The Cambridge History of the Ancient World 1. “The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. About the translation of the name

Plan:

1 About the translation of the name
2 The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"
3 Original (or "old") CAH
- 3.1 general information
- 3.2 Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version of CAH
- 3.3 Valuation of the "old" CAH
4 New option CAH
- 4.1 Revised (or "interim") edition of CAH volumes I and II
- 4.2 Third Edition I-II volumes CAH
- 4.3 New edition of the rest of the CAH (Vols III-XIV)
5 Composition of the current CAH
6 Russian translation CAH

Introduction

The Cambridge Ancient History. (Cambridge History ancient world. Several volumes of the 2nd and 3rd editions).

"Cambridge History of the Ancient World"(English) , abbr.: CAH) - the largest English-language reference book on ancient history; published by Cambridge University Press. It is a comprehensive summation of current knowledge about the main aspects historical development Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - until 324 AD).

It is one of the three main Cambridge stories" (together with The Cambridge Modern History And The Cambridge Medieval History), representing the British version of "general history".

1. About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated (including in scientific papers) How " Cambridge Ancient History" (or " cambridge ancient history"). This option is not quite correct for two reasons: firstly, in its meaning, it would have to mean the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you make a reverse translation of this name, it should turn out The Ancient History of Cambridge; second, the word Ancient» in the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East; however Russian word"antiquity" (like the adjective "antique") has a special meaning and is usually applied to ancient greece and to ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the ancient East.

2. The project of "universal" Cambridge stories»

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The Cambridge Ancient History.

A project to create a comprehensive work that consistently talks about historical process from antiquity to the present dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, Regius Professor modern history in Cambridge, developed a plan for publishing The Cambridge Modern History("The Cambridge History of Modernity"). The idea was that each chapter was written by a separate author, an expert on the topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was maintained so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and quotations from sources were to be translated into English language. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The plan for publishing The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also drafted the publication of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

These three large-scale series, by the very fact of their existence, finally consolidated the dominance of the three-part periodization in the Western concept of historical time (Ancient World - Middle Ages - New (modern) history).

3. Original (or "old") CAH

3.1. general information

The original version of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World was published between 1923 and 1939. 8 volumes were originally planned. However, by the third volume, this scheme was broken: what should have been volume III became volumes III and IV. As a result, 12 text volumes and 5 volumes with illustrations appeared.

J. Bury, the initiator of the project, was the editor of the first six volumes; S. Cook and F. Adcock worked on all twelve volumes; M. Charlesworth - over volumes from VII to XII, and N. Baines was among the editors of the last, XII volume. Among all the most important role belonged to Adcock.

The authors of the first five volumes were predominantly British scholars, but from Volume VI the international involvement became more prominent. "Cambridge" this enterprise was by no means in terms of the composition of the participants, but in terms of publishing, as well as according to the principles laid down in " The Cambridge Modern History". However, editors CAH some exceptions have been made to these rules. Thus, in the first volumes devoted to the East and Greece, the principle of strict editorial control over the uniformity and consistency of the text was not fully observed: in the preface to Volume I, the editors speak of "overlaps" in certain topics "where there is so much ambiguity", and directly admit that the authors may not agree with each other.

3.2. Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on ancient history region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

3.3. Rating "old" CAH

Cover of Volume IV of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World, 1954.

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for either the average reader, who could easily get confused in numerous unexplained details, or serious researchers and teachers who needed more links to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses and interpretations of events.

Another shortcoming pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned preoccupation with political and military history characteristic of the first edition. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other, ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs, are written by different authors, while the editor is entrusted with the task of combining the fruits of this massive production into a whole.

Nevertheless, many heads of the "old" CAH still have not lost their scientific value and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant areas of the science of antiquity. This, for example, fully applies to chapters and sections of chapters written by M. I. Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI).

4. New option CAH

4.1. Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

There was no point in correcting the old version, so a fundamentally new text was written. Most of the works now included in the bibliography were "new", that is, published after 1923. No conscious cuts were made to the earlier bibliography. This circumstance clearly shows what a huge amount of work was done by historians of the ancient Near East in the period between the beginning of the 20s and the beginning of the 60s. XX century.

4.2. Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

Between 1970 and 1975 separate editions of the revised edition of the first two volumes were brought together, finalized and published in the 3rd edition in the form of four semi-volumes (volume I: part 1 and part 2; volume II: part 1 and part 2).

4.3. New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

After that, there was a pause, during which a revision of the structure was carried out CAH. Release of the rest CAH began in 1982. The entire series was completed in 2005. The material has been revised and expanded chronologically and thematically.

Due to the sharply increased research interest in late antiquity, the new edition ends not in 324 (with the establishment of the autocracy of Constantine), but in 602 (with the death of Emperor Mauritius). Thus, CAH ceased to chronologically fit in with The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages and grew from 12 volumes to 14, consisting of 19 books of about a thousand pages each (the first two volumes, as said, are divided into four semi-volumes, and the third volume consists of three parts).

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, system government controlled, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Each chapter, as in all other Cambridge stories, is written by a separate author. The team of authors is international. Interestingly, the number of authors from the University of Oxford outnumbers those from the University of Cambridge, which the Oxford reviewers note without any satisfaction.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New», « New».

5. Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).
Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IV. Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 B.C. 1988. (2nd ed.).
Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VI. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VII. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VII. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69. 1996. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.
Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

6. Russian translation CAH

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Vol. III, part 3.

The project to publish the Russian translation of "The Cambridge Ancient History" (volumes 2 and 3) is carried out by the Moscow publishing house "Ladomir". So far, only one book has been translated from the entire large series:

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 3, Part 3: Expansion of the Greek world. VIII-VI centuries BC. e. Ed. J. Boardman and N.-J.-L. Hammond. Per. from English, preparation of the text, foreword and notes by A. V. Zaikov. M.: Ladomir, 2007. 653 p. ISBN 978-5-86218-467-9

Notes

According to Peter Rhodes; see his article: P. J. Rhodes: The Cambridge Ancient History - www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1999/rhodes.html
See "Preface" to Volume I of the 1924 edition, pp. VIII-IX (CAH. Vol. I. 2nd ed., 1924).
1 2 Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, no. 1 (1963), p. 116. - www.jstor.org/pss/597772
Collingwood R. J. The Idea of History. Autobiography. M.: Nauka, 1980. S. 142.
For CAH M. I. Rostovtsev wrote the following chapters: “Ptolemaic Egypt”, “Syria and the East”, “Pergamum”, “Rhodes, Delos and Hellenistic Trade”, “Bosporan Kingdom”, “Pontus and Its Neighbors”, “Sarmatians and Parthians ". Work on the "Cambridge" chapters was connected with the plans of M. I. Rostovtsev to write his famous book "Social and economic history Hellenistic world". The Russian original of two chapters - "Ptolemaic Egypt" and "Syria and the East" were published first in the journal VDI (for 1999 and 2000), and then in a more complete version in the book: Parthian Shot. M., 2003. Pp. 318-387.

Literature

P.J. Rhodes, The Cambridge Ancient History, in: HISTOS (The Electronic Journal of Ancient Historiography at the University of Durham). Vol. 3 (1999). - www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1999/rhodes.html

"Cambridge History of the Ancient World"(eng. The Cambridge Ancient History, abbr.: CAH) - the largest English-language reference book on ancient history; published by Cambridge University Press.

It is a comprehensive summary of modern knowledge about the main aspects of the historical development of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - until 324 AD).

It is one of the three main Cambridge stories" (together with The Cambridge Modern History And The Cambridge Medieval History), representing the British version of "universal" history.

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Subtitles

The study of the DNA sequence of the ancient people of the Americas has renewed the debate about one of the biggest migrations in human history, namely the settlement of North and South America. In the period from about 28 to 11 thousand years ago, ancient people moved between North-Eastern Siberia and North America, along the now flooded land called Beringia. This name was first proposed in 1937 by the Swedish botanist and geographer Erik Hulten. However, it is very difficult, according to the data that scientists currently have, to judge the number of migrations that have occurred over such a long period of time. The complete genome isolated from the skull of one of the babies that were discovered in 2013 in the Tanana River Basin, central Alaska, part of ancient Beringia and dated 11.5 thousand years ago, indicates that a certain part of ancient people lived in Beringia for thousands of years, in while other groups of settlers conquered North and South America. A team of scientists from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and the University of Cambridge in the UK, led by geneticist Eske Willerslev, repeatedly sequenced DNA in order to obtain a virtually complete copy of the genome. They then compared it to the genomes of modern American Indians and people throughout Eurasia and the Americas, as well as to the DNA of other ancient remains. By studying genetic similarities and estimating how long it would take for key mutations to manifest, the scientists compiled a family tree with approximate dates. As a result, it turned out that the remains found are not the direct ancestors of the Native Americans, although they are closely related to them. Most likely, both of them have common ancestors who came to the Americas more than 25 thousand years ago. This confirms the theory of Beringian rest. According to which the first Americans lived for thousands of years in the Far North, and then went to North and South America (when the climate began to warm about 12-15 thousand years ago). The researchers also found that the ancient Beringian baby is equally related to both northern and southern Native American genetic subgroups, implying that both subgroups come from the same wave of migrations. And only in the interval between 17.5 and 14.5 thousand years ago, one general group divided into subgroups much south of Beringia. Modern Indians belong to five main genetic groups (conventionally referred to as A, B, C, D and X). It is worth noting that even the found babies belong to different subgroups of mitochondrial DNA: C1b and B2. That is, their mothers were representatives of two different genetic subgroups. Using demographic modeling, the scientists concluded that the ancient Beringian population and the ancestors of other Native Americans descended from the same foundational population that originally split from the East Asians about 36,000 years ago, with gene flow maintained between 36,000 and 25,000 years. back. After that, the gene flow from the ancient northern Eurasians to all Native Americans came about 25-20 thousand years ago. And the ancient Beringians belong to the time interval from 22 to 18 thousand years ago. It should also be taken into account that migrations to the Northern and South America occurred later, after the formation of the genotypes of Native Americans. So after 11.5 thousand years, some of the northern populations of Native Americans received gene flow from Siberian populations, most closely related to the Koryaks - the inhabitants of modern Kamchatka, but not to the Paleo-Eskimos, Inuit or Kets. And in the end, the genotypes of the ancient inhabitants of Beringia were replaced or absorbed due to the return migration from the south. And in more recent times, with the emergence of means of transportation by sea, there have been other infusions into the genotypes of North and South Americans. However, the already established populations of both Americas absorbed or dissolved the genes of the small newly arrived peoples. I also consider it necessary to recall that the theory of the first migration to America from Australia and Oceania was refuted back in 2015 after DNA analyzes of Indian tribes with the most pronounced Australoid features in the structure of the skull. Why did one group of ancient migrants linger and prosper in Beringia, while another set off to explore the Americas? This question cannot be answered unequivocally, because different people The journey was motivated by various thoughts. There were people who were content with what they had. But there were others who looked into the distance and wanted to know what was beyond the horizon. And as soon as they entered North America, they were so carried away by what they saw that in just a few thousand years they conquered South America as well. A cultural or genetic proclivity for exploration may explain this speed.

About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated, including in scientific works, as " Cambridge Ancient History" or " cambridge ancient history". These options are not entirely correct for two reasons: firstly, in their meaning they should have meant the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you make a reverse translation of these names, it should turn out The Ancient History of Cambridge; second, the word Ancient» in the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East; however, the Russian word "antiquity" (like the adjective "antique") has a special meaning and is usually applied to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the Ancient East.

The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"

The project to produce a comprehensive work that consistently tells the historical process from ancient times to the present dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge, developed a plan for publishing The Cambridge Modern History("The Cambridge History of Modernity"). The idea was that each chapter was written by a separate author, an expert on the topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was maintained so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and quotations from sources had to be translated into English. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The plan for publishing The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also drafted the publication of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

These three large-scale series, by the very fact of their existence, finally consolidated the dominance of three-part periodization in the Western concept of historical time (Ancient world - Middle ages - New (modern) history).

original (or "old") CAH

general information

The authors of the first five volumes were predominantly British scholars, but from Volume VI the international involvement became more prominent. "Cambridge" this enterprise was by no means in terms of the composition of the participants, but in terms of publishing, as well as according to the principles laid down in " The Cambridge Modern History". However, editors CAH some exceptions have been made to these rules. Thus, in the first volumes devoted to the East and Greece, the principle of strict editorial control over the uniformity and consistency of the text was not fully observed: in the preface to Volume I, the editors speak of "overlaps" in certain topics "where there is so much ambiguity", and directly allow that the authors may not agree with each other.

Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the ancient history of the region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Rating "old" CAH

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for the average reader, who could easily get confused in the many unexplained details, nor for serious researchers and teachers, who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

Another shortcoming pointed out by reviewers was the old-fashioned preoccupation with political and military history characteristic of the first edition. Thus, according to R. J. Collingwood, CAH has become one of the classic incarnations of the view of history “as the sum of events isolated from each other, ... where chapters, and sometimes even paragraphs, are written by different authors, while the editor is entrusted with the task of uniting the fruits of this massive production into a whole.

Nevertheless, many chapters of the "old" CAH have not yet lost their scientific significance and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant areas of antiquity science. This, for example, fully applies to the chapters and sections of the chapters that were written by M. I. Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI) .

New option CAH

Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

As mentioned above, the first two volumes, published in 1923 and republished in 1924, became obsolete even before their publication. However, their revised edition ( Revised Edition) had to wait almost forty years. When the decision was finally made to release it, another problem arose - the editors could not receive manuscripts from all the authors participating in the project at the same time. In 1958, there was even a danger that the publishing house would abandon the plan to prepare a new edition altogether. It was only the decisive intervention of Sir Denis Page, a great antiquity scholar, a Cambridge professor who was then a syndic of the Cambridge University Press, that saved the project (although scientific interests Page himself were very far from the topics of the first two volumes). A revised edition of the first two volumes was published from 1961 to 1971 as separate issues (fascicles; 71 in total).

There was no point in correcting the old version, so a fundamentally new text was written. Most of the works now included in the bibliography were "new", that is, published after 1923. No conscious cut was made to the earlier bibliography. This circumstance clearly shows what a huge amount of work was done by historians of the ancient Near East in the period between the early 1920s and the early 1960s.

Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

Between 1970 and 1975, separate issues of the revised edition of the first two volumes were brought together, finalized and published in the 3rd edition in the form of four semi-volumes (Volume I, Part 1: “Prolegomena ( general introduction) and prehistory” and part 2: “ Early history Near and Middle East"; volume II, part 1: “Near and Middle East and the Aegean region. OK. 1800-1380 BC e." and part 2: “Near and Middle East and the Aegean region. OK. 1380-1000 BC e.").

New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

After that, there was a pause, during which a revision of the structure was carried out CAH. Release of the rest CAH started in 1982. The entire series was completed in 2005 (we are talking only about the main, textual volumes; the release of volumes with illustrations has not yet been completed). The material has been revised and expanded chronologically and thematically.

Due to the sharply increased research interest in late antiquity, the new edition ends not in 324 (the establishment of Constantine's autocracy), but in 602 (the death of Emperor Mauritius). Thus, CAH ceased to chronologically fit in with The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages and grew from 12 volumes to 14, consisting of 19 books of about a thousand pages each (the first two volumes, as it was said, are divided into four semi-volumes, and the third volume consists of three parts).

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, public administration system, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New», « New».

Illustrations for individual volumes

The text "Cambridge History of the Ancient World" is provided with a fairly large number of black and white drawings ( figures). In addition, as a supplement to the main volumes, separate volumes of illustrations were published ( Volumes of plates), most of which are photographs. The illustrations are accompanied by more or less detailed explanations and comments.

Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).
Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).
Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).
Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: Expansion of the Greek world. VIII-VI centuries BC. e.

Vol. IV. Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 B.C. 1988. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: Persia, Greece and Western Mediterranean c. 525-479 BC e.

Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: Fifth century BC.

Vol. VI. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: 4th century BC

Vol. VII. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).
Vol. VII. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).

Title in Russian edition: The rise of Rome from its foundation to 220 B.C. e.

Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).
Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).
Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69. 1996. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).
Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.
Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

VOLUMES OF PLATES (NEW EDITION)

Introduction

"The Cambridge History of the Ancient World" (eng. The Cambridge Ancient History, abbr.: CAH) - the largest English-language reference book on ancient history; published by Cambridge University Press. It is a comprehensive summary of modern knowledge about the main aspects of the historical development of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions from prehistoric times to 602 AD. e. (in the original version - until 324 AD). It is one of the three main "Cambridge histories" (together with The Cambridge Modern History and The Cambridge Medieval History), which is the British version of "general history".

1. About the translation of the name

The name is sometimes translated (including in scientific works) as " Cambridge Ancient History" (or " cambridge ancient history"). This option is not quite correct for two reasons: firstly, in its meaning, it would have to mean the history of Cambridge and its environs in antiquity; if you make a reverse translation of this name, it should turn out The Ancient History of Cambridge; second, the word Ancient» in the original name has a broad meaning - it refers to the ancient history of the Mediterranean and the Middle East; however, the Russian word "antiquity" (like the adjective "ancient") has a special meaning and is usually applied to ancient Greece and ancient Rome, emphasizing the difference between their civilization and the civilization of the ancient East.

2. The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The Cambridge Ancient History.

The project to create a comprehensive work that consistently tells the historical process from ancient times to the present dates back to 1896, when, at the invitation of the Cambridge University Press, Lord Acton, Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge, developed a plan for publishing The Cambridge Modern History("The Cambridge History of Modernity"). The idea was that each chapter was written by a separate author, an expert on the topic; at the same time, the editors had to ensure that the internal unity of the publication was maintained so that it did not turn into a scattered collection of articles. All references and quotations from sources had to be translated into English. The Cambridge Modern History was published between 1902 and 1912. Lord Acton died before the first volume appeared. The plan for publishing The Cambridge History of the Middle Ages was prepared by John Bagnell Bury, a follower of Acton. This series of volumes appeared between 1911 and 1936. Bury also drafted the publication of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World.

Original (or "old") CAH

general information

Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the ancient history of the region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Rating "old" CAH

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for the average reader, who could easily get confused in the many unexplained details, nor for serious researchers and teachers, who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

Nevertheless, many chapters of the "old" CAH have not yet lost their scientific significance and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant areas of antiquity science. This, for example, fully applies to chapters and sections of chapters written by M. I. Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI).

4. New CAH option

Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, public administration system, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New», « New».

5. Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).

Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).

Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).

Vol. II. Part 2. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1380-1000 BC. 1975. (3rd ed.).

Vol. III. Part 1. The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World. Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).

Vol. III. Part 2. The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East. From the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).

Vol. III. Part 3. The Expansion of the Greek World. Eighth to Sixth Centuries BC. 1982. (2nd ed.).

Vol. IV. Greece and the Western Mediterranean. c. 525 to 479 B.C. 1988. (2nd ed.).

Vol. V. The Fifth Century BC. 1992. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VI. The Fourth Century BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VII. Part 1. The Hellenistic World. 1984. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VII. Part 2. The Rise of Rome to 220 BC. 1990. (2nd ed.).

Vol. VIII. Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 BC. 1989. (2nd ed.).

Vol. IX. The Last Age of the Roman Republic. 146-43 BC. 1994. (2nd ed.).

Vol. X. The Augustan Empire. 43 BC-AD 69. 1996. (2nd ed.).

Vol. XI. The High Empire. AD 70-192. 2000. (2nd ed.).

Vol. XII. The Crisis of Empire. AD 193-337. 2005. (2nd ed.).

Vol. XIII. The Late Empire. AD 337-425. 1997.

Vol. XIV. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. AD 425-600. 2000.

6. Russian translation CAH

So far, only one book has been translated from the entire large series.

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 3, Part 3: Expansion of the Greek world. VIII-VI centuries BC. e. Ed. J. Boardman and N.-J.-L. Hammond. Per. from English, preparation of the text, foreword and notes by A. V. Zaikov. M.: Ladomir, 2007. 653 p. ISBN 978-5-86218-467-9

Bibliography:

According to Peter Rhodes; see his article: P. J. Rhodes: The Cambridge Ancient History

See "Preface" to Volume I of the 1924 edition, pp. VIII-IX (CAH. Vol. I. 2nd ed., 1924).

Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, no. 1 (1963), p. 116.

Collingwood R. J. The Idea of History. Autobiography. M.: Nauka, 1980. S. 142.

For CAH M. I. Rostovtsev wrote the following chapters: “Ptolemaic Egypt”, “Syria and the East”, “Pergamum”, “Rhodes, Delos and Hellenistic Trade”, “Bosporan Kingdom”, “Pontus and Its Neighbors”, “Sarmatians and Parthians ". Work on the "Cambridge" chapters was connected with the plans of M. I. Rostovtsev to write his famous book "The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World." The Russian original of two chapters - "Ptolemaic Egypt" and "Syria and the East" were published first in the journal VDI (for 1999 and 2000), and then in a more complete version in the book: Parthian Shot. M., 2003. Pp. 318-387.

The Cambridge History of the Ancient World. Volume 06. Fourth century BC. Semi-half 1.(The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume VI) Scientific publication. Edited by D.-M. Lewis, J. Boardman, S. Hornblower, M. Ostwald. Translation, scientific editing, selection of additional illustrations, note "From the translator", notes, preparation of a revised and expanded "Index" by A.V. Zaikov.
(Moscow: Ladomir Research and Publishing Center, 2017. - Cambridge History of the Ancient World)
Scan, OCR, processing, Djv format: mor, 2017; Not published at the request of the publisher

SUMMARY:
From the translator (5).
Preface (7).
Chapter 1. Sources and their general characteristics. S. Hornblower (10).
Chapter 2. Sparta as a winner. D-M. Lewis (40).
Chapter 3. Persia. S. Hornblower (66).
Chapter 4. Corinthian War. R. Stehr (128).
Chapter 5. Sicily. 413-368 BC. D-M. Lewis (153).
Chapter 6 R. Stehr (198).
Chapter 7. Thebes in the 360s BC J. Roy (234).
REGIONAL REVIEWS
I. Persian lands and neighboring countries
Chapter 8a. Asia Minor. S. Hornblower (259).
Chapter 8b. Mesopotamia. 482-330 BC. M.-U Stolper (288).
Chapter 8c. Judea. X. Tadmor (320).
Chapter 8d. Cyprus and Phoenicia. F.-G. Mayer (358).
Chapter 8e. Egypt. 404-332 BC. A-B. Lloyd (402).
Application. Chronology (423).
II. West and North
Chapter 9a. Carthage from the battle of Himera to the invasion of Agathocles. 480-308 BC. J.-Sh. Picard (429).
Chapter 9b. Southern Italy in the 4th century. BC. N. Purcell (451).
Chapter 9c. Celtic Europe. D.-U. Harding (478).
Chapter 9d. Illyrians and Northwestern Greeks. N.-J.-A. Hammond (502).
Chapter 9e. Thracians and Scythians. Z.-G. Archibald (527).
Chapter 9f. Bosporus kingdom. J. Hind (562).
Chapter 9g. Communication system in the Mediterranean L. Casson (604).

Publisher's note: The fourth century BC witnessed the grandiose expansion of the Greek world. This volume of The Cambridge History of the Ancient World begins with the story of Spartan attempts to consolidate their leadership in mainland Hellas, and ends with the death of Alexander the Great, which came after he conquered the Persian state and reached India. In covering political and economic issues, this volume covers a correspondingly very wide geographical range, not limited to ancient Greece alone, but also exploring the countries of the Middle East and the Western Mediterranean. Persia, returning to the Greek scene in 413 BC, remains an essential part of the story. New episode surveys of non-Greek regions, both within the Persian state and beyond its borders, continues similar surveys of Volume IV of the CIDM. Such stories in the chapters on Sicily, Carthage, and Italy serve as a reminder that events of paramount importance did not take place only in the Eastern Mediterranean.
The fourth century BC also saw the continuation of the development of classical Hellenic art and the transformation of Greek prose into an incredibly elastic medium of expression. The formation of the great philosophical schools for a long time guaranteed Athens - at the time of its political decline - the role of a cultural center, and the ways of thinking developed here dominated Western civilization for two thousand years.
This edition, published in two semi-volumes, completes the corpus of "Greek" volumes of the "Cambridge History of the Ancient World" (III, IV, V, VI).

Plan
Introduction
1 About translation of the name
2 The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"
3 Original (or "old") CAH
3.1 General information
3.2 Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version of CAH
3.3 Valuation of the "old" CAH

4 New CAH variant
4.1 Revised (or "interim") edition of CAH volumes I and II
4.2 Third edition of volumes I-II of CAH
4.3 New edition of the rest of CAH (Vols III-XIV)

5 Composition of the current CAH
6 Russian translation CAH
Bibliography

Introduction

1. About the translation of the name

2. The project of "universal" "Cambridge stories"

John Bagnell Bury, one of the founders The Cambridge Ancient History .

Original (or "old") CAH

general information

Two editions of the first two volumes of the "old" version CAH

The first two volumes of the original CAH version (1923) were reprinted very quickly: already in 1924 their 2nd edition appeared. The fact is that at that time there was a sharp expansion of field archaeological work in the Middle East, which led to a significant increase in new material. All this forced to reconsider the old views on the ancient history of the region. Many of the chapters in the first two volumes were hopelessly out of date the day after they were published. However, a simple correction of the original text did not save the situation. Even then it was clear that the first two volumes should be completely rewritten.

Rating "old" CAH

Most of the reviewers expressed their approval of this edition, although some of the assessments were very critical. One of the main complaints was that the work was not designed for the average reader, who could easily get confused in the many unexplained details, nor for serious researchers and teachers, who needed more references to sources and more indications of alternative hypotheses. and interpretation of events.

Nevertheless, many chapters of the "old" CAH have not yet lost their scientific significance and remain among the mandatory reference manuals in the relevant areas of antiquity science. This, for example, fully applies to chapters and sections of chapters written by M. I. Rostovtsev (in volumes VII, VIII, IX and XI).

4. New CAH option

Revised (or "interim") editions of volumes I and II CAH

Third edition of volumes I-II CAH

New edition of the rest CAH(volumes III-XIV)

The material has also expanded thematically. CAH refers not only to event history, but to a much wider range of problems: archaeological cultures, language and writing, arts, mentality, religious, philosophical and political ideas, military organization, colonization as a special phenomenon, social relations, law, public administration system, coinage, economics, etc. Each volume reflects the current (at the time of writing) research state of the problem and contains links to sources and main works on the topic.

Unlike the New Cambridge History of Modernity and the New Cambridge History of the Middle Ages, CAH did not put in front of her official name definitions " New », « New ».

5. Composition of the current CAH

Vol. I. Part 1. Prolegomena and Prehistory. 1970. (3rd ed.).

Vol. I. Part 2. Early History of the Middle East. 1971. (3rd ed.).

Vol. II. Part 1. The Middle East and the Aegean Region. c.1800-1380 BC. 1973. (3rd ed.).