Every year, demo versions of the USE of the current year are published on the official website of FIPI.
On August 21, 2017, draft documents regulating the structure and content of the KIM USE 2018 were presented (including demo version of the exam in chemistry).
There are documents that regulate the structure and content of KIM - a codifier and a specification.
Unified State Examination in Chemistry 2018 - demo version with answers and criteria from FIPI
| Demo version of the exam 2018 in chemistry | Download demo 2018 |
| Specification | demo variant ege |
| Codifier | codifier |
Total tasks - 35; of them according to the level of complexity: B - 21; P - 8; AT 6.
Maximum primary score for work - 60.
The total time to complete the work is 210 minutes.
Changes in KIM USE 2018 in chemistry of the year compared to 2017
The following changes have been made in the 2018 examination paper compared to the 2017 paper.
1. In order to more clearly distribute tasks by separate thematic blocks and content lines, the order of tasks of basic and advanced levels of complexity in part 1 has been slightly changed examination work.
2. In the examination paper of 2018, the total number of tasks was increased from 34 (in 2017) to 35 by increasing the number of tasks of part 2 of the examination paper from 5 (in 2017) to 6 tasks. This is achieved by introducing tasks with a single context. In particular, tasks No. 30 and No. 31 are presented in this format, which are focused on checking the assimilation of important elements of the content: “Redox reactions” and “Ion exchange reactions”.
3. The grading scale for some tasks has been changed in connection with the clarification of the difficulty level of these tasks based on the results of their completion in the 2017 examination paper:
Task No. 9 of an increased level of complexity, focused on checking the assimilation of the content element “Characteristic Chemical properties Not organic matter» and presented in a format for establishing a correspondence between reacting substances and reaction products between these substances, will be evaluated with a maximum of 2 points;
Task number 21 basic level complexity, focused on checking the assimilation of the element of the content "Redox reactions" and presented in a format to establish a correspondence between the elements of the two sets, will be assessed by 1 point;
Task No. 26 of the basic level of complexity, focused on testing the assimilation of the content lines "Experimental Fundamentals of Chemistry" and " General representations on industrial methods for obtaining the most important substances ”and presented in the format for establishing a correspondence between the elements of the two sets, will be assessed by 1 point;
Task No. 30 of a high level of complexity with a detailed answer, focused on checking the assimilation of the content element “Redox reactions”, will be evaluated with a maximum of 2 points;
Task No. 31 of a high level of complexity with a detailed answer, focused on checking the assimilation of the content element "Ion exchange reactions", will be evaluated with a maximum of 2 points.
In general, the adopted changes in the examination work in 2018 are aimed at increasing the objectivity of testing the formation of a number of important general educational skills, primarily such as: apply knowledge in the system, independently assess the correctness of the implementation of educational and educational and practical tasks, as well as combine knowledge about chemical objects with an understanding of the mathematical relationship between various physical quantities.
Structure of KIM USE 2018 in chemistry
Each version of the examination work is built according to a single plan: the work consists of two parts, including 35 tasks.
Part 1 contains 29 tasks with a short answer, including 21 tasks of a basic level of complexity (in the version they are present under numbers: 1–7, 10–15, 18–21, 26–29) and 8 tasks of an increased level of complexity (their ordinal numbers: 8, 9, 16, 17, 22–25).
Part 2 contains 6 tasks of a high level of complexity, with a detailed answer. These are tasks numbered 30-35.
Chemistry codifier includes:
- Section 1. The list of content elements to be tested at the unified state exam in chemistry;
- Section 2 List of requirements for the level of training, checked at the unified state exam in chemistry.
Content elements verified by CMM tasks
1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY
1.1 Modern ideas about the structure of the atom
1.1.1 The structure of the electron shells of atoms of the elements of the first four periods: s-, p- and d-elements. Electronic configuration of atoms and ions. Ground and excited states of atoms
1.2.2 general characteristics metals of IA–IIIA groups in connection with their position in the Periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev and structural features of their atoms
1.2.3 Characterization of transition elements (copper, zinc, chromium, iron) according to their position in the periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev and structural features of their atoms
1.2.4 General characteristics of non-metals of groups IVА–VIIA in connection with their position in the Periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev and structural features of their atoms
1.3 Chemical bond and structure of matter
1.3.1 Covalent chemical bond, its varieties and formation mechanisms. Characteristics covalent bond(polarity and bond energy). Ionic bond. Metal connection. hydrogen bond
1.3.2 Electronegativity. And
1.3.3 Substances of molecular and non-molecular structure. Type crystal lattice. The dependence of the properties of substances on their composition and structure
1.4 Chemical reaction
1.4.1 Classification chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry
1.4.2 Thermal effect of a chemical reaction. Thermochemical equations
1.4.3 The rate of a chemical reaction, its dependence on various factors
1.4.4 Reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. chemical balance. Shift in chemical equilibrium under the influence of various factors
1.4.5 Electrolytic dissociation of electrolytes in aqueous solutions.
1.4.6 Ion exchange reactions
1.4.7 Hydrolysis of salts. Wednesday aqueous solutions: acidic, neutral, alkaline
1.4.8 Redox reactions. Corrosion of metals and methods of protection against it
1.4.9 Electrolysis of melts and solutions (salts, alkalis, acids)
1.4.10 Ionic (V.V. Markovnikov's rule) and radical mechanisms of reactions in organic chemistry
2. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
2.1 Classification of inorganic substances. (trivial and international)
4.1.6 Main methods of preparation (in the laboratory) of specific substances belonging to the studied classes Not organic compounds
4.1.7 Basic methods for obtaining hydrocarbons (in the laboratory)
4.1.8 The main methods for obtaining organic oxygen-containing compounds (in the laboratory)
4.2 General ideas about industrial methods for obtaining essential substances
4.2.1 The concept of metallurgy: common ways obtaining metals
4.2.2 General scientific principles chemical production(on the example of industrial production of ammonia, sulfuric acid, methanol). chemical pollution environment and its consequences
4.2.3 Natural sources of hydrocarbons, their processing
4.2.4 Macromolecular compounds. Reactions of polymerization and polycondensation. Polymers. Plastics, fibers, rubbers
4.2.5 Use of studied inorganic and organic substances
4.3.1 Calculations using the concept of "mass fraction of a substance in solution"
4.3.2 Calculations of volume ratios of gases in chemical reactions
4.3.3 Calculations of the mass of a substance or volume of gases from a known amount of a substance, mass or volume of one of the substances participating in the reaction
4.3.4 Calculations thermal effect reactions
4.3.5 Calculations of the mass (volume, amount of substance) of the reaction products, if one of the substances is given in excess (has impurities)
4.3.6 Calculations of the mass (volume, amount of substance) of the reaction product, if one of the substances is given as a solution with a certain mass fraction of the dissolved substance
4.3.7 Establishing the molecular and structural formula of a substance
4.3.8 Calculations of the mass or volume fraction of the yield of the reaction product from the theoretically possible
4.3.9 Calculations of the mass fraction (mass) of a chemical compound in a mixture
Skills and activities tested by KIM tasks
Know/Understand:
1. The most important chemical concepts
- make sense the most important concepts(highlight them characteristics): substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weights, ion, isotopes, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, oxidation state, mol, molar mass, molar volume, substances of molecular and non-molecular structure, solutions, electrolytes and non-electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, hydrolysis, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and reduction, electrolysis, chemical reaction rate, chemical equilibrium, reaction heat, carbon skeleton, functional group, isomerism and homology, structural and spatial isomerism, main types of reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry.
- Reveal relationships between concepts.
- Use the most important chemical concepts to explain individual facts and phenomena.
2. Basic laws and theories of chemistry
- Apply the basic provisions of chemical theories (the structure of the atom, chemical bond, electrolytic dissociation, acids and bases, the structure of organic compounds, chemical kinetics) to analyze the structure and properties of substances
- Understand the limits of applicability of the studied chemical theories
- Understand the meaning of the Periodic Law D.I. Mendeleev and use it for qualitative analysis and substantiation of the main laws of the structure of atoms, properties of chemical elements and their compounds
3. The most important substances and materials
- Classify inorganic and organic substances according to all known classification criteria
- understand that practical use substances due to their composition, structure and properties
- Understand the role and meaning given substance in practice
- Explain the general methods and principles for obtaining the most important substances
Be able to:
1. name
- studied substances according to trivial or international nomenclature
2. Define / classify:
- valency, oxidation state of chemical elements, ion charges;
- in compounds and type of crystal lattice;
- spatial structure of molecules;
- the nature of the environment of aqueous solutions of substances;
- oxidizing agent and reducing agent;
- belonging of substances to different classes of inorganic and organic compounds;
- homologues and isomers;
- chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry (according to all known classification criteria)
3. Characterize:
- s-, p- and d-elements according to their position in the Periodic system of D.I. Mendeleev;
- general chemical properties of simple substances - metals and non-metals;
- general chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds, properties of individual representatives of these classes;
- structure and chemical properties of the studied organic compounds
4. Explain:
- dependence of the properties of chemical elements and their compounds on the position of the element in the Periodic system D.I. Mendeleev;
- the nature of the chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen);
- the dependence of the properties of inorganic and organic substances on their composition and structure;
- the essence of the studied types of chemical reactions: electrolytic dissociation, ion exchange, redox (and make their equations);
- the influence of various factors on the rate of a chemical reaction and on the shift in chemical equilibrium
5. Plan/Perform:
- an experiment on obtaining and recognizing the most important inorganic and organic compounds, taking into account the acquired knowledge about the rules for safe work with substances in the laboratory and at home;
- calculations by chemical formulas and equations
Specification
control measuring materials
for holding in 2018 a unified state exam
in chemistry
1. Appointment of KIM USE
The Unified State Examination (hereinafter referred to as the Unified State Examination) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered the educational programs of the secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).
The exam is held in accordance with federal law dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”.
Control measuring materials allow you to set the level of mastering the federal component by graduates state standard secondary (complete) general education in chemistry, basic and specialized levels.
The results of the unified state exam in chemistry are recognized educational organizations middle vocational education and educational organizations of higher professional education as the results of entrance examinations in chemistry.
2. Documents defining the content of KIM USE
3. Approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of the KIM USE
The basis of approaches to the development of KIM USE 2018 in chemistry was those general methodological guidelines that were identified during the formation exam models previous years. The essence of these settings is as follows.
- KIM are focused on testing the assimilation of the knowledge system, which is considered as an invariant core of the content of existing programs in chemistry for educational organizations. In the standard, this system of knowledge is presented in the form of requirements for the preparation of graduates. These requirements correspond to the level of presentation in the KIM of the content elements being checked.
- In order to enable a differentiated assessment educational achievements graduates of the KIM USE check the development of the main educational programs in chemistry at three levels of difficulty: basic, advanced and high. Educational material, on the basis of which tasks are built, is selected on the basis of its significance for the general education of secondary school graduates.
- The fulfillment of the tasks of the examination work involves the implementation of a certain set of actions. Among them, the most indicative are, for example, such as: to identify the classification features of substances and reactions; determine the degree of oxidation of chemical elements according to the formulas of their compounds; explain the essence of a particular process, the relationship of the composition, structure and properties of substances. The ability of the examinee to carry out various actions when performing work is considered as an indicator of the assimilation of the studied material with the necessary depth of understanding.
- The equivalence of all variants of the examination work is ensured by maintaining the same ratio of the number of tasks that test the assimilation of the main elements of the content of the key sections of the chemistry course.
4. The structure of KIM USE
Each version of the examination work is built according to a single plan: the work consists of two parts, including 40 tasks. Part 1 contains 35 tasks with a short answer, including 26 tasks of a basic level of complexity (the serial numbers of these tasks: 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 26) and 9 tasks of an increased level of complexity (the serial numbers of these tasks: 27, 28, 29, ...35).
Part 2 contains 5 tasks of a high level of complexity, with a detailed answer (the serial numbers of these tasks: 36, 37, 38, 39, 40).
The Unified State Examination in Chemistry is a variable component of the federal examination. It is taken only by those students who are going to continue their studies at universities in such specialties as medicine, chemistry and chemical technology, construction, biotechnology or the food industry.
This one cannot be called easy - it will not work here on a simple knowledge of the terms, because for last years tests with a choice of one answer from the proposed options were excluded from the IMTs. In addition, it would not be superfluous to find out everything about the procedure, timing and features of this exam, as well as prepare in advance for possible changes in the KIMs of 2018!
Demo version of the USE-2018
USE dates in chemistry
The exact dates allotted for writing the exam in chemistry will be known in January, when the schedule for all examinations will be posted on the Rosobrnadzor website. Fortunately, today we already have information about the approximate periods allocated for the examination of schoolchildren in the 2017/2018 academic year:
- March 22, 2018 starts early stage examinations. It will last until April 15th. Writing the exam in advance is the prerogative of several categories of students. These include children who graduated from school earlier than 2017/2018 school year, but did not pass the exam for any reason; school graduates who previously received only a certificate, and not a matriculation certificate; evening school students; high school students who go to live or study abroad; schoolchildren who received secondary education in other states, but entering. Also, early surrender is used by students representing the Russian Federation at international competitions and competitions, and schoolchildren who take part in all-Russian events. If you are indicated for medical intervention or rehabilitation that coincides with the main period passing the exam you can also take the exam ahead of time. An important point: any reason must be confirmed by relevant documents;
- On May 28, 2018, the main USE dates. According to the preliminary plans of Rosobrnadzor, the examination period will end before June 10;
- On September 4, 2018, an additional period for passing the exam will begin.
Some statistics
IN Lately this exam selects all more schoolchildren - in 2017, about 74 thousand people passed it (12 thousand more than in 2016). In addition, the success rate has improved markedly - the number of low-performing students (those who have not reached the threshold minimum points) has decreased by 1.1%. Average score in this subject ranges from 67.8-56.3 points, which corresponds to the level of the school "four". So, in general, this subject, despite its complexity, students pass quite well.
Examination procedure
When writing this USE for students allowed to use periodic system, a table with data on the solubility of salts, acids and bases, as well as reference materials electrochemical series of voltages of metals. There is no need to take these materials with you - all permitted reference materials will be provided to students in one set with the exam ticket. In addition, an eleventh grader can take a calculator for the exam, which does not have a programming function.
We remind you that the order conducting the exam strictly regulates any actions of students. Remember that you can easily lose your chance to get into a university if you suddenly want to discuss the solution of a problem with a friend, try to peep the answer in a smartphone or a solution book, or decide to call someone from the bathroom. By the way, you can go to the toilet or first-aid post, but only with the permission and accompanied by a member of the examination committee.
In 2018 USE year in chemistry expanded to 35 tasks, allocating 3.5 hours for them Innovations in the exam in chemistry
FIPI employees report the following changes in new-type CIMs.
- In 2018, the number of complex tasks with a detailed answer will be increased. One new task has been introduced, number 30, concerning redox reactions. Now the students have a total of 35 tasks to solve.
- For all work, you can still get 60 primary points. The balance is achieved by reducing the points that are awarded for the implementation simple tasks from the first part of the ticket.
What is included in the structure and content of the ticket?
In the exam, students will have to demonstrate how well they know the topics from the course of inorganic, general and organic chemistry. The tasks will test the depth of your knowledge about chemical elements and substances, skills in carrying out chemical reactions, knowledge of the basic laws and theoretical provisions of chemistry. In addition, it will become clear how well schoolchildren understand the systemic nature and causality of chemical phenomena, and how much they know about the genesis of substances and how they are known.
Structurally, the ticket is represented by 35 tasks, divided into two parts:
- part 1 - 29 short answer tasks. These assignments are dedicated theoretical foundations chemistry, inorganic and organic chemistry, methods of knowledge and the use of chemistry in life. For this part of the KIM, you can score 40 points (66.7% of all points for a ticket);
- part 2 - 6 tasks of a high level of complexity, in which a detailed answer is provided. You have to solve problems with non-standard situations. All tasks are devoted to redox reactions, ion exchange reactions, transformations of inorganic and organic substances, or complex calculations. For this part of the KIM, you can score 20 points (33.3% of all points for the ticket).
In total, you can collect up to 60 primary points per ticket. 210 minutes will be allocated for its solution, which you should distribute as follows:
- For basic tasks from the first part - 2-3 minutes each;
- for jobs with increased level difficulties from the first part - from 5 to 7 minutes;
- for jobs with high level difficulty from the second part - from 10 to 15 minutes.
How are exam scores translated into grades?
Points for work affect the matriculation certificate, so for several years in a row they have been transferred to the system of marks familiar to schoolchildren. First, the scores are divided into certain intervals, and then converted into grades:
- 0-35 points are identical to the "two";
- 36-55 points show a satisfactory degree of preparation for the exam and are equal to the "troika";
- 56-72 points - this is an opportunity to get a "four" in the certificate;
- 73 points and above - an indicator that the student knows the subject perfectly.
High-quality preparation for the chemistry exam will allow you not only to enter the chosen university, but to improve your mark in the certificate! In order not to fill up the exam in chemistry, you will have to score at least 36 points. However, it is worth remembering that in order to enter a more or less prestigious university, you need to score at least 60-65 points. Top educational establishments and at all accept on the budget only those who scored 85-90 points and above.
How to prepare for the exam in chemistry?
Unable to pass the exam federal level, simply relying on residual knowledge from school course chemistry. To fill in the gaps, you should start reading textbooks and solution books already at the beginning of autumn! It is possible that some topic that you studied in the 9th or 10th grade simply did not stick in your memory. In addition, competent preparation includes the development of demonstration tickets - KIMs, specially developed by the FIPI commission.
The Unified State Examination in Chemistry is an exam that graduates who plan to enter a university for certain specialties related to this discipline take. Chemistry not included compulsory subjects According to statistics, out of 10 graduates, 1 passes chemistry.
- For testing and completing all tasks, the graduate receives 3 hours of time - planning and allocating time to work with all tasks is an important task for the test subject.
- Typically, the exam includes 35-40 tasks, which are divided into 2 logical blocks.
- Like the rest of the USE, the test in chemistry is divided into 2 logical blocks: testing (choosing the correct option or options from those offered) and questions that require detailed answers. It is the second block that usually takes longer, so the subject needs to rationally allocate time.
- The main thing is to have reliable, deep theoretical knowledge that will help you successfully complete various tasks of the first and second blocks.
- You need to start preparing in advance in order to systematically work through all the topics - six months may not be enough. The best option is to start training as early as the 10th grade.
- Identify the topics that are most problematic for you so that when you ask your teacher or tutor for help, you know what to ask.
- Learning to perform tasks typical for the Unified State Examination in Chemistry is not enough to master the theory, it is necessary to bring the skills of performing tasks and various tasks to automatism.
- Not always self-training effective, so it is worth finding a specialist to whom you can turn for help. The best option is a professional tutor. Also, don't be afraid to ask questions. school teacher. Don't neglect school education Please do your homework carefully!
- Exam tips! The main thing is to learn how to use these sources of information. The student has a periodic table, tables of metal stress and solubility - this is about 70% of the data that will help to understand various tasks.
- Chemistry requires a solid knowledge of mathematics - without this it will be difficult to solve problems. Be sure to repeat the work with percentages and proportions.
- Learn the formulas that are needed to solve problems in chemistry.
- Study the theory: textbooks, reference books, collections of tasks will come in handy.
- The best way to consolidate theoretical tasks is to actively solve tasks in chemistry. In online mode, you can solve in any quantity, improve your problem-solving skills different type and difficulty level.
- Controversial points in assignments and errors are recommended to be disassembled and analyzed with the help of a teacher or tutor.
