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Zaitseva Marusya
In the work of D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe" the main character is Robinson Crusoe, who remained a man in difficult conditions.
Robinson was drawn to the sea from childhood, and he dreamed of becoming a sailor, but his father wanted him to become a judge and therefore cursed his son.
Robinson sometimes regretted that he did not obey his father and ran away from home, because his father warned him how many trials he would have to endure.
Robinson's first test was captivity. When he sailed on a ship, they were attacked by pirates - the Moors. Robinson was in captivity for a long time, but there he learned tricks. In the end, he escaped from captivity, using his cunning.
The most difficult test was getting Robinson to the island, where a lot of difficulties awaited him.
On the island, anyone can become a savage, but Robinson stubbornly fought for life. Although Robinson was afraid of difficulties, he managed to cope with them.
First, Robinson was constantly visited by fear, fear of wild animals, hunger, attacks of savages. He was afraid to become a savage, to stoop to such a level.
Robinson heroically overcame all the difficulties of his lonely life. Robinson gathered all his willpower and remained a man in almost unsurvivable conditions.
On Robinson Island, not only did he remain a man, he re-experienced all stages of the development of technology. He built himself a house, not missing a single detail, began to breed a herd of goats, he had his own barley fields, he made himself an excellent fence, no worse than a Chinese wall, and, most importantly, he became a believer, and after all, when he ran away from parental home, he was a stupid brat. In any case, the island helped him to make himself a person. As they say, there is no evil without good.
I believe that Robinson remained a man thanks to his work, another in his place would either turn into a savage, or lay down and die. Robinson was helped by hard work and the ability to cope with difficult situations.
Martyakov Dima
In the work of D. Defoe, the main character is Robinson Crusoe. The first test for Robinson was a conflict with his father. He ran away from his home when he was eighteen years old. The second test was captivity. Robinson got to the Moors. After 8 years, he escaped from the Moors with the help of cunning.
The third test for Robinson was the island. He got there during a storm. Robinson did not know how to survive, as he did not have food and water. But every day he adapted more and more to the climate of the island.
On a desert island, Robinson had a hard time at first. But then he learned a lot: to hunt, fish, build, sew.
Robinson was at first stupid and unbelieving, but after a few years he became very wiser.
When Robinson returned from the island on an English ship, his parents died, since Robinson lived on the island for a very long time: 28 years, 2 months and 19 days, and his parents, when Robinson was eighteen years old, were already old.
Robinson remained a man because he wore clothes, started a diary and a calendar.
If he had not done this, he would not have been a man, but a savage.
Zaitsev Yura
The main character of D. Defoe's book is named Robinson Crusoe. Heir to a wealthy father, he experienced many hardships from the age of eighteen.
He always thought about the sea, but his father strictly forbade sea adventures and even cursed him when Robinson decided to go to sea. Robinson did not listen. During the voyage, his ship was attacked by pirates - the Moors. After being taken prisoner for three years, he became brave man. He soon ran away from the pirates.
The next confirmation of the father's curse happened when Robinson Crusoe sailed from Brazil to Africa for slaves. He failed during a shipwreck. Soon I ended up on an island where there was no one to talk to.
Once on the island, he was frightened and did not immediately get used to it. After the shipwreck, he needed help. There were no clothes, it was extremely difficult to get food, so he was starving. He did not have the courage to go into the depths of the forest. And there were many more difficulties on the island.
But the time came when he got tired of being afraid, and he began to fight them non-stop. First, he dragged all the things from the bow of the ship. There were guns, muskets, gunpowder, buckshot and other things for life on a desert island. Secondly, he made a house, raised goats, learned to farm, became a believer.
He ran away from his parental home self-confident in his actions, unbelieving, unintelligent, after all the trials he became completely different, having changed his disposition.
He survived and remained a man thanks to work and self-control.
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It is labor and hard work of thought that help Robinson Crusoe to survive and preserve human qualities. Defoe "Life and amazing Adventures Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, described by himself "- essay" Essay based on the novel by D. Defoe "The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" "
The English writer D. Defoe entered the history of literature as the creator of many realistic and noble images. He was a people's writer - not only in content, but also in the form of his works, in a lively, direct manner of narration, in a simple, accessible language. His masterpiece The Life and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe has been translated into almost all European languages and became part of the history of world culture. In the novel, the author, using the example of the fate of an individual, managed to reveal all the richness and diversity of real life, to show the importance of real human values: communication, caring for one's neighbor, constant work.
Drawing the life of his hero on a desert island, Defoe created a poetic picture of man's struggle for survival, glorified free creative labor. It is labor and hard work of thought that help Robinson Crusoe to survive and preserve human qualities. According to the writer's firm conviction, labor is the basis for a positive transformation of the world and the spiritual elevation of man. The hero of the novel did not fall into despair, did not lose faith. Once in the wild conditions of the island, Robinson perceives everything that happened to him as a difficult life test, from which he must find a worthy way out. A thrifty and practical person, a diligent worker, he purposefully improves the conditions of his existence: he builds a hut, hunts, fishes, stocks food, finds a way to keep track of time and writes down all his thoughts in a diary. Armed with the labor skills and experience of his people, he successfully uses the equipment, tools and other valuables found on the wrecked ship.
The author deliberately puts his hero in an exceptional situation, transferring from the world of money to the world of work. Thus, he forces him to discover in himself those qualities that can fully manifest themselves in a universal creative, constructive activity free from mercenary calculations. It is no coincidence that Rousseau called Defoe's novel "the most successful treatise on natural education." The simple story of how Robinson built his hut, how he burned his first jug, how he grew bread and tamed goats, how he built and launched a boat, has continued to excite the imagination of readers for almost three centuries.
ages. And it will never lose its enormous educational value for children and youth.
To each of us, the writer Daniel Defoe is primarily known for his impressive and unusual work Robinson Crusoe. Children and adults around the world have been admiring the adventures of a man who, by the will of fate, ended up on a desert island for more than two centuries. This novel is passed down from generation to generation and both schoolchildren and their parents read it with pleasure.
Why is the main character so attractive to readers? popular novel named Robinson Crusoe and what do I personally like about him? First of all, he is a man of unbending will and tireless energy. He is a real optimist and a great worker who did not die, finding himself in such circumstances, and was able to long years live alone, providing yourself with everything you need and gradually conquering the wild. When Robinson was on the island, it seemed that the whole world was against him, almost no one knew about his existence, and almost no one was interested in what happened to him. lonely life on the island. But he did not give up for a minute, did not give up the struggle for his life, which consisted in confronting the formidable forces of nature. If for a moment he stopped in this struggle, perhaps the island would become his grave. And in any circumstances he remained a man, because only a man is able in such difficult conditions to master not only many professions, but also adapt to the laws of the surrounding world and subjugate the wild nature of the island. Robinson Crusoe was able to exert all his willpower, all his mind and remained a man even in such extreme conditions in which most of us could not survive.
I cannot but be attracted to Robinson by his perseverance in his work, his purposefulness and faith in his own salvation. Every day he woke up with the expectation of help, but this did not prevent him from doing his daily work. Having no tools, he built himself a dwelling, not even a dwelling, but a real fortress, and having no skills to work on the ground, he grew a crop of wheat from almost a few grains. Gradually, Robinson turned wild goats into pets and grew a real vine. Most of all, I liked the fact that Robinson Crusoe was very respectful of nature and from the first days of his stay on the island he tamed animals, planted trees and studied the world in which he found himself. Such an attitude to nature once again emphasizes that he was a real person who, in any circumstances, remains just a person and does not obey these circumstances.
Robinson never weakens his life on the island, every day is clearly planned for him - at the beginning he reads Holy Scriptures, then goes hunting, after which he sorts his supplies, prepares food, looks after livestock, and performs various household chores. And so every day, every week. It seems that one can go crazy from such monotony, but he does not lose heart and finds solace in communion with nature. Exactly surrounding nature, representatives of the animal world, whom Robinson Crusoe treated as his not very friendly neighbors, helped him to remain a man for many years and eventually wait for his salvation.
WHAT HELPED ROBINSON CRUSO. Can a person survive on a desert island and be left alone with wildlife? How to behave in such a situation? What to do? These questions are answered by the wonderful book of the eighteenth-century English writer D. Defoe, The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. Appearing in London in April 1719, it immediately won the hearts of readers.
The story of the life of a man who lived on a desert island for twenty-eight years leaves no one indifferent. Being alone far from civilization, without any hope for the future, not to succumb to fear, not to panic - only people with a strong and decisive character are capable of this.
What helped Robinson Crusoe to survive on a desert island? I think, first of all, his great will to live, diligence, desire to overcome circumstances at all costs. Step by step, the author tells in detail about the hero's struggle for life. From the moment when Crusoe realized that he was alone and there was no one to wait for help from, his struggle for survival began to read. Practical ingenuity and natural ingenuity suggest to him the need to deliver things from a wrecked ship. Everything that could be useful in one way or another on the farm was transported by Crusoe to the island, realizing that his confinement here could last a single year. Each, even the most insignificant fact - the manufacture of a table and a chair, the firing of pottery - is perceived as a new heroic step by Robinson in the struggle for the creation of human conditions of life. Day after day, tirelessly, Crusoe worked: he built a dwelling, sowed wheat, hunted animals, did not let despondency settle in his heart. He is a courageous man: from the first day he conquers fear, so natural in his position, and relies only on his mind and will. Fate was merciful to Robinson: all the tools, household equipment, food supplies brought by him from. ship, allowed him to subsequently establish a household and not die of hunger. Crusoe had to master the professions of a hunter, trapper, shepherd, farmer, builder, craftsman. You are amazed at the energy with which he takes on every task, performing it conscientiously and diligently. It is impossible not to admire the victories of the lonely Robinson, who forced nature to serve him and, with the help of the most primitive tools and devices, managed to create quite tolerable living conditions on a desert island.
Robinson Crusoe is a great organizer and host. He knows how to use chance and experience, knows how to calculate and foresee. Having taken up farming, he accurately calculates what crop he can get from the seeds of barley and rice sown by him, when and what part of the crop he can eat, put aside in reserve, sow. He examines the soil and climatic conditions and finds out where he should sow in the rainy season and where in the dry season.
And all this against the backdrop of complete loneliness, without any hope for the next changes in life. Where does Robinson Crusoe draw strength from, what helps him to live in such conditions? Working from morning to evening, Crusoe does not forget about his soul: he constantly turns to God in his thoughts, begins to keep a diary not in order to perpetuate his thoughts for edification
to people who find themselves in his position, but “just to put into words everything that tormented and tormented him, and by this at least somewhat relieve his soul.” The meeting with Friday brought variety to Robinson's life: it became possible to take care of someone, share his experience and knowledge: “Conversations with Friday filled all my free hours to such an extent and our friendship was so close that I did not notice how the last ones flew by. three years of my probation."
Courage, will, ingenuity, diligence and a great love of life helped Robinson Crusoe to go through all the trials, overcome circumstances, survive and at the same time preserve a person in himself.
Introduction
My family and I have been participating in the Successful Reading project for the fourth year already. We discuss the books we read together, I often consult with my mother about how best I can arrange creative work in the reader's briefcase, drawing for the exhibition, with dad, telling each other interesting events that happened to the main characters of the work, we recall our favorite heroes. Thanks to the project, I got to know different authors and their works, discovered unknown, mysterious and extraordinary interesting worlds, in which heroes live, perform feats, come to the aid of friends and complete strangers. For example, I would like to be friends with Tom and trust him with my innermost secrets, with Timur and his team to help those in need, and from Robinson I would like to learn courage, perseverance and hard work, the ability not to get lost in a difficult situation, to be a real man. After reading D. Defoe's book about the travels and adventures of the navigator Robinson Crusoe, I learned about the limitless possibilities of man, his courage and fortitude in exceptional conditions. Main character novel - Robinson Crusoe, who ended up on a desert island in the West Indies as a result of a shipwreck and managed to live on it for 28 years, first all alone, and then with the savage Friday, master the island and start a household on it, which had everything necessary for life . In the most difficult life situation the hero was able to find a way out and save his life. In life, we also have difficulties, we must be prepared for them and know how to behave in a given situation. Therefore, the study of the texts of this work is relevant and interesting for me and for boys like me who dream of traveling.
Purpose: to explore what human qualities help a person to survive on a desert island, using the example of Robinson Crusoe, the protagonist of D. Defoe's novel. Tasks: - to analyze the life story of a Scottish sailor and Robinson Crusoe on the island, using the read text; - highlight the basic rules for the survival of a person on a desert island; - conduct a survey among students of grade 4A, process materials. Object: the text of the work by D. Defoe "The Life and Amazing Adventures of the Sailor Robinson Crusoe". Subject: rules for survival on a desert island. Hypothesis: having studied the ways of surviving on a desert island using the example of Robinson Crusoe, it will be possible to use some tricks in life.
About writer Daniel Defoe
"Wasting no time and sparing no effort" D. Defoe Born in London on April 26, 1660 in the family of a merchant James Fo, lived a stormy life full of adventures. An English writer and publicist, Defoe is considered one of the first founders of the English novel, he wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets and magazines in different topics(politics, economics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, supernatural, etc.). For some time he traded in Spain, traveled a lot Western Europe. It is known that on the way between Harwich and Holland, he was captured by Algerian pirates, but he was soon ransomed. One novel made him world famous and glorified him through the ages. The full title of this novel is: "The life and extraordinary amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for twenty-eight years in complete solitude on a desert island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the great Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew died , excluding him alone, with an account of his unexpected release by pirates, written by himself. After the huge success of the novel, Defoe in the same 1719 published a sequel: "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, which constitute the second and last part of his life and cover his travels in three parts of the world, written by himself." But the most popular was forever the first volume of "Robinson".
Sailor from Largo (prototype of Robinson Crusoe)
Robinson Crusoe is not fiction. The book is based on fact. The island of Mas a Tierra (Republic of Chile) is the famous island of Robinson Crusoe. The climate of this island is quite mild, a dense forest grows in the mountainous part of the island, below the ground is covered with palm groves and fern thickets. It was on this island that the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk lived all alone for 5 years. He was born in 1678 in the small Scottish village of Largo, in the family of a poor shoemaker. When the young man was 19 years old, he went to work as a sailor in the English navy. He sailed a lot on the seas and oceans, took part in naval battles. One day, a quarrel arises between the captain and Selkirk, as a result of which the captain orders his assistant to land on the island, leaving him a gun, gunpowder, bullets, an ax, a spyglass, a blanket and tobacco. At first, Selkirk was overcome with despair. But, having overpowered himself, Alexander built himself a dwelling and went inland in search of food. vegetable and animal world The island was varied and rich. Alexander Selkirk started fishing, hunted sea turtles, tamed wild goats and wild cats who were on the island. As in the Stone Age, he produced fire by friction, made clothes from the skin of goats, using a nail instead of a needle. In addition, Selkirk made himself a calendar. So he lived for five years on a deserted island until an English warship found a Scottish sailor. The sailors saw an overgrown man with long hair and a beard. At first, Alexander could only utter inarticulate sounds, and only after a few weeks, having come to his senses, was able to tell his story. Later it turned out that the ship, the captain of which left him on a deserted island, got into a storm and almost the entire crew died.
The fight for the life of Robinson Crusoe on a desert island
Robinson Crusoe himself was a sailor. He traveled a lot around the world. He had all sorts of adventures. But one day the ship on which he sailed crashed during strong storm. The entire crew died, and Robinson was left on a desert island all alone. Despite the seemingly hopeless situation, he does not lose heart, but on the contrary, he tries to improve his life on the island. Telling the story of his stay on the island, Crusoe tells in detail how his life settled down: what things and main tools he managed to save from the wrecked ship, how he set up a canvas tent for himself and how he surrounded his dwelling with a palisade, turning it into impregnable a fortress that reliably protects it from predators and possible enemies; how he hunted wild goats and decided to tame them, built a corral for them, learned how to milk them and make butter and cheese; how a few grains of barley and rice were discovered, and how laborious it was to dig a field with a wooden shovel and sow it with these grains; how they had to protect their crops from goats and birds; how he learned to make pottery and fire it; how he made his own clothes from goatskins, how he dried and stored wild grapes, and so on. In an effort to provide himself with everything necessary for life, Robinson works tirelessly, mastering new crafts. "Wasting no time and sparing no effort" - said by the way, these words become the motto of Robinson's existence. A lot of interesting things happened on the island with the main character. He was in danger, disappointment, but the main thing that helped him survive was his determination, perseverance, resourcefulness, hard work and great willpower. These traits of his character are deeply respected. Robinson's life on the island can serve as a vivid example of man's struggle for existence in exceptional conditions. The example of Robinson Crusoe shows that a strong-willed, purposeful person will be able to cope with any trouble and emerge victorious from any situation, even if it seems difficult and unexpected.
Rules for survival on a desert island (practical part)
So, you are on a deserted island. You have a chance to try to survive. What needs to be done in this situation? The plan might be something like this: 1. Stay calm, don't panic; 2. See what necessary items or weapons are available, whether there is drinking water; 3. Explore the island, you need to know if there is a source of fresh water on it; 4. Light a fire, so you can warm up (if it's cold), dry things, and you can also attract the attention of other ships; 5. In addition to the fire, use stones or other things to build something similar to SOS, showing that you need help; 6. Find food, in extreme cases, you can hunt shallow fish, eat bugs; 7. Build tools and weapons, a knife is the best thing that can be in such situations; 8. Build a shelter from the rain (it can be very strong in the tropics), from the sun, from the storm; 9. More about water - it is necessary to boil it, because it is not known where it flows from, it is also possible to build a rainwater collection using improvised materials; 10. Never give up and keep fighting for your life! Some practical advice - Do not drink sea water! It won't help you, it will make it worse. - Collect enough dry firewood during the day so that you can keep warm at night and scare wild animals away from your hut. - If you are lucky enough to have a knife, take care of it, now it is your greatest treasure. If you're so unlucky, make one with the materials you have on hand. - And the most important thing! Never give up, now you are the master of your own destiny and your life is only in your hands!
Student survey results
According to a survey among students of grade 4 A to the question: - Would you like to be on a desert island for a few days? The respondents' opinion was distributed as follows: - Yes - 15 people. - No - 7 people. - 10 most necessary items that you would take with you to a desert island: 1 provisions (food) - 22 people; Book 2 - 15 people; 3 clothes - 13 people; 4 guns - 9 people; 5 matches, knife, water - 8 people; 6 fishing rod - 7 people; 7 ax, telephone, first aid kit - 6 people; 8 gunpowder - 5 people; 9 compass, paper - 4 people; 10 shovel, rope, boat, animal, flashlight, nails - 3 people. - First of all, 15 people will explore the island, 5 people will search for food, 2 people will build a shelter. - According to the majority of respondents, in order to survive on the island, knowledge of the surrounding world will be useful.
Conclusion
An irresistible desire to know the world led the protagonist of the novel to a desert island, which became his haven for many years. Fate did not turn away from Robinson, he survived no matter what. But the main thing that helped Robinson to stay alive and endure all the hardships of loneliness is a thirst for life and hard work. He never left the faith that someday a ship would land on his island and take him home. A survey among my classmates showed that many would like to visit a desert island and become Robinson Crusoe for a few days, try their hand and apply the knowledge gained at school and from the books they read in practice. The example of Robinson Crusoe showed that only getting into extreme conditions a person can discover in himself previously unknown forces and knowledge.
Bibliography
1. D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe" [Text]: per. from English. – M.: Daguchpedgiz, 1981. 2. Encikl. For Wednesdays school age. - Minsk: Harvest, 2006. 3. Malov, V. Famous sailors - M .: Onyx, 2008. 4. Geography Children's encyclopedia - M .: ROSMEN, 2008. 5. Lebina, N. (Doctor of Historical Sciences) . XX century dictionary of everyday life. Motherland. - 2006. - No. 3. - S. 90-93. 6. Literature abroad. Science and life. - 2008. - No. 8. - S. 54-57. 7. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 8. http://robinzon-kruzo.ucoz.ua/index/my_robinzony/0-5 9. http://www.activ43.ru/archives/4867
Dictionary
Daniel Defoe - (Eng. Daniel Defoe), born April 24, 1731, London - English writer and publicist, known mainly as the author of Robinson Crusoe.
Alexander Selkirk is a Scottish sailor who spent 5 years (in 1704-1709) on the uninhabited island of Mas a Tierra (now Robinson Crusoe), which is part of the Juan Fernandez archipelago, located in pacific ocean, 640 kilometers off the coast of Chile. He served as the prototype for the literary hero of the novel Daniel Defoe-Robinson Crusoe.
West Indies ("Western India") - the traditional historical name of the islands of the Caribbean Sea, including the Caribbean Islands of the Bahamas and the islands in the adjacent waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.
Desert island - an island without a permanent population. Most of all the islands on Earth are uninhabited.
SOS (SOS) is an international distress signal in radiotelegraphy (using Morse code) communications. Later, SOS was deciphered as save our souls or save our ship, which means "save our souls" or "save our ship."
Sailor - rank, junior military rank V navy Armed Forces (AF), corresponding to the rank of private.
Canvas - heavy dense hemp, linen fabric. The canvas has high strength, repels moisture, does not deteriorate from sea water. The importance of canvas has increased since the 15th century, with the advent of large fleets and the opening of sea routes to India and America.
Palisade - a wall of a series of pillars several meters high, vertically dug into the ground close or at a short distance and interconnected for strength by one or two horizontal bars.
