater tremors, a huge tsunami wave covered the coast and destroyed thousands of administrative and residential buildings. More than 16,000 people died, 2,500 are still considered missing.
The material damage also turned out to be colossal - more than 100 billion dollars. And given that it may take years to completely restore the destroyed infrastructure, the amount of damage can increase several times.
1. Spitak and Leninakan
There are many tragic dates in the history of the USSR, and one of the most famous is the earthquake that shook the Armenian SSR on December 7, 1988. The most powerful tremors in just half a minute almost completely destroyed the northern part of the republic, capturing the territory where more than 1 million inhabitants lived.
The consequences of the disaster were monstrous: the city of Spitak was almost completely wiped off the face of the Earth, Leninakan was badly damaged, more than 300 villages were destroyed and 40% of the industrial capacities of the republic were destroyed. More than 500 thousand Armenians were left homeless, according to various estimates, from 25,000 to 170,000 people died, 17,000 citizens were left disabled.
111 states and all the republics of the USSR provided assistance in the restoration of destroyed Armenia.
Today it is no secret to anyone that on all continents of our planet there is a significant increase in cataclysms and natural disasters, which are associated with cosmic cyclic processes and, as a result, global climate change. The increase in activity and frequency of natural disasters on a planetary scale falls on seismic activity. Scientists around the world are concerned about the constantly changing data on the increase in the number of earthquakes. Not only their number is growing, but also the intensity, location, nature of destructive actions.
Thus, an area of special attention for scientific direction climate geoengineering and the entire world community today are two points on different hemispheres the globe- Yellowstone Caldera in the USA and Aira Caldera in Japan. These are two huge underground volcanoes, standing not at the junction lithospheric plates. According to scientists, the activation of one of them can lead to the subsequent activation of the other, and this is not only a large-scale eruption, but also earthquakes, tsunamis and other consequences. The scale of such global catastrophe difficult to assess.
About this and others critical issues early warning of people about impending cataclysms, in 2014 the world community of scientists ALLATRA SCIENCE openly stated in the report “On the problems and consequences of global climate change on Earth. Effective ways to solve these problems.
Earthquake.
According to the official terminology, an earthquake is a shaking of the earth's surface or underground points, which are a reflection of the internal geological changes of the planet. This effect is based on the displacement of tectonic plates, which lead to ruptures of the earth's crust and mantle. As a result, oscillatory movements, depending on the intensity of the process, can spread over long distances, bringing with them not only a destructive effect on social infrastructure, but also a threat to people's lives.
This issue deals with a special science - seismology. Several areas are being actively studied, including: deepening in knowledge of what seismic activity is in its essence and what it is connected with, possible forecasting of these natural disasters, for timely warning and evacuation of people. Like any other science, seismology can actively develop only in mutually beneficial symbiosis with other sciences (physics, history, biology, geophysics, etc.), since the fundamental basis for all knowledge on our planet is, of course, common.
Seismic activity online and in the world.
Seismic monitoring is developing in most countries, regardless of the territory, frequency and threat of earthquake development. In addition, a seismic monitor is one of the fundamental factors in the development and preservation of the integrity of energy industry facilities. Almost every person on the planet today is an active consumer of electricity. Therefore, power plants are located in all countries and on all continents, including the zone of increased seismic hazard. The action of such a destructive force of nature is fraught not only with an energy catastrophe, but also with global environmental problems.
In order to control seismic processes (earthquakes), study them and warn the public in advance about their occurrence, seismic stations are built in designated areas. All the necessary characteristics of tremors are studied - the magnitude, location and depth of the source.
Earthquakes online.
For all people, thanks to Internet technologies, data is also available today: “earthquakes online”. This is the so-called earthquake map, which provide information about tremors around the world around the clock.
Active participants of the International social movement ALLATRA has developed the most complete map of seismic activity, which displays objective data from the world information portals and seismic monitoring stations. Informing the public and awareness of the processes taking place on the planet, their causes and consequences is the main task of this project.
Today, each person can observe a significant increase in abnormal weather changes, natural disasters, and cataclysms. Active participation of all people, unity, mutual assistance and friendship, the prevalence of true moral and spiritual values in society is the key to the survival of civilization in the future.
5.3 magnitude earthquake strikes western Colombia Earthquake magnitude 5.3 was recorded in the west of Colombia. About this ... about the victims and the destruction of houses have been reported. In the middle of July earthquake magnitude 6.6 occurred off the northwest coast of Australia. Epicenter... An earthquake of magnitude 5.0 hit 200 km from Los Angeles Seismologists recorded on Thursday in the central part american state California earthquake magnitude 5.0. This is evidenced by data from the Geological Survey website ... and no damage has been reported. On August 10, in the Kamchatka Territory, a earthquake magnitude 4.7. On that day, tremors up to... Three earthquakes hit Kazakhstan in a day ... , 145 km northeast of Alma-Ata, there was earthquake magnitude 5.4. The source was located at a depth of 5 km. Except ... at a depth of 10 km. About the destruction and casualties earthquakes not reported. In departments for emergencies Alma-Ata region ... August, 164 employees of the Tashtagolskaya mine in the Kemerovo region were evacuated after earthquakes magnitude above 3. Evraz ZSMK reported that the shocks ... In Kuzbass, more than 150 miners were evacuated after a small earthquake In Kuzbass, miners from the Tashtagolskaya mine were evacuated after a short earthquakes, RBC was told in the press service of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Kemerovo region. “...surface. There were no casualties among the miners. The reason for the evacuation of the Tashtagolskaya mine was earthquake magnitude above 3. According to TASS, all 164 miners are on their own ... . Evraz ZSMK, which owns the mine, told the agency that earthquake did not lead to destruction and the mine will resume operation within... An earthquake of magnitude 4.7 hit Kamchatka Recorded in the Kamchatka Territory earthquake magnitude 4.7. This was reported on the page of the regional GU ... the US service estimated the magnitude earthquakes at 5.4. Seismic activity is regularly observed in Kamchatka, including strong earthquakes magnitude 6. The last time the region recorded earthquake August 8, the magnitude was 4.2 ... An earthquake of magnitude 4.2 was recorded in Kamchatka ... a reference to the branch of the Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences. According to seismologists, the epicenter earthquakes located 133 km south of the village of Klyuchi and ... . At the end of July off the coast of Kamchatka in pacific ocean happened earthquake magnitude 4.6. The epicenter was 80 km from Ust ... shocks. In June, powerful events took place in Kamchatka for several days in a row earthquakes, the magnitude of the third of them was 6, the first and second ... Japan hit by 6.3 magnitude earthquake Not far from the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima occurred earthquake magnitude 6.3. This is reported by the US Geological Survey (USGS). ... Moscow time) 54 km from the village of Namie, Fukushima Prefecture. hearth earthquakes lay at a depth of 38.6 km. About the victims and destruction ... there was an accident at a nuclear power plant due to a tsunami that was caused by earthquake magnitude 9.0. At least 18,000 people became victims of the disaster. Magnitude 6.8 earthquake hits Sumatra Southwest of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, a earthquake magnitude 6.8. This was reported by the European Mediterranean Seismological Center (...: 03 (08:03 Moscow time) on August 2. The outbreak earthquakes was at a depth of 40 km, the epicenter earthquakes was located 233 km southwest ... . Earlier, on July 7, off the coast of Indonesia in the Moluccas Sea, earthquake magnitude 6.9. The shocks were recorded at a depth of 36.3 km ... Two earthquakes hit the Philippines earthquakes happened early in the morning. According to police, some people died because they were sleeping when the tremors began. As a result of two earthquakes in ... many were still sleeping. Marilu Kaiko, head of the region, clarified to Xinhua that earthquakes caused damage to the church and other houses. “We saw houses shaking... evacuation of the victims. In late April, the Philippines also experienced a powerful earthquake magnitude 6.3, which killed 11 people. Cataclysm... 6.2 magnitude earthquake strikes Papua New Guinea ... Monday on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea happened earthquake magnitude 6.2. This was reported by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) ... the islands of Moluccas, which are located near Papua New Guinea, occurred earthquake, as a result of which at least two people were injured, reports ... at home. In May, on the east coast of Papua New Guinea, earthquake magnitude 7.2 at a depth of 126.9 km. The epicenter was... Powerful earthquake strikes off Australian coast Off the northwest coast of Australia earthquake magnitude 5.5. This is evidenced by the data of the US Geological Survey (..., the focus of the tremors lay at a depth of about 10 km. The epicenter earthquakes was located 208 km west of the city of Broome (state ... no reports were received. Previously, almost in the same place, there was earthquake magnitude 6.6. The West Australian has reported that underground... 6.6 magnitude earthquake strikes off Australian coast Earthquake magnitude 6.6 occurred off the northwest coast of Australia, according to ... . The Australian Bureau of Meteorology website indicates that tsunami threats after earthquakes No. 6.9 magnitude earthquake strikes off Indonesian coast ... earthquake magnitude 6.9. This is reported by the US Geological Survey (USGS). The earthquake was recorded at a depth of 36.3 km, the epicenter earthquakes... , June 24, in the Banda Sea off the eastern islands of Indonesia, a earthquake magnitude 7.3. The source lay at a depth of 208 km. California hit by second strong earthquake in a week ... of them, according to experts, - 7.1. Happened in southern California earthquake magnitude 7.1. This is evidenced by the materials on the website of the American ... region, the day before, weaker earthquakes magnitude 4.6 and 5.4. June 5 earthquake, notes NBC News, was felt in Los ... Los Angeles. CNN called it earthquake the strongest in California in the last 20 years. Reuters is earthquake called the most powerful in the last 25 years ... An earthquake of magnitude 5.2 occurred off the coast of Kamchatka ... registered earthquake magnitude 5.2, according to the press service of the regional department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The earthquake was recorded at a depth of 10 km, the epicenter earthquakes was located 143 km northwest of the village of Nikolsky in the Aleutian municipal area. It is noted that in settlements earthquake not ... reports from the city of Obninsk, on the morning of July 6, four earthquakes, all of them were not felt in settlements. California hit by worst earthquake in 25 years ... say the media, this earthquake became the strongest in the region since 1994. In the south of the US state of California, earthquake magnitude 6.4, according to the US Geological Survey. hearth earthquakes lay at a depth of 9 km. CNN, citing officials, clarifies that after earthquakes happened at least... 6.2 magnitude earthquake strikes off Canada's west coast ... lay at a depth of 10 km. About casualties or damage earthquake not reported, the threat of a tsunami was not declared. 5.7 magnitude earthquake strikes off Taiwan coast Off the southeast coast of Taiwan earthquake magnitude 5.7, the island's seismological service said. Underground... earthquakes amounted to 5.2. There is no information about the victims or destruction, the threat of a tsunami was not announced. In April, in the east of Taiwan, registered earthquake magnitude... An earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred off the coast of Kamchatka Off the eastern coast of Kamchatka earthquake magnitude 6.0. This was reported on the website of the Kamchatka branch ... two earthquakes, magnitude 5.5 and 4.3. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) also announced earthquake magnitude 5.7 ... . It is noted that as a result earthquakes no one was hurt, no damage. Over the past three days, this is the third powerful earthquake near the peninsula. First... The magnitude of the second earthquake in a day off the coast of Kamchatka was 6.7 ... second powerful in a day earthquake. Its magnitude was 6.7. This is reported by the Kamchatka branch of the Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Earthquake happened in 108 ... in the Kamchatka Territory, referring to the data of the Petropavlovsk seismic station, reports that earthquake magnitude 6.2 occurred 82 km east of the village of Ust ... the coast of Kamchatka occurred earthquake magnitude 6.3. The regional head office of the Ministry of Emergency Situations stated that the victims and destruction as a result of earthquakes No. Tsunami threat... An earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred in Kamchatka Earthquake magnitude 6.3 happened on Tuesday, June 25, in Kamchatsky ... . hearth earthquakes was at a depth of 10 km. According to preliminary data from the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the region, the victims and destruction as a result of earthquakes No. Threat... 7.3 magnitude earthquake strikes off Indonesian coast Earthquake magnitude 7.3 occurred on Monday in the Banda Sea off the eastern islands of Indonesia. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the focus earthquakes... did not. There was no tsunami threat. Happened last week earthquake magnitude 6.8 off the coast of the Japanese island of Honshu. Its epicenter ... a tsunami up to 1 m high. According to the latest data, as a result earthquakes 26 people were injured in Japan. 5.6 magnitude earthquake strikes California Seismologists recorded earthquake off the coast of the US state of California. The US Geological Survey reports. hearth earthquakes was at a depth of 9.5 ... no casualties reported. June 18 near the Japanese island of Honshu happened earthquake magnitude 6.8, after which a tsunami threat was declared. From... Japan earthquake death toll rises to 26 In Japan, the number of victims as a result of earthquakes, which occurred the day before, increased to 26 people, another person received ... as a result of a natural disaster. Earthquake magnitude 6.8 occurred on June 18 off the northern coast of the Japanese island of Honshu. Epicenter earthquakes located off the coast of the prefecture ... Japan earthquake injures 15 people As a result earthquakes, which occurred in northern Japan, 15 people were injured, reports Kyodo ... Niigata, as well as one of the prefectures of Miyagi and Ishikawa. Earthquake magnitude 6.8 occurred in Japan the day before. Because of this...” that connect Tokyo with Aomori and Niigata prefectures. Because of earthquakes tsunamis up to 1 m high were recorded. Japan issues tsunami warning after earthquake ...Japan happened earthquake magnitude 6.8. A tsunami threat has been declared on the coast of the country, the National Meteorological Service said in a statement. Epicenter earthquakes was near ... On May 19, about 45 small volcanic earthquakes. In China, 11 people were killed and 122 injured after two earthquakes Victims of two powerful earthquakes, which occurred in China, were at least 11 people, more ... data, tremors were recorded in Sichuan province. first happened earthquake magnitude 5.9, and after it less strong - magnitude 5 ... . Reuters recalled that in May 2008, as a result of the strongest earthquakes 70 thousand people died in Sichuan. Earthquake hits China-North Korea border ... an explosion, according to The Japan Times, citing Chinese seismologists. Earthquake happened at 19:38 local time (14:38 Moscow time) in Hunchun County, Yanbian Korea Autonomous Prefecture. earthquakes was located on the surface. Previously, Pyongyang's nuclear tests caused tremors ... 2017 tests at the North Korean nuclear test site Pungeri led to earthquake magnitude 6.3. 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes off New Zealand coast strong earthquake magnitude 7.2 was recorded off the coast of New Zealand, according to the Geological ..., at 21:56 UTC (June 16, 00:56 Moscow time) earthquake magnitude 6.1 occurred off the coast of the island Kingdom of Tonga in... not reported. In December last year, off the coast of Tonga, earthquake magnitude 6.4. The epicenter was located 84 km to the north... 6.5 magnitude earthquake strikes off Chile In the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile, a powerful earthquake magnitude 6.5. This is reported by the US Geological Survey (USGS). ... at 0:19 UTC (3:19 Moscow time). Epicenter earthquakes was located 79 km west of the port city of Coquimbo... was not announced. At the end of May, in the northern part of Peru, earthquake magnitude 8. As a result of the incident, at least one was killed ... ... as a result earthquakes magnitude 8. This was reported by the National Center for Emergency Situations (COEN) on Twitter. According to the report, as a result earthquakes 55 ... . Earlier on May 26, it was reported that in the northern part of Peru there was earthquake magnitude 8. Tremors were recorded at 7:41 (10 ... Moscow time). The source lay at a depth of 115 km. This is the second strong earthquake in Peru since the beginning of 2019. So, in January... Magnitude 8 earthquake strikes Peru ... as a result of what happened yet. in the northern part of Peru earthquake magnitude 8. This is evidenced by the materials on the website of the American Geological Survey ... the US does not give. According to local newspaper La Republica, earthquake Two earthquakes occurred in Dagestan in an hour ... happened two earthquakes, according to the local Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The first shock was recorded in the Buynaksky district at 01:34 Moscow time, the epicenter earthquakes was in ... and Kaspiysk. An hour later, at 02:44 Moscow time, the second happened earthquake in roughly the same area. It was weaker - the hearth on ... no. At the beginning of May 2017, it was recorded in the republic earthquake magnitude 5.4, no casualties were reported. 6.2 magnitude earthquake strikes off New Caledonia strong earthquake magnitude 6.2 occurred off the coast of the overseas community of France Nova... or no casualties, no tsunami threat declared. December 5 magnitude earthquakes, which occurred near New Caledonia, was 7.5. In the next... Papua New Guinea warns of tsunami threat after earthquake In Papua New Guinea after earthquakes 7.7 magnitude tsunami expected earthquakes in Papua New Guinea, as well as the territory of the Solomon Islands. There... Papua New Guinea from 13:00 GMT (16:00 Moscow time). Earthquake Two earthquakes off the coast of Japan off the coast of the Japanese island of Kyushu earthquake magnitude 6.3, according to the European Mediterranean Seismological Center (EMSC). By... Miyazaki. An hour before, in the same area, they recorded earthquake magnitude 5.6. The source lay at a depth of 30 km, and ...The destructive power of an earthquake depends on its magnitude (in the hypocenter, i.e. in the source), the depth of the earthquake source and the distance from the epicenter (the projection point of the source on the earth's surface).
Examples of media reports and explanations of terms:
"According to ***, there, at so much Moscow time, an earthquake occurred magnitude in the source M=4.3 points on the nine-point Richter scale, at a depth of 15 km from sea level.
The epicenter of the earthquake was located 100 kilometers southeast of the city ***. Tremors were felt in the village *** force up to four points, and in the city of *** - three points (on a 12-point scale). According to the latest data, there are no casualties and serious damage. During the week, 4 earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.3 to 4.3 on the Richter scale were recorded in this area, which were also felt in neighboring regions. According to statistics provided by seismologists, the average interval between series of earthquakes of magnitude up to four points in this area is approximately *** years.
Or
"An earthquake with a magnitude, in the source, 4.3 happened there. Its epicenter was one hundred kilometers southeast of the city ***. The depth of the focus was 15 km" from sea level.
Or
A four-point earth happened somewhere today.
Magnitude earthquake (not to be confused with "strength", and leave points alone) - quantitatively characterizes its energy, at the source, on a nine-point Richter scale (0-9). It is calculated based on the results of measurements by instruments (seismographs) at the nearest, to the epicenter, seismic stations of different countries. An earthquake of magnitude 6 or more, with a nearby epicenter and a shallow source, is considered strong and can cause significant damage and cause casualties among the population, especially if buildings and residential structures are not designed for proper seismic resistance or are built by low-skilled guest workers, with gross violations building codes and regulations.
Force earthquake shocks (intensity) - a qualitative (felt, visible) characteristic of the degree of destruction and other manifestations on the earth's surface, at a specific point on the earth's surface. For this, a twelve-point scale (1-12) or a modified Mercalli scale is used. They differ little. The real danger is tremors with a force of four points or more.
Forecast. Before a strong earthquake, in a few minutes or even hours, domestic animals and birds begin to scream and rush about, tend to run away from the house to the street, to hide. Dogs try to lead their owners, children to a safe place. Cats take away kittens. Aquarium fish - worried, trying to jump out of the aquarium water. Rats and mice run out of the basements of houses. Wild animals, in advance - a few hours or days before the earthquake, flocks leave the dangerous area. Snakes and lizards crawl out of their holes (even in winter, and at night and in bad weather), Birds constantly scream, fly in circles for a long time and randomly. Animals and birds lose their appetite, their behavior changes greatly - they, without attacking each other, move away from danger together.
Those who were born, grew up and lived (under natural conditions) in earthquake-prone areas have the best sensitivity. The skill is retained for a long time. Their reaction is more often selective, only to close (local earthquakes) and dangerous in strength (more than two to four points).
Seismologists and volcanologists use scientific, instrumental methods of forecasting and early warning methods: constant monitoring of seismic activity with a network of sensitive sensors, regular measurements and detection of increases in the concentration of helium and radon in the surface air and at depth, etc.
The dependence of the intensity of the earth from distance to epicenter. From closely located epicenters of earthquakes of great strength (if the "seven" of magnitude or higher strikes) - very sharp shocks and shocks are felt, intense shaking, glows, sparks are visible, an underground rumble, crackling and roar of collapsing buildings and falling, broken trees is heard, there is a sharp wind amplification. At distances of hundreds of kilometers, from the epicenter, the echoes of an earthquake reach - low-frequency, relatively slow oscillations, undulating swaying of the daytime surface of the earth. The farther away, the smaller their vertical amplitude and longer period (up to a minute or more, with a distance to the epicenter of several thousand kilometers), with the exception of anomalously intense and resonant manifestations at certain distances from the epicenter and along large, deep tectonic faults.
Influence of tidal (gravitational) effects. Seismicity increases - on the new moon and, especially, on the full moon, as well as when the Moon is in perigee (closer to the Earth). There is also a seasonal dependence: in autumn and, especially, in winter, it shakes harder and more often than in spring and summer.
Geological factor. The greatest damage from an earthquake occurs at the outcrops of rocky rocks and if they are covered with loose deposits of small thickness, which are thrown up on their base. Safer soil conditions are territories with thick strata of loose forges. rocks in which the seismic wave weakens, is extinguished until it reaches the earth's surface.
Tsunami occur if the epicenter of the earth is near the sea coast. Water, at the first blow, first leaves the coast, and then, accelerating, in the form of a large wave, it falls on the coast. The brightness of the glow of marine organisms also rises sharply two or three minutes before the tsunami.
The seismic activity map is updated every 20 minutes.
To take a closer look at the area and scores, click on the source of the earthquake with the cursor, you will be taken to an enlarged area of the mapAutomatic GEOFON Global Seismic Moniton Map
red - last 24 hours
orange - last 1-4 days
yellow - last 4-14 days
Earthquakes in the last 30 days with a magnitude of 4 or more
EMSC+Google Map
Earthquakes in the World
red - last 24 hours
orange - from 24 to 48 hours
yellow - for the last 3-17 days
purple- from 2 weeks to 5 years
Seismic of the Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean. Far East. Kuriles. Fault lines of the Pacific Ridge
Russia and Central Asia
Europe
Indonesian region
EMSC
Table data for the selected period:
http://www.emsc-csem.org/index.php?page=current&sub=list
Live Earthquake Mashup
Excellent map, direct analogue of Google planet with attached KML files
http://www.oe-files.de/gmaps/eqmashup.html
Earthquakes Canada
Map of seismic activity in Canada. All earthquakes in the last 30 days.
To view the area and scores, click on the source of the earthquake with the cursor, you will be taken to the information of the map areaThe updated list of earthquakes is online.
Geophysical Service RAS
Shows the last 15 earthquakes
Map of tectonic plates of the world
Scientists have compiled a map of the largest tectonic plates:
- Australian;
- Arabian subcontinent;
- Antarctic;
- African;
- Hindustan;
- Eurasian;
- Nazca plate;
- Cooker Coconut;
- Pacific;
- North and South American platforms;
- Scotia plate;
- Philippine plate.
From theory, we know that the solid shell of the earth (lithosphere) consists not only of the plates that form the relief of the surface of the planet, but also of the deep part - the mantle. Continental platforms have a thickness of 35 km (in the flat areas) to 70 km (in the mountain ranges). Scientists have proven that the plate in the Himalayas has the greatest thickness. Here the thickness of the platform reaches 90 km. The thinnest lithosphere is found in the ocean zone. Its thickness does not exceed 10 km, and in some areas this figure is 5 km. Based on the information about the depth at which the epicenter of the earthquake is located and what is the speed of propagation of seismic waves, calculations are made of the thickness of the sections of the earth's crust.
Map of faults and seismically dangerous places
The map shows the places of seismically dangerous zones. The zones are highlighted in color from green to red. The closer the color is to red, the more likely strong and destructive earthquakes are. The map was created on the data of earthquakes that have occurred since 1973.
Nuclear power plants are marked on the map. The location of a nuclear power plant in a seismically hazardous area increases the danger to the population.
Hazard grade. Switch on switch off
Seismic activity scale. Richter scale. Earthquake by type of activity.
| Mercalli scale | Richter scale | Visible action |
|
1 |
0 -4.3 |
Vibration from an earthquake is recorded only by instruments |
|
2 |
Earthquake vibrations are felt when standing on stairs | |
|
3 |
Earthquake shocks are felt indoors, light vibrations of objects | |
|
4 |
4.3-4.8 |
The clinking of dishes, the swaying of trees, the tremors of an earthquake are felt in parked cars. |
|
5 |
The creaking of doors, the awakening of the sleeping, the transfusion of liquid from the vessels | |
|
6 |
4.8-6.2 |
During an earthquake, unsteady walking of people, damage to windows, falling pictures from the walls |
|
7 |
It is difficult to stand, the tiles on the houses are crumbling, large bells are ringing from the earthquake | |
|
8 |
6.2-7.3 |
Damage to chimneys, damage to sewer networks during such an earthquake |
|
9 |
General panic from the earthquake, damage to foundations | |
|
10 |
Most buildings damaged*, major landslides, rivers bursting their banks | |
|
11 |
7.3-8.9 |
Bent railway tracks, road damage, large cracks in the ground, falling rocks |
|
12 |
Complete destruction, waves on the surface of the earth, changes in the course of rivers, poor visibility | |
| * Specially designed buildings with earthquake protection are able to withstand shocks up to 8.5 on the Richter scale | ||
The amount of energy released during an earthquake
| The strength of the earthquake on the Richter scale | The amount of energy in an earthquake (equivalent to trinitrotoluene), t |
| 4 | 6 |
| 5 | 199 |
| 6 | 6270 |
| 7 | 199’000 |
| 8 | 6’270’000 |
| 9 | 99’000’000 |
Map of earthquakes in Europe for the last 24 hours
Seismic activity on the planet over the past day
Seismic activity on the planet over the past week
| >>> Seismomonitor (overlaid on the map) | >>> USGS Seismomonitor (mapped) | >>>Seismomonitor (clickable map) | >>>Seismic monitor EUROPE |
Earthquake map according to Google service
Seismic activity map online, updated every 20 minutes. In addition, you can always find out whether there was an earthquake today or not. This allows you to more visually evaluate the information provided.
Seismic activity map of the EMSC service and Google Map
The map of seismic activity of the world allows you to select a section of the earth's surface by pressing the mouse button. In this case, the selected area will be displayed separately in the window, on which earthquake epicenters are indicated in detail. The online seismic monitor allows you to get comprehensive data when choosing any of the sources. The table shows the coordinates of the epicenters and the power of tremors, ranging from 24 hours to 30 days. Also, on the map of the region, seismic fixation stations located in the selected area are displayed.
Earthquake map from quakes.globalincidentmap.com
Earthquake map from emsc-csem.org
Behavior before, during and after an earthquake
|
The vast majority of earthquakes have a duration of about one, rarely more than one minute. However, the intensity of oscillations during this time is not the same. As a rule, an earthquake begins with relatively weak vibrations (sometimes imperceptible), which last 10-20 seconds, then the main phase of the earthquake occurs, at which the vibrations reach their greatest intensity, followed by a gradual decline. Qualitatively erected and well-maintained buildings that do not have special anti-seismic measures are able to withstand earthquakes of up to six points without much damage. Buildings in unsatisfactory technical condition and dilapidated, under threat strong earthquakes doubly dangerous. Before the earthquake Inside the house, securely attach cabinets, shelves, and furniture walls to the walls and floor. Furniture, standing and hanging objects in living quarters are placed so that if they fall, sleeping people are not injured and passages and exits from the apartment remain free. All heavy objects should be moved to the lower shelves and places. Shelves with utensils must be closed. Fix chandeliers and overhead lights securely, do not use glass lampshades. Do not clutter up the aisles and exits from rooms and apartments with things. Flammable, caustic, poisonous liquids and powders must be securely sealed, closed in strong, fixed containers and boxes. All family members should be well aware of the most dangerous places residential premises: in the openings of the internal main walls near these walls, at the supporting columns and under the frame beams, in the corners of the internal main walls and under solid furniture (tables, beds). And dangerous places too: near large glazed openings and partitions, corner rooms of buildings, especially the last floors. During an earthquake Don't panic! Quickly focus on the implementation of previously thought out actions, but be ready to act according to circumstances. In the house/apartment: If you are in a low, up to 2-3 floors building, then it is better to leave it quickly. This is especially true if the building is not earthquake resistant. Run out quickly, but carefully, beware of falling objects, broken wires and other sources of danger, and immediately move away from the building, away from the open area. When on the upper floors of a multi-story building, do not rush to the stairs and elevators. Most likely, they will be overcrowded with people, and the elevators are disabled. Therefore, it is better to stay in the building and, having previously opened the front door, which in the future may turn out to be jammed from distortions, quickly take the safest place in the room: under solid furniture, at the wall of the supporting column closest to the center of the building, in the doorway of the main walls, in the corner rooms. And always away from windows, heavy objects and equipment that could tip over. Help the disabled and the elderly. Do not enter buildings or run around them. Once next to a tall building, stand in the doorway, this will protect you from falling pieces of glass, balconies, cornices and parapets. It is best to be in an open area, away from buildings and power lines. In transport Any transport must be calmly and quickly stopped, as far as possible from tall buildings, overpasses, bridges, power lines or anything that can collapse from strong shocks. Drivers of buses and trams, having stopped the transport, must open all the doors. After the earthquake While in the building, remain calm, assess the situation. Examine yourself and those around you, if necessary, provide medical care needy. Wear sturdy shoes to protect your feet from splinters and debris. Going down the stairs, check the reliability of its structures. Check for a fire hazard. The resulting flame must be extinguished immediately. If you notice damage to the wiring, turn off the power, if it has not already been done. According to the materials of the State Committee of the Republic of Buryatia
|
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