accounting      04.12.2021

SEAL Squad: One Hit, One Loss! US Navy SEAL and Army Special Forces Basic Training Program for SEALs

SEALs - United States Navy SEALs ( SE a, A ir and L and) (literally "Seals") - the legendary, as well as the main tactical unit of the Special Operations Forces (SSO) of the Navy, which is operationally subordinate to the Special Operations Command (SSO) of the US Armed Forces (U.S. Special Operation Command, USSOCOM).
According to many military analysts, today the US SEALs are the most trained and equipped unit in the world, on a par with the US elite units Delta, FORECON, MARSOC.
This is the elite of the American special forces.

SEAL Tasks

United States Navy SEALs are designed for:
- conducting reconnaissance,
- carrying out special and sabotage activities, search and rescue operations,
- covering the main forces,
- guidance of artillery fire,
— demining and mining,
— ensuring communications in areas where fighting,
– combating maritime terrorism and illegal crossing of maritime state borders countries,
- fulfillment of other tasks facing the MTR.

Structure of SEAL units

The main unit within the SEAL is a separate detachment (battalion) of the Special Forces ( special purpose), consisting of:
- the commander of the detachment, who, as a rule, has the rank of captain of the 3rd, sometimes captain of the 2nd rank of the US Navy,
- headquarters:
⚓ - chief of staff of the detachment with the rank of lieutenant commander (or lieutenant of the Navy) (Operations, N3),
⚓ - operational officer (Plans and Targeting, N5),
⚓ - head of the reconnaissance detachment (Intelligence, N2),
⚓ - deputy commander of the combat training detachment (Administrative support, N1),
⚓ - Deputy commander of the detachment for the rear (Logistics, N4),
⚓ - head of the MSS / medical service of the detachment (Air / Medical, N8),
- detachment management support groups:
⚓ - two security platoons of 16-20 fighters with a MTO company,
- 3 separate special-purpose companies (squadron) of 40 fighters each:
⚓ - company commander (Navy officer with the rank of lieutenant commander),
⚓ - two deputies (Navy officers with the rank of lieutenant of the Navy).
The standard number of personnel of a separate US Navy special forces detachment with support units is up to 300 people.

Location of SEAL bases

The main base for the deployment of US Navy SEAL units are:
on the Atlantic coast of the USA:
⚓ - Military unit "Little Creek" of the landing forces of the Navy (as part of the main military unit of the US Navy "Norfolk"),
⚓ - Naval aviation garrison of the Okean military unit (settlement of Dam Neck, Virginia), where a separate regiment of the Special Forces of the Naval Forces to combat terrorism at sea is stationed.

on the US Pacific Coast:
⚓ - Military unit "Coronado" of the amphibious forces of the Navy (as part of the military unit of the US Navy "San Diego" .

The Naval Special Warfare Command and the Naval Special Warfare Center are quartered here.

SEAL History

It is generally accepted that the history of "fur seals" began from the time civil war(1861), when the northern troops used swimmers to detect mines.
The first special units of the US Navy were created in 1943, when the Americans made an attempt to learn from the experience of the military, who were then fighting in the jungles of Burma against the Japanese, and create a similar force. It is quite justified that the British military became the first instructors of the new unit. In those years, US Navy SEALs were active participants in the bloodiest operations of World War II, including on the island of Iwo Jima and during the Allied landings in Normandy.
The modern Naval Special Forces Corps was formed in 1962 after the US military handed the former US President John F. Kennedy an analytical note explaining the need to create a special unit on the basis of the US Navy capable of performing sabotage tasks on the territory of a mock enemy - countries Warsaw Pact, Cuba and Vietnam.
Since 2001, the US government has allocated about $10.5 billion for the needs of the Special Operations Headquarters. At the same time, the number of business trips also increased (approximately 4 times).
Admiral W. McRain, who commanded this special unit, asked the authorities many times for more resources and autonomy. According to some sources, the admiral wanted to expand his forces in Africa, Asia and Latin America, as well as to achieve the ability to personally make decisions about movements military equipment and manpower, if necessary, in order to increase the flexibility and speed of operations.

US Navy SEAL Training

The physical training of US Navy SEALs is of paramount importance.
The main SEAL training methods were borrowed from combat swimmers - UDT (Underwater Demolition Teams) units. Until 1983, when the UDT was disbanded, the main backbone of the SEAL was formed precisely from the fighters of this detachment, and those who planned to become a "fur seal" were trained in it. Only 10% of recruits go through all the stages of a tough training process and receive the coveted SEAL emblem, which is commonly called "Budweiser" in slang (an eagle with an anchor in its claws, a trident and a flintlock pistol).
Program physical training"fur seals" is divided into several multi-week cycles, which are based on the principle of increasing loads. Thus, if in the first week of the nine-week course recruits do 3 sets of 15 push-ups and run 2 miles, then in the ninth week they run 6 miles and do 6 sets of 30 push-ups.
At week 18 (the second nine-week cycle), fighters are already doing 20 sets of 20 push-ups.
The SEAL fitness program includes a large number of special trainings, forced marches in conditions close to combat.

In order to instill in the fur seals the understanding that the aquatic environment is not hostile to them, special attention is paid to actions in the water. The soldiers of this special unit are constantly improving their swimming skills: they are taught to swim in extreme conditions, with long breath holdings, with a load, with hands and feet tied.
Of no small importance is also the psychological preparation of the SEALs, during which they are taught to remain calm in the most extraordinary situations, deliberately overestimating the level of stress.
Psychologists working with them identify 4 main factors that fighters should consider in critical situations:
- clearly and correctly set goals;
- visualize the stages of achieving these goals;
- be able to maintain a positive attitude and conduct an internal dialogue;
- be able to keep stress under control.










SEAL attributes

Information sources:

1. Wikipedia site
2. official website of the special forces

There is often debate about which special forces units are best prepared. No wonder the fighters of the Delta Force (USA) and SAS (UK) are trained in similar programs.

On Friday, April 29, 2011, Barack Obama ordered the most important operation in modern history USA: storm the house in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad, where Osama bin Laden was hiding. To carry out such a difficult task, fraught with the most unpredictable episodes, the American president chose a small group from the tactical unit of the Navy "Navy Seals" (Navy Seals), which during the shootout destroyed the leader of al-Qaeda on the night of May 1.

Two years later, information was leaked that only two of the members of Team 6, that is, the same fighters from the SEALs who finished with terrorist number 1, survived after the death of 22 out of 25 in a plane crash in Afghanistan -ty of its members. According to the newspaper Corriere della Sera, in April last year, another fighter died during an unsuccessful parachute jump. The high death rate proves once again that this group, consisting of the toughest selection of fighters, is at constant risk.

The SEAL tactical unit was created after one of the biggest US military setbacks. In 1962, after the failed landing of Cuban mercenaries in the Bay of Pigs in Cuba, President Kennedy approved the creation of a select amphibious assault force capable of raiding deep into enemy territory. They were baptized by fire in Vietnam, where the nature of the terrain and the lack of a clearly defined front line required the participation of special forces. Modeled on the British Navy's Special Operations Group, the SEALs were tasked with, among other things, monitoring and patrolling the Mekong River in their speedboats.

It was then that the United States began to use them for the most complex operations that had to be carried out with almost surgical precision. Among the most famous successes should be mentioned the liberation of the transatlantic liner "Achille Lauro", as well as the captain Richard Phillips, kidnapped by Somali pirates, participation in the landing on Granada in 1983, and also participation in the Iraq war in 2003, the largest in the history of this unit. . Information was also leaked about some of the failures of the SEALs, in particular, an attempt to capture the President of Panama, Manuel Antonio Noriega, during the invasion of this country, as well as a failed hostage rescue operation at the US Embassy in Tehran in 1980.

When selecting candidates for this kind of tasks, candidates from the male Navy servicemen not older than 28 years are considered. The training process lasts six months, and its culmination is a training called "A Week in Hell": for five days, future commandos are constantly cold, hungry and unable to sleep. This "Week in Hell" is taking place at Base Coronado, California, where half of the 2,500 members of the SEALs currently in service have been trained. The rest trained at Little Creek Base in Virginia, with the exception of 300 troops believed to be part of Team 6 stationed at Dam Neck, also in Virginia.

During selection, it screens out up to 90% of candidates. During the tests, it is necessary to run 24 kilometers, swim three kilometers in open-air reservoirs and endure great physical exertion. In general, the training lasts a year and a half, then another year already as part of the unit, after which the fighters go on their first combat mission.

The SEALs usually operate in a platoon of eight, although, depending on the nature of the operation, they may work in pairs or in in full force, where everyone has their own specialization: demolition, electronics, route planning, health care and so on.

The mysterious and formidable Russian "special forces"

The activities of the Russian special forces, the eternal enemy of the Navy SEALs in the years cold war, has always been shrouded in a dense veil of mystery, which turned it into a kind of myth. Although the very concept of “special forces” refers to all parts of the special forces of the Soviet and Russian era, two of them are especially distinguished by the level of training: the GRU special forces, which is structurally part of the military intelligence service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the FSB special forces, which is engaged in countering terrorism.

Despite numerous videos posted on the Internet and telling about how the special forces operate, the details of its training are still classified. These units were created in the 50s of the last century, at the height of the Cold War. Initially, they were trained to perform various covert operations, including infiltration, as well as to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage activities. But after the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the special forces emerged from the shadows and became actively involved in the fighting.

According to the few information that we know, the special forces pay great attention to hand-to-hand combat. They mainly use the sambo wrestling techniques developed in the Soviet Union. In addition, much of the training takes place with the use of live ammunition and explosives, resulting in one of the highest death rates among special forces units in the world.

Nevertheless, in their structure they are similar to other parts of the special purpose. Each special forces unit consists of 8-10 fighters operating under the command of an officer. They are trained in handling explosives, aimed shooting, radio communications and reconnaissance on the ground.

Among the failures of the special forces and, above all, the FSB special forces, in conducting anti-terrorist operations, one should mention the assault high school in Beslan on September 3, 2004, captured by Islamist militants two days before. It all ended in a chaotic assault, which was launched by the anti-terrorist unit "Alpha". Subsequently, servicemen of the Armed Forces and Internal Troops joined him. The result - 370 dead.

As well as SAS and Delta Force

The Russian special forces and the SEAL squad are quite well known in the world, and especially in terms of mass media, but there are other elite units undergoing similar training. In particular, the Special air service(SAS) and Marine Special Forces (SBS) of the Royal Armed Forces of Great Britain were created during the Second World War and became a kind of prototype for the special forces units that appeared later. Among other tests, candidates must pass through the mountain ranges of Wales, carrying 25 kilograms of cargo, and live for a month in the rainforest.

In the same United States, there are other well-trained special forces, for example, the 75th Ranger Regiment, the Green Berets (fighting insurgents, guerrillas, training foreign military personnel), and, of course, the 1st Operational Detachment of the Delta Special Purpose » (Delta Force). It was created in 1977 by Colonel Charles Beckwith, who had previously trained SAS fighters in Great Britain for a long time. Delta Squad accepts men with the rank of sergeant over 21 who have served at least two and a half years in the military and successfully passed the tests, no different from those that are candidates for the SAS and the Navy SEALs.

Unlike the aforementioned Special Forces forces, the Delta Squad tends to operate covertly on more sensitive missions. On military bases, they wear civilian clothes, and their area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation includes the United States.

The Israeli Sayeret Matkal detachment and the special forces of the French Navy also enjoy great international prestige.

The materials of InoSMI contain only assessments of foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI.

The activities of Russian special forces, a well-known adversary of the SEALs, have always been shrouded in a thick veil of secrecy during the Cold War. Despite this, the debate about which parts are better prepared does not subside. ABC (Spain) writes about the special forces of different countries and tries to understand who has stronger fighters.

There is often debate about which special forces units are best prepared. No wonder the fighters of the Delta Force (USA) and SAS (UK) are trained in similar programs.

On Friday, April 29, 2011, Barack Obama ordered the most important operation in modern US history: to storm the house in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad, where Osama bin Laden was hiding. To carry out such a difficult task, fraught with the most unpredictable episodes, the American president chose a small group from the tactical unit of the Navy "Navy Seals" (Navy Seals), which, during a shootout, destroyed the leader of Al-Qaeda (a terrorist organization banned in the Russian Federation - approx. ed.) on the night of May 1.

Two years later, information was leaked that only two of the members of Team 6, that is, the same fighters from the SEALs who finished with terrorist number 1, survived after the death of 22 out of 25 in a plane crash in Afghanistan -ty of its members. According to the newspaper Corriere della Sera, in April last year, another fighter died during an unsuccessful parachute jump. The high death rate proves once again that this group, consisting of the toughest selection of fighters, is at constant risk.

The SEAL tactical unit was created after one of the biggest US military setbacks. In 1962, after the failed landing of Cuban mercenaries in the Bay of Pigs, Cuba, President Kennedy approved the creation of a select amphibious assault force capable of raiding deep into enemy territory. They had their baptism of fire in Vietnam, where the nature of the terrain and the lack of a clearly defined front line required the participation of special forces. Modeled on the British Navy's Special Operations Group, the SEALs were tasked with, among other things, monitoring and patrolling the Mekong River in their speedboats.

It was then that the United States began to use them for the most complex operations that had to be carried out with almost surgical precision. Among the most famous successes should be mentioned the liberation of the transatlantic liner "Achille Lauro", as well as the captain Richard Phillips, kidnapped by Somali pirates, participation in the landing on Granada in 1983, and also participation in the Iraq war in 2003, the largest in the history of this unit . Information was also leaked about some of the failures of the SEALs, in particular, an attempt to capture the President of Panama, Manuel Antonio Noriega, during the invasion of this country, as well as a failed hostage rescue operation at the US Embassy in Tehran in 1980.

When selecting candidates for this kind of tasks, candidates from the male Navy servicemen not older than 28 years are considered. The training process lasts six months, and its culmination is a training called "A Week in Hell": for five days, future commandos are constantly cold, hungry and unable to sleep. This "Week in Hell" is taking place at Base Coronado, California, where half of the 2,500 members of the SEALs currently in service have been trained. The rest trained at Little Creek Base in Virginia, with the exception of 300 troops believed to be part of Team 6 stationed at Dam Neck, also in Virginia.

During selection, it screens out up to 90% of candidates. During the tests, it is necessary to run 24 kilometers, swim three kilometers in open-air reservoirs and endure great physical exertion. In general, the training lasts a year and a half, then another year already as part of the unit, after which the fighters go on their first combat mission.

SEALs usually operate in a platoon of eight, although depending on the nature of the operation, they can work in pairs or in full force, where each has his own specialization: demolition, electronics, route planning, medical assistance and so on.

The mysterious and formidable Russian "special forces"

The activities of the Russian special forces, the eternal enemy of the Navy Seals during the Cold War, have always been shrouded in a dense veil of secrecy, which turned it into a kind of myth. Although the very concept of "special forces" refers to all parts of the special forces of the Soviet and Russian era, two of them are especially distinguished by the level of training: the GRU special forces, which is structurally part of the military intelligence service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the FSB special forces, which is engaged in countering terrorism.

Despite numerous videos posted on the Internet and telling about how the special forces operate, the details of its training are still classified. These units were created in the 50s of the last century, at the height of the Cold War. Initially, they were trained to perform various covert operations, including infiltration, as well as to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage activities. But after the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the special forces emerged from the shadows and became actively involved in the fighting.

According to the few information that we know, the special forces pay great attention to hand-to-hand combat. They mainly use the sambo wrestling techniques developed in the Soviet Union. In addition, much of the training takes place with the use of live ammunition and explosives, resulting in one of the highest death rates among special forces units in the world.

Nevertheless, in their structure they are similar to other parts of the special purpose. Each special forces unit consists of 8-10 fighters operating under the command of an officer. They are trained in handling explosives, aimed shooting, radio communications and reconnaissance on the ground.

Among the failures of the special forces and, above all, the FSB special forces, in conducting anti-terrorist operations, one should mention the storming of a secondary school in Beslan on September 3, 2004, two days earlier captured by Islamist militants. It all ended in a chaotic assault, which was launched by the anti-terrorist unit "Alpha". Subsequently, servicemen of the Armed Forces and Internal Troops joined him. The result - 370 dead.

As well as SAS and Delta Force

The Russian special forces and the Navy SEALs are well known in the world, and especially in the media, but there are other elite units undergoing similar training. In particular, the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Marine Special Forces (SBS) of the Royal Armed Forces of Great Britain were created during the Second World War and became a kind of prototype for the special forces units that appeared later. Among other tests, candidates must pass through the mountain ranges of Wales, carrying 25 kilograms of cargo, and live for a month in the rainforest.

In the same United States, there are other well-trained special forces, for example, the 75th Ranger Regiment, the Green Berets (fighting insurgents, guerrillas, training foreign military personnel), and, of course, the 1st Operational Detachment of the Delta Special Purpose » (Delta Force). It was created in 1977 by Colonel Charles Beckwith, who had previously trained SAS fighters in Great Britain for a long time. Delta Squad accepts men with the rank of sergeant over 21 who have served at least two and a half years in the military and successfully passed the tests, no different from those that are candidates for the SAS and the Navy SEALs.

Unlike the aforementioned Special Forces forces, the Delta Squad tends to operate covertly on more sensitive missions. On military bases, they wear civilian clothes, and their area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation includes the United States.

Throughout the history of its existence, mankind has evolved in many areas of its direct activity. Sadly, not all of them are positive. One of these is war. Through violence, people have achieved their goals for many centuries in a row, whether it is the seizure of new territories or the extraction of resources. Almost any conflict subsequently became a military one.

To date, the trends in international politics have changed significantly. However, practically none of the existing states has yet given up its military power, that is, the armed forces. On the contrary, in many countries there are special military units, the art of which is made up of real legends. As a rule, formations of this kind implement quite specific tasks, which, in turn, are practically unrealistic to perform under the conditions of using standard forces and means. These units include the SEALs (USA). In the article we will consider the features of this unit, as well as the process of its formation and the history of its appearance.

What are "Navy Seals"?

As the author has already pointed out earlier, in each country there are elite units that are engaged in the implementation of specific tasks. The US Army SEALs are one such military formation. But speaking in a purely scientific language, these units are part of the structure of the special operations forces. These formations, in turn, are endowed with a number of unique functions. Their implementation requires special training of fighters and the use of special means.

Functions of special military units

Their main functions include the following tasks, namely:

Implementation of special and sabotage measures;

Search and rescue operations;

Fulfillment of tasks of a different nature that are assigned to

Thus, the SEALs (USA) carry out reconnaissance and sabotage activities. In combat conditions, the role of such units is simply irreplaceable. Because they work discreetly and quietly. In this case, it should be noted that in addition to sabotage and the physical elimination of enemy personnel, SEALs are often used, for example, to accurately target artillery fire, as well as to cover the retreat of the main forces.

The difference between SEALs and Delta

Very often, the functional tasks and the essence of the unit mentioned in the article are confused with a similar formation, namely the “Delta”. The last name has nothing to do with SEALs. The fact is that Delta is a special unit that, in its activities, implements for the most part tasks aimed at combating terrorism and performing special operations, such as rescuing hostages and invading the territories of other states. However, like the SEALs, the unit represented is also part of the Special Operations Forces.

The background of the appearance of the division

Special Forces "Navy Seals" (USA) did not always exist. The formation of this unit was preceded by a fairly long history. The initial prototype of the SEALs were special units of combat swimmers, which were created in the structure of the United States Navy. They were actively used during the Second World War. The combat swimmers were faced with the tasks that today are mostly carried out by the SEALs.

It should be noted that for the entire time of its existence, swimmers participated in such well-known military operations as "Torch" and "Overlord". It was during this period in the history of the development of the United States as a whole that the great potential and effectiveness of the saboteur units, which later became the SEALs, was revealed. However, the experience of conducting combat operations behind enemy lines has also shown that not every soldier is able to perform the tasks that are carried out by the mentioned combat swimmers and other similar formations. This fact largely led to a tough selection of candidates for the service, about which will be discussed further in the article.

Create a division

SEAL Special Forces (USA) was created in 1962, after a meeting of the Committee of Chiefs of Staff of the US Army. The main problem at that time was strained relations with Soviet Union. In fact, it was the Cold War that largely led to the creation of sabotage units. At the meeting already mentioned earlier, the first persons of the US Army put forward the idea of ​​forming special units that could conduct military operations behind enemy lines. From this moment, the acceptance of candidates for the SEAL squad begins. As for the selection criteria, they mainly paid attention primarily to good endurance in water, the ability to handle cold and firearms. Proficiency in a foreign language was also a positive factor.

During its existence, the SEALs (USA) have been reorganized more than once due to changes in the geopolitical situation. That is, initially there were detachments that were supposed to land in Cuba, later European detachments appear, and later - Middle Asian ones. The fighters of the SEAL unit played a rather significant role in the process. It should be noted that the existence of a military formation was initially rejected. But since the 80s of the last century, the presence of Navy SEALs in the US Armed Forces has been no secret to anyone, which cannot be said about the operations performed by them.

Notable operations involving the unit

There are many theories and assumptions about what operations the SEALs (US Navy) participated in. As mentioned earlier, many of the operations of these units are strictly classified, which in some cases does not make it possible to fully appreciate the essence of their work. However, today the most striking moments of the participation of "Navy SEALs" in some military conflicts and specific operations are known, for example:

  • The Vietnam War showed the unit's excellent effectiveness in the implementation of sabotage missions, as well as hydrographic reconnaissance. The problem is that the landscape of the state's terrain did not allow to fully conduct military operations against enemy forces, which in most cases used guerrilla methods of warfare. It was thanks to the Navy SEALs that many military operations were crowned with success.
  • A well-known case of attracting "Navy SEALs" was the invasion of Grenada, as well as the military operation "Main Chance". In the first case, the unit distinguished itself by conducting combat operations and holding positions under fire from superior enemy forces. In the process of implementing Operation Main Chance, the unit seized ships in the Persian Gulf.
  • The unit mentioned in the article also participated in it from the very beginning until its completion. One of the most successful operations in this conflict with the participation of the SEALs was the capture of the oil platforms of Hawr El Amaya and El Basra.

It is also necessary to mention that it is a separate regiment of the SEAL special unit that is involved in the physical elimination of one of the most important terrorists in the world, namely Osama bin Laden.

Unit structure

"Seals" (special forces - a separate battalion as part of the special operations forces. In this case, the headquarters consists of the following structural elements:

Commander;

Chief of Staff;

Chief of the reconnaissance detachment and operational officer;

Deputies for Logistics and Combat Training of the SEALs;

Head of Medical Service.

It should also be noted that the headquarters also includes special subversive groups. As a rule, each of them includes about 4-5 fighters.

Candidate Selection Criteria

If we do not talk about the process of direct preparation, which not all candidates can withstand, then the selection for admission to the initial period is carried out quite scrupulously. The main factors are health and US citizenship. Foreigners, as we understand it, are not accepted for service in an elite special unit at all. All candidates, who, in turn, are exclusively male, must be between 18 and 28 years of age. At the same time, they should not have absolutely no negative indicators for health. Any physical handicap or chronic disease is unacceptable because the SEALs (U.S. Navy Special Forces) perform complex tasks that involve prolonged exposure to water, as well as in conditions of cold or heat. Therefore, a sick person simply cannot cope with such loads. In addition, all candidates undergo special checks and tests, according to the results of which the lucky ones get into the maritime training centers.

SEAL training (USA)

The training process of the SEALs is known all over the world. They are distinguished by their cruelty and hellish exhaustion, but it is this approach that allows you to nurture the most professional fighters. In the first weeks of training, general physical training of candidates is implemented. An important part of this stage are exercises in the water. Candidates are taught to swim in any environment, up to situations with their hands and feet tied. The purpose of the stage is to instill the fact that water is the closest friend of the soldier of the SEAL unit. In addition, special combat is also carried out and all cadets are tested for their ability to act in critical situations.

"Hell Week"

"Navy Seals" (USA), whose training is particularly cruel, in the process of preparation go through such a stage as "hell week". It lasts five days, during which the cadets are given only 4 hours of sleep. The passage of the entire stage is accompanied by tests of cold and ice water, as well as exhausting marches. At this stage, more than 50% of all candidates are eliminated.

U.S. SEAL gear

The department uses the most recent achievements in the field of military equipment and weapons. The SEALs have the right to use absolutely all the resources of the United States Army. For example, for covert movements on and under water, special respiratory isolation devices are used. In addition, small submarines Mark 8 Mod 1 SDV are actively used. For covert landings of fighters, surface means such as the Cyclone and Mk-5 Pegasus boats are used. They can move directly on the water to their destination or be transported by CH-47 helicopters. As for personal safety, members of the special forces use LaRue assault rifles, MTS C4ISTAR multifunctional computers, as well as a device that everyone rightfully calls the "Navy Seal knife" (USA), the Marc Lee "Glory" combat knife.

Conclusion

So, in the article we examined the structure and features of the functional tasks of such a unit as the SEALs of the army of the United States of America. It should be noted that today these formations are actively used by America in various military conflicts, and quite effectively, which indicates high level their preparation. But even with the fact that many photos of the SEALs (USA) can be found in the media today, their real activities are still shrouded in state secrets.

There is often debate about which special forces units are best prepared. No wonder the fighters of the Delta Force (USA) and SAS (UK) are trained in similar programs.

On Friday, April 29, 2011, Barack Obama ordered the most important operation in modern US history: to storm the house in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad where Osama bin Laden was hiding. To carry out such a difficult task, fraught with the most unpredictable episodes, the American president chose a small group from the tactical unit of the Navy "Navy Seals" (Navy Seals), which during the shootout destroyed the leader of al-Qaeda (a terrorist organization banned in the Russian Federation - ed.) on the night of May 1st.

Two years later, information was leaked that only two of the members of Team 6, that is, the same fighters from the SEALs who finished with terrorist number 1, survived after the death of 22 out of 25 in a plane crash in Afghanistan -ty of its members. According to the newspaper Corriere della Sera, in April last year, another fighter died during an unsuccessful parachute jump. The high death rate proves once again that this group, consisting of the toughest selection of fighters, is at constant risk.

The SEAL tactical unit was created after one of the biggest US military setbacks. In 1962, after the failed landing of Cuban mercenaries in the Bay of Pigs in Cuba, President Kennedy approved the creation of a select amphibious assault force capable of raiding deep into enemy territory. They were baptized by fire in Vietnam, where the nature of the terrain and the lack of a clearly defined front line required the participation of special forces. Modeled on the British Navy's Special Operations Group, the SEALs were tasked with, among other things, monitoring and patrolling the Mekong River in their speedboats.

It was then that the United States began to use them for the most complex operations that had to be carried out with almost surgical precision. Among the most famous successes should be mentioned the liberation of the transatlantic liner "Achille Lauro", as well as the captain Richard Phillips, kidnapped by Somali pirates, participation in the landing on Granada in 1983, and also participation in the Iraq war in 2003, the largest in the history of this unit. . Information was also leaked about some of the failures of the SEALs, in particular, an attempt to capture the President of Panama, Manuel Antonio Noriega, during the invasion of this country, as well as a failed hostage rescue operation at the US Embassy in Tehran in 1980.

Context

ABC: The Origins of the Legendary Special Forces, Putin's Iron Soldiers

ABC.es 10/19/2018

SWAT, SEAL and others

Echo24 05/30/2016

The New York Times 03/23/2017 When selecting candidates for this type of assignment, candidates from the Navy males no older than 28 years are considered. The training process lasts six months, and its culmination is a training called "A Week in Hell": for five days, future commandos are constantly cold, hungry and unable to sleep. This "Week in Hell" is taking place at Base Coronado, California, where half of the 2,500 members of the SEALs currently in service have been trained. The rest trained at Little Creek Base in Virginia, with the exception of 300 troops believed to be part of Team 6 stationed at Dam Neck, also in Virginia.

During selection, it screens out up to 90% of candidates. During the tests, it is necessary to run 24 kilometers, swim three kilometers in open-air reservoirs and endure great physical exertion. In general, the training lasts a year and a half, then another year already as part of the unit, after which the fighters go on their first combat mission.

SEALs usually operate in a platoon of eight, although depending on the nature of the operation, they can work in pairs or in full force, where each has his own specialization: demolition, electronics, route planning, medical assistance and so on.

The mysterious and formidable Russian "special forces"

The activities of the Russian special forces, the eternal enemy of the Navy Seals during the Cold War, have always been shrouded in a dense veil of secrecy, which turned it into a kind of myth. Although the very concept of “special forces” refers to all parts of the special forces of the Soviet and Russian era, two of them are especially distinguished by the level of training: the GRU special forces, which is structurally part of the military intelligence service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the FSB special forces, which is engaged in countering terrorism.

Despite numerous videos posted on the Internet and telling about how the special forces operate, the details of its training are still classified. These units were created in the 50s of the last century, at the height of the Cold War. Initially, they were trained to perform various covert operations, including infiltration, as well as to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage activities. But after the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the special forces emerged from the shadows and became actively involved in the fighting.

According to the few information that we know, the special forces pay great attention to hand-to-hand combat. They mainly use the sambo wrestling techniques developed in the Soviet Union. In addition, much of the training takes place with the use of live ammunition and explosives, resulting in one of the highest death rates among special forces units in the world.

Nevertheless, in their structure they are similar to other parts of the special purpose. Each special forces unit consists of 8-10 fighters operating under the command of an officer. They are trained in handling explosives, aimed shooting, radio communications and reconnaissance on the ground.

Among the failures of the special forces and, above all, the FSB special forces, in conducting anti-terrorist operations, one should mention the storming of a secondary school in Beslan on September 3, 2004, two days earlier captured by Islamist militants. It all ended in a chaotic assault, which was launched by the anti-terrorist unit "Alpha". Subsequently, servicemen of the Armed Forces and Internal Troops joined him. The result - 370 dead.

As well as SAS and Delta Force

The Russian special forces and the Navy SEALs are well known in the world, and especially in the media, but there are other elite units undergoing similar training. In particular, the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Marine Special Forces (SBS) of the Royal Armed Forces of Great Britain were created during the Second World War and became a kind of prototype for the special forces units that appeared later. Among other tests, candidates must pass through the mountain ranges of Wales, carrying 25 kilograms of cargo, and live for a month in the rainforest.

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Unlike the aforementioned Special Forces forces, the Delta Squad tends to operate covertly on more sensitive missions. On military bases, they wear civilian clothes, and their area of ​​\u200b\u200boperation includes the United States.

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