Troops Day air defense(Day of the Air Defense Forces)
According to the Decree of the President Russian Federation No. 549 of May 31, 2006 “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, annually on the second Sunday of April, the Day of the Air Defense Forces is celebrated - the Day of the Air Defense Forces.
The establishment of the date of the holiday is due to the fact that in April the most important government resolutions were adopted on the organization of the country’s air defense, which became the basis for building the air defense system of our state, organizational structure air defense troops, their formation and further development.
The history of air defense, as a special type of armed support in the defense of the state, goes back several decades. In December 1914, the first units equipped with machine guns and light cannons appeared to fight German and Austrian airplanes.
The Great Patriotic War became a baptism of fire for air defense troops. It is enough to mention the air battles over Moscow, Leningrad, and the Kursk Bulge, where German aviation suffered heavy losses. During the war, air defense forces shot down more than 7,500 aircraft, destroyed over 1,000 tanks, and more than 1,500 enemy guns.
For the merits of the air defense troops during the war, as well as for the performance of particularly important tasks in peacetime, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 20, 1975, a state holiday was established - Air Defense Forces Day, celebrated on April 11.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 1, 1980, Air Defense Forces Day was moved to the second Sunday in April, this date was
NICHOLAY I signed a decree on the creation of the Rumyantsev Museum, the basis of which was the collection of Count N.P. RUMYANTSEV.
1832
In Russia, the titles of Honorary Citizens have been introduced for certain categories of persons of non-noble origin. It could be personal and hereditary, and exempted its owners from paying the poll tax, recruitment and other duties, as well as corporal punishment. The title was awarded only by personal decree of the emperor, it was very rare and differed from the titles of honorary citizens of the city, which from the second half of the 19th century centuries could be assigned by city authorities to citizens as a special tribute to their merits.
One of the largest floods in the history of the city began in Moscow
Floods have occurred in the capital many times. For centuries, flood waters have inundated low-lying areas near the Moscow River and its tributaries.
The first documented report of a flood dates back to the 15th century. This flood happened in 1496: after cold winter and heavy snow, the “great flood” came.
“Floods” happened often, in the 18th century it was decided to create a network bypass channels. But of all the planned projects, only one was implemented - the Vodootvodny Canal, which protected the area of Bakhrushin, Novokuznetskaya, Pyatnitskaya, Yakimanskiye streets.
But one of the biggest floods occurred in Moscow from April 10 to April 14, 1908. The river flood came extremely late, but at the same time assumed monstrous proportions that exceeded all expectations...
As a result of the flood of the Moscow, Yauza and Vodootvodny Canal rivers, a significant area was captured, almost a fifth of the entire area of the city. Five sections on the right side of the Moscow River were especially affected: the second Khamovnichesky, both sections of the Yakimanskaya part and both sections of Pyatnitskaya. The houses of Dorogomilov and Zamoskvorechye, the walls of the Kremlin were flooded an average of 2.3 meters from the pavement level. The river water has risen by nine meters compared to its summer level.
The streets flooded with water were impassable, and the horse-drawn carriage was inactive. From different parts of Moscow, cut off by the flood, city residents were transported back and forth across bridges on carts and cabs. Boatmen carried residents along the streets, between houses.
1920
The Krasnoyarsk provincial committee decided to ban logging and wild stone mining in the area of the famous Pillars, and 4 square miles around them were declared a “protective” area.
opened in Genoa international Conference for economic and financial matters(completed work on May 19), which was attended by 28 capitalist states and a delegation Soviet Russia, headed by G.V. CHICHERIN. During the conference, Soviet diplomats managed to break through the economic and political blockade of the country by the Western powers by concluding the Treaty of Rapallo with Germany.
The city of Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad (now Volgograd).
On charges of leading a conspiratorial organization in the troops and bodies of the NKVD, espionage in favor of foreign intelligence services, preparing terrorist acts against the leaders of the party and government, an armed uprising against Soviet power People's Commissar for Water Transport, former head of the NKVD Nikolai Yezhov was arrested. In February next year he will be sentenced to extreme punishment and executed.
1942
The film by Yuli RAIZMAN "Mashenka" was released on the screens.
The first flight of the MIG-23 fighter - the first Soviet aircraft with variable wing geometry.
Born on this day
1910
Evgeny Konstantinovich FYODOROV
(1910 - 30.12.1981),
academician geophysicist, researcher at the first drifting station " North Pole- 1", Hero of the Soviet Union (193.
1918
Ivan Ivanovich PSTYGO
(1918 - 23.2.2009),
attack pilot, air marshal, Hero of the Soviet Union.
1919
Yuri Vasilievich SILANTIEV
(1919 - 8.2.1983),
People's Artist of the USSR, chief conductor of the pop symphony orchestra of the All-Union Radio and Central Television.
1921
Konstantin Kuzmich REVA
(1921 - 1. 9.1997),
star of Soviet and world volleyball in the late 40s - early 50s, two-time world champion, Honored Master of Sports. The International Volleyball Federation named him the best player of the 20th century.
1927
Vil Vladimirovich LIPATOV
(1927 - 1.5.1979),
writer.
1935
Nikolay Andreevich KASYAN
(1935 - 28.10.2009),
osteopathic doctor, famous for his unique method of manual therapy.
1937
Bella /Izabella Akhatovna/ AKHMADULINA
(1937),
poet.
1945
Revaz DZODZUASHVILI
(1945),
football player, defender of Dynamo Tbilisi and the USSR national team. He gained international fame in 1969, completely excluding George BEST from the game in the qualifying match of the 1970 World Cup between the USSR national team and the national team. Northern Ireland. Currently coaching. Among his students are Georgiy KINKLADZE and the ARVELADZE brothers, and the Latvian national team under his leadership began to emerge from the football fringes.
1952
Grigory Alekseevich YAVLINSKY
(1952),
leader of the Yabloko party.
1981
Vera Vladimirovna SHIMANSKAYA
(1981),
2000 Olympic champion in rhythmic gymnastics in group exercises.
I was going to fight for a place on the team at the Athens Olympics, but suddenly a story arose with a Spanish casino, which was eagerly picked up by the Russian media. As a result, all the accusations collapsed, some editors had to apologize, but the athlete was expelled from the team.
Died
1869
Evgenia Ivanovna KOLOSOVA(née Neelova)
(26.12.1780 - 1869),
ballet dancer, famous as a performer of Russian dance. She also played in dramatic and opera performances, and as a teacher she made a significant contribution to the establishment of the Russian choreographic school.
1906
Georgy Apollonovich GAPON
(17.2.1870 - 1906),
priest, secret police agent, organizer of the January 9 march.
1987
Nikolai Mikhailovich ROMADIN
(19.5.1903, Samara - 1987, Moscow),
painter, People's Artist of the USSR, member of the Academy of Arts. Father of Mikhail ROMADINA.
1989
Gennady Borisovich BONDARENKO
(4.2.1929 - 1989),
football player, coach. He played in the positions of right winger and midfielder in Dynamo Leningrad and Moscow, Zenit, and scored 49 goals in the USSR championships. He was the head coach of Zenit, Baku Neftchi, Riga Daugava, and received the title of Honored Coach in Azerbaijan and Latvia. Among his students are Olympic champion Igor PONOMAREV, Riga residents DEGLIS, SHITIK, ALEXEEENKO.
1989
Nikolay Grigorievich GRINKO
(30.4 or 22.5.1920 - 1989),
film actor, People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR.
2009
Evgeniy Yakovlevich VESNIK
(15.1.1923 - 2009),
theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1989).
2009
Naum Mironovich OLEV
(22.2.1939, Moscow - 2009, Vienna),
songwriter.
Military aviation is a large part of the army, which participates in contemporary conflicts, protects countries from penetration by outsiders, ensures a safe life for citizens. Aviation today has equipment that allows it to carry out reconnaissance, deliver precise strikes against enemies, use paratroopers, etc. Special units that are ready to take to the air at any time to protect the state and its borders also have strong support from air defense . The significance of these troops is so great that they have their own holiday. It has a flexible date - Air Defense Forces Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in April. Next time this date falls on the eighth.
history of the holiday
The history of air defense, as a special type of armed support in the defense of the state, goes back several decades. In December 1914, the first units equipped with machine guns and light cannons appeared to fight German and Austrian airplanes.
This holiday began back in Soviet time, in 1975. Then in February a decree was issued that regulated the activities of air defense troops. Long years representatives of this unit were not honored at the state level - it was more of a tradition. But in 2006 the situation changed.
By order of the head of state, the celebration became official. A specific day was appointed - April was chosen for the reason that in this month many changes were adopted in laws that strengthened the position of the air defense troops. This day is celebrated by both active participants in the system and those people who have not been involved in it for a long time - a lot of attention is paid to veterans.
10.04.2016
According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006, Air Defense Forces Day is celebrated annually on the second Sunday of April.
The establishment of the date of the holiday is due to the fact that in April the most important government resolutions were adopted on the organization of the country's air defense, which became the basis for building the air defense system of our state, the organizational structure of the air defense forces, their formation and further development.The history of air defense, as a special type of armed support in the defense of the state, goes back several decades. In December 1914, the first units equipped with machine guns and light cannons appeared to fight German and Austrian airplanes. The Great Patriotic War became the baptism of fire for the air defense forces. It is enough to mention the air battles over Moscow, Leningrad, and the Kursk Bulge, where German aviation suffered heavy losses. During the war, air defense forces shot down more than 7,500 aircraft, destroyed over 1,000 tanks, and more than 1,500 enemy guns.
The rich combat experience of the country's air defense troops, accumulated during the Great Patriotic War, as well as during a number of local conflicts and other wars, has not lost its significance even now, despite the fact that the emergence nuclear weapons and various means of aerospace attack caused profound changes in the armament of the country's Air Defense Forces and the methods of their combat use.
IN post-war years Air Defense Forces have undergone various structural changes. Air defense units were disbanded and re-created. Air defense units were reassigned to military districts, and fighter aircraft were withdrawn from them and included in the Air Force. Responsibility for air defense was divided into internal and border areas, assigned to the commander-in-chief of the Air Defense Forces and the commanders of the military districts, and again returned to the commander-in-chief.
Despite this, their development did not stop, and in the late 1950s. The Air Defense Forces received new anti-aircraft missile systems and air interception missile systems, an anti-aircraft missile system Air defense of Moscow.
In 1992, air defense forces on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on the territory of other republics former USSR, which did not come under their jurisdiction, became part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a branch of the Armed Forces.
The air defense forces included the rocket and space defense troops, anti-aircraft missile troops, air defense aviation and radio technical troops, as well as special troops and logistics.
The result of the military reform in 1998 was the unification of two types of Armed Forces - the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces into a single qualitative the new kind – Air Force. The air defense troops have lost the status of a branch of the Armed Forces. The Air Force is entrusted with a task of strategic importance - protection from encroachment state border, protection of administrative-political, military-industrial centers, communication centers, forces and means of the highest military and government controlled, facilities of the Unified Energy System and other important elements of the national economic infrastructure of Russia from aggressor strikes from aerospace. The Russian Air Force is armed with a wide variety of military equipment. Many types of weapons have no analogues in the world. An example is the S-400 anti-aircraft missile system, which is replacing the effective S-300 system.
The current stage of the existence of the air defense system is military air defense as part of the Ground Forces and air defense units as part of the Russian Air Force. In 1997, in order to improve troop leadership, the air defense troops of the Ground Forces, formations, military units and air defense units of the Coastal Forces of the Navy, military units and air defense units of the Airborne Forces were united into military air defense troops.
The question of the future of air defense causes debate both among the military elite and among representatives of the military-industrial complex.
Based on materials from RIA Novosti
To protect the state's airspace and other combat missions, the country has a powerful air defense. Military air defense is a special profession that deserves respect and recognition.
Story
The creation of air defense was prompted by the emergence of aviation in other countries, which posed a threat to Russia. In 1914 in St. Petersburg, the Russian instructor F.F. Lander. The first gun designed to shoot down airplanes was created. However, for the First World War, air defense was almost unprepared; everything was developed and done as the battles progressed. From that time on, special forces began to be formed and armed with guns and artillery. Artillery field guns could shoot down airships and airplanes. For a clearer hit, sights are being developed.
This is interesting:
- The creation of a special aviation detachment, which included 200 aircraft, is considered to be the origin of air defense forces in Russia. This formation was intended for the defense of Petrograd in 1914-1917.
- During the existence Soviet Union Air defense troops were actively developing and strengthening. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, there were 13 districts of air defense forces in the country. Military operations showed that the air defense forces needed fighters, which were in the department of the Air Force. During the war, the military began to receive more and more fighter and interceptor aircraft.
- In the post-war period, there was an active development of troops. New technology was developed, training centers for training highly qualified specialists. All this work on this moment has positive results.
Russian technology is a huge competitor to foreign analogues. Exhibitions of military equipment are held annually so that everyone understands that Russia will be able to defend its open spaces at any moment.
Traditions
On the holiday, senior management gathers military personnel for ceremonial congratulations, presentation of diplomas and awards. The dates of orders for promotions are dated to coincide with this day, and records of the presentation of commendations and medals are made in work books.
Cadets, officers and veterans gather at the festive tables. Everyone exchanges congratulations, shows their photos and takes pictures together for a long memory.
A soldier served in my platoon - a nondescript, quiet Uzbek. His name was difficult and his name was simply Zhora. Combat duty on the S-25 was not easy - the combat crew, led by an officer, was in position for a week. The air defense units were in constant combat readiness, hence the alarms several times a day, combat training, routine maintenance, political training…. And of course, guard duty. The sentries took over the post to guard the launchers on duty at night; the missiles were on semi-trailers at the launch pads and, if necessary, were brought into firing position in less than 10 minutes.
These missiles were guarded by sentries. At that time, they were armed with an SKS carbine, 30 live rounds were issued, ten were driven into the chamber, another twenty were in the pouch.
So - about Zhora. A quiet guy from somewhere in the deep provinces, like all Uzbeks and Tajiks - hard-working and harmless, but he had one drawback - he could fall asleep anywhere and anytime, including at his post, for which he was punished more than once and sergeants and officers... At the post he slept without letting go of his weapon, leaning against any vertical object. The sergeants offered to teach him a lesson using non-statutory methods, and I, a young lieutenant, succumbed to their persuasion.
At night, before entering the post, they replaced live ammunition with training ammunition. These are the ones that are used for training in loading and unloading weapons. Just "blanks" 7.62mm. Of course, Zhora did not check, as required, what cartridges he received and calmly loaded the carbine with them. The breeder changed the guards.
The tables and semi-trailers with missiles standing nearby were illuminated by spotlights; it was visible from afar as the sentry walked around the post and leaned against one of them... and dozed off...
One of the sergeants changed into white underwear, the second into a black robe. And they went towards the sentry from both sides.
Zhora was completely asleep by this time. A sergeant in a dark robe approached the outermost launcher and faintly rattled something... There was no reaction from the sentry. Then the sergeant climbed onto the semi-trailer and rattled the iron ladder... Zhora perked up and... ducked under the nearest missile... only the shiny bayonet remained visible.
At this time, the second sergeant in white appeared on the other side from the forest, a couple of dozen steps from him and with a club in his hand went straight towards Zhora. Here he could not stand it - he jumped out of his hiding place and, without any warning, pulled the bolt of the carbine and pressed the trigger... There was no shot. He shuddered again - an empty click..., again... In a few seconds, all the training cartridges were on the ground...
Then there were showdowns and laughter and tears...
Of course - a violation of all the rules, but Zhora no longer slept at his post
