(see text in previous edition)

1. For the purpose of state regulation of emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air, the following are established:

(see text in previous edition)

maximum allowable emissions;

maximum allowable standards for harmful physical effects on atmospheric air;

technological emission standards;

technical emission standards.

2. Maximum allowable emissions are determined in relation to pollutants, the list of which is established by the Government Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation in the field of protection environment, for a stationary source and (or) a set of stationary sources by calculation on the basis of atmospheric air quality standards, taking into account the background level of atmospheric air pollution.

(see text in previous edition)

2.1. When determining the maximum allowable emissions (with the exception of emissions of radioactive substances), methods for calculating the dispersion of emissions of pollutants in the atmospheric air are used, approved by the federal executive body responsible for generating public policy and legal regulation in the field of environmental protection. Methods for the development and establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions of radioactive substances into the atmosphere are approved by the body authorized to exercise federal state supervision in the field of the use of atomic energy.

2.2. Programs for electronic computers used to calculate the dispersion of emissions of pollutants in the atmospheric air (with the exception of emissions of radioactive substances) are subject to examination, which is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of hydrometeorology and related fields, in order to recognize the compliance of these programs with the formulas and calculation algorithms included in the approved methods for calculating the dispersion of pollutant emissions in the atmospheric air.

An examination of a program for electronic computers used to calculate the dispersion of emissions of pollutants in the atmospheric air (with the exception of emissions of radioactive substances) is carried out at the expense of the owner of such a program in the manner established by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of environmental protection.

Expertise of the program for electronic computers used to calculate the dispersion of emissions of radioactive substances in the atmospheric air is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of the use of atomic energy.

2.3. The background level of atmospheric air pollution is determined on the basis of state atmospheric air monitoring data in accordance with methodological guidelines approved by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of environmental protection. If there are consolidated calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the territory locality, its part or on the territory of an industrial (industrial) park in relation to pollutants for which state monitoring of atmospheric air is not carried out, the background level of atmospheric air pollution is determined on the basis of the data of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution.

Rationing of emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air is necessary to comply with air quality standards. The main terms and definitions related to indicators of atmospheric pollution, the monitoring program, the behavior of impurities in the atmospheric air are defined by GOST 17.2.1.03-84 “Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Terms and definitions of pollution control”. The quality of atmospheric air in it refers to the degree to which atmospheric conditions meet the needs of people or other living organisms.

Up to a certain level of anthropogenic impact, acceptable atmospheric pollution is provided by nature itself with the help of self-cleaning processes. Pollutants are removed from it under the action of gravitational forces (only aerosols), washed out by atmospheric precipitation, and destroyed in the process of photochemical reactions. However, the ever-increasing technogenic impact on the air basin, especially in recent decades, has raised the question of the need to regulate its quality, for which standards are needed:

• a) air pollution by various substances;
• b) maximum allowable impacts on the atmosphere.

As mentioned above, ensuring the quality of atmospheric air involves the establishment of standards for the maximum permissible human impact on the atmosphere.

Under the influence is understood any anthropogenic activity associated with the implementation of economic, recreational, cultural interests of a person, introducing changes in the atmosphere of a physical, chemical or biological nature. The most common type of negative impact on the atmosphere is the release of chemical or biological pollutants (for example, micro-organisms-producers) into it.

The ultimate goal of setting these standards is to provide a scientifically based combination of environmental, social and economic interests of society. It must be clearly understood that compliance with environmental requirements always requires certain financial costs, which, of course, somewhat worsen the economic performance of any enterprise. Thus, compliance with the maximum permissible standards is a kind of compromise between environmental and purely economic requirements, a forced compromise that allows, on the basis of mutual interest, on the one hand, to develop the productive forces of society, on the other hand, to minimize negative impact technosphere on human health and well-being of other inhabitants of our pretty planet.

The standards are based on three indicators:

• medical - threshold level of threat to human health, its genetic program;
• technical - the ability of the economy to ensure compliance with the established limits of impact on humans and their environment;
• scientific and technical - ability technical means monitor compliance with established standards in all their parameters.

All atmospheric air quality standards are divided into three groups: a) sanitary and hygienic; b) environmental; c) helpers.

Sanitary and hygienic standards determine the indicators of atmospheric air quality for human health, this is the most developed part of the standards.

The second group establishes requirements for atmospheric air quality regarding the state of ecological systems (for example, forest communities or ichthyofauna). Few such standards have been developed to date.

Auxiliary standards are justified to ensure unity in the terminology used, in the activities organizational structures and legal regulation of environmental relations.

The state bodies approving the standards are the Ministry natural resources and Ecology of Russia and the Federal Service for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor, former State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation).

The main standard for air quality is maximum allowable concentration(MAC) - the maximum concentration of an impurity in the atmosphere, referred to a certain averaging time, which, under periodic exposure or throughout a person's life, does not have a harmful effect on him, including long-term consequences, and on the environment as a whole.

The MPC values ​​for pollutants in the air are given in terms of mg of a substance per 1 m 3 of air (mg/m 3). MPC values ​​are approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Russia. Depending on the averaging period, MPCs of atmospheric air in populated areas are divided into two groups:

• a) maximum one-time MPC mr (20-30 min averaging);
• b) average daily MPC SS (24 hours of averaging).

Maximum allowable concentration maximum one-time(MPC mr) - the concentration of a harmful substance in the air of populated areas that does not cause reflex (including subsensory) reactions in the human body when inhaled for 20 minutes.

The concept of MPC M p is used in the establishment of scientific and technical standards - the maximum permissible emissions of pollutants (MAP). Compliance with the MPE standard by the enterprise means that in the summary of the dispersion of its emissions in the atmosphere in the surface air layer at the border of the sanitary protection zone, the concentration harmful substances contained in the emissions, at any time will not exceed the MPC Ch r.

Maximum allowable concentration average daily(MAC SH.) - this is the concentration of a harmful substance in the air of populated areas, which should not have a direct or indirect effect on a person with an unlimited long (years) inhalation. Thus, MPC SS is designed for all population groups and for an indefinitely long period of exposure and, therefore, is the most stringent sanitary and hygienic standard that establishes the concentration of a harmful substance in the inhaled air.

It is the MPC SS value that usually acts as a criterion for assessing the well-being of the air environment in a residential area. However, it should be noted that, unfortunately, last years MPC SS values ​​have become a kind of units of measurement. In government reports, air pollution is described by enumerations such as: 5 MPC SS for nitrogen oxides, 3 MPC SS for formaldehyde, 2 MPC SS for soot. This approach not only does not contribute to the adequate interpretation of information, but simply minimizes its value. On the one hand, an illusion is created that MPC SS (or any other maximum allowable concentration) is just some special unit, and not an established standard for the maximum content of a harmful substance; on the other hand, there is an impression that it is impossible to describe, evaluate, explain the features of environmental pollution in a different way.

In table. 3.1 are presented for comparison of the MPC of some substances in the atmospheric air (instant single and average daily) and the MPC of the air of the working area.

Table 3.1

Ratio various kinds MPC in the air for some substances

It is noticeable that for the same substance the value of MPC pz (MPC of the working area) is much higher than the MPC mr. This is explained by the fact that people spend only part of the day at the enterprise and, in addition, children and elderly people with poor health cannot be there.

The values ​​of MPC rz and MPC mr (MPC av) are given in special documents - hygienic standards (GN) approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Russia, currently in force GN 2.1.6.1338-03 "Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of pollutants in the atmospheric air populated areas." As already mentioned, for some polluting (harmful) substances, instead of MPC, temporary hygienic regulations have been approved - SHEE, having the same dimension, mg / m 3. SHEL is established for a period of three years, after which it must be revised or replaced by the MPC value. As well as MPC, OBLI is approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, GN 2.1.6.1339-03 "Indicative safe exposure levels (OBLI) of pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas." MPC and SHEV are hygienic regulations for air pollution.

According to the degree of toxic effects on the human body, harmful substances are divided into four classes:

• 1 - extremely dangerous (mercury, lead, etc.);
• 2 - highly dangerous ( sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and etc.);
• 3 - moderately dangerous (xylene, tobacco dust, etc.);
• 4 - low-hazard (acetone, kerosene, etc.).

Harmful substances for which OBuv is installed instead of G1DK are not assigned a hazard class.

The process of substantiating the MPC value for any harmful substance is extremely long, laborious and expensive. For this:

• a) numerous experiments are carried out on experimental animals in order to establish thresholds for acute and chronic toxic effects;
• b) the human sense of smell is studied;
• c) the irritant effect on the mucous membranes is being investigated respiratory tract and eye;
• d) a comparative study of the incidence of the population in areas with clean and polluted air is carried out;
• e) an assessment is made of the indirect impact of pollution on humans by reducing the transparency of air, reducing the illumination of dwellings, and absorbing the most valuable - the ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum.

If the pollutant is odorable at concentrations that are much less than the onset of its toxic effect (eg mercaptans), then the odor threshold is taken as the main criterion (exposure threshold).

The process of substantiating such responsible regulations as the MPC standard is fraught with great uncertainty. The reasons for this lie:

• a) large intraspecific differences among the human population;
• b) the need to transfer the results of experiments conducted with experimental animals to humans (interspecies differences). Not surprisingly, MPC standards developed in different countries for some pollutants differ significantly (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2

Values ​​of average daily MPC, mg/m 3 , pollutants in the air in individual countries

As follows from Table. 3.2, domestic MPC standards are among the most stringent in the world.

Currently, in Russia MPCs are approved for more than 1,500 pollutants, and this list continues to grow. When normalizing air pollution, it should be taken into account that some harmful substances entering the atmospheric air are converted into other substances, often more toxic. For example, nitric oxide is oxidized to dioxide. When comparing expected calculated surface concentrations with MPCs, an appropriate recalculation should be made.

When rationing air pollution, one more circumstance must be taken into account: a number of substances, with their simultaneous presence in the air, have a synergistic effect (summation of harmful effects). In this case, the condition

An exhaustive list of substances that have the effect of summation of action is given in GN 2.1.6.1338-03, 52 such summation groups are known to date.

Environmental standards can be illustrated by the example of MPC standards in the air for vegetation MPC - maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air in the zone of forest plantations. To date, MPC standards for forests have been sufficiently developed only for specially protected areas (for example, for the territory where the museum-estate Yasnaya Polyana) or for emergency zones environmental situation(for example, for forests in the vicinity of the city of Bratsk). It is to be hoped that work in this direction will be continued.

As a result of the research, it was found that the forest reacts more sensitively to many substances contained in the air than a person (the maximum allowable concentrations for them are lower than for a person). To compare the maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air for humans and forest vegetation, see Table. 3.3.

MPC a b and MPC, pollutants in the air

Table 33

For a comparative assessment of air pollution, various indices are used, which allow taking into account the presence of several pollutants. The most common is the Comprehensive Air Pollution Index (InZA). It is calculated according to the formula

Where qcpi- average concentration of the i-th substance; MPC SS g - MPC SS for the i-th substance; a, - exponent for bringing the degree of harmfulness of the i-th substance to the harmfulness of sulfur dioxide, depending on the hazard class of the pollutant (Table 3.4); P - the amount of pollutants in the air.

Table FOR

Hazard reduction constants for substances of different hazard classes

Taking into account the hazard class allows a differentiated approach to the justification of the necessary preventive measures (for example, to safety measures when working with various substances), as well as a preliminary assessment of the comparative risk of exposure to certain substances on the human body (Table 3.5).

Table 3.5

Hazard classes of chemical compounds depending on

on the characteristics of their toxicity

To compare data on air pollution of different cities or city districts with several substances, complex atmospheric pollution indices should be calculated for the same amount L impurities. When compiling the annual list of cities with the highest level of air pollution, the values ​​of the unit indices of those five substances for which these values ​​are the highest are used to calculate the complex InZA. In most regions of Russia, these include suspended solids, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, benzapyrene, formaldehyde, and phenol. Suspended substances make a special contribution to atmospheric pollution, which can not only be toxic compounds, but also adsorb other toxic substances on their surface, including xenobiotics, dusts of biogenic origin, pathogenic microorganisms, thereby contributing to secondary air pollution.

Maximum allowable emission (G1DV) - the standard for the permissible emission of a harmful (polluting) substance into the atmospheric air, which is established for a stationary source of atmospheric air pollution, taking into account the technical standards for emissions and background air pollution, provided that this source does not exceed hygienic and environmental standards for atmospheric air quality, maximum allowable (critical) loads on ecological systems, other environmental standards . MPE is set for each source in such a way that the emissions of pollutants from this source, together with all sources of the enterprise, as a result of the dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere, do not create concentrations of substances in the surface air layer that exceed the MPC for the population, animals and flora. In other words, compliance with the NDV for the i-th pollutant means the fulfillment at the points located on the border of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise, inequality

Where cj- ground concentration i-th pollutant (its content in the atmospheric layer 0-2 m), mg/m 3 , created as a result of dispersion of emissions of this API; CD- - background concentration of the /-th pollutant in the atmospheric air. Background in relation to this API is the pollution of atmospheric air created by all other APIs, excluding this one; MPC mr/ - maximum one-time MPC of the i-th pollutant in the atmospheric air.

On the territory of resorts and rest houses, other recreational areas on the right side of (3.3), 1 should be replaced by 0.8. If there are pollutants in the atmosphere that have a summation of harmful effects, this effect must be taken into account according to equation (3.1).

In terms of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, a distinction is made between mass MPE, measured in g/s, and gross MPE, t/year, respectively.

The development and approval of the MPE for each IZA and the enterprise as a whole is carried out in accordance with GOST 17.2.3.02-78 “Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Rules for Establishing Permissible Emissions of Harmful Substances by Industrial Enterprises.

The maximum allowable emission standard is set for each source of air pollution. In the process of substantiating the MPE value, the condition for the full load of process and gas cleaning equipment and their normal operation is assumed.

The complexity of the work on substantiating MPEs is growing rapidly as both the number of sources and the diversity of their parameters (composition of emissions, height and diameter of pipes, gas temperature, etc.) increase. Even for small enterprises, this can be done only with the help of special computer programs.

If the ELV value justified by calculations for an operating enterprise cannot be achieved immediately for objective reasons, then a phased reduction in emissions is introduced. At each stage, for a certain period of time, an enterprise is assigned a standard for TSR (temporarily agreed emission). It is assumed that during the period of the ESV the enterprise will carry out atmospheric protection measures and reduce the amount of emissions into the atmosphere to the MPE.

• Federal Law of May 4, 1999 No. 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air".

GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

On the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it

Document as amended by:
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, N 17, 04/23/2007);
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 2009 N 351 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, N 18, 04.05.2009, (Part II));
(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, No. 9, February 28, 2011);
(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, N 37, 09/10/2012);
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 10.06.2013);
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 07/19/2017, N 0001201707190045).
____________________________________________________________________

In order to implement Articles 12 and 14 of the Federal Law "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air", the Government of the Russian Federation

decides:

1. Approve the attached Regulations on the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air and harmful physical effects on it.

2. Determine that the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended; as amended:

develops and approves methods (methods) for determining the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the air and temporarily agreed emissions; *2.1.2)
(The paragraph was supplemented by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78; as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

approves the maximum permissible standards for harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air, with the exception of the maximum permissible standards for harmful physical effects that have a negative impact on human health, methods for determining these standards and types of sources for which they are established;

the paragraph became invalid as of July 27, 2017 -.

3. The clause became invalid on July 27, 2017 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841 ..

Prime Minister
Russian Federation
V.Putin

REGULATIONS on the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it

APPROVED
Government Decree
Russian Federation
of March 2, 2000 N 183

1. This Regulation determines the procedure for the development and approval of standards for emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air, harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air and temporarily agreed emissions, as well as the issuance of permits for emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

2. In accordance with the Federal Law "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air", for the purpose of state regulation of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, the following emission standards are established:

the technical standard for the emission of a harmful (polluting) substance into the atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to as the technical emission standard);

the maximum allowable emission of a harmful (polluting) substance into the atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to as the maximum allowable emission).

3. Technical emission standards for certain types of stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, as well as for transport or other mobile vehicles and installations of all types that are sources of atmospheric air pollution, are established by technical regulations (paragraph as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 2007 N 229.

4. The clause became invalid on July 27, 2017 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841 ..

5. When developing standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air, methods for determining the maximum permissible emissions of harmful (polluting) substances in the atmospheric air, approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, are applied.

The development of standards for emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air is carried out in accordance with the methods for determining the standards for emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air established by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.

The standards for emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air are determined in relation to harmful (pollutant) substances included in the list of pollutants for which state regulation measures in the field of environmental protection are applied, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 8, 2015 N 1316-r.

When developing standards for maximum permissible emissions of radioactive substances into the atmosphere, methods (methods) approved by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision are used.
(Paragraph as amended, entered into force on July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

6. Maximum permissible emissions for a specific stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur as a whole or its individual production areas, taking into account all sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air of the specified legal entity, individual entrepreneur or their individual production areas, background air pollution and technical emission standards are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources (with the exception of radioactive substances) and the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (in relation to emissions of radioactive substances) in the presence of sanitary - an epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of these maximum allowable emissions sanitary rules
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

Compliance of maximum permissible emissions with sanitary rules is determined based on compliance with hygienic standards for atmospheric air quality.
(The paragraph is additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)
(Clause as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended

7. If it is impossible for a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur, having sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air, to comply with the maximum allowable emissions, the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources may establish for these sources in agreement with territorial bodies of other federal executive authorities temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air (hereinafter referred to as temporarily agreed emissions).

To establish temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances), a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur develops and approves a plan to reduce emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air for the period of phased achievement of maximum allowable emissions (hereinafter referred to as the plan), and also prepares proposals for possible terms stage-by-stage achievement of maximum allowable emissions (hereinafter respectively - proposals on the terms for achieving the standards, the terms for achieving the standards).

Proposals on the terms for achieving the standards for other facilities that have a negative impact on the environment cannot exceed 7 years.

The plan and proposals on the deadlines for achieving the standards are sent by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur to the appropriate territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Natural Resources Management, which submits proposals on the deadlines for achieving the standards to the appropriate state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for approval with the plan attached.

The state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, within a period not exceeding 15 working days from the date of receipt of proposals on the deadlines for achieving the standards, sends the approved deadlines for achieving the standards or a reasoned refusal to approve them to the appropriate territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Natural Resources Management.

The submission of these documents and information may be carried out, including in electronic form, using a unified system of interdepartmental electronic interaction in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 8, 2010 N 697 "On a unified system of interdepartmental electronic interaction" .
(Paragraph as amended, entered into force on July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

7_1. The grounds for the refusal by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to approve the deadlines for achieving the standards are the provision of incomplete, inaccurate or distorted information, as well as:

a) non-compliance with the deadlines for achieving the standards specified in the plan approved for the previous year;

b) re-inclusion in the plan of activities not completed during the implementation of the plan approved for the previous year;

c) inclusion in the plan of measures that do not ensure the achievement of maximum allowable emissions.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

7_2. Temporarily agreed emissions for the period of phased achievement of maximum allowable emissions are established by the territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Natural Resources Management within a period not exceeding 30 working days from the date of receipt of the deadlines for achieving the standards approved by the state authority of the relevant subject of the Russian Federation.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

8. The development of maximum permissible and temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) is provided by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur with stationary sources of emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the air, on the basis of project documentation (in relation to those under construction, commissioned commissioning of new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities) and inventory data of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air (in relation to existing objects of economic and other activities).
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

The development of maximum allowable releases of radioactive substances is provided by a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur who has stationary sources of releases of radioactive substances into the atmospheric air on the basis of project documentation (in relation to new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities put into operation) and inventory data of radioactive substances releases into the atmospheric air (in relation to existing objects of economic and other activities).
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.
(Item as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78.

9. Standards for maximum allowable emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources for a specific stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and their combination (organization as a whole).

The standards for maximum allowable emissions of radioactive substances are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision for a specific stationary source and their combination (organization as a whole).
(Paragraph as amended, entered into force on July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841.

9_1. To establish standards for maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances), legal entities, individual entrepreneurs with stationary sources, submit to the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources at the place of their economic and other activities statement on the establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions, containing the following information:

a) full and abbreviated names in accordance with the constituent documents, organizational and legal form, place of state registration, location, telephone number, address Email(if any), main state registration number, individual taxpayer number - for a legal entity, as well as last name, first name, patronymic (if any), place of residence, phone number, e-mail address (if any), details of the main identity document, the main state registration number of an individual entrepreneur, an individual taxpayer number - for an individual entrepreneur;

b) the location of individual production areas;

c) information on background air pollution, on the basis of which the concentration of harmful (polluting) substances in the air was calculated;

d) availability of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the maximum allowable emissions with sanitary rules.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_2. The following materials are attached to the application:

a) inventory data of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air - in relation to existing facilities of economic and other activities, or project documentation data - in relation to new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities under construction, commissioning, and (or) reconstructed;

b) project of maximum allowable emissions.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_3. To establish temporarily agreed emissions, legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, in addition to the information specified in paragraph 9.2 of this Regulation, also submit a draft plan.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_4. To establish the standards for maximum allowable emissions and temporarily agreed emissions, these legal entities, individual entrepreneurs can send an application and documents in the form of an electronic document signed with an enhanced qualified electronic signature using the federal state information system"Single portal of state and municipal services (functions)".
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_5. The territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources consider the application, materials and draft plan submitted by legal entities, individual entrepreneurs for setting standards for maximum allowable emissions or temporarily agreed emissions and make a decision to establish standards for maximum allowable emissions and temporarily agreed emissions or a decision to refuse their establishment (with a reasoned justification).
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_6. The grounds for refusal to set standards for maximum allowable emissions are the provision of incomplete, inaccurate or distorted information, as well as:

a) the availability of information, confirmed by the results of state supervision in the field of atmospheric air protection, about the unreliability of the presented data on the inventory of emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air (on the quantitative and qualitative composition of emissions, as well as on the characteristics of emission sources);

b) discrepancy between the data used in the development of the draft standards for maximum permissible emissions, the data of the project documentation (in relation to the construction, commissioning of new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities) or the data of the inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air ( in relation to existing objects of economic and other activities), including an indication of an incomplete list of emitted harmful (polluting) substances;

c) the presence of arithmetic errors in the developed draft standards for maximum allowable emissions (taking into account measurement errors);

d) the presence in the developed draft standards of maximum permissible emissions of substances, the volume or mass of emissions of which exceed the maximum permissible emissions.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_7. The grounds for refusal to establish temporarily agreed emissions are:

a) provision of incomplete, unreliable or distorted information for establishing temporarily agreed emissions;

b) a reasoned refusal of state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to approve the deadlines for achieving the standards;

c) an indication as the final indicators of the plan of volumes or masses of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances that exceed the maximum allowable emissions.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_8. The establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) is formalized by the decision of the territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources in the form approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_9. Standards for maximum permissible emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) are set for 7 years.

Temporarily agreed releases (with the exception of radioactive substances) are established for the time limits for achieving the standards approved by the state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) is formalized by the decision of the territorial body of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources in the form approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

9_10. The territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources within 5 working days after the establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) send a copy of the decision on their establishment to the appropriate state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and also inform the territorial body Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the establishment of temporarily agreed emissions and deadlines for achieving standards.

The territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision inform the state authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation about the standards for maximum permissible emissions of radioactive substances into the atmospheric air established for stationary sources located at economic and other activities.

Emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air by stationary sources located at objects of economic and other activities subject to federal state environmental supervision are allowed on the basis of a permit issued by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Natural Resources Management.

A permit for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air by stationary sources located at facilities of economic and other activities subject to federal state environmental supervision is issued simultaneously with the establishment of standards for maximum permissible emissions and temporarily agreed emissions.

A permit for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air is issued for a period corresponding to the period for which the standards for maximum permissible emissions are established.

A permit for temporarily agreed emissions (with the exception of radioactive substances) is issued for 1 year, provided that the legal entity, individual entrepreneur fulfills the plan and achieves the planned indicators for the gradual reduction of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air.

Emissions of radioactive substances into the air by stationary sources located at economic and other activities are allowed on the basis of a permit issued by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision.

Emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air by stationary sources located at the facilities of economic and other activities, subject to regional state environmental supervision, are allowed on the basis of a permit issued by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that carry out public administration in the field of environmental protection.
(The paragraph was additionally included from July 27, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 14, 2017 N 841)

10. The form of permission for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances (with the exception of radioactive substances) into the atmospheric air is approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 22, 2009 N 351; supplemented by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 15, 2011 N 78.

The procedure for issuing and the form of permits for emissions of radioactive substances into the atmosphere are approved by the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (the paragraph was additionally included by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78).

11. Sources of emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air and lists of harmful (pollutant) substances subject to state accounting and regulation, for legal entities, territories of urban and other settlements and their parts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation as a whole are established on the basis of data on the results of an inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and their sources in the manner determined by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (paragraph as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 2009 N 351.

12. Standards for harmful physical impacts on the atmospheric air are established by permits issued by the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources Management and the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, approved respectively by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation and the Federal Service for Supervision in the Field of consumer protection and human welfare form.
(Clause as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2007 N 229; as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 2009 N 351; as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 15, 2011 N 78; as amended by from September 18, 2012 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 4, 2012 N 882; as amended, put into effect on June 18, 2013 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2013 N 476.

13. Fees may be levied for the issuance of permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

On the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it (with changes as of July 14, 2017)

In the vast majority of modern technological processes, various pollutants are emitted into the atmospheric air. At the same time, sources of atmospheric pollution (API) can be organized or unorganized. According to federal law“On Environmental Protection” establishes environmental standards for atmospheric air quality - maximum allowable concentrations of air pollutants.

The main contribution to air pollution is made by organized sources of pollutant emissions (pipes, ventilation shafts, aeration lamps), so we will focus on them.

The task of standardization of pollutant emissions is to establish for each source of atmospheric pollution such a limit value of the emission so that in the surface layer of the atmosphere the concentration of any substance emitted by it does not exceed the MPC values.

Consider one organized source of air pollution - the chimney of a boiler house. It is known that during the combustion of organic fuels (natural gas, coal, firewood, fuel oil, etc.), the flue gases contain various pollutants:

1. Natural gas: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides.

2. Coal: particulate matter (ash), carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, benzapyrene, sulfur dioxide.

3. Fuel oil: particulate matter (fuel oil ash), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide.

The chimney is characterized by a number of parameters: height, diameter of the mouth, volume flow of flue gases, their temperature. All these parameters affect the dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere.

In addition, it is necessary to know the magnitude of the mass release of each pollutant, g/s.

The smoke stream, getting from the chimney into the atmosphere, is carried downwind, and at the same time, it is dispersed in the horizontal and vertical directions. The dispersion process strongly depends on the nature of atmospheric diffusion, and it, in turn, on the existing this moment weather conditions. The process of dispersion of impurities is affected by the wind speed, its distribution with height, the vertical course of temperature, the nature of the underlying surface, and the features of the terrain.

There are also regional features of atmospheric diffusion processes, all these and other factors are taken into account in mathematical model dispersion of impurities.

If we depict on the graph the course of surface concentration as we move away from the pipe, then we get a characteristic curve shown in Fig. 3.1.

Industrial and economic development is accompanied, as a rule, by an increase in environmental pollution. Majority major cities are characterized by a significant concentration of industrial facilities in relatively small areas, which poses a danger to human health.

One of the environmental factors that have the most pronounced impact on human health is air quality. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere present a particular danger. This is due to the fact that toxicants enter the human body mainly through the respiratory tract.

Air Emissions: Sources

Distinguish between natural and anthropogenic sources of pollutants in the air. The main impurities that contain atmospheric emissions from natural sources are dust of cosmic, volcanic and vegetable origin, gases and smoke resulting from forest and steppe fires, products of destruction and weathering of rocks and soils, etc.

The levels of air pollution by natural sources are of a background nature. They change little over time. The main sources of pollutants entering the air basin are present stage are anthropogenic, namely - industry (various industries), Agriculture and vehicles.

Emissions from enterprises into the atmosphere

The largest "suppliers" of various pollutants to the air basin are metallurgical and energy enterprises, chemical production, construction industry, mechanical engineering.

In the process of burning fuels of various types, energy complexes emit into the atmosphere large quantities sulfur dioxide, oxides of carbon and nitrogen, soot. A number of other substances are also present in emissions (in smaller quantities), in particular hydrocarbons.

The main sources of dust and gas emissions in metallurgical production are melting furnaces, pouring plants, pickling departments, sintering machines, crushing and grinding equipment, unloading and loading of materials, etc. The largest share among the total amount of substances entering the atmosphere is carbon monoxide, dust, sulfur dioxide, Nitric oxide. Manganese, arsenic, lead, phosphorus, mercury vapours, etc. are emitted in somewhat smaller quantities. Also, in the process of steelmaking, emissions into the atmosphere contain vapor-gas mixtures. They include phenol, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia and a number of other hazardous substances.

Harmful emissions into the atmosphere from the industry, despite their small volumes, pose a particular danger to the environment and humans, since they are characterized by high toxicity, concentration and considerable diversity. The mixtures entering the air, depending on the type of products produced, may contain volatile organic compounds, fluorine compounds, nitrous gases, solids, chloride compounds, hydrogen sulfide, etc.

In the production of building materials and cement, emissions into the atmosphere contain significant amounts of various dusts. The main technological processes leading to their formation are grinding, processing of batches, semi-finished products and products in hot gas flows, etc. Contamination zones with a radius of up to 2000 m can form around plants that produce various building materials. They are characterized by a high concentration of dust in the air containing particles of gypsum, cement, quartz, and a number of other pollutants.

Vehicle emissions

IN major cities A huge amount of pollutants in the atmosphere comes from motor vehicles. According to various estimates, they account for 80 to 95%. consist of a large number toxic compounds, in particular nitrogen and carbon oxides, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, etc. (about 200 compounds in total).

Emissions are highest at traffic lights and intersections, where vehicles are moving at low speeds and idling. The calculation of emissions into the atmosphere shows that the main components of the emissions in this case are also hydrocarbons.

At the same time, it should be noted that, unlike stationary sources of emissions, the operation of vehicles leads to air pollution on city streets at the height of human growth. As a result, pedestrians, residents of houses located along the roads, as well as vegetation growing in adjacent areas are exposed to the harmful effects of pollutants.

Agriculture

Impact on a person

According to various sources, there is a direct link between air pollution and a number of diseases. So, for example, the duration of the course of respiratory diseases in children who live in relatively polluted areas is 2-2.5 times longer than in those who live in other areas.

In addition, in cities characterized by unfavorable environmental conditions, children showed functional deviations in the system of immunity and blood formation, violations of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms to environmental conditions. Many studies have also found a link between air pollution and human mortality.

The main components of air emissions from various sources are suspended solids, oxides of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur. It was revealed that the zones with exceeding the MPC for NO 2 and CO cover up to 90% of the urban area. These macro-components of emissions can cause serious diseases. The accumulation of these contaminants leads to damage to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, the development of pulmonary diseases. In addition, elevated concentrations of SO 2 can cause dystrophic changes in the kidneys, liver and heart, and NO 2 - toxicosis, congenital anomalies, heart failure, nervous disorders, etc. Some studies have found a relationship between the incidence of lung cancer and the concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 in the air.

conclusions

Pollution of the environment and, in particular, the atmosphere, has adverse effects on the health of not only the present, but also future generations. Therefore, we can safely say that the development of measures aimed at reducing emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere is one of the most urgent problems of mankind today.