creative title project:
« free element
V Russian works
P poets and writers" .
literature teacher Mikhail Morozov,
Avdonina V. V. Malyshev Nikita,
Vasina Maria,
Didenko Anastasia,
Fedyunina Tatiana.
G. Pervomaisk,
MOU PSOSH №2, 2009
Problem question.
- Why did poets and writers turn to the image of the water element in their works?
Hypothesis.
- Her Majesty water is a source of inspiration for poets and writers.
- The water element is a special symbolic image that helps to convey the mood of the characters in poetry and prose, participates in their destinies .
1) Recall which poets turned to the image of water in their lyrical works?
2) Recall which writers addressed the water element in prose works?
3) Find out in which works poets and writers touched on the image of water.
4) Analyze the selected works, refute or prove our hypothesis.
5) Present the results of your work in the form of a presentation.
Let's look in the dictionary
Water
- A clear, colorless liquid that is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
- Drink
- River, sea, lake space, as well as their surface or level.
- Seas, rivers, lakes, canals, straits related to a given region, state, territory.
- Streams, waves, water mass.
- Mineral springs, etc.
Therefore, water is a polysemantic word.
And in the course of our work, we decided that water is also a source of inspiration for poets and writers.
Look how beautiful her majesty the water is!
Water is life, and literature is the image and reflection of life.
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky
"Sea" (1822)
Where the sea, there is romance! In Zhukovsky's poems by the sea, like
man - its essence, its secret. The poet wants to unravel this
secret.
He draws the sea in a calm state, in a storm and after it
Silent sea, azure sea,
I stand enchanted over your abyss.
You are alive; you breathe; confused love,
You are filled with anxiety...
Conclusions:
1) The sea is a special mobile element, its calmness is deceptive.
2) When Zhukovsky writes about the sea, he simultaneously conveys the mood that captures his soul.
3) He creates not so much a "landscape of nature" as a "landscape of the soul", merging into a close unity a picture of nature with its experience.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837)
Among the works of A.S. Pushkin has many poems about water:
- "Water and Wine"
- "Land and Sea"
- "On the quiet shores of Moscow"
- "Who, the waves, stopped you..."
- “The Terek rushes between the mountain walls…”
- " To sea"
Among the poems of A.S. Pushkin has a quatrain about water
"The waters are deep."
The waters are deep
flowing smoothly,
wise people
They live quietly.
A.S. Pushkin. " To sea" (1824)
Farewell, free element!
For the last time in front of me
You roll blue waves
And you shine with proud beauty ...
In this poem, the sea for A.S. Pushkin is a symbol
freedom, a symbol of the boundless, free element. Poet
admires the sea, loves both its “silence in the evening hour”, and “
wayward impulses" into a storm. "Free Element"
reminds the poet of those happy days when he was also
free, lived among people close to his heart.
A.S. Pushkin. "The daylight went out" .(1820)
The light of day has gone out;
Fog fell on the blue evening sea.
Noise, noise, obedient sail,
Worry over me, gloomy ocean.
The sea helps to convey the mood of the hero. It
sad, noisy at the departure of Pushkin to the north.
Thus, in both poems the mood
begins to live with the same feeling that he is imbued with
poet.
"Spring", "Why was I not born this blue wave?",
"Mermaid", "Crush, crush, night wave", "Sea Princess",
"Airship",
"Gifts of the Terek", etc.
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873)
One of the most remarkable phenomena in Russian poetry is F.I. Tyutchev's poems about
captivating Russian nature. Nature in his poems is inspired.
"Spring Waters"
Snow is still whitening in the fields, "Spring thunderstorm",
And the waters are already rustling in the spring - “How good you are, about the night sea ...”,
They run and wake up the sleepy shore, “The sun is shining; the waters are glistening…”
They run and shine and say ...
Streams in these verses - 1 s messengers
spring announce the arrival of the holiday
nature!
Thus, in Tyutchev's poems about nature, water is a poetic image,
provoking philosophical thought.
You, my sea water,
wayward wave,
How, resting or playing,
You are full of wonderful life!
Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (1820-1892)
This is a magic poet. He devoted a whole cycle of poems to the water element called "Sea" : "Sea Bay", "Evening at the seaside", "Sea and Stars", "Spring Rain", etc.
Sea distance in a misty haze;
There the sail sinks, as if in smoke,
And the waves in constant anger
They run to my coast.
The water element in these verses expresses the state
human soul.
The poem "On the Volga"
Many poets in their works wrote about the river of our region
Volga. Among them, N.A. Nekrasov.
« Oh Volga! After many years
I greeted you again.
I'm not the same, but you are bright
And majestic, as she was.
All around is the same distance and expanse .... "
The Volga was the "cradle" for N.A. Nekrasov. For the rest of his life, pictures of the inhuman labor of barge haulers, their groans, grabbing songs for the soul, were imprinted in the soul of the poet. Subsequently, he called his favorite river "the river of slavery and longing."
The name of the poetess Marina Tsvetaeva is the most artistically significant.
Who is made of stone, who is made of clay,
And I'm silver and sparkle!
My business is treason, my name is Marina.
I am the mortal foam of the sea...
Crushing on your granite knees,
I am resurrected with every wave!
Long live foam - fun foam -
High sea foam!
Marina translates from Latin like "marine". The sea for Tsvetaeva is the personification of freedom, it is the flight of the soul, and if leaving, then leaving in the free sea element. This idea is confirmed by lines from the poem "Two Songs":
Someday the sea jets
Looking out from the ship
You will say: "I loved - the sea!"
Sea sunk - into the sea!
Many poets wrote about her majesty water!
Nikolai Gumilyov Alexey Nikolaevich Konstantin Dmitrievich
many poems that Pleshcheev Balmont
with the geographical "Spring" ("The snow is already melting," Swan "(" Backwater
accurately report streams running…”), “Into the storm”, sleeps, the water is silent
travels of the poet: "Song" ("Let's go to the mirror ..."),
"Lake Chad", shore; there are waves ...") "Proclamation to the Ocean",
"Red Sea", "White Fire",
"Zambezi", "Lakes", "Whirlpool".
"Niger", "Suez Canal", etc.
Nikolai Rubtsov Sergei Yesenin Ivan Bunin
“I remembered the sea”, “Swamps and swamps”, “Spring”,
"Above the river", "On the edge of the rain" River "
"Sea", "Storm", and bad weather", "Dew, with
"Spring on the sea", "Danced, cried a pale pink
"Morning at sea", spring rain, fire ... "
"In the ocean", "Across the river lights are burning ..."
"On the lake"
Water in fairy tales.
In fairy tales, dead and living water is found: the first usually splices the chopped body parts of the deceased, and the living one returns life to him. Water helps good heroes, hiding them from evil ones. Water is a symbol of life.
Maksim Gorky (1868-1936)
The story "Chelkash".
Water takes Active participation in prose works. In the 8th grade, we read M. Gorky's story "Chelkash". In the 2nd chapter we found a description of the calm sea at night: “The sea was calm, black and thick as butter. It breathed a moist, sunny aroma and sounded gently, splashing on the sides of the ships ... The sea slept in a healthy, sound sleep of a worker who was tired during the day ... "
When describing the sea, M. Gorky uses many epithets and personifications. The sea is animated: “The sea has woken up. It played in small waves, giving birth to them, decorating the foam with fringes, pushing each other and breaking into fine dust ... ".
The sea is a participant in the story: it changes the psyche and mood of the characters. Finally, the description of a stormy sea has to some extent symbolic meaning and speaks of the coming storm that will purify life. According to the description of the sea, one can guess about the attitude of the heroes to the water element.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin . (1870- 1953)
The description of the sea is also found in the story of I.A. Bunin "Caucasus". Heroes are happy, resting on sea “... part of the sea had the color of violet and lay so evenly, peacefully, that it seemed that there would never be an end to this peace, this beauty.
or
“... in a coastal ravine, descending from the forest to the sea, a small, transparent river . How wonderfully its brilliance shattered, boiled in that mysterious hour, when from behind the mountains and forests, like some wondrous creature, the late moon gazed intently!
Description of water spaces in the story give Bunin's prose a special expressiveness. .
Water in popular expressions.
In prose works one can find many
folk expressions with the word water: “A lot of water
flowed away”, “you can’t spill it with water”, “as if looking into the water”, “crush
water in a mortar”, “get out of the water dry”, “like water into water
scored”, etc.
They give the speech of the characters a colloquial tone.
In the course of work, we learned a lot of interesting and informative things.
Learned how to combine the acquired knowledge into a coherent system,
analyze them, which will be useful to us in the future.
Water is one of the four elements
determining our world order.
She is a member of Russian poetry and prose.
Water is also a source of inspiration.
The sea, for example, inspired poets and writers
to create poetic masterpieces .
The hypothesis was confirmed !!!
conclusions
Turning to the works of fiction of the 18th, 19th, 20th centuries, we came to the following conclusions:
- Writers and poets wrote about the water element in order to sing the beauty of this natural phenomenon.
- Water is a free element; the sea element is a symbol of freedom.
- Indeed, in a high state of mind, poetic lines about water were born. The water element inspired many poets and writers to compose poetry.
- Remembering school curriculum from grades 5 to 9, we decided that many Russian classics of the 18th, 19th, 20th centuries. addressed in their works to the image of the "water element". Writers and poets of the 21st century solve environmental problems on the pages of their works, urged us to take care of water spaces. Therefore, this topic is relevant to this day!
Information material .
- Collections of poems by A.S. Pushkin, F.I. Tyutcheva, A.A. Feta, M. Tsvetaeva, N. Gumilyova, V.A. Zhukovsky, N.A. Nekrasov, etc.
- "Chelkash" by M. Gorky, "Caucasus" by I.A. Bunin, Vasyutkino Lake by V.P. Astafiev, etc.
- Magazines "Literature at school".
- Dictionary S.I. Ozhegov.
Alekseev Andrey
In this work, a sixth grader examines the role of water in various works of folklore and Russian literature, raising the current environmental problem the state of water today.
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XII Regional School
Cyril and Methodius Readings
"Living dead water...
(Through the pages of literature
from folklore to the present day.)
MOU Krotovskaya secondary school
"Educational Center", 5 "B" class,
Samara region, Kinel-Cherkassky district,
Krotovka village, Kuibyshevskaya street, 21.
Head: Ivanova Irina Pavlovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature.
Samara region, Kinel-Cherkassky district,
s.Krotovka, st. Leningradskaya, 18 - 2.
Samara
2011
Review
for the work of Andrey Alekseev “Living dead water ...
(On the pages of literature from folklore to the present day.) "
The abstract of Andrey Alekseev corresponds to the stated topic, is distinguished by the depth and completeness of the disclosure of the topic, logicality, coherence, evidence. The work is structurally ordered, the ratio of introduction, main part and conclusion is optimal. The design of the work meets the requirements: there is a plan, a list of references, footnotes are correctly designed and a culture of citation is observed.
In the introduction, the student justifies the choice of the topic of the essay and its relevance, explaining this by the fact that in recent decades, earthlings have been too consumerist towards water, and therefore stocks fresh water on the planet began to decline sharply. Target research work of Alekseev A. - to show the role of water in literature from folklore to the present day and the educational value of the image of water for readers.
The abstract material is structured by chapters, headings to parts of the text reflect the content of the chapters. The material of the abstract is presented diversified, the student gives examples illustrating theoretical positions, expresses his opinion on the problem, arguing that the value of water at all times was very high, and this is easy to trace in Russian folklore.
As a result of the work, the graduate concluded that works on the pages of which water is depicted are the best educators that can convince a person that water is life, that the preservation of life on Earth depends on the safety of water. This means that we are responsible for this life.
The work complies with the norms of the Russian literary language, written speech the student is literate, emotional, convincing.
Annotation.
In his work “Living dead water…” Andrey Alekseev shows the role of water in literature, starting from folklore and ending with our days. The fifth grader proves that with the help of literary works it is possible to restore respect for water, which is so necessary in our time.
- Introduction.
- Living dead water. (On the pages of literature from fairy tales to the present day.)
- Water in small genres of folklore.
- Water in fairy tales.
- Water in the literature of the twentieth century.
- Observation results.
- Conclusion.
- Bibliography.
- Introduction to the topic
Water… Poems and songs, stories and scientific works are devoted to it. "Juice of life" - this is how the greatest artist and thinker Leonardo da Vinci called water. This definition is correct, because life originated in water.
Water is the greatest value for all inhabitants of the Earth. Under normal conditions, it is necessary to drink at least two and a half liters of water per day, a person needs water more than food. about many interesting facts related to water, I learned on class hour when we talked about the benefits of water, about careful attitude to it. There I heard the words of the French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery: “Water, you have neither taste nor smell, you cannot be described, they enjoy you without knowing what you are. It cannot be said that you are necessary for life: you are life itself. You fill us with a joy that cannot be explained by our feelings. With you, the forces that we have already said goodbye are returning to us. By your mercy, the dried-up springs of our hearts begin to seethe in us again. You are the greatest treasure in the world…”
On that day at school, all lessons addressed the topic of water. At the lesson of literature, we stopped at some works in which water plays an important role. It was then that water, its place and role in literature attracted our attention as a subject of research.
We set before ourselvesgoal: to show the role of water in literature from folklore to the present day and the educational value of the image of water for readers.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks:
- Determine the genres of literature in which water is depicted.
- Find out what role water plays in each particular work.
- Find out if the image of water differs depending on the time of creation of the work.
- Show the meaning of the image of water for readers.
We are sure that the topic we have chosen is relevant now. All the inhabitants of our planet know that the supply of fresh water on Earth is limited. But not everyone, unfortunately, follows the rules of careful and economical attitude to water. Therefore, with the help of literary works, I would like once again to remind earthlings of the value, features and possibilities of water, that man and water are one. Moreover, with age, many schoolchildren forget about the importance of the place and role of water in literary works. This was also shown by our survey: fifth-graders quickly and more named works (of course, fairy tales) in which water occurs, but ninth-graders did it much more slowly. As a result, it turned out that the children associated the following fairy tales with water: “About the fisherman and the goldfish” by A.S. Pushkin (74%), “Geese-swans” (67%), “Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka” (49% ) “The Little Mermaid” by G.H. Andersen (26%), “ flying ship" (eleven %). Moreover, the last two tales of the guys were called based on cartoons. This means that it is very important to remind schoolchildren of the role of water, which has been highly valued since ancient times. Therefore, the practical value of my work is also visible.
- Water in small genres of folklore
So much has been said about water! Already our ancient ancestors dedicated proverbs, songs, riddles to her. Proverbs, expressing folk wisdom, not only decorate our speech, but also teach respect for nature, including water. Listen to them: “Forest and water paint the field”, “April streams wake up water”, “Bread and water are heroic food”, “Water will find a way”, “Deep water does not muddy”.
Many of the Russian people and popular expressions(phraseological units) about water. (By the way, Homer called them winged, because from the mouth of the speaker they seem to fly to the ear of the listener.) Each of them can be replaced by a neutral synonym understandable to everyone, but not as vivid and figurative as a winged word. For example, “Looking into the water” - as if he knew in advance; “Water with a sieve to carry” - to engage in useless business; “He took water in his mouth” - is silent; “The water will not stir up” - a humble person; “It will come out of the water dry” - will go unpunished; "Pour water on someone's mill" - act in someone's favor; “You won’t spill water” - very friendly; "Bring to clean water" - to reveal someone's dark deeds, etc. .
And how accurately and subtly the properties and features of water are emphasized in riddles!
Why not roll up the hill
Do not carry away in a sieve
And not to hold in your hands? (Water)
Walks without legs, swallows without a mouth. (River)
Hiding in the winter
I appear in the spring
I have fun in the summer
I go to bed in the fall. (River).
Here's a modern riddle:
If your hands are in wax,
If there are blots on the nose,
Who then is our first friend,
Will it remove dirt from the face and hands?
What Mom Can't Do Without
No cooking, no washing
Without what, we will say directly,
Man to die?
To make it rain from the sky
To grow ears of bread
For the ships to sail
We cannot live without ... (water).
I think everyone noticed that in the proverbs and riddles that have come down to us through the centuries, it is emphasized that water is part of nature, and in the more modern riddle given, the practical significance of water is emphasized.
- Water in fairy tales
Fairy tales are one of my favorite genres of literature. This is where water often has the main role, this is where it reigns as the hero of the work. Many of the Russian folk tales begin with the same beginning: "On the sea-ocean, on the island of Buyan ...". In fairy tales, water is found in various forms: rivers, seas, rain, living and dead water. In fairy tales, water has an important role: either it represents a formidable element, or, on the contrary, it helps the heroes of the work. We observed the role of water in several folk and author's tales.
So, in the folk tale “Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka”, water punishes the hero: “Ivanushka did not obey and got drunk from a goat's hoof. He got drunk and became a goat.”
In another no less famous fairy tale, "Geese-swans", the milk river helps the girl:
“Mother River, hide me!
- Drink my milk!
Nothing to do but drink. The river put her under the bank, the geese flew by.
From “The Tale of Magical Water” we learn that water can reconcile people: “And since then they stopped quarreling and began to live as in their youth. And all because as soon as the old man starts screaming, the old woman is now for magic water. What a power there is in her!”
Exactly at folk tales for the first time we met living and dead water, so it is necessary to at least briefly dwell on these concepts.
“Living water (strong or heroic) in the folk tales of all Indo-European peoples is a symbol of spring rain, which resurrects the earth from winter sleep. She restores life to the dead and sight to the blind. The difference between dead and living water appears only in Slavic fairy tales and is not repeated anywhere. Dead water is sometimes called healing: it heals inflicted wounds, splices the dissected parts of a dead body, but does not yet resurrect it, only sprinkling with living water returns it to life. According to Afanasiev, dead water is the first spring rain, driving ice and snow off the fields and, as it were, pulling together the dissected parts of mother earth, and the rains that follow give her greenery and flowers.
In the fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, water helps to resurrect the main character: “The Gray Wolf sprinkled Ivan Tsarevich’s wounds with dead water, the wounds healed; sprinkled it with living water - Ivan Tsarevich came to life.
In author's fairy tales, water gets a continuation. For example, in "Ruslan and Lyudmila" by A.S. Pushkin, the main character is helped by an old sorcerer who accompanies Ruslan in all his adventures, he also washes the wounds with dead water and revives the living knight. A. Pushkin borrowed this plot element from folk tales.
In the silent wilderness of the combustible steppes
Beyond the distant chain of wild mountains,
Dwellings of winds, thundering storms,
Where and witches bold look
Afraid to penetrate at a late hour,
The wonderful valley is hidden,
And in that valley there are two keys:
One flows like a living wave,
On the stones merrily murmuring,
He pours dead water;
Everything is quiet around, the winds are sleeping,
The coolness of spring does not blow,
Centennial pines do not make noise,
Birds do not curl, doe does not dare
In the heat of summer, drink from secret waters;
A couple of spirits from the beginning of the world,
Silent in the bosom of the world,
The dense coast guards...
With two empty jugs
A hermit appeared before them;
Interrupted by the spirits of an old dream
And they left full of fear.
Bending down, he plunges
Vessels in virgin waves;
Filled, disappeared in the air
And found myself in two moments
In the valley where Ruslan lay
In blood, mute, motionless;
And the old man stood over the knight,
And sprinkled with dead water,
And the wounds shone in an instant,
And the corpse of wonderful beauty
flourished; then living water
The old man sprinkled the hero,
And cheerful, full of new strength,
Trembling with young life
Ruslan gets up on a clear day
Eyes greedy looking ... .
And from the fairy tale “The Humpbacked Horse” by Pyotr Ershov, we learn that water can rejuvenate and make beautiful:
Here the horse wagged its tail,
I dipped my muzzle into those boilers,
I jumped at Ivan twice,
He whistled loudly.
Ivan looked at the horse
And immediately dived into the cauldron,
Here in another, there in the third too.
And he became so handsome
What can not be said in a fairy tale
Do not write with a pen!
Here he is dressed up in a dress,
The king-maiden bowed,
He looked around, cheering up.
With an air of importance, like a prince.
Water helps the heroes of A.S. Pushkin in The Tale of Tsar Saltan. When the mother and child - victims of slander - were placed in a barrel and thrown into the sea, the sea took pity on them and threw them ashore:
"You, my wave, wave!
You are gulliva and free;
You splash wherever you want
You sharpen sea stones
You drown the shore of the earth,
Raise the ships
Do not destroy our soul:
Throw us out on land!"
And the wave listened:
Right there on the shore
The barrel was taken out lightly
And she sank quietly." .
And in the fairy tale “The Little Mermaid” by G.Kh. Andersen, water, the sea is the main character’s home, and only there does she feel happy: blue - blue, like the petals of the most beautiful cornflowers, and transparent, transparent, like the purest glass, only very deep, so deep that no anchor rope is enough.
In another fairy tale by Andersen, “The Ugly Duckling”, for the main character, water also plays a big role in fate: “And he sank into the water and swam towards a beautiful swan, who, seeing him, also swam towards him ...” Water helped him, because thanks to reflection in the lake he saw not an ugly duckling, but a beautiful swan. This saved his life.
Thus, from all that has been said above, we can conclude that the theme and image of water occupies a huge place in fairy tales. In them, she is a living being who helps positive heroes and punishes negative ones.
- Water in 20th century literature
Poets and writers of the 20th century also devoted many lines to water, making it the heroine of many works. Among the writers who created the best works K. G. Paustovsky, of course, stands out about the Motherland and its riches. I am still little familiar with his work, but I already know his story "Meshcherskaya Side".
In it, K. Paustovsky wrote about forest rivers and canals “about two streams - Solotcha and Pre, flowing south through forests, swamps and burnt areas. Solotcha is a winding and shallow river. In its barrels stand under the banks of a flock of ides. The water in Solotch is red. Peasants call such water "harsh". The Pra flows from the northern Meshchora lakes to the Oka. There are very few trees along the banks. In the old days, schismatics settled in Pre, in dense forests. In addition to rivers, there are many canals in the Meshchora region. Even under Alexander II, General Zhilinsky decided to drain the Meshchora swamps and create a big lands for colonization… Now these canals have died out and are overgrown with swamp grasses. Ducks nest in them, lazy tenches and nimble loaches live. These channels are very picturesque. They go deep into the forests. Thickets hang over the water in dark arches. It seems that every channel leads to mysterious places.
You read such lines and you feel that the author not only knows these places well, but also loves them wholeheartedly. And this is no coincidence. The Meshchersky region is the last love of K. Paustovsky. Dedicating to him a whole scattering of amazingly poetic, even musical, stories, the writer reminds us that we must protect our world, this beautiful land.
On the advice of a literature teacher, I recently read E. Nosov's story "The Doll" and was simply shocked. The narrative begins with a description of the narrator’s favorite places: “Day and night funnels rumble, gurgle and sob ...”, “At night, by the pool, it’s not at all comfortable, when suddenly the washed-up shore suddenly collapses heavily and slashes all over the water with a flat tail, like a board, the seasoned owner-catfish rising from the pit ... ".
And now, a few years later, the narrator again finds himself in the same places. What does he see now? “I went and did not recognize the river. The channel narrowed, became infested, the clean sands on the bends were covered with cocklebur and hard butterbur, many unfamiliar shoals and spits appeared. ... all the yazovy expanse bristled with a bunch and spikes of an arrowhead, and everywhere, where it is still free from grasses, black bottom mud is rushing, fertilized from an excess of fertilizers carried by rains from the fields ... Where it used to be terribly twisted and swirling, a dirty gray melyak stuck out with a hump , similar to a large dead fish ".
What a huge difference between the two sketches of the river! If in the first light, summer-like bright colors evoke a feeling of warmth, joy, then in the second - the colors are gloomy, dirty. Clear and open distances were replaced by other pictures: “the channel narrowed”, “pure sands were sucked in”. E. Nosov sees the reason for the shallowing of the river, changes in nature, in thoughtless management, the use of a large number of chemicals.
The most terrible thing, according to the author, is that people are growing indifferent attitude towards each other, cruelty towards nature. It is still possible to change the situation if everyone thinks about it, works on themselves, treats earthly wealth with care. And one more thing makes you think about the story of E. Nosov. Perhaps, in the twentieth century, the phrase “dead water” also changes its meaning. It no longer seems to be a liquid that can heal wounds or fuse dismembered parts of the body. Now the word “dead” is perceived in its direct meaning in relation to water, i.e., according to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, “1. Dead, deprived of life. 2. Deprived of vitality, revival. 3. Fruitless, useless.
When I read the beginning of E. Nosov's story, I recognized our native Kutuluk in the second description of the river. The same shallow water with mud and mud, the same banks overgrown with weeds and bushes, and even mountains of garbage dumped here by some residents of our village or left by lovers to relax in nature. Of course, there are among the Krotovites those who treat the river with care; of course, its shores are regularly cleaned (including us schoolchildren). But as long as cruel, heartless people live among us, who do not understand that they harm themselves when they destroy the river, we will hear the "sigh of river water." This is what the poem of the teacher of our school Borisenko N.P.
April hasn't started yet.
And the ice on the river has risen.
And soon, soon will carry
She is transparent brittle ice.
And along the gentle shores
Spring will come towards us.
And my river is glad to her:
She will fill the shores
Reminds me of the splashing of the waves of spring
Her old days
When from the crystal shores
I looked into the river of blue bushes,
When in the evening the nightingale
I sang about my love to my river ...
Spring will pass, the water will subside -
There will be no trace of joy.
In shallow water - mud, silt,
There is only rubbish on the banks.
And the sigh of river water is heard -
So they are waiting for sorrows, waiting for troubles ...
Unfortunately, with such terrible and sad works, everything is replenished and replenished. modern literature. Their authors are also schoolchildren participating in competitions of ecological fairy tales and poems. And the hero of such works is often water.
- Observation results
Having made observations on the texts of various works, we made several important conclusions:
- Water is depicted in different genres of literature: proverbs and sayings, riddles and songs, stories, novels, poems and poems.
- In each genre, water plays a special role, most often helping a person or punishing him.
- The image of water in the works of literature of the twentieth century acquires a new direction - ecological.
- The theme and image of water in literature is important for the reader, because help to form an intolerant attitude towards water pollution and destruction.
- Conclusion
Finishing the observation of the theme of water in literature, we draw the main conclusion: works on the pages of which water is depicted are the best educators that can convince a person that water is life, that the preservation of life on Earth depends on the safety of water. This means that we are responsible for this life. It remains only to ask yourself: are you using what is given by nature correctly, are you wasting the precious “juice of life” that you did so that the water would cease to be dead in direct meaning this word? The truth, hidden in literature from ancient times to the present day, brightens the memory and thoughts, makes you look at such familiar water with different eyes. And I involuntarily recall a poem that I accidentally stumbled upon on the website of Nail Bigeev and which no longer gets out of my head:
Born a peaceful spring
Or a thunderstorm.
Grows like a brook
Then the mighty river.
Brings wealth, kindness.
There is no limit to her strength
And her ships in the port,
Tired of work
Standing thinking about
How to make life more beautiful
What will happen to us later
And what about our Earth.
How many fish live in it
Beautiful but silent
Like a fiery flight of thoughts,
Excellent melting.
And with her through life for centuries,
overgrown, steep,
Native shores are coming
Beaten, steel.
She caresses them always
For their loyalty and strength.
They will never change
And forever be cute.
Born a pure spring
Or thunderous thunder
Will leave silently so - secretly
And then it becomes a cloud.
It's hard for me to understand her
She's so fluid...
Now ice, then steam, and then again
Beautiful and powerful.
And yet, whatever
We love her passionately.
She gave birth to a living
It is useless to scold her.
Bibliography
Folklore of the peoples of Russia. In 2 vols. Vol. 1: M .: Bustard, 2002 ..
Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, ed. A.I. Molotkova. - M., 1967.
Folklore of the peoples of Russia. In 2 vols. Vol. 2: M.: Bustard, 2002.
Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and Efron. - M., 2007, p. 207
Pushkin A.S. Ruslan and Ludmila.
Ershov P.I. The Little Humpbacked Horse.
Pushkin A.S. The Tale of Tsar Saltan.
Paustovsky K.G. Meshcherskaya side.
Nosov E.I. Doll / Literature. 7th grade. Textbook-reader for educational institutions. At 2 pm Part 2 / Auth. V.Ya.Korovina, M., 2003, p.158.
Ibid, p. 159.
Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1994, p.347.
www.storybook.ru/russian/
Each year the United Nations (UN) chooses a theme as part of the celebration world day water and for the whole year, which emphasizes the role of water. main topic 2006 - Water and culture.
People plan their cities by the water, bathe in the water, work with the water. Our life is based on water and shaped by water. The sacred attitude to water is known all over the world. Water is at the heart of many religions. The charming and ephemeral image of water has been represented in the art of many centuries: in music, painting, literature, cinema.
In the culture of many peoples of the world, water is considered the beginning of all beginnings. IN Ancient Greece seven classical sages were revered (Thales, Biant, Pitas, Salon, etc.), each of whom, according to legend, left at least one wise saying. The first of the sages who opened this list, Thales of Miles (624-547 BC), said: “All the elements of the world, the world itself and what is born in it, arises from water. And he returns to it. The earth floats on water. He owns the words: "Indeed, water is the best." You can read about this in the article by R.V.Bobrov "Fishing happiness in clear water". (Nature and man. Light. - 2003. - No. 6. - P. 66-67).
Pliny the Elder (23 - 79 AD) confirmed this idea with the words: “When water descends from heaven, it is the cause of everything growing on Earth ... this gives reason to conclude that all forces on Earth come from water.”
But who will argue with that! Until the 18th century, alchemists believed that water could be turned into any substance. Ancient legends about the creation of the world claimed that in the beginning there was darkness, the primary universal sea. Descartes Rene (1596-1650) in the treatise "The Beginning of Philosophy" (1644) devoted a special section to water - "On the nature of water, and why it easily turns either into air or into ice."
The statement that water is the primary source of everything became an axiom of the philosophy of the ancient world. Robert Boyle (1627–1691) wrote: "... the chaos from which everything arose, the material basis of the universe, was water."
Water transforms the face of the globe. This idea was very accurately expressed by the American idealist philosopher (and writer) Ralph Waldo Emerson. “Let the river flow wherever it wants, cities will grow on its banks anyway.” So you can talk endlessly on the topic water and architecture. At our exhibition "Water and Culture", we presented articles from the magazine "Beautiful Houses", which reveal a modern interpretation of this topic. And from history, each of you can name wonderful examples of the harmony of buildings with water. This is especially true of old estates. Water spreads and mixes peoples, creating a creative environment for each new generation.
Poets, writers, artists have dedicated and continue to dedicate their works to water, make water the heroine of their works.
A.S. Pushkin dedicated many beautiful lines to the element of water:
"Fountain of the Bakhchisarai Palace":
Fountain of love, fountain alive!
I brought you two roses as a gift.
I love your silent voice
And poetic tears.
your silver dust
Cold dew sprinkles me
Ah, flow, flow, the key of comfort!
Murmur, murmur your story to me ...
"To sea"
Farewell, free element!
For the last time in front of me
You roll blue waves
And you shine with proud beauty ...
Farewell, sea! I won't forget
Your solemn beauty
And for a long, long time I will hear
Your buzz in the evening hours.
In the forests, in the deserts are silent
I will transfer, full of you,
Your rocks, your bays
And shine, and shadow, and the sound of waves.
K. Paustovsky in the story “Meshchorskaya side” wrote about forest rivers and canals “about two rivulets - Solotcha and Pre, flowing south through forests, swamps and burnt areas. Solotcha is a winding and shallow river. In its barrels stand under the banks of a flock of ides. The water in Solotch is red. Peasants call such water "harsh". The Pra flows from the northern Meshchora lakes to the Oka. There are very few trees along the banks. In the old days, schismatics settled in Pre, in dense forests. In addition to rivers, there are many canals in the Meshchora region. Even under Alexander II, General Zhilinsky decided to drain the Meshchora swamps and create large lands near Moscow for colonization ... Now these canals have died out and are overgrown with swamp grasses. Ducks nest in them, lazy tenches and nimble loaches live. These channels are very picturesque. They go deep into the woods. Thickets hang over the water in dark arches. Each channel seems to lead to mysterious places."
Poets silver age dedicated many heartfelt lines to the water element. Vasily Zota wrote a cycle of poems "Volga". One of the poems:
"Russian beauty"
Having escaped with a frolic from the heights of Valdai,
She ran for a long time with such a frail,
But, having merged with the watery Eye,
You have grown like a young maiden.
Girlfriend Kama, disappearing in the forests,
Hooked ... You met with a wave
And you rush to the Caspian along your native path,
All young in face, gray-haired in years.
A girl's life is not life without a groom,
And a young man without a sweet life is torment.
Ah, the stormy beautiful current! ..
Alexander Fedorov created a cycle of poems "Ocean".
Ocean
How much in this word - the ocean!
As a child, I sensed a tendency to wander,
I loved animals of countries unknown to me,
Tropical flowers and paints nakedness.
But the thought of you made me feel drunk
Oh, ocean, bottomlessness of heaven and water!
Like a slave - obsequious, omnipotent, like a titan,
All-reflective and all-reflection itself.
You are the mirror of the universe. I love
the thickness of your green bowels,
Longing, wandering restless waves.
And, entrusting his life to the ship,
I do not entrust it to the boards, I entrust it to the waves,
And I measure your strength with mine.
Each area of culture finds different means to sing the praises of water. And each of them recognizes its value and the central place of water in human life.
Municipal treasury educational institution
Sergeevskaya average comprehensive school
Research on the literature on the topic
"A living image of the sea
in works
Russian poets and writers
Report to the school scientific and practical conference"Water is the precious source of life"
MKOU Sergeevskaya secondary school, grade 11,
Head: Bednyakova Inga Alekseevna,
teacher of Russian language and literature.
year 2014
Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face, -
It has a soul, it has freedom,
It has love, it has a language...
(F.I. Tyutchev)
slide 2
As an epigraph to our work, we took lines from a poem by the Russian poet F.I. Tyutchev. In them, the poet tells us about “living” nature, that she is “not a cast, not a soulless face”, she is “alive”, « it has a soul, it has freedom, it has love, it has a language...”. And everything that is connected with nature, its integral parts: forest, mountains, river, sky and much more can come to life in the works of Russian poets and writers.
slide 3
The purpose of the research work: to reveal and show the image of the sea in fiction as a living and animated image
slide 4
In our research work we watched the water come to life, in
in particular the sea, on the pages of fiction.
For example, in a poem by V.A. Zhukovsky, the sea is depicted as a free element, an endless space that does not obey anyone's laws.
When dark clouds gather
To take away the clear sky from you -
You fight, you howl, you raise waves,
You tear and torment the hostile darkness...
Or pulls you out of earthly bondage
Far bright sky to yourself? ..
Mysterious, sweet full of life,
You are pure in the presence of his pure:
You pour its luminous azure,
You burn with evening and morning light,
You caress his golden clouds
And joyfully shine with its stars.
So, the sea in Zhukovsky's poem appears as a living being. The image of the living sea is embodied with the help of personifications: “you breathe”, “burn”, “caress”, “tremble”, “You fight, you howl, you raise waves, You tear and torment the hostile darkness...”
slide 5
In the poem by A.S. Pushkin, the sea is a symbol of any natural and human element. Pushkin likens the sea to a living creature possessed by rebellious impulses of the spirit:
But you jumped, irresistible,
And a flock of sinking ships.
Like you, mighty, deep and gloomy,
Like you, nothing is indomitable.
So, the sea in Pushkin's poem also appears as a living being.
slide 6
In F.I. Tyutchev’s poem “How good you are, O night sea ...”, the poet also endows the sea with a “living soul”:
***
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...
So, in the poem by F.I. Tyutchev, the sea also appears in a living image (“walks”, “breathes”, “shines”, “celebrating”).
Slide 7
In M. Gorky's story "Malva", the sea is brighter, more figuratively embodies the signs of a living being. This is confirmed by the numerous personifications that the writer uses in this story: “the sea laughed”, “shuddered”, “smiled”, “the sea was happy”, “sighing drowsily”.
Slide 8
In one more story by M. Gorky - "Chelkash" a living image of the sea is also revealed to us. When Gorky describes the scene of the theft of "goods" from the ship, the sea is always actor witness and accomplice of what is happening. "The night was dark... the sea was calm, black and thick as butter." The sea also has all the features inherent in a living being: “It [the sea] breathed a wet, salty aroma and sounded affectionately, splashing on the sides of the ships, on the shore, slightly rocking Chelkash’s boat. The sea reflected the lights of the lanterns and was dotted with a mass of yellow spots. They fluttered beautifully on his velvet, soft, matte black. The sea slept with a healthy, sound sleep of a worker who was very tired during the day.
So, in this work by Gorky, the sea is not only a living creature (“breathed”, “sounded”, “splashing”, “swaying”, “slept”), but it also replaced the main character’s house, family, the sea was something for him then big
Slide 9
Conclusion
After conducting this study, we found out that the theme of the sea is revealed in different ways in the works of Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Tyutchev and Gorky.
At Zhukovsky, the sea is, first of all, psychological image, a landscape of the soul of a lyrical hero.
In Pushkin, the image of the sea is understood more broadly: it is both the romantic ideal of absolute freedom, and the element of creativity, and the symbol life path person.
Tyutchev's sea is a living being, which the poet admires, is surprised by his great sea element, which is able to charm and hypnotize a person.
At the Gorky Sea, it is a symbol of something beautiful in people's lives, in which there is a lot of ugly, painful, dirty and even terrible, and it is also a symbol of free and free elements.
Capacious and rich in colors, the image of the sea changes from poet to poet, reflecting the originality of their work. But they all agree that the sea is a living creature that can feel, understand, think, love, rage.
We have proved the supposed hypothesis that the image of the sea in fiction is a living and animated image.
Thank you for your attention.
Learning theme project Ecological monitoring of water bodies. The work was done by 11th grade students Nastya Shishkina and Masha Bakulina. Head: teacher of Russian language and literature Filina Nadezhda Andreevna
The educational theme of the project is Ecological monitoring of water bodies. The work was done by 11th grade students Nastya Shishkina and Masha Bakulina. Head: teacher of Russian language and literature Filina Nadezhda Andreevna
Object of study: literature. Novelty: the theme of water in the works of writers and poets remains not fully explored, therefore, it has not lost its sharpness even today. Hypothesis: water is life, Literature is an image and reflection of life.
Purpose: study of the topic of water in the literature. Tasks: - within the framework of the project, arrange and conduct a thematic tour "Literature about water" in school library; - collect and structure information from printed and electronic textbooks; - present the results of the study in the form of an electronic presentation.
Progress of the research: - designed and conducted a thematic tour "Literature about water" in the school library; - collected and structured information from printed and electronic textbooks; - presented the results of the study in the form of an electronic presentation.
Results of theoretical research: Water association phraseology river man tears symbol folklore name
Water is a river. We find the first mention of water in the annals in the "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh": "There is great benefit from book teaching ... After all, these are rivers that water the universe, these are sources of wisdom ..."
Using the image of a river for comparison, hundreds of years later L. Tolstoy would write: “People are like rivers: the water is the same in everyone and the same everywhere, but each river is sometimes narrow, sometimes fast, sometimes wide, sometimes quiet, sometimes clean, sometimes cold, sometimes muddy, sometimes warm…”
G. R. Derzhavin pays special attention to water. In 1807, the poet creates the poem "Water Cannon" ("A ray of noise, a water cannon, Dew pours from Above! ... Hear my last sigh"), but the last one, probably, became the most famous, philosophical and tragic: "The river of times in its aspiration Carries away all the affairs of people ... "This river of time has flowed from Derzhavin to the present day, it is eternal and unchanging, unlike us.
Water is a person. In literature, water helps us to imagine the change of seasons (especially vividly in the poems of F. I. Tyutchev), the power natural phenomena evokes philosophical reflections. We can single out this feature in Pushkin, Lermontov ...
Water-tears. "Tears of the people..." With what only they were not compared: with rain, a drop; as soon as they were not called poetically, but the essence of this salty moisture never changed, remaining a symbol of grief, human despair. For M. I. Tsvetaeva, these are the tears of the unrequited love of an abandoned woman: “And her tears are water, and blood is water, she washed herself in blood, in tears!”, And A. Akhmatova has a universal cry for the innocently killed, repressed
Water is the name. Marina is sea. Moses - drawn (from the water). Who is made of stone, who is made of clay, And I silver and sparkle! My business is treason, my name is Marina, I am the mortal foam of the sea ... (M. Tsvetaeva)
Water in folklore. In fairy tales: Many Russian fairy tales begin with a fabulous beginning: "On the sea - the ocean, on the island of Buyan ...". It is given fabulous, magical properties. Heroes in fairy tales drink water from a puddle and reincarnate as animals, wash themselves with spring water and become even more beautiful, rush in a vat of boiling water and become younger.Water helps good heroes, sheltering them from evil ones.
The most famous water folklore character is Mermaid. A mermaid is found in A. S. Pushkin's "Mermaid", in Gogol's " May night... "They came to literature from oral folk art, inheriting the main features: defenselessness, the need for love, fidelity.
Vodyanoy is the master of water, each body of water has its own. Everyone appeases him: both fishermen and millers. Water - an evil spirit, but loves only good treatment. The appearance is repulsive: huge paws with long fingers, eyes glowing with green fire, tail and horns, all overgrown with moss, wrapped in mud. True, now the water and mermaids are tight: the rivers are getting shallow, the lakes are drying up, and they are uncomfortable in the salty water of the oceans.
Another fairy-tale character related to water is Kikimora. It includes swamp devils of naughty daughters of angry mothers, from which Kikimoras appear: naughty, mischievous creatures that can confuse anyone.
Water-symbol As a rule, in all legends and tales, the lake is a two-way mirror that separates the natural and supernatural worlds. The symbolism of water as a transitional state explains a large number of myths in which lakes separate the world of the living and the dead. And to get rid of evil spirits, you need to sprinkle water on it or throw it into a pond
Water and phraseology. Water will not spill anyone. Razg. Very friendly, inseparable. Carry water on whom. Razg. To burden someone with hard, humiliating work. From the last : They carry water on angry people. As if, as if, as if he had taken water in his mouth (-la-li). Prost. Unapproved (Like) speechless. The water won't muddy. Razg. Approval Very meek, meek, submissive. Wed : won't hurt a fly
Conclusion: - designed and conducted a thematic tour "Literature about water"; - collected and structured information from printed and electronic textbooks; - presented the results of the study in the form of an electronic presentation.
The hypothesis was confirmed: Water is life. Literature is an image and reflection of life.
Information resources: http://pushkin. aha. en/TEXT/map. htm http://www. web-web. ru/http://www. geocities. com/Athens/Ithaca/3880/osn. html http://yamal. org/ook/ http://writerstob. people. ru/ http://mlis. en/
Thank you for your attention
