Molly Carney, North America's first certified female merchant marine captain
Are they or not - women in the Navy? On the one hand, it’s 2016, when women are absolutely everywhere, no matter how traditionally masculine this or that occupation is considered. On the other hand, the navy is extremely conservative in this matter, and the adage “a woman on a ship is in trouble” still instills superstitious fear in the hearts of sailors. “The maritime profession is not a woman’s business,” the retrogrades sneer contemptuously. "You yourself are women!" the feminists scream. So that you can figure out for yourself who is right, we offer you a selection of interesting facts.
– According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), there are 1.25 million seafarers in the world. Women among them are only 1-2%, but this number is growing. In the cruise sector, their number increases to 17-18%. In general, most of the women in the Navy work on passenger ships - ferries and liners. The cargo fleet accounts for only 6% of sailors.
- In 1562, the King of Denmark Frederick II issued a decree, which, in particular, contained the following wording: “Women and pigs are forbidden access to His Majesty's ships; if they are found on the ship, they should immediately be thrown overboard. His Gallant Majesty was not alone in his opinion - 150 years later, Emperor Peter I, who created the Russian navy from scratch, adhered to the same rules.
– Anna Shchetinina is considered to be the first female sea captain in the world. Starting as a simple sailor, she became a captain at the age of 27. It was 1935 outside. Anna became famous all over the world with her first voyage, guiding the cargo steamer "Chavycha" from Hamburg through Odessa and Singapore to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For many years she drove ships of the Baltic Shipping Company, rose to the rank of head of the port and dean of the navigation faculty. Known for the saying "There is no place for a woman on a bridge!" - in her case, rather paradoxical.
- Not all countries are equally willing to send women to work in the navy. 51.2% of seafarers are from Western Europe and the USA, 23.6% from of Eastern Europe, 9.8% from Latin America and Africa, 13.7% from East Asia, and only 1.7% from South Asia and the Middle East. This is due to the fact that in Eastern countries the attitude towards women is more conservative than in Western countries. The Spanish-speaking countries are not far from the east. "Barefoot, pregnant, in the kitchen" - very famous in Latin America proverb.
– In July 2009, a Turkish bulk carrierHorizon-1, owned by Horizon Maritime Trading, was captured by Somali pirates. The crew of the bulk carrier included a female navigator, 24-year-old Aysan Akbey. The pirates showed gallantry worthy of filibusters of the 17th century - they allowed her to call her relatives in Turkey when and how much she wished. The girl refused, saying that she did not need privileges, and she would call home at the same time when other crew members were allowed to.
- The world's first female ice drift captain is Russian Lyudmila Tibryaeva. She became a sea captain in 1987 when she was forty years old. One of the first to sail from Europe to Japan by the North Sea route was the Tiksi icebreaking transport vessel. At forty-one, she got married and almost abandoned the sea at the request of her husband, but on reflection, she continued her career. It is recognized that the marriage was very happy. “The boss must be able to spare the pride of his subordinates,” Lyudmila is sure. “Women are good captains because they know how to spare the vanity of men.”
– In December 2007 aboard an American container shipHorizon Navigator, owned by the company Horizon Lines, personnel changes were made. As a result, a unique situation has developed: the entire senior command staff turned out to be female. Captain Roberta Espinoza, Chief Officer Samantha Pirtle and Second Officer Julie Duchi took charge of the ship. In their submission was 23 crew members - all men. All three women took positions by chance, following the results of a trade union competition. “For the first time I worked in a crew where there are women besides me,” admitted Roberta Espinoza. By the way, at the time of taking over as captainHorizon NavigatorRoberta had an 18-year-old daughter, whose upbringing she successfully combined with a maritime career.
– In 2008, a woman became the captain of the largest livestock ship in the world. The ship is calledStella Deneband is owned by the Australian company Siba Ships. When Laura Pinasco took the captain's bridgeStella DenebShe was only thirty years old. However, she received her captain's diploma five years earlier. “Delivering the first batch of livestock was a real challenge,” recalls Laura. “There were more than twenty thousand heads of cattle in the party, plus two thousand sheep. Loading was like hell. We took them to Malaysia and Indonesia. No one in the world has as many passengers on board as I do.”
- The most democratic attitude towards women sailors is in the USA, but even there, until 1974, to enter the nautical educational establishments only men were allowed. Now, among the cadets of American naval schools and academies, there are 10-12% of girls. “Many girls just don’t know that they, too, can go to the sailor,” says American and ex-Captain Sherry Hickman. “Otherwise, this percentage would be much higher.”
– In 2014, the incredible happened: in the United States, a woman became a real admiral, with four stars on each shoulder, and even vice commander of naval operations for the entire country's navy. We are talking about African-American Michelle Howard - now she is officially considered a woman who has risen to the highest rank in the Navy. Michelle has a turbulent military background. Have you seen the movie Captain Phillips with Tom Hanks? So, it was Michelle who once rescued the real Phillips from the hands of Somali pirates.
- The first female naval commander in history - Queen Artemisia, ruler of Helicarnassus. At the battle of Salamis in 480 BC. e. she fought on the side of the Persians and led a whole flotilla. It is on the account of the brave Artemisia that the famous exclamation of the Persian king Xerxes, who followed the course of the battle, is attributed: “Today women were men, and men were women!” However, Artemisia brought misfortune to the fleet of Xerxes - it was defeated. Which turned out to be a great happiness for Europe, where there are now so many sailors: if it were not for the victory of the Greeks at Salamis, it would not have been on the map for a long time.
– In 2007, Royal Caribbean appointed Sweden's Karin Star-Jansson as cruise ship captainMonarch of the Seas, one of the largest liners in the world. Prior to this, women had not occupied the bridge of ships of this class and size, and even more so did not take responsibility for the lives of 2,400 passengers and 850 crew members. What is there: Swede Paula Wallenberg, compatriot Karin, commands a submarine in her homeland!
To the unprejudiced eye, it is clear that there are more women in the Navy than not. Better or worse, they cope with their duties than men, it is too early to judge. Those mentioned above are probably doing better, otherwise they would not have been allowed to take the helm, or the bridge, or even scrub the deck at all. Pioneers always have to be head and shoulders above others. When there will be more women in the Navy, when will we seeusual, not the legendary female captain when it comes toaverage a female admiral, then it will be possible to compare who is doing better. However, the need for such a comparison by that time will disappear.
To date, I know of several female captains, all commanding very respectable ships, and one the largest ship of its type in the world. Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina, deeply respected by me, is considered the first woman captain in the world, although in fact it is unlikely - it is enough to recall Grace O'Neil (Barky), the most famous filibuster woman from Ireland, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1st. Probably, Anna Ivanovna can be safely called the first female captain of the 20th century. Anna Ivanovna once said that her personal opinion is that there is no place for a woman on ships, especially on a bridge. But let's not forget that even with the relatively recent past, the middle of the last century, much in the sea and the world has dramatically changed, so modern women prove to us with considerable success that there is a place for a woman on ships, in any position.
The largest livestock ship in the world is headed by a woman
April 16, 2008 - Siba Ships appointed the captain of her largest livestock ship, concurrently and the largest ship of this type in the world, Stella Deneb, woman - Laura Pinasco.
Laura brought Stella Deneb to Fremantle, Australia, her first voyage and first ship as a captain. She is only 30 years old, she got a job at Siba Ships in 2006 as a first mate.
Laura from Genoa, at sea since 1997. She received her captain's diploma in 2003.
Laura has worked on LNG carriers and livestock carriers, and was an XO before captaincy at Stella Deneb, notably on a record-breaking head voyage last year when Stella Deneb loaded an A$11.5 million shipment in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. , assigned to Indonesia and Malaysia.
20,060 cattle and 2,564 sheep and goats were taken on board. It took 28 railway trains to deliver them to the port. Loading and transportation were carried out under careful control veterinary services and meet the highest standards.
Men and strangers are not allowed to enter - the only ship in the world completely managed by women
December 23-29, 2007 - container ship Horizon Navigator(gross 28212, built 1972, US flag, owned by HORIZON LINES LLC) 2360 TEU of Horizon Lines were captured by women.
All navigators and the captain are women. Captain Robin Espinoza, first mate Sam Pirtle, 2nd assistant Julie Duchi. All the rest of the total crew of 25 men are men. Women fell onto the bridge of a container ship, according to the company, quite by accident, during a union competition. Espinoza is extremely surprised - for the first time in 10 years she works in a crew with other women, not to mention navigators. The International Organization of Captains, Navigators and Pilots in Honolulu says it is 10% female, down from 30 years ago to just 1%.
The women are amazing, to say the least. Robin Espinoza and Sam Pirtle are schoolmates. They studied together at the Merchant Marine Academy. Sam also has a diploma as a sea captain. Julie Duci became a sailor later than her captain and chief officer, but sailors-navigators will understand and appreciate such a hobby of hers (in our times, alas and alas, this is a hobby, although without knowing a sextant, you will never become a real navigator) - “I'm probably one of the few boatmasters who uses a sextant to locate, just for fun!”
Robin Espinoza has been in the Navy for a quarter of a century. When she first began her maritime career, a woman in the US Navy was a rarity. For the first ten years of work on ships, Robin had to work in crews that consisted entirely of men. Robin, Sam and Julie love their profession very much, but when many weeks separate you from your native shore, it can be sad. Robin Espinoza, 49, says: “I really miss my husband and 18-year-old daughter.” Her age, Sam Pearl, never met someone with whom she could start a family. “I meet men,” she says, who want a woman to look after them all the time. And for me, my career is a part of myself, I can’t even for a moment admit that something could prevent me from going to sea. ”
Julie Duci, who is 46 years old, just loves the sea, and simply cannot imagine that there are other, more worthy or interesting professions in the world.
Details of the glorious command staff of the Horizon Navigator, and photos sent to me by children's writer, a former sailor, Vladimir Novikov, for which he Thanks a lot!
The world's first female captain of a mega liner
May 13-19, 2007 - Royal Caribbean International appointed captain of a cruise ship Monarch of the Seas woman, swedish Karin Star-Janson.
Monarch of the Seas is a liner of the first, so to speak, rank, gross 73937, 14 decks, 2400 passengers, 850 crew, built in 1991. That is, it belongs to the category of the largest liners in the world.
The Swedish woman became the first woman in the world to receive the position of captain on vessels of this type and size.
She has been with the company since 1997, first as a navigator on the Viking Serenade and Nordic Empress, then as an XO on the Vision of the Seas and Radiance of the Seas, then as a backup captain on Brilliance of the Seas, Serenade of the Seas and Majesty of the Seas. Her whole life is connected with the sea, higher education, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, bachelor's degree in navigation. She currently holds a diploma allowing her to command ships of any type and size.
First female Belgian captain
And the first female LPG tanker captain...
Tanker LPG Libramont (DWT 29328, length 180 m, beam 29 m, draft 10.4m, built in 2006 Korea OKRO, flag Belgium, owner EXMAR SHIPPING) was accepted by the customer in May 2006 at the OKRO shipyards, a woman took command of the vessel, the first female captain of Belgium and, apparently, the first female captain of a gas carrier tanker.
In 2006, Rogge was 32 years old, two years since she received her captain's diploma. That's all that is known about her.
Sergey Zhurkin, a reader of the site, told me about it, for which many thanks to him.
Norwegian pilot
Pictured is Marianne Ingebrigsten, April 9, 2008, after receiving her pilot's certificate, Norway. At the age of 34, she became the second female pilot in Norway, and this, unfortunately, is all that is known about her.
Russian female captains
Information about Lyudmila Tebryaeva was sent to me by a site reader Sergey Gorchakov, for which I thank him very much. I dug as much as I could and found information about two other women in Russia who are captains.
Lyudmila Tibryaeva - ice captain
Our Russian female captain, Lyudmila Tibryaeva, is, and it seems safe to say, the only female captain in the world with Arctic sailing experience.
In 2007, Lyudmila Tebryaeva celebrated three dates at once - 40 years of work in the shipping company, 20 years as a captain, 60 years since her birth. In 1987, Lyudmila Tibryaeva became a sea captain. It consists of International Association sea captains. For outstanding achievements, she was awarded in 1998 the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, second degree. Today, her portrait in a uniform tunic against the backdrop of a ship adorns the Museum of the Arctic. Lyudmila Tibryaeva received the badge "Captain of a long voyage" number 1851. In the 60s, Lyudmila from Kazakhstan came to Murmansk. And on January 24, 1967, 19-year-old Luda went on her first voyage on the icebreaker Kapitan Belousov. In the summer, a part-time student went to Leningrad to take a session, and the icebreaker went to the Arctic. She made her way to the minister to get permission to enter the nautical school. Lyudmila has successfully developed and family life, which is rare for sailors in general, and even more so for women who continue to swim.
Alevtina Alexandrova - captain in the Sakhalin Shipping Company In 2001 she turned 60 years old. Alevtina Alexandrova came to Sakhalin in 1946 with her parents, and even in her school years she began to write letters to nautical schools, and then to the ministries and personally to N.S. Khrushchev, with a request to be allowed to study at the nautical school. At the age of less than 16, A. Alexandrova became a cadet at the Nevelsk Naval School. A decisive role in her fate was played by the captain of the ship "Alexander Baranov" Viktor Dmitrenko, with whom the navigator girl was practicing. Then Alevtina got a job at the Sakhalin Shipping Company and worked there all her life.
Valentina Reutova - captain of a fishing vessel She is 45 years old, she seems to have become the captain of a fishing vessel in Kamchatka, that's all I know.
Girls rule
He goes to the fleet and youth, and letters to the president or minister are no longer required. Last year, for example, I gave a note about a graduate of Moscow State University. adm. G.I. Nevelskoy. February 9, 2007 Maritime University gave a start in life to the future captain Natalya Belokonskaya. She is the first girl in the new century - a graduate of the Faculty of Navigation. Moreover - Natalia is an excellent student! Future captain? Natalya Belokonskaya, a graduate of the Far Eastern Higher Medical School (Moscow State University), is getting a diploma, and Olya Smirnova is working as a helmsman on the river m/v "Vasily Chapaev".
North America's first female captain dies
On March 9, 2009, North America's first certified female merchant marine captain, Molly Carney, known as Molly Cool, died at the age of 93 in Canada. She graduated as a captain in 1939 at the age of 23 and sailed between Alma, New Brunswick and Boston for 5 years. It was then that in the Merchant Shipping Code of Canada, the Canadian Shipping Act was changed at the word "captain" "he" to "he / she". Pictured is Molly Carney in 1939 after receiving her captain's diploma.
They say that a woman on a ship is in trouble. But somehow I don’t really believe it, especially looking at these beautiful, self-confident women who have dedicated their lives to the sea. A selection - from the cabin boy to the captain to your attention.
Cabins, captains, navigators, minders and boatswains, etc. are gathered here. and so on. - for every taste!
Renowned navigator Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina
Anna Ivanovna served on rescue ships, repeatedly went through Pacific Ocean on old ships, and in February 1943 she received in Los Angeles a ship transferred to the Far Eastern Shipping Company under lend-lease, under the name "Jean Zhores". In December 1943, Jean Zhores, under her command, took part in the rescue of the steamer Valery Chkalov near the Comador Islands, which broke in half in a severe storm.
Lyudmila Tibryaeva - the first woman in the Murmansk Shipping Company - Arctic captain
40 years at sea, 20 years on the bridge. Lyudmila Tibryaeva was among the first to lead the Tiksi icebreaking transport vessel from Europe to Japan by the North Sea route, and became a member of the Association of Captains, which includes the country's best sailors.
Aleftina Borisovna Aleksandrova (1942-2012) - Aleftina Borisovna spent more than 40 years on the captain's bridge of the motor ships Sakhalinles and Sibirles, 30 of them as captain of the Sakhalin Shipping Company.
Sea captain Irina Mikhailova - Far Eastern female captain
Tatiana Oleinik. The first and only woman sea captain in Ukraine.
Kate McKay (39) became the first female cruise ship captain in the US in 2016 and also the youngest cruise ship captain.
Kate McKay became the first female cruise ship captain in the United States in 2016 and also the youngest cruise ship captain.
Tatyana Sukhanova, 46 years old, Vladivostok; container ship captain, 28 years of experience
Works as a captain in a Cypriot company, leads flights to Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Evgenia Korneva, 23 years old, St. Petersburg; 4th assistant to the captain of the gas carrier
Laura Pinasco (32) is the captain of one of the largest livestock transport ships.
The world's first female captain of a mega liner Swedish Karin Star-Jansson
Monarch of the Seas is a first rank liner that belongs to the category of the largest liners in the world. 73937, 14 decks, 2400 passengers, 850 crew, built in 1991.
First female LPG tanker captain Porre Lix (age 32)
Seven feet under the keel, girls!
Equal rights were promoted from time to time in the Soviet Union. Including the sea. In the movies, an adult uncle told a girl who was embarrassed that she was not a boy and was not suitable for sailors: “Girls can also be captains.” There were films with sailor girls. But in fact, there were very few female sea captains in the USSR. The first in the Union and in the world was Anna Shchetinina.
Edition PM
The name of Shchetinina thundered all over the world in 1935. Newspapers exploded with a sensation: “A young Soviet woman led the ship through polar ice!" Anna Ivanovna was only twenty-seven years old, and she sailed on a ship called "Chinook" from Hamburg to Kamchatka through Arctic waters. Everything “polar” at that time was extremely exciting for the public, and then there was the first female captain in the ice and a record for the transition time.
Just a year later, the same "Chinook" was covered with ice, and Shchetinina was again on the captain's bridge. For eleven days, the crew under her leadership fought to save the ship and their lives - and broke out of the ice. On an almost unscathed ship.
On the ocean
Anna Shchetinina was born at a station called Okeanskaya, near Vladivostok. On one side of the coastline were hills, on the other - heavy waves of the Pacific Ocean. Then there could be no talk of a woman on the captain's bridge.
But in the roaring twenties, Soviet universities and colleges were accepted without looking at the floor. After graduating from school, she ventured to apply to the Vladivostok Marine College. And specifically for the navigation department: the competition is five people per place. And she was accepted! They warned that the work was physically difficult and that there was only room in one room with the boys from the group. In the technical school, the practice took place on ships. Anna happened to be in the shoes of a sailor. They pressed harder than on men. They gave the most difficult tasks, there were no indulgences in anything. Anya understood that she was surely expected to fail, to cry, to be weak. Meanwhile, she received the best grades for practice: literally everyone on the ship was imbued with respect for such a will and such pride. But two fellow students could not stand the pressure and left. Although, I must say, out of thirty-nine boys, too, only seventeen reached the end of their studies.
After graduating from a technical school, Shchetinina went from sailor to first mate in five years. An unusually fast-paced career for that time. Well, at least the authorities were always fair with her: the requirements were put forward higher than for the guys, but the reward for such overload was not long in coming. So by 1935, Shchetinina had earned herself a name in the Navy and the right to become a captain. The Chinook was her first ship as a captain. And immediately - an extremely difficult route. Everything, as always: at each new place it was tested for strength. This time, polar ice.
But three years later, however, she was removed from the captain's bridge. Vladivostok needed to create a fishing port. From scratch. Youth, energy, intelligence, authority and the ability to negotiate - all this together was required in one person, the head of the port. It is not surprising that Shchetinina was chosen.
Anna Ivanovna used the delay on the shore to the fullest. She not only put the port to work, but in two and a half years she completed four courses at the Leningrad Institute of Water Transport Engineers and ... She quit. Shchetinina seemed to be out of character, but at a session in Leningrad she learned that a large-scale transfer of ships to the Far East was being prepared. In June 1941, Anna Ivanovna took over a steamer in Liepaja as a captain. On June 21, she entered Leningrad on it; further the path lay to the Far East, but ... The war began.
Woman on board - good luck
The ship was urgently handed over to the Navy. Shchetinina was put on the old steamer "Saule" (that is, "Sun" in Lithuanian), which has already exceeded half a century. Nearby, on Ladoga, Nikolai also served. Throughout the war, Shchetinina on her "old man" transported soldiers, cartridges, shells, coal and fuel. Such boats were regularly fired upon by the Germans, many of them were lowered to the bottom. But Shchetinina managed to get out alive and with the ship. On August 28, 1941, Anna Ivanovna was supposed to participate in the mass evacuation from Tallinn. A caravan of 225 ships left the city. They were on their way to Kronstadt, and these ships, in many ways the same "old men" as those of Shchetinina, were fiercely bombed by the Germans. 163 ships reached Kronstadt, more than ten thousand people died. The death of people in the Tallinn passage has become the largest maritime disaster in history.
But "Saule" was shot down on the way to Tallinn. Shchetinina managed to put him aground. For several days, the crew fought off the bombarding aircraft. Half fought back - and half repaired their "Sun". It was no longer possible to break into Tallinn, and Shchetinina returned to Kronstadt. From there, she was immediately transferred to the Far East. The task was unusual: it was necessary to take her old ship "Karl Liebknecht" for repairs.
The strange thing was that it had to be repaired neither more nor less in Canada, and to get there it was necessary to get across the Pacific Ocean on a leaking, falling apart steamer. The Canadians at the sight of the “patient” threw up their hands, but the woman captain and the path she had done on such a trough impressed them, and, as Shchetinina later said, they attached an actually new steamer to the old pipe.
Until the end of the war, Anna Ivanovna cruised from Vladivostok to Canada and the USA and back, however, already on a different ship. She was transporting military supplies and equipment from the allies. Officially, Soviet ships were safe in the Pacific: Japan did not declare war on the USSR. But in fact, the Japanese submarines, when there was an opportunity, Soviet ships were sunk in the same way as American ones. As they say, because they could.
The ship was American, long, new, but built without taking into account the need for special strength along. Such ships in severe storms literally broke in half. Shchetinina had a chance to remove the crew from the split steamer "Valery Chkalov". Anna Ivanovna's steamboat also once parted in the middle - five hundred miles from the coast, but the crew managed to fasten the divergent halves of the sides "on a living thread." The ship was brought to Akutan Bay. After such adventures, anyone who, during the time of Shchetinina's sailors, remembered that a woman was on board - unfortunately, would be ridiculed. Anna Ivanovna was definitely born with a huge supply of luck and generously shared it with her ships. The glory of the world's first female sea captain was actively used in the interests of Soviet diplomacy. Barely going ashore, Shchetinina, without really resting, had to bring herself into a “secular” look and attend receptions and other events. There, she actually negotiated with important American naval officials.
Peaceful years
After the war, Shchetinina finally graduated from the institute and walked around the Baltic. Once, an almost entirely female crew approached her, and the Swedish pilot, who happened to work with their ship, was at first seriously frightened. In the face of the Swede, of course, women did not laugh, but he became a character in naval jokes in the Soviet Union for a long time.
After forty, serious problems rained down on Shchetinina one after another. Anna Ivanovna lost her mother, husband, was demoted for an accident in bad weather (she ran aground a steamer). I wanted peace. And, perhaps, to convey your unique experience so that it does not go to waste. She agreed to a teaching position at the same university that she had once graduated from.
At the age of fifty, Shchetinina transferred to a university for Far East: pulled home. Prepared dozens of captains. Headed the Primorsky branch Geographic Society USSR and became an active member of the Committee of Soviet Women. Several times she, a living legend, was elected as a deputy. In absentia, she became a member (the only woman) in the Australian captains club and an honorary member of the International Federation of Associations of Sea Captains.
She lived a long life and died before she could see the next century - in 1999. After her, there were many textbooks, manuals and, of course, several autobiographical books: she had something to tell the world about her life. And captains, a lot of captains who raised new captains.
Olga Tonina.
Sea captain - Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina.
The world's first female sea captain.
Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina was born on February 26, 1908 at Okeanskaya station near Vladivostok. Father Ivan Ivanovich (1877-1946) was born in the village of Chumay, Kemerovo Region, Verkhne-Chubulinsky District, worked (1908 and later) as a switchman, forester, worker and employee in the fisheries, carpenter and commandant of dachas in the Regional Department of the NKVD. Mother Maria Filosofovna (1876) from the Kemerovo region. Brother Vladimir Ivanovich (1919) was born in Vladivostok, worked as a workshop foreman at the Aircraft Plant at the station. Varfolomeevka Primorsky Krai. In 1919 A.I. Shchetinina began studying at an elementary school in Sadgorod. After the entry of the Red Army into Vladivostok, the schools were reorganized, and from 1922 Anna Ivanovna studied at a unified labor school at the Sedanka station, where in 1925 she completed 8 classes. In the same year, she entered the navigation department of the Vladivostok Marine College. While studying at the technical school, she worked as a nurse and cleaner in the dental office of the technical school. She was constantly at work and was never afraid of "black" work. During the training period, she swam as a student on steamer "Simferopol" and guard ship "Bryukhanov" Dalryby, a sailor on the "First Crab Fisher" p/v. In 1928, she married Nikolai Filippovich Kachimov, who worked as a radio operator on fishing industry ships, and later as head of the Fishing Industry Radio Service in Vladivostok. (In 1938, Nikolai Filippovich was arrested and kept under investigation in the Vladivostok prison for a year. In 1939 he was released and rehabilitated. From 1939 to 1941 he worked at the Radio Center of the People's Commissariat of Fishery in Moscow. In 1941 he volunteered for the front, served in the Ladoga military flotilla head of warhead-4. He had 4 government awards. He died in 1950.) After graduating from a technical school, Anna Ivanovna was sent to the Joint Stock Kamchatka Shipping Company, where she went from sailor to captain in just 6 years. She also worked on a schooner "Okhotsk", which left in her memory vivid memories associated with one incident: "During the parking lot at the plant, where repairs had just been completed at Okhotsk, the minder on duty started the auxiliary engine that ensured the operation of the generator and violated safety rules. A fire broke out. After removing people, the engine room was closed, the ship was towed aground near the southern coast of the bay and flooded, for which it was necessary to cut through the wooden sheathing of the side. steamboat "Koryak" In 1932, at the age of 24, Anna received a navigation diploma. In 1933 or 1934 she received A.A. Kacharava (the future commander of the steamer "Sibiryakov", who entered into battle with the "pocket" battleship "Admiral Sheer" in 1942) in the position of senior assistant to the captain of the steamer "Orochon", owned by the Joint-Stock Kamchatka Society. Kacharava was then 23 or 24 years old. Anna Shchetinina, who is four years older than him (the difference in this age is noticeable), respectfully addressed him - "Anatoly Alekseevich." 
Steamboat "Chinook" December 12, 1937.
Shchetinina's first voyage as a captain (1935. She is already or only 27 years old.) - the passage of the Chinook steamer from Hamburg to Kamchatka - attracted the attention of the world press. Anna Ivanovna received the Hohenfels cargo steamer bought in Germany and given the new name Chinook. Repair of the ship at the shipyard "Hovaldsverke" was completed in early summer, and it went to the USSR. Anna Ivanovna recalls: “In Hamburg, we were met by our representative engineer Lomnitsky. He said that“ my ”ship had already arrived from South America and after unloading, docked to examine the underwater part of the hull, that the captain was warned of my arrival and stunned that a woman would come to replace him. Immediately, Lomnitsky examined me rather critically and said that he never thought that I was so young (he apparently wanted to say - a girl). He asked, among other things, how old I was, and, having learned that I was already twenty-seven, he noted that they could give me five years less. I also, as it were, looked at myself from the side and thought that I was not solid enough for the captain: a blue silk hat, a gray coat, light-colored shoes. But I decided that a uniform suit is only later, on the ship, when I'm doing business. After breakfast and accommodation at the hotel, everyone went to the ship. At the city pier, we boarded a boat and set off along the Elbe River to the so-called "Free Harbor", where there was a steamer, which I so wanted and was so afraid to see. Lomnitsky answered my questions: - See for yourself. Such an intriguing answer made us wary and expect some kind of surprise. Good or bad? The boat runs briskly along the river, and I look around uneasily, trying to be the first to see and recognize "my" ship myself. But they don't give me. Engineer Lomnitsky warns: - Behind the bend, on the other side, there will be a floating dock. Look! The boat turns and rushes to the opposite shore, and I see a floating dock and on it - a ship, stern to us. The underwater part of its hull has been cleaned and has already been painted with a bright red-brown paint on one side. The freeboard is green, the superstructures are white, the intricate Hansa brand on the funnel. At the stern, the name is "Hohenfels" and the port of registry is Hamburg. I even choked with pleasure, joy, pride - whatever you want to call it. What a big, what a clean boat! What wonderful body contours! I tried many times to imagine it. The reality exceeded all my expectations. The boat stops at the pier. We rise to the floating dock and go to the ship. They give way to me: the captain must board the ship first. I'm touched. I see people on deck: they meet us. But I haven't looked at them yet. As soon as I cross the gangway, I touch the ship's gunwale with my hand and, greeting him, whisper a greeting to him so that no one notices. Then I turn my attention to the people standing on the deck. The first in the group of those who meet are the captain - I judge this by the galloons on the sleeves - and a man in a civilian gray suit. I extend my hand to the captain and greet him in German. He immediately introduces me to a man in civilian clothes. It turns out that this is a representative of the Hansa company, authorized to formalize the transfer of this group of ships. I understand the captain in the sense that at first I should have greeted this "high representative", but I deliberately do not want to understand this: for me the main thing now is the captain. Can't find it in my stock German words necessary expressions for a polite greeting - for this a few lessons German language taken in Leningrad are not enough. I switch to English. And only after saying everything that I considered necessary to the captain, I greet the representative of the Hansa company, keeping his last name in my memory. This must be strictly followed. If at least once you were told the last name of a person, especially with such representations, you must remember it and not forget it in subsequent conversations. Here I also tried to manage in English. Then we were introduced to the chief engineer - a very elderly and very handsome-looking "grandfather" - and the chief mate - a desperately red-haired and freckled fellow of about thirty. He especially shook my hand and spoke a lot, now in German, now in English. This rather lengthy greeting made the captain jokingly remark that my appearance on the ship made a strong impression on everyone, but, apparently, especially on the chief officer, and the captain was afraid that he was losing in this moment a good senior assistant. Such a joke somehow helped me come to my senses and hide my involuntary embarrassment from everyone's attention. After everyone got to know each other, we were invited to the captain's cabin. I fluently, but memorizing every detail, examined the deck and everything that came into view: superstructures, corridors, ladders and, finally, the captain's office. Everything was good, clean and in good order. The captain's office occupied the entire forward part of the upper deckhouse. It contained a solid desk, an armchair, a corner sofa, a snack table in front of it, good chairs. The entire rear bulkhead was occupied by a glazed sideboard with many beautiful dishes in special nests. The business part of the conversation was short. Engineer Lomnitsky acquainted me with a number of documents, from which I learned the main conditions for accepting the ship, as well as the fact that the ship was given the name of our Far Eastern large salmon fish - "Chinook". The entire group of received vessels received the names of fish and marine animals: "Sima", "Kizhuch", "Tuna", "Whale", etc. Here, the captain and I agreed on the procedure for receiving the vessel. It was decided to call the team with the next flight of our passenger ship from Leningrad. At present, it was necessary to get acquainted with the progress and quality of the repair and finishing work, stipulated by the agreement on the transfer of the vessel. After a business conversation, the captain invited us to drink a glass of wine. The conversation began. Captain Butman said that he was surprised by the news of the sale of the vessel Soviet Union and that it should be delivered now. He did not hide that he was very upset. He has been sailing on this ship for six years, got used to it, considers it a very good seaworthy vessel, and he is sorry to leave it. He gallantly added that, however, he was glad to hand over such a wonderful ship to such a young captain, and even the first woman in the world who deserved the right and high honor to stand on the captain's bridge. Toast followed toast. Dry, business-like short toast representative of the Hansa company. It was felt that he was upset that Germany was forced to sell its fleet to the Soviet Union: he understood that the Soviet navy was growing, which means that all of our National economy. The toast of "grandfather" who greeted all our sailors sounded very good and simple. He clinked glasses with everyone, and said a few warm words to me that sounded downright paternal. The sergeant-major spoke again for a long time. From his German-English speech, I understood that he would try to hand over the ship in such a way that the new (again compliments followed) captain would have no complaints and that the new crew would understand that the ship was taken from real sailors who knew how to protect and maintain it in due order. Wow! Now that's the thing! If this is not just polite chatter, then a friend has been acquired who wants to help with the reception of the ship. The next day, dressed in work clothes, I began to inspect the ship. The captain did not accompany me everywhere. This was done by the senior assistant. Holds, rope boxes, some double-bottom tanks, coal pits, and the engine room were inspected. Everything was looked at in detail. Time was not spared. They worked until two o'clock, then they sorted out the drawings and other documents. After the working day, I changed clothes and, at the invitation of the captain, took part in lengthy conversations that were daily held in the captain's cabin with members of the German commanders ship and our sailors, who came to the end of the working day. After such conversations, we, Soviet sailors, went to our hotel, dined, walked around the city, although not always. We were all very burdened by the atmosphere of the city, and we tried to spend time in our own circle. I was in Germany for the third time. I used to like it there, I liked the people - so simple, cheerful and good-natured, businesslike and reasonable. I liked the exceptional cleanliness and order on the streets, in houses, in shops and shops. Germany in 1935 was unpleasantly struck by some deadly emptiness of many streets, an abundance of flags with a swastika and the measured clatter of forged boots of young men in khaki with a swastika on their sleeves, who, as a rule, paced the streets in pairs, came across in the corridors of the hotel, in the dining room. Their loud barking voices cut their ears. It was somehow especially uncomfortable, as if you were in good mood came to the house of his good old friends and ended up at a funeral ... And I, frankly, was just scared in this huge hotel. It was terrible at night to listen to the same measured clatter, which was not drowned out even by the carpets in the corridors. I counted the days until the arrival of my team and until the final acceptance of the ship, when it would already be possible to get on it. With the arrival of our team, things began to boil in a new way, the acceptance of property and spare parts began. As always in such cases, opinions appeared that "this is not so" and that "not quite so." There was a desire to redo something, to do something anew. I had to strictly ensure that people did not get carried away and understood that the ship was not its own veranda and it was not at all necessary to remake it in your own way. A few days later, our entire crew came to the conclusion that the German team behaves very loyally towards us, helps a lot in the work and does a lot even beyond what is required by agreement. The first officer of the German team did not break his promises. From the very beginning, he proved that he was handing over the ship not only in good conscience, but even more. By the way, not without a joke. Whenever I came to the ship, he always met me not only at the gangway, but even at the pier. If I carried anything, he offered his help. My first mate, and all the assistants asked me: what to do with him - break his legs or leave him like that? And how to behave: to meet your captain at the entrance to the plant, or to recognize this right for the German? I had to laugh it off: since we were not on our own land, we must reckon with this, but it does not interfere with our young people to learn politeness and attentiveness. Our team began to call the German first mate "fascist", but then, seeing his friendliness and businesslike help, - simply "Red Vanya". By the end of the reception of the vessel, a solemn raising of the flag was being prepared. What a great event this is - the acceptance of a new vessel for our navy. We brought the flags of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the pennants of our organization with us, and we looked forward to their solemn hoisting. I invited the German captain and crew, as well as the representative of the Hansa company and other representatives to the solemn raising of the flag. All, as one, answered that they probably would not be able to accept the invitation: the captain was leaving for Berlin on that very day, the representative of the Hanse should go on business to other ports - and that's all. We understood very well that they were simply forbidden to be present at the hoisting of the Soviet flag on our ship. Our guesses were confirmed by the fact that on the appointed day the German flag was no longer raised on the ship. I had to limit myself to the fact that, even before the raising of our flag, I invited the German command staff for a glass of wine at my place. Again there were toasts and wishes. And then the Germans quickly left the ship one by one. The captains and crews of our host vessels arrived, as well as our representatives. And now a command sounds on our ship: - Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and raise a pennant! And slowly, in expanded form, our scarlet flag will rise and with it the pennant of the Joint Stock Company of Kamchatka. The flag and pennant are raised. We all sing the "Internationale" with enthusiasm. The sounds of a unique melody are pouring over the ship and the piers, which were recently still full of people, and now are empty, as if for many miles there is not a single person except us, Soviet people, on the deck of a Soviet ship, which has now become a piece of native territory. How much it means to be away from the Motherland and feel at home! And the ship is also our native land!..." On June 15, 1935, the ship arrived in Odessa. A month later, on July 16, 1935, it left for Kamchatka. The journey here from the Black Sea took fifty-eight days. On the morning of September 12, 1935, the Chinook was solemnly welcomed in the port of Petropavlovsk. After a small repair, the steamer proceeded to the coastal plants: her long-term daily voyages with supply cargo and passengers began. In mid-December 1935 "Chinook" was in Mitoga. A severe storm that swept over the plant destroyed many buildings and structures. Fortunately, there were no casualties. On December 14, the ship handed over food and warm clothes to the shore for the victims. In February, in the winter of 1936, "Chinook" for eleven days it was covered with ice in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Olyutorsky fish processing plant. During the forced drift, the food came to an end. The sailors sat on a meager ration: the team was given 600 grams of bread a day, the command staff - 400. It turned out to be running out and fresh water. The crew and passengers collected snow from the ice floes, poured it into the forepeak, and then melted it with steam. So they got about 100 tons of drinking water and boilers. This allowed the ship to remove almost all fish products in Olyutorka. During the whole day of ice captivity, A. I. Shchetinina did not leave the captain's bridge, steering the ship with her own hands, looking for a convenient moment to take the Chinook salmon out of the ice. The ship's crew worked smoothly and without fuss. The senior assistant captain and the sailors tried to cut the ice floe with a saw to free the ship, but they failed to do this. To turn the Chinook salmon, a light anchor was brought onto the ice. As a result of titanic efforts, the ship left heavy ice no hull damage. In order to avoid damage to the propeller, the captain decided to sink its stern, for which the crew and passengers reloaded the contents of the bow holds into the stern for several days. However, although the draft of the vessel increased astern, three propeller blades were bent. AI Shchetinina commanded the "Chinook" until 1938. She received her first Order of the Red Banner of Labor precisely for these heavy, truly "male" voyages through the Sea of Okhotsk. On January 10, 1937, the leadership of the AKO ordered her to be sent "to Moscow to receive an order." The corresponding order that day came to Kamchatka from Glavryba. On January 23-24, 1937, a conference of AKO enterprises was held in Petropavlovsk. Her transcript contains many episodes that characterize the state of the society's fleet during this period. The main problems hindering its normal operation were voiced by the captain of the Chinook A. I. Shchetinina, who by this time had achieved all-Union fame. Outstanding personal qualities, as well as great authority among the sailors, gave the words of Anna Ivanovna considerable weight, forcing party and economic leaders of high ranks to listen to them. The main problem in the work of the fleet were its big idle times. According to A. I. Shchetinina, each ship should have been assigned to a certain fish factory: "then both the ship and the shore will mutually try to get the job done." It was required to clearly plan the work of ships in non-navigation time. Often they went into repair at the same time, then left it at the same time and accumulated in the unequipped Petropavlovsk port, which was not suitable for their mass processing. It was necessary to timely send notices to the ships about changes in navigation conditions in order to avoid situations like: "We were not told that lights were set in Petropavlovsk, and we do not know where they are set." In winter, it was necessary to organize the transmission of weather reports and ice conditions. In 1938, A. I. Shchetinina was appointed head of the fishing port in Vladivostok. In the same year, she entered the Leningrad Institute of Water Transport at the Faculty of Navigation. Having the right to attend lectures freely, she finishes 4 courses in two and a half years. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Anna Ivanovna received a referral to the Baltic Shipping Company. In August 1941, under fierce fire from the Nazis, she drove a steamer loaded with food and weapons. "Saule" along the Gulf of Finland, supplying our army. In the autumn of 1941, together with a group of sailors, she was sent to Vladivostok at the disposal of the Far Eastern Shipping Company. 
There she worked on the ships "Karl Liebknecht", "Rodina" and "Jean Jaures"(type "Liberty") - transported military cargo across the Pacific Ocean. One of her post-war colleagues relates the following story from her life: "... During the war, I quite often had to attend receptions in the United States and Canada," she said. "At one of them I was introduced to those present officials. The secretary of the embassy met everyone and loudly announced the name and position. I arrived a little earlier than the deadline and was also introduced to the audience. In addition, one of the employees of the Soviet embassy, who took care of me, introducedl with the people he called"important people useful to our state"
.
And then Anna Ivanovna told how, talking with one of the persons introduced to her, she asked him to name himself again. For this oversight"guardian" from the embassy made a stern remark to her.
The embarrassment greatly upset Anna Ivanovna.
- She came to her ship, locked herself in the cabin, and burst into tears like a woman, - she admitted.
It was hard for me to even imagine this courageous woman crying. I did not see tears on her face either during the funeral of her mother, Maria Filosofovna, or later, after the death of her brother, Vladimir Ivanovich.
She explained that what failed in this case was that before this reception in Canada, at a similar protocol event in CSHA, everyone present was given "identification marks"
, where the surname, name and position were indicated. Hey tThey also issued a business card with the inscription " CAPTAIN Anna Schetinina , which aroused special curiosity and attention of others. and Anna Ivanovna and said that after this "Canadian embarrassment"
, she did not give up, but took the role of the ship and began to train her memory for names and faces.
- I read names, surnames and mentally imagined a face, special signs that every person has. Then everyone in the team began to call only by name and patronymic. Literally a few days later, my constant companion on flights, the barmaid Annushka (A.A. Tsarevskaya), happily announced that there was a rumor in the crew about my amazing memory. And in the future, I always applied the practice I found to show courtesy towards people....." At the very end of World War II, on August 25, 1945, Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina participates in the VKMA-3 convoy in the transfer of the 264th Infantry Division to southern Sakhalin. In 1947, the ship "Dmitry Mendeleev", commanded by Shchetinina , delivered to Leningrad the statues stolen by the Nazis from Petrodvorets during the occupation.Many years later, she will say about herself: "I went through the whole difficult path of a sailor from beginning to end. And if I am now the captain of a large ocean ship, then each of my subordinates knows that I did not come from the foam of the sea! "After the end of the war with Japan, she filed a request to be released to Leningrad to graduate from the Leningrad Institute of Water Transport Engineers. She worked in Leningrad until 1949 in the Baltic Shipping Company as the captain of the ships "Dniester", "Pskov", "Askold", "Beloostrov", "Mendeleev". On the "Mendeleev" she sat in the fog on the reefs of Senar Island, for which the Minister of the Ministry of Finance was transferred to the captain of the vessels of the V group for one year She commanded the timber carrier "Baskunchak" before it moved to the Far East. 
Since 1949, Shchetinina went to work at the Leningrad Higher Engineering maritime school- as an assistant and at the same time completing the 5th year of the Faculty of Navigation in absentia. In LVIMU in 1951, she was appointed first as a senior lecturer, and then as a dean of the navigation faculty. In 1956 she was awarded the title of Associate Professor. In 1960, he was transferred to the Vladivostok Higher Marine Engineering School to the position of associate professor of the Department of Marine Engineering. In the archive of Moscow State University. adm. G.I. Nevelskoy (former VVIMU and DVVIMU), documents related to A.I. Shchetinina, for example, in the "Minutes of the meeting of the department dated May 30, 1963 on the re-election of Shchetinina as an assistant professor of the department, good lectures were noted in the courses "Meteorology and Oceanography", "Marine Affairs", "Navigation and Piloting", management of theses, writing teaching aids and books.". In 1963, becoming chairman of the Primorsky branch of the Geographical Society of the USSR, Shchetinina published an appeal to navigators, urging them to report observations "of unusual, anomalous or rare phenomena", the study of which "will expand human knowledge" In 1969 and 1974 she is again re-elected, but already in the department of "Ship management and its technical operation". In 1972, the Far East Sea Medical School applied for the appointment of a republican pension to the sea captain Shchetinina A.I. Unfortunately, to as it often happens in the state where Mentally handicapped people, like N.S. Khrushchev, come to power instead of attention and care for those who are busy with the present and the right thing, the authorities begin to glorify and praise those who bend their backs better. That is whythe long-deserved title - Hero of Socialist Labor - Anna Ivanovna Shchetinina received only by the 70th anniversary.
Captain Shchetinina was awarded several orders for commanding ships during the Great Patriotic War, on which she performed the now well-known orii " fiery flights " . Her successes in peacetime were noticed not only in the USSR, but also abroad. Indicative in this sense is the fact that even unshakable conservatives - Australian captains and leaders - violated their age-old tradition for her sake: not to allow a woman into the holy of holies- "Rotary Club" . And before A.I. Shchetinina opened the doors. Moreover, they gave the floor on their forum. And later, during the celebration of her 90th birthday, the President of the World Association of Captains, Mr. Kawashima, presented Anna Ivanovna with congratulations on behalf of the captains of Europe and America.
But in her country, the first woman sea captain A.I. Shchetinina for a long time was not awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Although by this time two women who became captains after her -
Orlikova And kissa
bore this title. The management of the school prepared and sent the relevant documents to the government. But the award did not take place. Secretary of the Regional Committee of the CPSU for Ideology A.G. Mulenkov explained that officialsto the award commission said: "What do you expose your captain? I have a woman in line - the director of the institute, and a woman - a well-known cotton grower!"
. Attempts to explain that this is the world's first female captain of a distant plAvaniya, he just shammed: "You would also introduce the world's first carriage driver ...". The reason for the refusal was "dissenting opinion" one of the representatives of Morflot in the Central Committee of the CPSU, previously the deputy head of the Baltic Shipping Company for personnel. In my time A.I. Shchetinina sharply his criticized for unseemly deeds in this post. In the late 70s, A.I. Shchetinina receives an invitation from the head of the FESCO, V.P. Byankin to the post of captain-mentor. The award found her on her 70th birthday. It was on February 26, 1978, when Anna Ivanovna's birthday was celebrated in the old Sailors' Club, that the award case fell on the table to L.I. Brezhnev, and was signed. 
The first in the world. Shchetinin and Tereshkov. A.I. Shchetina became a member of the Writers' Union of Russia and wrote two books, one of which is called On the Seas and Beyond the Seas. The writer Lev Knyazev said about her: "Anna Ivanovna is a wonderful writer, the only woman in the world, as far as I know, a marine painter. She did not turn to the so-called" pure "artistic prose, although, judging by the language in which the books are written, she could well to do this.The value of her books is in their absolute truthfulness, high professionalism and another, not so frequent quality - kindness.Telling about real events, describing hundreds of sailors and other people with whom her sea roads collided, she she didn't say a bad word about them. She is a sailor and understood sailors with their virtues and shortcomings. That is why her books will surely outlive many works of art and preserve her legendary image. "The author's song developed in the 70s with active participation Anna Ivanovna. The Tourist Patriotic Song Competition held in Vladivostok, where she headed the jury, will turn into the Primorsky Strings festival in a year, which will later become the largest bard festival in the Far East. Anna Ivanovna was also the organizer of the "Club of Captains" in Vladivostokin the old building of the Palace of Culture of Sailors on street Pushkinskaya. Washing into a glass has become an obligatory rituale badge of honour"sea captain"
for the newly minted chief commander of the vessel. She amazed experienced captains with her directorial finds, which Eldar Ryazanov himself would envy. These were also comic competitions between the teams of artists of the Primorsky Regional Theater named after M. Gorky and a group of captains And fashion demonstration women's clothing
And ballroom dances, in which gallant cavaliers performed bizarre steps of a forgotten polonaise, famously danced in a Polish mazurka, and collective holiday performances . Anna Ivanovna had to persuade some captains for a long time to play an unusual role.. Elders of the "Captains Club" helped young commanders in their official and domestic affairs,
they often had to go directly to the management of the shipping company. The Club also accepted the captains of the fishing fleet of Primorye, and the most worthy commanders Pacific Fleet. They did not pass by misconduct discrediting the title of capEthan, removed from the guilty " shavings ". Anna Ivanovna died on September 25, 1999. At the Marine Cemetery in Vladivostok, a monument was erected to her, built at the expense of shipping companies and ports. Hero of Socialist Labor, Honorary Worker Marine fleet, Honorary citizen of the city of Vladivostok, Honorary member of the Geographical Society of the USSR, member of the Writers' Union of Russia, active member of the Soviet Women's Committee, Honorary member of the Far East Association of Sea Captains in London, FESMA and IFSMA. For her work, Anna Ivanovna was noted by many government awards: two orders of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War II degree, the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", medal "For the Victory over Japan", gold medal "Hammer and Sickle", insignia "Hero of Socialist Labor". not far from the house where the female captain lived, there is a square named after her.On the school building, which Anna Shchetinina graduated in 1925, Memorial plaque. The issue of assigning her name to one of the streets of the city of Vladivostok is being considered. 
Used
naya literature
:
http://rodoslov.ru/index.html http://www.strings.primorsky.ru/Vip-s.htm http://news.mail.ru/society/1625674/
