Ancient coats of arms of Russian boyars what do they mean. Coats of arms of the Romanov family. Kara - Bulgarian kings. bat branch

Scratch the Russian boyar - you will find a foreigner! Sheremetevs, Morozovs, Velyaminovs...

Velyaminovs

The family originates from Shimon (Simon), the son of the Varangian prince Afrikan. In 1027 he arrived in the army of Yaroslav the Great and converted to Orthodoxy. Shimon Afrikanovich is famous for participating in the battle with the Polovtsy on Alta and did the most for the construction of the Caves church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary: the precious belt and legacy of his father is a golden crown.

But the Vilyaminovs were known not only for their courage and generosity: a descendant of the family, Ivan Vilyaminov, fled to the Horde in 1375, but was later captured and executed on the Kuchkov field. Despite the betrayal of Ivan Velyaminov, his family did not lose its significance: the last son of Dmitry Donskoy was baptized by Maria, the widow of Vasily Velyaminov, a Moscow thousand.

The following genera stood out from the Velyaminov family: Aksakov, Vorontsov, Vorontsov-Velyaminov.

Detail: Muscovites are still reminded of the noblest Moscow family, the Vorontsov-Velyaminovs, by the name of the street “Vorontsovo Pole”.

Morozov

The clan of the Morozov boyars is an example of a feudal family from among the old Moscow untitled nobility. The founder of the surname is considered to be a certain Michael, who came from Prussia to serve in Novgorod. He was among the "six brave men" who showed special heroism during the Battle of the Neva in 1240.

The Morozovs faithfully served Moscow under Ivan Kalita and Dmitry Donskoy, occupying prominent positions at the Grand Duke's court. However, their family suffered greatly from the historical storms that overtook Russia in the 16th century. Many representatives of a noble family disappeared without a trace during the bloody oprichnina terror of Ivan the Terrible.

XVII century became the last page in the centuries-old history of the family. Boris Morozov had no children, and the only heir of his brother, Gleb Morozov, was his son Ivan. By the way, he was born in a marriage with Feodosya Prokofievna Urusova - the heroine of the painting by V.I. Surikov “Boyar Morozova”. Ivan Morozov did not leave male offspring and turned out to be the last representative of a noble boyar family that ceased to exist in the early 80s of the 17th century.

Detail: The heraldry of the Russian dynasties took shape under Peter I, which is probably why the coat of arms of the Morozov boyars was not preserved.

Buturlins

According to the genealogical books, the Buturlin family comes from an “honest man” under the name Radsha, who left the Semigrad land (Hungary) at the end of the 12th century to the Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.

“My great-grandfather Racha served St. Nevsky as a muscle of battle,” wrote A. Pushkin in the poem “My Genealogy”. Radsha became the ancestor of fifty Russian noble families in Tsarist Moscow, among them are the Pushkins, the Buturlins, and the Myatlevs...

But let us return to the Buturlin family: its representatives faithfully served first the grand dukes, then the sovereigns of Moscow and Russia. Their family gave Russia many prominent, honest, noble people, whose names are still known. Let's name just a few of them:

Ivan Mikhailovich Buturlin served as a roundabout under Boris Godunov, fought in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, conquered almost all of Dagestan. He died in battle in 1605 as a result of betrayal and deceit by the Turks and mountain foreigners.

His son Vasily Ivanovich Buturlin was the governor of Novgorod, an active associate of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky in his fight against the Polish invaders.

Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin was awarded the title of St. Andrew's Cavalier, General-in-Chief, Ruler of Little Russia for military and peaceful deeds. In 1721, he actively participated in the signing of the Peace of Nishtad, which put an end to the long war with the Swedes, for which Peter I awarded him the rank of general.

Vasily Vasilyevich Buturlin was a butler under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who did a lot for the reunification of Ukraine and Russia.

The Sheremetev family traces its origin to Andrey Kobyla. The fifth generation (great-great-grandson) of Andrei Kobyla was Andrei Konstantinovich Bezzubtsev, nicknamed Sheremet, from whom the Sheremetevs descended. According to some versions, the surname is based on the Turkic-Bulgarian “sheremet” (poor fellow) and the Turkic-Persian “shir-muhammad” (pious, brave Muhammad).

Many boyars, governors, governors came out of the Sheremetev family, not only due to personal merit, but also due to kinship with the reigning dynasty.

So, the great-granddaughter of Andrei Sheremet was married to the son of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Ivan, who was killed by his father in a fit of anger. And five grandchildren of A. Sheremet became members of the Boyar Duma. The Sheremetevs took part in the wars with Lithuania and the Crimean Khan, in the Livonian War and the Kazan campaigns. Estates in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod counties complained about their service.

Lopukhins

According to legend, they descend from the Kasozhian (Circassian) prince Rededi, the ruler of Tmutarakan, who was killed in 1022 in single combat with Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich (son of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the baptizer of Rus'). However, this fact did not prevent the son of Prince Rededi, Roman, from marrying the daughter of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich.

It is authentically known that by the beginning of the XV century. the descendants of the Kasozhsky prince Rededi already bear the surname Lopukhins, serve in various ranks in Novgorod principality and in the Muscovite state and own lands. And from the end of the XV century. they become Moscow nobles and tenants at the Sovereign's Court, retaining the Novgorod and Tver estates and estates.

The outstanding family of the Lopukhins gave the Fatherland 11 governors, 9 governors-general and governors who ruled 15 provinces, 13 generals, 2 admirals, served as ministers and senators, headed the Cabinet of Ministers and the State Council.

Golovin

The boyar family of the Golovins originates from the Byzantine family of Gavrasov, who ruled Trebizond (Trabzon) and owned the city of Sudak in the Crimea with the surrounding villages of Mangup and Balaklava.

Ivan Khovrin, the great-grandson of one of the representatives of this Greek family, was nicknamed “The Head”, as you might guess, for his bright mind. It was from him that the Golovins, representing the Moscow high aristocracy, went.

From the 15th century, the Golovins were hereditary tsarist treasurers, but under Ivan the Terrible, the family fell into disgrace, becoming the victim of an unsuccessful conspiracy. Later they were returned to the court, but before Peter the Great they did not reach special heights in the service.

Aksakovs

They come from the noble Varangian Shimon (in baptism Simon) Afrikovich or Ofrikovich - the nephew of the Norwegian king Gakon the Blind. Simon Afrikanovich arrived in Kyiv in 1027 with a 3,000-strong retinue and built at his own expense the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, where he was buried.

The surname of the Oksakovs (in the old days), and now the Aksakovs, came from one of his descendants, Ivan the Lame.
The word “oksak” means lame in Turkic languages.

In 1750, Ivan Yurievich Trubetskoy died. With his death, the era of the Russian boyars ended, the history of the clans that served for centuries on public service. It is interesting to remember their history today ...

Trubetskoy

The princes Trubetskoy belong to the Gediminovich dynasty, the descendants of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. Representatives of this family went to the service of the Moscow Grand Dukes at the beginning of the 15th century.

By the end of the 17th century, Russia was already serving the ninth generation of this kind, whose representatives occupied the highest posts in the state: they were appointed governors, heads of orders, in embassies to foreign sovereigns.

In the "History of the birth of the Russian nobility" Ivan Yuryevich is called the last Russian boyar, in this capacity he was still surrounded by young Peter I. Ivan Yuryevich was a long-liver, he died at the age of 83.

Ivan Yurievich Trubetskoy

Ivan Yurievich spent 18 years of his long life in Swedish captivity. He got there at the very beginning of the Northern War. The father of two daughters, had as sons-in-law the Moldavian ruler Dmitry Cantemir and Prince Ludwig-Wilhelm of Hesse-Homburg, Field Marshal.

In captivity, Ivan Yuryevich from Baroness Wrede gave birth to a son, who was named Ivan. Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy became a famous educator and teacher of the times of Catherine II, the founder and first president of the Academy of Arts.

Velyaminovs

The family originates from Shimon (Simon), the son of the Varangian prince Afrikan. In 1027 he arrived in the army of Yaroslav the Great and converted to Orthodoxy.

Shimon Afrikanovich is famous for participating in the battle with the Polovtsy on Alta and making the largest donation for the construction of the Caves Church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary: the precious belt and legacy of his father is a golden crown.

But the Velyaminovs were known not only for their courage and generosity: a descendant of the family, Ivan Velyaminov, fled to the Horde in 1375, but was later captured and executed on the Kuchkov field.

Coat of arms of the Velyaminovs

Despite the betrayal of Ivan Velyaminov, the family did not lose its significance: the last son of Dimitri Donskoy was baptized by Maria, the widow of Vasily Velyaminov, a Moscow thousand.

The following genera stood out from the Velyaminov family: Aksakov, Vorontsov, Vorontsov-Velyaminov.

Detail: Muscovites are still reminded of the most noble Moscow family of the Vorontsov-Velyaminovs by the name of the street “Vorontsovo Pole”.

Morozov

Fragment of a painting by V.I. Surikov "Boyar Morozova"

The 17th century was the last page in the centuries-old history of the family. Boris Morozov had no children, and the only heir of his brother, Gleb Morozov, was his son Ivan. By the way, he was born in a marriage with Feodosia Prokofievna Urusova - the heroine of the painting by V.I. Surikov "Boyarynya Morozova".

Ivan Morozov did not leave male offspring and turned out to be the last representative of a noble boyar family that ceased to exist in the early 80s of the 17th century.

Detail: The heraldry of the Russian dynasties took shape under Peter I, which is probably why the coat of arms of the Morozov boyars was not preserved.

Baturlins

Coat of arms of the Buturlin family

“My great-grandfather Racha served St. Nevsky as a muscle of battle,” wrote A.S. Pushkin in the poem "My Genealogy". Radsha became the ancestor of fifty Russian noble families in Tsarist Moscow, among them are the Pushkins, the Buturlins, and the Myatlevs...

His son Vasily Ivanovich Buturlin was the governor of Novgorod, an active associate of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky in his fight against the Polish invaders.

Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin

Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin was awarded the title of St. Andrew's Cavalier, General-in-Chief, Ruler of Little Russia for military and peaceful deeds. In 1721, he actively participated in the signing of the Treaty of Nystadt, which put an end to the long war with the Swedes, for which Peter I awarded him the rank of general.

Vasily Vasilyevich Buturlin was a butler under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, having done a lot for the reunification of Ukraine and Russia.

Sheremetevs

The Sheremetev family is descended from Andrey Kobyla. The fifth generation (great-great-grandson) of Andrei Kobyla was Andrei Konstantinovich Bezzubtsev, nicknamed Sheremet, from whom the Sheremetevs descended.

According to some versions, the surname is based on the Turkic-Bulgarian “sheremet” (“poor fellow”) and the Turkic-Persian “shir-muhammad” (“pious, brave Muhammad”).

Coat of arms of the Sheremetevs. Fragment of the lattice gate of the Sheremetev Palace.

Many boyars, governors, governors came out of the Sheremetev family, not only due to personal merit, but also due to kinship with the reigning dynasty.

The Sheremetevs took part in the wars with Lithuania and the Crimean Khan, in the Livonian War and the Kazan campaigns. Estates in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod counties complained about their service.

Lopukhins

According to legend, they descend from the Kasozh (Circassian) prince Rededi, the ruler of Tmutarakan, who was killed in 1022 in single combat with Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich (son of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the baptist of Rus'). However, this fact did not prevent the son of Prince Rededi, Roman, from marrying the daughter of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich.

Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina, Empress. The first wife of Tsar Peter I until 1698

It is authentically known that by the beginning of the XV century. the descendants of the Kasozhsky prince Rededi already bear the surname Lopukhins, serve in various ranks in the Novgorod principality and in the Moscow state and own lands. And from the end of the XV century. they become Moscow nobles and tenants at the Sovereign's Court, retaining the Novgorod and Tver estates and estates.

The outstanding family of the Lopukhins gave the Fatherland 11 governors, 9 governors-general and governors who ruled 15 provinces, 13 generals, 2 admirals. Lopukhins served as ministers and senators, headed the Cabinet of Ministers and the State Council.

Aksakovs

They are descended from the noble Varangian Shimon (in baptism Simon) Afrikovich or Ofrikovich, the nephew of the Norwegian king Gakon the Blind. Simon Afrikanovich arrived in Kyiv in 1027 with a retinue of three thousand and built at his own expense the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, where he was buried.

The coat of arms of the Aksakovs was included in the fourth part of the "General Armorial"49, approved by Emperor Paul on December 7, 1799.

The surname of the Oksakovs (in the old days), and now the Aksakovs, came from one of his descendants, Ivan the Lame.
The word "oksak" means "lame" in Turkic languages.

Members of this family in pre-Petrine times served as governors, solicitors, stolniks and were rewarded for their good service with estates from Moscow sovereigns.

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The origin of the ancient boyar family and its appearance in the Grand Duchy of Moscow has not yet been finally clarified. One of the representatives of the family in the middle of the XIV century was the Moscow boyar Yuri Vorobyov, noted in several chronicles of Ancient Rus' at once. Yuri Vorobyov was sent by the Grand Duke of Moscow Simeon the Proud to Tsargrad to approve the candidacy of St. Alexis for the post of Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus', and was also one of the patrimonials of the ancient village of Vorobyov near Moscow, now known as Sparrow Hills. The family arrived in Moscow, obviously, from Veliky Novgorod during the reign of Alexander Nevsky or Daniil of Moscow, along with other eminent and noble Novgorod boyar families. With sufficient confidence, it can be argued that the probable ancestor of the ancient boyar family of the Vorobyovs could be the baptizer of Veliky Novgorod, the Novgorod posadnik of the 10th century Vorobey Stoyanovich, after whose name the family inherited its surname, although there is no documentary evidence of this to date.

Many representatives of the ancient Moscow boyar family served as boyars, Moscow nobles, tenants, governors, ambassadors and clerks.

Famous representatives of the Moscow boyar family

Vorobyov Yuri- Moscow boyar, ambassador of the Grand Duke Simeon the Proud to Tsargrad to Byzantine Emperor and Patriarch of Constantinople (1352-1353) to approve the candidacy of St. Alexis for the post of Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus'. The votchinnik of the Vorobyov village near Moscow (now the famous Moscow Sparrow Hills), which belonged to the ancient boyar family of the Vorobyovs, later became the property of the grand ducal family in the 15th century.

Vorobyov Maxim Gavrilovich- boyar, patrimony-owner of Veliky Novgorod after the annexation of the Novgorod lands by Grand Duke Ivan III Vasilyevich to Moscow (1495-1496).

Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich(Shemet) - boyar, clerk of the Grand Duke Basil III from March 1532 (clerk since 1514) and Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. As part of the Russian embassy, he participated in the ratification of an agreement with the Teutonic Order (1517). In January 1526, by order of Vasily III, he was appointed to guard at the stairs of the Western Chambers of the palace at the time of the marriage of the Grand Duke with Elena Glinskaya. The ambassador of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in Volokhi, in March 1542, the clerk at the meeting of the Lithuanian ambassador.

Vorobyov Dionisiy Shemetovich- Moscow nobleman, son of the boyar Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich (Shemet). In 1550, he was included by Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in the number of the chosen thousand nobles as the Moscow son of the boyars.

Vorobyov Vasily Alexandrovich(sc. 05/30/1563) - sovereign boyar, clerk (since 1526) and closest associate of Metropolitan Macarius. Brother of the boyar Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich (Shemet). He was buried in the Epiphany Monastery in the city of Moscow.

Vorobyov Simeon Alexandrovich- sovereign boyar, clerk of Metropolitan Macarius. Brother of the boyar Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich (Shemet).

Vorobyov Andrey- Oprichnik of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible (1573).

Vorobyov Nikita Dmitrievich- governor of Belsky (1618-1619) and Oskolsky (1621). On September 3, 1618, together with Prince Boris Khilkov, he was granted by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich a fur coat, a goblet and a ladle in the Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin.

Vorobyov Ivan Dmitrievich- Governor of Bryansk (1618-1619).

Vorobyov Ivan- siege head of Arzamsk (1635). In a petition addressed to Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, he asks to send a letter confirming his authority with a messenger from Moscow to the newly appointed Arzamas governor. On the reverse side of I. Vorobyov's petition is the tsar's resolution: "Give a letter of commendation." The sovereign's letter was sent to the Arzamas governor in April 1635, in which it is written: "... and how our letter will come to you, and you would have ordered Ivan Vorobyov to continue to be in our siege heads in Arzamas" .

Vorobyov Nikita- a tenant in Moscow, the son of a boyar, in 1638 he had a court on Ilyinka in China - the city of Moscow.

Vorobyov Ermolai Antonovich- clerk of Reitarsky (1656), Judgment (1665), Printed (1674) and the Great Treasury of Orders (1676). In July 1656 "was at the meeting of the Caesar's ambassadors in Polotsk with the sovereign." Also clerk of Veliky Novgorod (1671-1672, 1677-1681).

Known possessions of the Moscow boyar family

Vorobyovo (Moscow)

Main articles: Vorobyovo (Moscow), Vorobyov, Yuri (Boyar of Moscow)

Vorobyovo - the former ancestral patrimony of the Vorobyov boyars from the beginning of the 14th to the middle of the 15th centuries, located in the south-west of modern Moscow, on Vorobyovy Gory and bearing their name. From the middle of the 15th century, the village of Vorobyovo became the property of the grand-ducal family and became a favorite vacation spot for the grand dukes and tsars of Moscow, a grand-ducal and royal summer residence, but retained the name of its first owners, the boyars Vorobyovs until the middle of the 20th century.

Vorobyovo (Moscow region)

Main article: Vorobyovo (estate)

Vorobyovo is the former ancestral patrimony of the Vorobyov boyars on the top of a sloping hill near the banks of the Rozhai River in the now Podolsky district of the Moscow region.

As well as the royal residence, the village of Vorobyovo has its own name after the original owners of the boyars Vorobyovs, which later became the property of other noble families from the 17th century: the Zinovievs, Tatishchevs, Ershovs, although it retained its original name.

Noble families of the Vorobyovs in the 17th - 20th centuries

Five ancient (ancient) Russian noble families:

1) from Semyon Fedorovich Vorobyov and his son Kalina, made up by the estate in 1673; their offspring is recorded in the VI part of the genealogical book of the Tver province. - 2) from Ivan Melentievich Vorobyov, granted the estate and a salary in 1652; recorded in the VI part of the genealogical book Kursk province. - 3) From Kostromitan Semyon Vasilyevich Vorobyov (1662). Recorded in the VI part of the genealogical book Kostroma province. - 4) From the reiter Ivan Ivanovich Vorobyov, made up by the estate in 1690, and 5) from Dmitry and Nikita Alekseevich Vorobyov (1670); recorded in the VI part of the genealogical book of the Vologda province. The last three clans, due to the insufficiency of the evidence presented, were not approved by the Heraldry in the ancient nobility. There are also a number of noble families of the Vorobyovs of later origin (II and III parts of the genealogical book).

IN currently it can be said with full confidence that the Tver and Kursk nobles were descendants of the ancient Moscow boyar family, since their representatives are included in the Boyar Books, as well as Kostroma. For other genera, such data are not yet available.

Nobles Vorobyovs are included in the genealogical books of the Astrakhan, Vilna, Don Cossack Region, Vologda, Yekaterinoslav, Kostroma, Kursk, Moscow, Novgorod, Orenburg, Oryol, St. Petersburg, Saratov, Simbirsk, Smolensk, Tver, Kherson and Yaroslavl provinces Russian Empire.

Description of coats of arms

Coat of arms granted to Grigory Vorobyov, Major, and Ivan Vorobyov, Lieutenant

The coat of arms of the Vorobyovs is included in Part 3 of the Collection of Graduation Coats of Arms of the Russian Nobility, not included in the General Armorial, p. 64. In the upper small part of the shield in a blue field there is a golden hexagonal star. In the lower spacious part in a red field are two golden hexagonal stars and between them on a silver field are horizontally three city walls, on which there is a saber pointed upwards. The shield is crowned with a noble helmet and a crown with three ostrich feathers. The blue shield is lined with gold.

Coat of arms granted to Yegor Vorobyov, lieutenant colonel

The coat of arms of the Vorobyovs is included in Part 3 of the Collection of diploma coats of arms of the Russian Nobility, not included in the General Armorial, p. 63. In the azure shield is a silver crane with a scarlet beak, eyes and legs, holding a golden stone in its right paw. The shield is surmounted by a nobleman's helmet and crown. Crest - a hand in azure armor and a golden glove, holding a silver pick. Azure blue with silver.

Famous representatives of the noble families of the Vorobyovs

Vorobyov Nefyod Ivanovich - a tenant in Moscow, the Oryol boyar son (1679-1680) (from the Kursk nobles).

Vorobyov Modest Evgrafovich - lieutenant, leader of the Bezhetsk district noble assembly of the Tver province (from the Tver nobles).

Vorobyov Ivan Dmitrievich - engineer-major general (1851). Daughter Agrafena Ivanovna is married to a court adviser, fleet captain 2nd rank Lev Nikolayevich Yazykov (probably from Kherson nobles?).

Vorobyov Yakov Yakovlevich - lieutenant general, commander of the 3rd Smolensk Lancers Emperor Alexander III regiment (09/01/1839 - 05/22/1848), chief ataman of the Siberian army (1851-1856). On December 1, 1838, with the rank of colonel, he was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree (No. 5712 according to the cavalier list of Grigorovich - Stepanov) (from the Kostroma nobles).

Vorobyov Nikolai Mikhailovich - lieutenant general, participant Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878, hero of the First World War. On March 31, 1916 he was awarded the St. George Arms, on December 3, 1916 - the Order of St. George of the 4th degree (until the affiliation is unknown).

Vorobyov Andrei Sergeevich (1861-1917) - Major General (until the affiliation is unknown).

Famous estates of the Tver noblemen Vorobyovs

Domotkanovo (Tver region)

Domotkanov Vorobyovs owned from the second half of XVIII almost a century and a half. This is one of the ancient estates of the Tver noblemen Vorobyovs, located seventeen kilometers from Tver.

Manor as an economic object with manor house, park, ponds, landscape and outbuildings was finally formed during the period of its ownership by the nobles Vorobyovs, including a one-story wooden house, which now houses the house-museum of the famous Russian artist Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov.

In 1886, Domotkanovo was acquired from the landowner Alexander Ivanovich Vorobyov by the artist Vladimir Dmitrievich von Derviz. From that time until October revolution In 1917, the estate became the property of the noble family of Derviz.

Notes

Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327, appendix. 2 dated 08/30/1960. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
The famous village of Vorobyovo, located on the mountains of the same name, also goes back to the boyar family of the Vorobyovs, known in the middle of the 14th century. - See Tikhomirov M.N. Ancient Moscow (XII-XV centuries): Mosk. state un-t im. M. V. Lomonosov Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1947. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Tikhomirov M.N. Proceedings on the history of Moscow. Moscow, Publisher: Languages of Slavonic Culture, 2003 — ISBN 5-94457-165-9
In a book ed. Averyanova K. A. “History of Moscow Districts” (2005) states that the owner of the village of Vorobyov was allegedly Kirill Voroba. However, then the village would be called Vorobino (stressed second syllable) based on the etymology of his nickname (sparrow - a wooden device for winding yarn, silk - a reel). At the same time, the real name of the village Sparrow yo vo (stressed third syllable) has always had a "bird" etymology and has never been associated with anything else. In addition, the book does not mention the Moscow boyar Yuri Vorobyov (1352-1353) in order to avoid direct association with the village of Vorobyovo, which does not give grounds to consider the author's version of the book convincing.
The village of Vorobino was located in the southeast, and not in the southwest of Moscow, not far from the Novospassky Monastery, which stands on the site of the ancestral patrimony of the Romanov boyars, whose ancestor was Andrei Kobyla. Cyril Voroba was the nephew of the latter and, therefore, their ancestral lands were nearby.
Ekzemplyarsky A. A. Vorobey Stoyanovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Tatishchev V. N. Collected works: In 8 volumes: T. 1. Russian history. Part 1: - Reprint from ed. 1963, 1964 — M.: Ladomir, 1994. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
Solovyov S. M. History of Russia since ancient times. Publisher: St. Petersburg. Edition of the Highly Approved Partnership "Public Benefit", 1896. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
Rapov O. M. The Russian Church in the IX - the first third of the XII century. Acceptance of Christianity. M. Russian panorama, 1998
Rapov O. M. On the time of the baptism of the population of Novgorod the Great: Bulletin of Moscow State University. Story. 1988 No. 3. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Kuzmin A. G. The fall of Perun. The rise of Christianity in Rus'. Publisher: M.: Young Guard, 1988. ISBN 5-235-00053-6
Vorobyov Yuri. Big biographical encyclopedia, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T. 20. 1st half. Lviv chronicle. Part 1. Ed. S. A. Andianova. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of M. A. Alexandrov, 1910
Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T.35. Annals Belarusian-Lithuanian. Supral Chronicle M.: Nauka. 1978. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Tatishchev V.N. Russian History. T.3. Moscow, Ermak Publishing House, 2005. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
Solovyov S. M. History of Russia since ancient times. Publisher: St. Petersburg. Publication of the Highly Approved Partnership "Public Benefit", 1896. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Scribe books Novgorod land. Comp. K. V. Baranov. tt. 1-3, 5. M., Ancient storage, 1999-2004. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Complete collection of Russian chronicles: volume 29. Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom of the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. Alexander Nevsky chronicle. Lebedev Chronicle. M.: Science. 1965. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
Jump to: 1 2 3 4 Veselovsky S. B. Clerks and clerks of the XV—XVII centuries. : Acad. Sciences of the USSR, Department of History, Arch. USSR Academy of Sciences Moscow: Nauka, 1975
Acts of service landowners of the XV-beginning of the XVII century. Volume IV / Comp. A. V. Antonov. - M .: Ancient storage, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Note. Sometimes the clerk Grigory Shemet Vorobyov is identified as Shemet Motyakin, but these are two different historical figures; the latter was never a deacon. - See Index of personal names of the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles: T). Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom of the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. Alexander Nevsky chronicle. Lebedev Chronicle. M.: Science. 1965: (p. 364 - Shemet Motyakin), (p. 369 - Shemet Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrov, clerk - Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T). Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom of the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. Alexander Nevsky chronicle. Lebedev Chronicle. M.: Science. 1965. Retrieved April 15, 2014.)
Commemoration of Prince I.V. Nemoy - Telepnev - Obolensky with a list of persons assigned to the guards at the time of the marriage. TsGADA, f. 135, sec. IV, rub. II, No. 5, l. 17. Retrieved July 13, 2013. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
Nazarov V.D. Wedding affairs of the 16th century. // Questions of History, No. 10. 1976. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
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The Romanovs were the second ruling dynasty in Russia. The coat of arms of these rulers was founded at the beginning of the accession of the family - at the dawn of the 17th century. Over the course of several centuries, it changed, until finally, in the middle of the 19th century, a decision was made to create the official symbol of the imperial house.

Ideas of autocratic power

The emergence of the coat of arms of the Romanovs should be considered in the context of the development of socio-political thought in the medieval history of our country. The fact is that the majority of domestic rulers were characterized by the conviction that the autocratic monarchical form of government was the original, the only legal and correct one in the Russian land. The rulers each time erected their genealogy to the ancient rulers of Byzantium, from where they subsequently took the emblem itself.

The symbol of the eagle, which he holds, was the most expressive sign of the embodiment of this idea of autocratic power. Therefore, this coat of arms existed for quite a long time almost without any changes. Innovations concerned only some attributes, but the symbolism itself (and most importantly, its ideological meaning) remained the same. Therefore, with the coming to power of a new dynasty, it received official registration.

Symbolism at the beginning of the reign

Immediately after the end of the Time of Troubles, a new dynasty came to power in the country - the Romanovs. The coat of arms of these rulers at first repeated the traditional components of the previous princes and kings. As is known, they used the double-headed eagle borrowed from Byzantium as an official sign. This figure was the coat of arms during the reign of the first kings of the new dynasty: and Alexei Mikhailovich. They took the symbol for their home as well.

The composition has undergone some changes over time. However, they were not of a fundamental nature. For example, sometimes the eagle was depicted with two heads, and at other times with three. In the first case, the third crown was in the middle, between them. In the second, she crowned another figure of an eagle. In his paws he held in some cases a scepter and an orb, in others a sword. Thus, the Romanovs, whose coat of arms did not undergo fundamental changes for several centuries, retained the traditional symbolism for the entire period of their reign.

The background of the new character

It is indicative that the reigning imperial house decided to create its own symbol, when the process of forming the heraldic system of noble families was already completed in our country. In the middle of the 19th century, the Romanovs also made a decision to establish the original symbolism. The coat of arms was commissioned to create an invited German specialist in heraldry - Baron B.V. Kene. He was in charge of the relevant department in our country. He also owns the authorship of the famous with black, yellow and white colors. As a basis, he took a drawing from the personal banner of the boyar Nikita Romanov, who belonged to the reigning dynasty.

Description of the banner

The canvas depicted the figure of a griffin - a symbol traditional in princely and royal life for quite a long time. So, on the royal ladles and other things, a corresponding image was found. Therefore, some experts conclude that, perhaps, the boyar borrowed this symbol for his banner. However, there is another version of the origin of the image. The fact is that the coat of arms of the Romanovs, the description of which is difficult because the banner itself has not been preserved, in addition to the griffin, also had the figure of a small black eagle. Some historians explain its appearance by borrowing that the boyar made, becoming for some time the ruler of the Livonian city, on whose coins there was a corresponding drawing.

Symbol origin

There is also a point of view that the appearance of the figure of a black eagle is associated with legends about the Prussian origin of the descendants of this dynasty. Some researchers believe that the coat of arms of the Romanov dynasty is directly related to the latter circumstance. The fact is that ancient Russian sources have preserved information that one of the first representatives of this ancient family was the boyar Andrei Kobyla. He had Prussian roots. This boyar came to the service of the Moscow prince Ivan Kalita. And since then, the rise of this kind began. Therefore, many scientists believe that the appearance of a black eagle on a heraldic shield is a reference to the Prussian origin of the first representatives of this noble family.

official registration

Emperor Alexander II entrusted the creation of a new symbol to Baron Kene. He took as a basis, as mentioned above, a drawing from a canvas of a boyar. The griffin, which is depicted on the coat of arms of the Romanovs, was saved by him. However, the author changed its color from gold to orange-buff. This was done in order to comply with the rules of heraldry adopted in Western European countries at the time in question.

The fact is that there was a tradition: if the main figure on the heraldic shield was made in the color of metals, gold or silver, then the field should have been in other colors. And vice versa. If the field was gold or silver, then the figure should not have been of these colors. So it was in this case. On the banner of the boyar, the griffin was golden, drawn against the background of a silver field. Therefore, Baron Kene changed the color of the figure to ocher. Perhaps this was the only change he made to the composition. Otherwise, the author retained the previous structure.

Description

The photo of which is presented in this article consists of a silver heraldic shield. Inside is a figure of a griffin with a shield in its paw, on top of which is a small black eagle. On the sides are lion heads of gold and silver colors against a dark background. The design has remained traditional.

Sometimes this shield is included in a frame of black eagles topped with imperial crowns with a scepter and an orb. And sometimes another large crown is placed on top. Officially new character was approved in 1856 by Alexander II. Thus, the question of who is depicted on the coat of arms of the Romanov family has deep historical roots and associated with medieval history Russian princes and tsars.

Relationship with other genera

In the light of the foregoing, one more important circumstance should be noted, namely the fact that some noble families also descended from Prussian roots. And so the black eagle is also found on their coats of arms. In this regard, the image on the heraldic shield of this figure is quite traditional. Moreover, the double-headed eagle has always been considered the official emblem of this royal house.

Using the Internet, find images of the ancient coats of arms of Russian boyars. Find out what they mean.

Answers:

Examples of ancient coats of arms of Russian boyars Sheremetevs The Sheremetev family traces its origin to Andrey Kobyla. The fifth generation (great-great-grandson) of Andrei Kobyla was Andrei Konstantinovich Bezzubtsev, nicknamed Sheremet, from whom the Sheremetevs descended. According to some versions, the surname is based on the Turkic-Bulgarian “sheremet” (poor fellow) and the Turkic-Persian “shir-muhammad" (pious, brave Muhammad). Velyaminovs

Coat of arms of the family of Counts Sheremetevs (Sheremetevs) In the middle of the golden shield in a red field surrounded by a laurel wreath is a golden crown, i. coat of arms of the ancient rulers of Prussia, and under it are two silver crosses marked perpendicularly. In the lower part, on a golden shield, there is a hat, which in ancient times served as a distinction for the boyars, in which many of the ranks of the Sheremetev family were, and at the bottom of the hat, a spear and a sword, laid crosswise on a silver crescent, with horns facing upwards. The shield is covered with a count's crown, on the surface of which there is a tournament helmet crowned with an image of an idol-worshiping oak, on the sides of which two silver hexagonal stars are visible. The shield is held by two lions with golden foreheads, and in the mouth there are laurel and olive branches, of which the one standing on the right side has a scepter in his paws, and on the left side there is an orb in memory of the fact that the ancestors of the Kolychev family were rulers in Prussia. The insignia on the shield is golden, lined with red. Under the shield is the inscription: DEUS CONSERVAT OMNIA.