Introduction and acclimatization, seasonal colonization. How does climate affect people? Abrupt climate change, consequences

Acclimatization is the process of adapting an organism to a new climate and conditions. environment. This process is observed quite often in children after several days spent at sea. The symptoms of this disorder are similar to the common cold.

The most difficult climate change is experienced by babies up to three years, but even in older children the main sign of acclimatization will remain - a slight increase in body temperature, which very often disappears on its own after a few days. But not only children are susceptible to such a specific disorder. Adults quite often experience signs of acclimatization on themselves, especially when traveling by plane.

Often, signs of acclimatization attack an adult or child after several days of exposure to a new climate. This process is quite natural for every person of any age group, so parents should not be scared when their child suddenly feels a deterioration in health. In addition, signs characteristic of acclimatization to a new climate will be observed after returning to the usual living conditions. This means only one thing, the body always needs to adapt to absolutely any climatic conditions. But such a process carries not only negative aspects. During the period of getting used to the new climate, the body “learns” to acquire new adaptive abilities, which in the future will allow you to practically not notice discomfort.

Etiology

The main reason that acclimatization occurs is the need for the body to rebuild its protective reactions in accordance with the new climate conditions and geographic location. Specific environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity, pressure, an excessive amount of light, or, conversely, its lack, require a person to change not only some body functions, but also the psyche.

Similar adaptive changes are characteristic of the emergence of acclimatization in children, and they suffer from a change in the environment in a more complex form than adults. This is due to age and not fully formed immunity. In addition, there are several groups of people who are at risk and who should pay special attention to their well-being during climate change. These include people who:

• have problems with the cardiovascular system;
• pathologies of the musculoskeletal system are observed;
• have chronic diseases of the lungs or bronchi.

The age category is also important, because not only children feel bad after a change in the environment, but also the elderly. Experts from the field of cardiology, gynecology and dermatology recommend that people over forty-five years of age should refrain from long journeys or long holidays at sea. Such individuals should try to plan their vacation in a familiar climate. In particular, female representatives who are carrying a child, having gynecological pathologies, as well as women in the period should refuse to travel to warm countries.

Varieties

Contrary to the erroneous belief that acclimatization in children and adults can occur only after moving to warm countries for sea holidays, signs of this process can occur with any change in climate. Thus, acclimatization has the following types:

• thermal - involves a person's stay in conditions of high temperature and humidity. It is this combination that causes the manifestation of all the symptoms of such a disorder;
• high-altitude - fans of tourist holidays in ski resorts will also face such an unpleasant process as acclimatization. This type of adaptation of the body occurs because a person is much higher than sea level, in addition, a low concentration of oxygen is added, to which residents of megacities are not accustomed. For this process, there are a number of specific signs, for example, a decrease in blood pressure and levels and;
• cold - people will have to face a lack of ultraviolet rays, low air temperatures and strong magnetic storms. Fans of such extreme recreation have a complete aversion to food and sleep disturbances.

A separate type of acclimatization is re-accustoming to constant environmental conditions, that is, when returning home after a long rest.

Acclimatization can take place in several stages:

• initial - proceeds without specific symptoms. It is during this period that the preparation of the body for new climatic conditions begins;
• high reactivity - the first signs of acclimatization appear, the person's condition worsens significantly;
• alignment - a person's condition is gradually normalizing;
• complete acclimatization.

Classification of this process according to the forms of flow:

• acute - the duration of the stage is not more than seven days;
• ordinary - lasting from ten to fourteen days.

Thus, in order for the body to fully get used to the new climatic conditions, and for a person to be able to fully relax, it is necessary to spend at least twenty days in a new place.

Symptoms

In most cases, the first signs of acclimatization begin to appear between the second and the fourth day in the new climate. For adults and children, they are exactly the same, only their intensity will differ. The main symptoms of acclimatization are:

• slight increase in body temperature. In most cases, it does not exceed 38 degrees and passes on its own after a few days;
• headache attacks;
• lowering blood pressure;
• sleep disturbance in the form of insomnia, and in young children, on the contrary, in the form of constant drowsiness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• general weakness of the body;
• increased fatigue;
• disruption of the intestines in the form of prolonged constipation;
• sudden mood changes;
• tearfulness in babies;
• loss of appetite;
• indifference to what is happening around;
• the appearance of unreasonable fears or anxieties;
• decrease in physical and mental abilities.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures during acclimatization are aimed at distinguishing this process from other diseases. That is why when the first signs of this phenomenon occur in a child or adult at the sea or ski resort, you should immediately consult with a local therapist. After the examination, it is also necessary to take blood, feces and urine tests for a subsequent laboratory examination.

Treatment

After it is fully confirmed that the symptoms were caused precisely by acclimatization in a child or adult, it is necessary to take some measures to alleviate the signs of this process. It is worth noting that in an adult, the symptoms go away on their own. When treating acclimatization in children, do not immediately give medications- This can only be done after consultation with a specialist. During therapy are prescribed:

• antipyretic drugs - in the presence of high temperature;
• cough syrups or tablets. It is best to refuse sprays, as they are too aggressive towards weak immunity in a child;
• nasal drops with herbal ingredients;
• antiemetic or antibacterial substances should be given only on prescription.

With acclimatization therapy, you should not self-medicate.

Prevention

In order to facilitate or completely protect an adult or a child from the occurrence of acclimatization after arrival at the sea or ski resort, it is necessary:

• plan your vacation the right way. It should not last less than two weeks;
• do not go far, the maximum that the baby can withstand - the difference in time zones should not differ by more than three hours;
• travel only by train or own car;
• a month before the trip, begin to strengthen the child's immunity;
• give the baby more vitamins along with food;
• avoid too sudden temperature changes;
• use sunscreens - if relaxing at sea, special creams from the cold - if a high-altitude resort was chosen as a vacation;
• choose the time of arrival at a new place so that it falls in the evening - so the body can relax and at the same time adapt to new climatic conditions.

Resettlement to hot countries causes adaptive shifts in metabolism, respiratory function, hemodynamics, and other functional systems to varying degrees. In some, the phenomena of dysadaptation, circulatory asthenia and decreased ability to work are observed. Training during physical labor during the acclimatization period helps first-time workers to quickly adapt and not be inferior in labor productivity to the natives.

The hot, dry climate is comparatively favorable for circulation. According to the observations of many authors, in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, in healthy people in the summer heat, blood pressure decreases, in patients with hypertension, including visitors, it sometimes normalizes.

On the basis of special studies of patients with heart disease, I. A. Kassirsky came to the conclusion that the course of heart diseases in the hot regions of Central Asia is no different from their course in the central zone of the USSR.

In the climate of tropical deserts, the danger of overheating of the body due to direct solar radiation and radiation from the soil is very high, especially when walking and working in the sun. The high air temperature exceeding body temperature, the high intensity of direct and reflected radiation exclude the usual heat transfer to the external environment by convection. Under these conditions, perspiration remains the main factor in thermoregulation. With a large amount of sweat secreted in the blood, plasma thickening is noted.

Special studies in the hottest regions of Central Asia have shown that the water balance at rest is up to 3 liters per day in the hottest time, and reaches 6 liters during workload. Sharp violations of water-salt metabolism, significant loss of chlorides, prolonged potassium starvation, reduced excretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, disorder chemical composition pancreatic and intestinal juices suppress appetite, upset the activity of the intestine. Reduced resistance to infectious diseases. There is a feeling of unquenchable thirst and a debilitating sensation of constant moisture of the whole body. The secretion of saliva drops sharply, the mucous membranes dry, despite the absorption of a large amount of liquid. A sharp decrease in plasma volume, an increase in the total concentration of serum and blood viscosity with increasing insufficiency of peripheral circulation lead to heat exhaustion of the body, to its dehydration.

Among the pathological conditions that occur in people in the desert, there are: 1) heat stroke with high body temperature, prostration and delirium, 2) heat (dehydration) exhaustion (with symptoms of adynamia and collapse with a slight increase in body temperature) and 3) heat cramps, occurring in extremely unadapted people with a large loss of mineral salts.

E. Adolf believes that maintaining the water-salt balance is possible with timely replenishment of the water deficit. A. A. Letavet emphasizes the importance of observing the diet (frequency, volume of individual portions of water, its temperature, combination with meals) and attaches particular importance to the salt composition of water to replenish the loss of chlorides.

The experience of combating overheating in industry allowed domestic physiologists and hygienists to develop an effective system of labor rationalization measures, a drinking regimen, air showers, rest rooms, etc., thanks to which cases of acute overheating and “convulsive illness” in hot shops disappeared. These measures have justified themselves in the work in the climate of the desert of Central Asia.

As thirst-quenching drinks that normalize water balance, carbonated or carbonated salt water, acidified tea, coc-tea (green tea), cherry broth, vitamin drinks, etc. are used.

The process of adaptation to the desert climate lasts about one week, it is possible that some adaptive changes last several weeks. As one of the criteria, it is taken into account that, as acclimatization occurs, a slower pulse is maintained, as well as more efficient sweating.

Particularly painful is the acclimatization of a person in the climate of humid tropical forests, where high air temperature and extremely high relative humidity (especially at night) are combined with almost complete calm, creating discomfort that causes the greatest overstrain of adaptation mechanisms. A person can endure very high heat, provided the air is dry, but a relatively small heat (for example, 32 °) soon becomes difficult for him to bear when the air is saturated with moisture. The upper limit of adaptation is considered to be t° 30-31° at a relative humidity of 85% and t° 40° at low relative humidity.

One should also take into account the spread of various tropical infections and invasions in a hot climate (tropical malaria, yellow fever, leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, etc.). These diseases and vitamin deficiencies greatly aggravate the process of acclimatization.

In hot countries, the rhythms of life and work of the indigenous population are adapted to natural conditions. The active life of people is limited to hours of early morning and evening coolness. The hottest midday hours are reserved for rest and relaxation (in shady places). In extremely uncomfortable conditions of tropical heat, an unaccustomed person needs an artificial microclimate of dwellings and working premises (air conditioning) for normal heat sensation and preservation of working capacity. The most important role is played by the implementation of preventive measures against tropical infections, as well as a rational diet and thirst quenching and hygienic clothing.

1.4. Acclimatization

With a long stay at a height in the body, a number of changes occur, the essence of which is to preserve the normal functioning of a person. This process is called acclimatization. Acclimatization is the sum of adaptive-compensatory reactions of the body, as a result of which a good general condition is maintained, weight constancy is maintained, normal working capacity and normal course psychological processes. Distinguish between complete and incomplete, or partial, acclimatization.

Due to the relatively short period of stay in the mountains, mountain tourists and climbers are characterized by partial acclimatization and adaptation - short-term (as opposed to final or long-term) adaptation of the body to new climatic conditions.

In the process of adaptation to a lack of oxygen in the body, the following changes occur:

Since the cerebral cortex is extremely sensitive to oxygen deficiency, the body in high altitude conditions primarily seeks to maintain proper oxygen supply to the central nervous system by reducing the supply of oxygen to other, less important organs;
- the respiratory system is largely sensitive to a lack of oxygen.

The respiratory organs react to the lack of oxygen first by deeper breathing (increasing its volume):

table 2

and then an increase in the frequency of breathing:

Table 3

As a result of some reactions caused by oxygen deficiency, not only the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells containing hemoglobin) increases in the blood, but also the amount of hemoglobin itself (Fig. 4). All this causes an increase in the oxygen capacity of the blood, that is, the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the tissues and thus supply the tissues with the necessary amount of it increases. It should be noted that the increase in the number of erythrocytes and the percentage of hemoglobin is more pronounced if the ascent is accompanied by an intense muscle load, that is, if the adaptation process is active. The degree and rate of growth in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content also depend on the geographical features of certain mountainous regions.

Increases in the mountains and the total amount of circulating blood. However, the load on the heart does not increase, since at the same time there is an expansion of capillaries, their number and length increase.

In the first days of a person's stay in high mountains (especially in poorly trained people), the minute volume of the heart increases, and the pulse increases. So, in physically poorly trained climbers at an altitude of 4500 m, the pulse increases by an average of 15, and at an altitude of 5500 m - by 20 beats per minute.

At the end of the acclimatization process at altitudes up to 5500 m, all these parameters are reduced to normal values characteristic of normal activities at low altitudes. The normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is also restored. However, at high altitudes (more than 6000 m), the pulse, respiration, and the work of the cardiovascular system do not decrease to normal values, because here some human organs and systems are constantly under certain stress. So, even during sleep at altitudes of 6500-6800 m, the pulse rate is about 100 beats per minute.

It is quite obvious that for each person the period of incomplete (partial) acclimatization has a different duration. It occurs much faster and with less functional deviations in physically healthy people aged 24 to 40 years. But in any case, a 14-day stay in the mountains under conditions of active acclimatization is sufficient for a normal organism to adapt to new climatic conditions.

To eliminate the likelihood of a serious illness with mountain sickness, as well as to reduce the time of acclimatization, the following set of measures can be recommended, carried out both before leaving for the mountains and during the trip.

Before a long alpine journey, which includes passes above 5000 m in the route of its route, all candidates must undergo a special medical and physiological examination. Persons who do not tolerate oxygen deficiency, are physically insufficiently prepared, and who have suffered pneumonia, tonsillitis or serious influenza during the pre-trek training period, should not be allowed to participate in such trips.

The period of partial acclimatization can be shortened if the participants of the upcoming trip, a few months before going to the mountains, start regular general physical training, especially to increase the endurance of the body: long-distance running, swimming, underwater sports, skating and skiing. During such training, a temporary lack of oxygen occurs in the body, which is the higher, the greater the intensity and duration of the load. Since the body works here in conditions that are somewhat similar in terms of oxygen deficiency to staying at a height, a person develops an increased resistance of the body to a lack of oxygen when performing muscular work. In the future, in mountainous conditions, this will facilitate adaptation to height, speed up the process of adaptation, and make it less painful.

You should be aware that for tourists who are physically unprepared for high-mountain Travel, the vital capacity of the lungs at the beginning of the trip even slightly decreases, the maximum working capacity of the heart (compared to trained participants) also becomes 8-10% less, and the reaction of increasing hemoglobin and erythrocytes with oxygen deficiency is delayed .

The following activities are carried out directly during the trip: active acclimatization, psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis, organization of appropriate nutrition, the use of vitamins and adaptogens (products that increase the efficiency of the body), a complete cessation of smoking and alcohol, systematic monitoring of health, the use of certain drugs.

Active acclimatization for climbing ascents and for high-mountain hiking trips has a difference in the methods of its implementation. This difference is explained primarily by the significant difference in the heights of the climbing objects. So, if for climbers this height can be 8842 m, then for the most prepared tourist groups it will not exceed 6000-6500 m (several passes in the region of the High Wall, Zaalai and some other ridges in the Pamirs). The difference lies in the fact that climbing to the peaks along technically difficult routes takes place over several days, and along difficult traverses - even weeks (without significant loss of height at certain intermediate stages), while in high-mountain hiking trips that have, as a rule, a greater length, it takes less time to overcome the passes.

Smaller heights, a shorter stay at these heights and a faster descent with a significant loss of altitude to a greater extent facilitate the process of acclimatization for tourists, and a sufficiently repeated alternation of ascents and descents softens, if not completely stops the development of mountain sickness.

Therefore, climbers during high-altitude ascents are forced at the beginning of the expedition to allocate up to two weeks for training (acclimatization) ascents to lower peaks, which differ from the main object of climbing to a height of about 1000 meters. For tourist groups, whose routes pass through passes with a height of 3000-5000 m, special acclimatization exits are not required. For this purpose, as a rule, it is enough to choose such a route route, in which during the first week - 10 days the height of the passes passed by the group would increase gradually.

Since the greatest malaise caused by the general fatigue of a tourist who has not yet become involved in the hiking life is usually felt in the first days of the hike, even when organizing a day trip at this time, it is recommended to conduct classes on movement technique, on the construction of snow huts or caves, as well as exploration or training exits. to height. These practical exercises and exits should be carried out at a good pace, which makes the body react faster to rarefied air, more actively adapt to changes in climatic conditions. N. Tenzing's recommendations are interesting in this regard: at a height, even at a bivouac, you need to be physically active - warm snow water, monitor the condition of the tents, check equipment, move more, for example, after setting up the tents, take part in the construction of a snow kitchen, help distribute prepared food by tents.

Proper nutrition is also essential in the prevention of mountain sickness. At an altitude of more than 5000 m, the daily diet should have at least 5000 large calories. The content of carbohydrates in the diet should be increased by 5-10% compared to the usual diet. In areas associated with intense muscle activity, first of all, an easily digestible carbohydrate - glucose should be consumed. Increased carbohydrate intake contributes to the formation more carbon dioxide, in which the body is deficient. The amount of fluid consumed in high altitude conditions, and especially when performing intensive work associated with movement along difficult sections of the route, should be at least 4-5 liters per day. This is the most decisive measure in the fight against dehydration. In addition, an increase in the volume of fluid consumed contributes to the removal of underoxidized metabolic products from the body through the kidneys.

The body of a person performing long-term intensive work in high altitude conditions requires an increased (2-3 times) amount of vitamins, especially those that are part of the enzymes involved in the regulation of redox processes and are closely related to metabolism. These are B vitamins, where B 12 and B 15 are most important, as well as B 1, B 2 and B 6. So, vitamin B 15, in addition to the above, helps to increase the body's performance at altitude, greatly facilitating the performance of large and intense loads, increases the efficiency of oxygen use, activates oxygen metabolism in tissue cells, and increases altitude stability. This vitamin enhances the mechanism of active adaptation to a lack of oxygen, as well as fat oxidation at altitude.

In addition to them, vitamins C, PP and folic acid in combination with iron glycerophosphate and metacil also play an important role. Such a complex has an effect on an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, that is, an increase in the oxygen capacity of the blood.

The acceleration of adaptation processes is also influenced by the so-called adaptogens - ginseng, eleutherococcus and acclimatizin (a mixture of eleutherococcus, lemongrass and yellow sugar). E. Gippenreiter recommends the following complex of drugs that increase the body's adaptability to hypoxia and facilitate the course of mountain sickness: eleutherococcus, diabazole, vitamins A, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12, C, PP, calcium pantothenate, methionine, calcium gluconate, calcium glycerophosphate and potassium chloride. The mixture proposed by N. Sirotinin is also effective: 0.05 g of ascorbic acid, 0.5 g of citric acid and 50 g of glucose per dose. We can also recommend a dry blackcurrant drink (in briquettes of 20 g) containing citric and glutamic acids, glucose, sodium chloride and phosphate.

How long, upon returning to the plain, does the organism retain the changes that have occurred in it during the process of acclimatization?

At the end of the journey in the mountains, depending on the altitude of the route, the changes acquired in the process of acclimatization in the respiratory system, blood circulation and the composition of the blood itself pass quickly enough. So, the increased content of hemoglobin decreases to normal in 2-2.5 months. Over the same period, the increased ability of the blood to carry oxygen also decreases. That is, the acclimatization of the body to the height lasts only up to three months.

True, after repeated trips to the mountains, the body develops a kind of "memory" for adaptive reactions to altitude. Therefore, at the next trip to the mountains, his organs and systems, already along the "beaten paths", quickly find the right way to adapt the body to a lack of oxygen.

The vast majority of vacationers prefer to travel to countries located in a hot climate zone. Undoubtedly, thinking that it is quite easy to get used to such climatic conditions, you are mistaken. The rapid rise in temperature affects the human body in the same way as other weather changes. Acclimatization is most difficult for elderly people and people suffering from chronic diseases. More often this is expressed by exhaustion, pain in the head, relapses of diseases, hypertension, insomnia and many other annoying manifestations. The climate in hot countries is of two types: 1) with dry air and 2) with high humidity. In the first case, acclimatization is less painful, a person sweats a lot, and, consequently, the heat transfer of his body increases and does not feel sudden changes in temperature. In another case, in which the air masses also have high humidity, getting used to climate change is much more difficult. In this case, as in the first, there is profuse sweating, but the evaporation of sweat does not occur. As a result, the regulation of the body's thermal processes is disrupted, and the human body simply overheats, the pulse quickens, breathing becomes difficult, blood circulates more slowly through the internal organs, dehydration and a number of other equally dangerous manifestations occur.

Tips for easy acclimatization.

By the middle of the holiday, all of the above symptoms will slowly subside. But there is hardly a person who dreams of spending half the holidays in a hotel room, experiencing discomfort. Therefore, it is better to take the advice and prepare your body in advance, so as not to experience inconvenience from acclimatization.

First, you should constantly cool and ventilate the room in which you are. The air in it should not "stagnate", otherwise you will constantly feel tired.

Secondly, properly quench your thirst. After eating, you can drink as much as you want, but in all other cases, just rinse your mouth with non-carbonated water to drink.

The third tip is about food. On vacation, try to eat like the locals, namely, eat twice a day - breakfast and dinner. Lunch should be skipped, you can only have a snack with non-calorie vegetable dishes or fruit cuts.

Wear lightweight clothing that should not hinder your movement. Ideal clothes in hot countries are made of linen, and do not forget panamas, hats, caps, scarves and other headwear.

Fifth, refresh yourself often. You can take a cool shower or just spray open areas body with cool water.

And finally, if your body temperature has risen, you need to bring it down by taking the appropriate drugs.

Any travel related to the shift climatic zones, can, as you know, cause you to feel unwell in a new place. This is especially true for people with poor health and, in general, for all those who, in principle, do not tolerate sudden changes. weather conditions. So any vacation in a region with an unusual climate can be a source of not only pleasure, but also dangers for the human body.

Human acclimatization is, in essence, a process of adaptation to changing climatic and geographical conditions, adaptation to new unusual environmental factors. There is a kind of restructuring of the body - habitual level its equilibrium with the external environment, which has developed in the conditions of a permanent place of residence, for some time (perhaps for a long time) is replaced by a new one, adapted to a changed environment with a different climate. As if “pulled out” of the familiar environment, the human body is forced to adapt to new conditions, restoring balance with the environment. And, of course, such a process is not always easily tolerated by people. Even healthy and accustomed to various loads people in the first days after a change of place may feel some discomfort, lose appetite, work capacity and have problems with sleep.

This is especially true in extreme climatic conditions. Let's say a person from the Urals suddenly leaves for Peru or a hot West African country, for example, Cameroon. In the first case, he will have to survive acclimatization in high altitude conditions with low oxygen content and atmospheric pressure. In the second - acclimatization in an extremely hot climate, combined with high humidity. Add the change of time zones to the climate change, and you get a not too cheerful picture of the first few days.

Acclimatization in a hot climate

Most tourists are concerned about the issue of acclimatization in the hot climate, which dominates the popular resorts, where thousands of vacationers flock every season. It’s understandable - I really don’t want the whole vacation to go down the drain because of possible problems with health. And they may well arise, especially in older people or those with chronic diseases, who traditionally endure climate change worse. Their usual signs of difficult acclimatization are general weakness, headaches, sleep disturbance, disorders of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and exacerbation of chronic diseases, such as, for example, hypertension, rheumatism, etc.

In some countries with a hot climate, a person acclimatizes more or less calmly. The main factor in this case is dry air, when the human body gives off heat through sweating. Sweat evaporating from the surface of the body thus maintains the necessary thermoregulation. True, in too arid or, for example, desert regions, the irritant is the ubiquitous dust, to which a person, however, also adapts over time.

Another thing is countries where high humidity and lack of wind superimpose on a hot climate. Here, sweat cannot evaporate so easily, which is why there is a violation of thermoregulation. The consequence of this is overheating of the body, increased breathing and heart rate, reduced blood supply to internal organs and some other not very pleasant phenomena. A person in such conditions is constantly thirsty.

In general, all these signs gradually soften and disappear during acclimatization, but many people still cannot fully adapt to such climatic conditions. Separately, it should be said that the process of acclimatization in hot countries with high humidity can lead to more serious consequences than a banal malaise. These are, for example, heat strokes caused by excessive overheating of the body, and heat cramps with a large loss of mineral salts with sweat.

All this, of course, can be prevented by various preventive methods. This is primarily cooling and air conditioning in the premises, as well as the correct water-salt regime - to drink, completely quench your thirst, it is only after eating, and the rest of the time just rinse your mouth. As for meals, it is best to do this in the morning and evening, avoiding the most difficult hours of the day. In hot regions, it is worth wearing loose and light clothing, as well as indulging in cool showers and rest breaks. Of course, it will not be superfluous to take pharmacy products with you on a trip, which may come in handy in a new place. Antipyretic drugs such as paracetamol, ibuprofen or diclofenac can be such drugs. Given the frequent cases of fever and overheating in the early days, their presence in the travel kit will be more than justified. Also, in some cases, lavomax can be useful, which suppresses the spread of the influenza virus, SARS and hepatitis, which often await vacationers at resorts.

Acclimatization in the mountains

Sometimes acclimatization in the mountains can be very difficult, especially in high mountain conditions, for example, while traveling in the Andes. The main factors responsible for poor health in such an area are low Atmosphere pressure and an insufficient amount of oxygen in the air, due to which a person at an altitude of over 2000 meters can develop oxygen starvation. When a person adapts to high-altitude conditions, ventilation of the lungs increases, the content of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood increases. Sometimes an increase in altitude leads to the fact that a person develops the so-called mountain, or altitude sickness, caused by oxygen starvation. The symptoms of this disease are well known - this is heart palpitations, shortness of breath, the appearance of tinnitus, constant headaches and dizziness, nausea, general weakness of the body and some others. In this case, the patient should stop climbing the mountains, go down to a lower area and be completely at rest. As therapeutic measures - breathing with oxygen and carbogen, warming the body with heating pads.

In order for mountain acclimatization to take place without serious problems, you should follow a few rules. Firstly, to follow a special climbing tactic, not overcoming more than 500 meters a day and staying at the reached height for a couple of days, which, for example, can be diversified by walking around the area and mountain villages. Trite - do not rush to rise. The overall diet should be reduced, since digestion works worse in high altitude conditions, and preference should be given to low-fat and acidic foods from food. Also in this climate, the body requires a large number of water (about 4 liters per day), and it would be useful to pamper him with hot food at least a couple of times a day. Pharmaceuticals that may be helpful during mountain acclimatization include multivitamins, enzymes, eubiotics, and brain boosters.

Acclimatization in cold climates

Briefly, we can also mention the features of acclimatization in the northern latitudes - after all, there are also many people who want to watch the aurora borealis or go on an Arctic cruise. In addition to the low temperatures that everyone is aware of, this region can also experience a lack of ultraviolet radiation (the so-called "light starvation") and strong magnetic storms that do not contribute to a satisfactory state of health. Violating the light regime, for example, leads to insomnia. Other possible unpleasant moments are loss of appetite, fatigue, drowsiness during the day. To facilitate acclimatization, it is worthwhile to properly organize nutrition, eating more high-calorie foods than usual (by 15-25%). The constant use of ascorbic acid and other vitamins will not interfere. Of course, you should also take care of warm and windproof clothing. It is not recommended to indulge in alcohol in a cold climate - here it only interferes with acclimatization.

In general, no matter how difficult the process of acclimatization in certain climatic zones, with a competent approach and minimal knowledge, its negative consequences can be largely avoided, and in the end the rest will not be hopelessly spoiled by health problems.