Alexey Arkadyevich Stolypin(1816-1858) - son of Senator A.A. Stolypin and grandson of great-grandfather M.Yu. Lermontov on the paternal side. He was a cousin of the poet, although he was two years younger than him. Aleksey Arkadievich bore the nickname "Mongo", given to him by Lermontov impromptu when the latter accidentally saw a book about the adventures of the Scottish traveler Mongo Park on Alexei's desk.

The close friendship of the relatives began with Lermontov's move with his grandmother from Moscow to St. Petersburg in the summer of 1832. E.A. Arsenyeva, Lermontov's grandmother, treated Alexei with love and often asked him to be near her grandson and cool his hot temper.

Alexei and Mikhail studied together at the School of Guards Ensigns, although my uncle entered the school a year earlier (1833) and accordingly graduated from the School (1835) a year later than his nephew. After school, they were both enrolled in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment in Tsarskoe Selo, where they served together and spent their free time, as Lermontov's poem "Mongo", written in 1836, tells.

In 1837, Stolypin, on his own initiative, followed Lermontov to the Caucasus and was transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, in which his friend and relative served.

In 1838-1839, both of them again serve in Tsarskoye Selo in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, live together in an apartment where many officers of the regiment constantly gather.

In 1839, Alexei retired, but in connection with the duel between Lermontov and Barant, in which Stolypin was a second, he had to return to military service on the urgent advice of Nicholas I. Stolypin again goes after his relative to the Caucasus in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment.

During the years of his second exile, the poet served in the Tenginsky infantry regiment in the northern Caucasus. Aleksey, on the other hand, achieved admission to the detachment of General Galafeev, who operated here. And friends were together again. Being participants in the bloody battles of the summer and autumn of 1840, they, as distinguished in them, almost simultaneously received a vacation for two months and went to St. Petersburg, and at the end of the vacation, back to the Caucasus.

At the second duel of Lermontov mongo again he was his second, but like Trubetskoy, he did not have time to get to the place of the duel that began early, from which, no matter how hard he tried, he could not dissuade his friend.

After the poet's death, Stolypin retired. In 1843, while in France, he published his translation of A Hero of Our Time.

In the years Crimean War Having left to fight as a volunteer, Alexey participates in the defense of Sevastopol and for military distinction receives a golden weapon and the rank of major.

In 1858, in Florence, at the forty-second year of his life, Alexei Arkadyevich died of consumption.

July 27, 2011 marks 170 years since the tragic day when Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was killed. For Penza residents, this is a special date, since Tarkhany is located in our province, family estate grandmother of the poet, in which he spent his childhood. Nikolchan also have the right to be proud of their closeness to the author of "Mtsyri" and "A Hero of Our Time" - through the village of Stolypino, the patrimony of a glorious family that gave Russia many great and not so great names.

Duel
The death duel between Lermontov and Martynov, in which Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin-Mongo became the second, was very strange. At least, analyzing the documents, you come to the conclusion that none of those participating in it believed in its possibility. It seemed to everyone that everything would turn into a joke and end with a friendly feast.
Even the place of the duel was chosen not quite according to the rules: the ground turned out to be uneven, and Lermontov stood above Martynov. On a signal, the opponents began to converge. The maximum distance - 10 steps - made it possible to shoot almost point-blank. Lermontov walked slowly, without raising his pistol. Martynov was gloomy. Some of the seconds counted: "One ... Two ..." Before the count of "three" they should have fired. Lermontov approached the barrier. Someone (Stolypin?) shouted nervously after the word "Three!" when, according to the rules, the incident was considered settled: "Shoot, or I will scout you!"
Lermontov raised his hand with a pistol and fired into the air. From the recoil, he leaned back. Martynov took one or two steps towards him, took aim and hit the enemy on the spot. Convinced that he was dead, Martynov immediately left. The shocked seconds, including Mongo, only now realized that they had committed stupidity (not to mention the violation of the dueling code), they had not taken care of the doctor and the carriage.

The hero of the poem
Alexey Arkadyevich Stolypin-Mongo (1816-1858) - cousin and friend of M.Yu. Lermontov. Mongo is the son of Arkady Alekseevich Stolypin, privy councilor, senator, one of the most famous in the family that gave Russia the great reformer P.A. Stolypin, in whose honor the village of Mezhdurechye was renamed in the Nikolsky district.
Mongo was the grandson of the famous admiral Nikolai Semenovich Mordvinov, who, for his independence of opinion, for his straightforwardness, was called the “Russian Cato”. Arkady Alekseevich Stolypin, brother of Lermontov's grandmother E.A. Arsenyeva, was married to Mordvinov's daughter. Stolypin died in 1825, before the uprising. His wife, Mongo's mother, Vera Nikolaevna Stolypina, died in 1834, leaving five children in her parents' arms. All five, according to contemporaries, were distinguished by outstanding beauty.
Starting from the cadet school, Alexey Arkadyevich and Lermontov were almost always nearby. Both, after graduating from school, served for several years in the same Life Guards Hussar Regiment, living in the same apartment and visiting the highest St. Petersburg society. Together they participated in the Galafeev expedition of 1840 in Chechnya and lived together in Pyatigorsk for the last months before the duel, in which Stolypin was the poet's second.
About his friend, Lermontov wrote the poem "Mongo" (1836), which describes the trip of Lermontov and Stolypin to the ballerina E. E. Pimenova to the dacha, located on Peterhof road, Near The Red Zucchini.
The plot is simple: as soon as the rake got to the desired beauty,
...the most fiery passage
An ominous knock interrupts
The crew that flew into the yard:
Nine-seat stroller
And there are fifteen riders in it ...
Alas! sad ending,
The irresistible wrath of the gods!
It was N. N. with his retinue...
Unsuccessful lovers are left with one thing:
Cross yourself, jump out the window ...
A daring feat is dangerous,
And don't cut off their heads!
But suddenly the military spirit woke up -
Jump, jump! .. and they were like that ...
Mongo is the nickname of Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin, which, according to the memoirs of a contemporary, was given to Stolypin from the nickname of a dog that belonged to him. This dog constantly ran to the parade ground in Tsarskoye Selo, where the hussar training took place, barked, grabbed the horse of the regimental commander Khomutov by the tail, and sometimes even contributed to the fact that he soon finished the training, which was boring for young people.

Characteristics
We find the most controversial opinions about Mongo in memoirs. Some of them were cute, others weren't. “He was,” writes his distant relative M. N. Longinov, “a perfect handsome man; his beauty, masculine and at the same time distinguished by some kind of tenderness, would have been called by the French “proverbiale”. He was equally good in a dashing hussar mentik, and under the lambskin shako of the Nizhny Novgorod dragoon, and, finally, in the attire of a modern lion, which he was quite, but in the very best value this word. The amazing beauty of the outer shell was worthy of his soul and heart. To name Mongo-Stolypin means for the people of our time the same thing as expressing the concept of embodied honor, a model of nobility, boundless kindness, generosity and selfless readiness for service in word and deed.
We are interested in the playful characterization given to him by M. Yu. Lermontov in the poem:
Mongo - rake and cornet,
Actresses insidious admirer,
I was young at heart and soul
Carelessly believed in women's caresses
And your long arshin
Measured human honor and conscience.
Breeds of English he was -
Phlegmatic with a brown mustache,
He loved dogs and porter,
He was not engaged in ranks,
Went unwashed all day
He wore his cap on one side...
But if, baby, you were driving
Watch our Russian ballet,
That's right in the chairs noticed
His attentive lorgnette.

From the guards
If Lermontov left us lines dedicated to his friend, then - the paradox of history - Mongo wrote almost nothing about the poet. This is all the more unexpected, given the fact that they were not only together almost all their lives and experienced very positive emotions for each other, but also the fact that Mongo was Lermontov's second in all his duels. Even about the death of a friend, Mongo wrote practically nothing.
Alexey Arkadyevich was, apparently, quite a "hero of his time" - a high-society dandy, a bored loafer, a talented person, but who did not find any use for his talents. With all the excellent inclinations of character, wit and excellent natural abilities, he can by no means be called a representative of the advanced circles of Russian society, and he undoubtedly belongs to that inactive generation, about which M. Yu. Lermontov speaks with such sadness in the poem “Duma”.
However, L. N. Tolstoy found him "a nice interesting fellow." Of course, he was also an excellent companion for Lermontov, especially in the first, rather turbulent years of their joint hussar life.
“From Alexei Arkadyevich,” M. Yu. Lermontov wrote to his grandmother from Pyatigorsk on July 18, 1837, “I received news; he is healthy, and some officers who came here from there told me that he can be considered the best officer of the guards sent to the Caucasus. This message of Lermontov is fully confirmed by the excellent opinion of the military authorities about Stolypin's military service. In the attestation list of Stolypin, in the column "what behavior" is marked "excellent"; in the column "how he showed himself in military operations" it is written: "he has a good mind in military affairs." From other documents of the same archival fund it can be seen that with honors Stolypin also conducted the Galafeev expedition of 1840, receiving for it a high award for that time - the Order of Vladimir 4th degree with a bow.
The brilliant participation of Mongo in the Sevastopol campaign is evidenced by a letter from his brother Dmitry Arkadyevich to his sister Vyazemskaya dated July 10, 1855, from which it is clear that he received a golden weapon and the rank of major for military distinction.

Last years
After participating in the Crimean campaign, Mongo began to fall ill. When he showed the first signs of consumption, he met with the resistance of Nicholas I, who did not allow him to travel abroad for treatment and supposedly put a resolution on his petition: "Never, nowhere." Consent was obtained only thanks to the support of the life physician Mandt.
In Paris, Mongo translated into French and published the novel A Hero of Our Time. He seemed to be atoning for his friend's participation in the duel to the death. Perhaps he was tormented by remorse.
He died in Florence. Some information about Stolypin's death in Florence in 1858 was found in a letter from his brother Dmitry Arkadyevich to his sister Vyazemskaya dated October 26, 1858 from Baden: “We found out about Alexei's illness too late. If anything can serve as a consolation, this is the fact that Alexei was surrounded by the cares of all the persons who were close to him. His loss was felt even by persons who knew him little, he was so loved and respected. He took communion and showed much patience and courage throughout his illness.”
Mongo was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg, where all the Stolypins found their rest.

A. A. Stolypin (Mongo)

Alexey Arkadyevich Stolypin-Mongo (1816-1858) - cousin and friend of M. Yu. Lermontov. Starting from the cadet school, they were almost always nearby. Both, after graduating from school, served for several years in the same Life Guards Hussar Regiment, living in the same apartment and visiting the highest St. Petersburg society. Together they participated in the Galafeev expedition of 1840 in Chechnya and lived together in Pyatigorsk for the last months before the duel, in which Stolypin was the poet's second. What a valuable contribution Mongo could make to materials about the life and work of M. Yu. Lermontov! But, to extreme surprise and regret, we do not yet know a single, even the most insignificant, of his review of the poet. In order to be able to explain such incomprehensible restraint of A. A. Stolypin and in general to get a clearer picture of him, one will have to draw on not only printed sources, but also some as yet unknown archival materials.

Almost all of Mongo's contemporaries draw him as an outstanding person not only in beauty, but also in inner virtues.

“He was,” writes his distant relative M. N. Longinov, “a perfect handsome man; his beauty, courageous and at the same time distinguished by some kind of tenderness, would have been called by the French "proverbiale" .. He was equally good in a dashing hussar mentik, and under the lambskin shako of a Nizhny Novgorod dragoon, and, finally, in the attire of a modern lion, which was quite, but in the best sense of the word. The amazing beauty of the outer shell was worthy of his soul and heart. To name Mongo-Stolypin means for the people of our time the same thing as expressing the concept of embodied honor, a model of nobility, boundless kindness, generosity and selfless readiness for service in word and deed.

“The excellent courage of this man,” P. A. Viskovaty tells about him, “was beyond all suspicion. And so great was the respect for this courage and impeccable nobility of Stolypin that when he once refused the duel to which he was called, no one in the officer circle dared to say a reproachful word and this refusal, without any explanatory remarks, was accepted and respected, which, of course, could not be the case in relation to the Other person: such was the reputation of this person. He entered the military several times and retired again. Upon the death of Lermontov, to whom he closed his eyes, Stolypin soon retired (1842) and re-enlisted in the Crimean campaign in the Belarusian hussar regiment, fought bravely near Sevastopol, and at the end of the war he retired and then died in 1856 in Florence.

From childhood, Stolypin and Lermontov had a close friendship that remained unbroken until the death of the poet. We do not know whether Mongo fully understood the significance of his relative as a poet, but he had an interest in his literary pursuits, which is clear from what he translated into French"Hero of our time" Lermontov nowhere touches this aspect of his relationship with Mongo in his works. He speaks of him only about the “hussar trick”, the heroes of which were both of them, but Stolypin, who closely knew the soul of a famous relative, according to his brother Dmitry Arkadyevich, “always defended Mikhail Yuryevich from all attacks of numerous enemies and people who were little disposed to him. In two fatal duels, Stolypin was Lermontov's second, which, with Stolypin's impeccable reputation, did a lot to protect the poet from malevolent slanders against him. Twice he accompanied him to the Caucasus, as if guarding the hot, addictive nature of Mikhail Yuryevich from tricks that were dangerous in his position.

In another place about coming from the prince. P. P. Vyazemsky rumors about some misunderstanding between the poet and Mongo P. A. Viskovaty notes:

“Great society gossips really tried more than once to spread rumors about Stolypin's unfriendly relationship with the poet. They said that Lermontov bored him with his obsession, that he bored Stolypin with his eternal persecution; “he clung to the lion of the living rooms and on his tail penetrates into the highest circle” - in a word, what was expressed by gr. Sollogub in his story "Big Light". Probably, the then young Prince Vyazemsky was misled by these rumors. Absolutely nothing gives the right to think that anything would violate Mongo-Stolypin's impeccably friendly relations with the poet.

Of undoubted interest is the report of Prince Vasilchikov, cited by Viskovaty, about Stolypin's participation in the fatal duel.

This is how Viskovaty recorded his conversation: “Well, what about Stolypin?” I asked. “After all, this man was older and more experienced and knew the rules of a duel?” Enough simplicity for every sage! At each unfortunate event, you are perplexed later and think how this or that was missed, how you overlooked it, how you allowed it, etc. However, Stolypin looked at the matter more seriously than anyone and warned Lermontov; but for the most part he was under the influence of Mikhail Yuryevich and, with a somewhat indolent character, was completely amenable to his influence.

From the words of the same Vasilchikov, we know that during the last preparations for the duel, Stolypin took measures to avoid its dire consequences. He moved the barrier a little and threatened to separate the opponents when he noticed that Martynov took too long to aim. Although Vasilchikov's testimony about the duel cannot be considered absolutely reliable, nevertheless, regarding Stolypin's participation in it, he had no reason to evade the truth.

Having received some idea of ​​Mongo from the above reviews of his contemporaries, let us now turn to the playful characterization given to him by M. Yu. Lermontov in the poem of the same name. She deserves special attention:

From the poem, you can learn a lot about Mongo, which is not in the above memoirs and messages: about his carelessness and gullibility, about his phlegmatic character with a penchant for laziness and the absence of any desire for careerism. It should also be noted Mongo's disregard for the so-called "shagistics".

Almost all the materials cited about Mongo are used to one degree or another in a very interesting article by M. G. Ashukina-Zenger. Her work also uses sources that have not yet been in literary circulation, which made it possible to somewhat expand the understanding of Mongo and draw some conclusions about his political views.

The main conclusions of the author of the article boil down to the following: Lermontov's friendship with Stolypin can be considered undoubted. Stolypin was characterized by traits of inner nobility and a heightened sense of honor. characteristic features Stolypin were also: the secular ideal of the century - dandyism and extraordinary restraint, confirmed by the diary entries of L. N. Tolstoy, who met with Mongo for two years. Stolypin paid tribute to the cult of Decembrism, as family traditions and the general mood of his peers favored this. He possessed much more knowledge than he could take out of the Junker school. He demonstrated his interest in literature by translating - the first into French - "A Hero of Our Time". And, finally, the most important thing: Stolypin's choice of the printed organ "Democratie pacifique" for his translation was not accidental. The newspaper was published by the most prominent of Fourier's disciples, Victor Consideran, and Ashukina-Zenger notes on this occasion: “Alexei Stolypin arrived in Paris, undoubtedly prepared to receive the sermon “Democratie pacifique”. The Fourierist sentiments of the Lermontov circle are well known.

“So, it should not come as a surprise to us that Stolypin placed the translation of A Hero of Our Time in the organ of Fourierism, and this fact of his biography gives us the right to see in Lermontov’s friend a representative of the advanced circles of Russian society.”

As tempting as the author's conclusions about Mongo's political views are, we will see that they are largely not supported by new material. Let's consider them. It will be about official documents about the stay of A. A. Stolypin in the Caucasus, about the letters of Mongo himself and letters to him from his uncle Afanasy Alekseevich Stolypin, and, finally, about the reviews of his close relatives about him.

All these documents are in the funds of the Central State Literary Archive, handwritten funds of the State Library. V. I. Lenin and two Caucasian archives.

Despite the fact that some of the letters of A. A. Stolypin refer to the last years of Lermontov's life, we do not find any mention of the poet in them. And this attracts attention, especially since one of Mongo's letters to his sister Marya Arkadyevna Beck was written on September 20, 1840 from Pyatigorsk, where the poet was at that time. At least, a letter from Mikhail Yuryevich from there to A. A. Lopukhin dated September 12 is known. It would seem that, informing his sister about his pastime, Stolypin could say a few words about his friend. In the following December letter of 1840 from Tiflis, not a word was said about the poet, although Mongo tells in some detail about his companions in the apartment: G. G. Gagarin, A. I. Vasilchikov and N. A. Gervais. There are no reports about M. Yu. Lermontov and in two more letters from Mongo to the same Marya Arkadyevna dated November 9 (probably 1840) from the Grozny fortress on the eve of the expedition, and April 1, 1841 from Moscow

All this leads to the assumption that in 1840, when Mongo’s participation as a second in the duel between Lermontov and Barant, with its unpleasant consequences for Stolypin, was still fresh in Mongo’s memory, his attitude towards his friend was colder than usual, and information about the quarrel between friends at that time, contrary to the opinion of Viskovaty, had some basis.

When the story happened with a new duel, the culprit of which Mongo, not knowing its underlying reason, considered Lermontov himself, and especially after its terrible outcome caused so much trouble and anxiety to all the witnesses of the duel, one can think that Stolypin cooled even more towards his deceased friend. This alone can explain his lack of desire to say anything about Lermontov.

In a letter from Paris, about which more will be said later, Stolypin, reporting on his translation of A Hero of Our Time into French, not only does not express a single word of regret about dead poet but calls it work of genius simply "Lermontov's novel", as if the name meant nothing to him.

The fact that Stolypin considered the poet to be the culprit of the duel can already be understood from the fact that in his well-known note to Martynov, who was imprisoned, Mongo, with his sensitivity in matters of honor, found it possible to give good advice to the murderer.

Acquaintance with the letters of 1840 makes one involuntarily recall the playful characterization given to Mongo by M. Yu. Lermontov in 1836 in the poem of the same name. Stolypin's indifferent attitude to the service can be seen in his letter from Pyatigorsk dated September 20, 1840. To the question of the sister's husband what he expects to do next, Mongo replies with his usual nonchalance:

“This is a question that would make it difficult for anyone else, but not me. So, you can tell him that I don’t know anything, that until now I don’t get bored very much, I don’t feel hungry and cold at all, I don’t want to worry about the future, and because it’s not quite pink. I see no reason to spoil my blood and acquire spleen.

In a letter to his sister in French dated December 10 of the same year, he already speaks of his stay in the most carefree mood in Tiflis in company with G. G. Gagarin, A. I. Vasilchikov and N. A. Gervais: “... I I will draw you, - he writes, - a picture of pastime here: at 10 o'clock I get up, we drink coffee - Gagarin, Vasilchikov, Gervais and I, then we sing all the familiar arias, then we part - everyone goes to work: Gagarin draws, Vasilchikov reads, Gervais indulges in reflection on his affections, I personally do nothing, but by the way, I smoke, lying on Persian carpets. At one in the afternoon, a light breakfast, then everyone goes for a walk, makes visits. By five they return, have lunch and then go to the Turkish baths to give themselves a massage. After that, they drink tea and lie down. With the exception of holidays, you don’t have to think about anything all day long. Then they indulge in sleep, then wake up to resume all over again.

“This is how they live,” he says further, “all fattened animals. After that, think whatever you like about our life, but whatever you say, I will not change it for any other at this time. “At the same time,” continues Mongo, “we have here such beauties that cannot be found in St. Petersburg: the little princess Argutinskaya has such lips that I would like to kiss again and again all my life. Maiko and Kato Orbeliani are two delicate pearls from the Tiflis necklace and a host of others that I did not notice after I saw these three women. The end of the letter is written in the same spirit: “Farewell, dear, we are going to dinner soon, and besides, I am dying of fatigue after writing you such a long letter. My greetings to you, A. Stolypin.”

This letter, which convincingly confirms the characterization of Mongo in M. Yu. Lermontov's poem, makes it unlikely that Stolypin had a cult of Decembrists. At least during this period, there is not the slightest hint of such sentiments in the letters. It is difficult to suspect the author of the letter of insincerity. We now know that his whole life was spent in such hobbies, in which he hardly had time to occupy himself with political questions, even in the so-called "circle of sixteen."

It must be said that this empty life, apparently, corresponded to his tastes and completely satisfied him. This can be confirmed by the correspondence of the Stolypin sisters. In a letter dated March 4, 1844, one of them reported:

“Aleksey looks pleased with his fate, because he even once said: “In essence, what am I missing?” I told him that I was looking forward to the day when he completely changed his way of life. He smiled." M. G. Ashukina-Zenger attaches particular importance to the publication of the translation of “A Hero of Our Time” in the “Democratie pacifique”, which, in her opinion, indicates Mongo’s readiness to accept the preaching of Fourierism.

We have at our disposal a letter from Mongo from Paris to his sister Maria Arkadyevna, already partially used above, dating back to the time preceding the publication of the novel. Unfortunately, among Mongo's other difficult-to-understand letters, it is particularly illegible. Here is a letter dated April 13, apparently, 1843, with difficulty sorted out, with omissions, since the publication of the translation appeared in the autumn of the same year. Beginning with a request to help out of financial difficulties by sending 2,000 rubles, he goes on to say:

“I'm sorry to disturb you and your husband's father with this, but I will try to return them to you as soon as the first time, or rather [say] as carefully, and I hope that this will be in a month. The point is, dearest, that sooner than a month from now, I I embark on a literary career (do not tell anyone about this, or better not write about it to St. Petersburg, because letters are read), and to begin with, I translated part of Lermontov's novel and want to print it. I don't know if I'll succeed, out of pride I ask you not to talk about it. Tomorrow or the day after tomorrow I must have a talk with a writer who, I hope, will correct my first experience, in any case in two weeks I will let you know what I plan to do ... Farewell, dear, I count on your money as on stone mountain.

As was to be expected, in spite of Stolypin's characteristic laziness, not only two weeks later, but even at all, apparently, he did not report anything about his future plans. In any case, there was no such letter in the file. What conclusion can be drawn from the cited Paris letter?

Firstly, this unexpected translation of "A Hero of Our Time" is explained not by literary interests, but by Mongo-Stolypin's cramped financial situation, in which for some reason he ended up in Paris. At least, such an idea is suggested by the passage from Mongo’s letter, where he, promising to return the borrowed money in a month, explains: “The fact is, my dear, that earlier than a month later I embark on a literary career ...” Clearly that he was going to repay the debt from the future fee. It remains to be seen why Mongo decided to place his translation in the Fourierist organ.

Experiencing financial difficulties and not having any fame in literary world, he could hardly choose at his discretion the journal for publishing the translation and, most likely, he took advantage of the accidental assistance in this respect of the writer to whom he wanted to entrust the correction of his "first experience". In any case, there is not the slightest basis for far-reaching conclusions in this letter from Stolypin. One can rather assume that if he had not had to visit Paris in 1843 and win a little there, we would not have seen his translation of Lermontov's novel in the "Democratic pacifique".

Not considering it possible to dwell in detail on Stolypin's correspondence, we will draw from it only some conclusions that supplement the above information about him.

First of all, one cannot fail to say a few words about the lively, funny style of most of his letters. They have a lot of wit without pretense of learning. Not without reason, having got to know each other better, L. N. Tolstoy found him "a nice interesting fellow." Of course, he was also an excellent companion for Lermontov, especially in the first, rather turbulent years of their joint hussar life.

About these years, in a letter dated November 20, 1848, to the second husband of his sister Maria Arkadyevna, Prince P.P. Vyazemsky, A.A. Stolypin, expressing his admiration for becoming his relative, wrote: “I would not have such an opinion for ten years ago, when we were both very young and very reckless."

Another letter from Stolypin, dated June 28, 1853, speaks of his cordiality. It was written to the son-in-law, Prince D.F. Golitsyn on the occasion of the death of Mongo's sister and expresses the most sincere grief over this loss and warm sympathy for the prince. We know, moreover, that this sympathy was not only in words. Mongo made a long trip, escorting the body of his sister to the place of eternal rest in the family estate.

In some of Stolypin's letters from the late forties, one can get acquainted with his economic activities on the estate and his interests of that time. In this regard, Stolypin showed incredible carelessness. Suffice it to say that his uncle Afanasy Alekseevich, who took care of him, had to lose more than a year before he received from his nephew the documents necessary for him to take possession of the estate. During this period, Mongo was only interested in horse breeding and racing, and this new hobby seems to have replaced or at least overshadowed his former interest in dogs.

“I am heartily glad, dear friend,” my uncle wrote to him on November 5, 1851, from his estate, “that you have found a stud farm in order. I, according to your promise, expected you here to me in the month of October, believing that you would pass from Bratovshchina to Pushkino, and from there turn to me. Your arrival in Pushkino would be very useful: a distillery is being set up there, and Vasily Afanasyevich is still sick with a fever and cannot go there. As you can see, having paid all his attention to the stud farm, Mongo not only missed the opportunity to visit his estate, but even broke his promise to his uncle to call on him.

This carelessness of Mongo gave Afanasy Alekseevich a lot of grief. In a letter to his niece Anna Grigoryevna Filosofova dated October 29, 1845, he wrote:

“Forgive me, dear friend, that I made this my commission difficult for you, but not knowing where Alexei Grigorievich was and where Alexei Arkadievich was staggering, I decided to address you as a neat person ...”

If the above excerpts testify to the insufficient abilities of A. A. Stolypin in economic affairs, or, rather, to the absence of any interest in them, then in military affairs he was always at the height of the situation, although in itself military career, as we have seen, he was also of little interest.

“From Alexei Arkadyevich,” M. Yu. Lermontov wrote to his grandmother from Pyatigorsk on July 18, 1837, “I received news; he is healthy, and some officers who came here from there told me that he can be considered the best officer of the guards sent to the Caucasus "...

This message of Lermontov is fully confirmed by the excellent review of the military authorities about Stolypin's military service in 1837. In the attestation list of Stolypin, in the column "what behavior" is marked "excellent"; in the column "how he showed himself in military operations" it is written: "he has a good mind in military affairs." From other documents of the same archival fund, it can be seen that Stolypin also conducted the Galafeev expedition of 1840 with honors, receiving for it a high award for that time - the Order of Vladimir 4th degree with a bow.

The brilliant participation of Mongo in the Sevastopol campaign is evidenced by a letter from his brother Dmitry Arkadyevich to his sister Vyazemskaya dated July 10, 1855, from which it is clear that he received a golden weapon and the rank of major for military distinction. During this period, the health of A. A. Stolypin was already greatly shaken

“After the Crimean campaign,” writes the author of the article mentioned above, M. G. Ashukina-Zenger, “he began to fall ill. When he showed the first signs of consumption, he met with the resistance of Nicholas I, who did not allow him to travel abroad for treatment and supposedly put a resolution on his petition: "Never, nowhere." Consent was obtained only thanks to the support of the life physician Mandt "...

Some information about Stolypin's death in Florence in 1858 appeared in a letter from his brother Dmitry Arkadyevich to his sister Vyazemskaya dated October 26, 1858 from Baden.

“I have just returned from Italy, dear Maria, as you have already learned from Nicholas. We found out about Alexey's illness too late. If anything can serve as a consolation, this is the fact that Alexei was surrounded by the cares of all the persons who were close to him. His loss was felt even by persons who knew him little, he was so loved and respected. He took communion and showed a lot of patience and courage throughout his illness.

The excellent reviews of contemporaries about Mongo as a person of the highest degree noble, brave, rare kindness and cordiality are also confirmed by new documents. However, these reviews are too one-sided.

The most truthful, quite consistent with these documents, is, of course, the comic characterization of Mongo in the poem of the same name by M. Yu. Lermontov. With all the excellent inclinations of character, wit and excellent natural abilities of A. A. Stolypin-Mongo, he can in no way be called a representative of the advanced circles of Russian society, and he undoubtedly belongs to that inactive generation, about which M. Yu. Lermontov speaks with such sadness in the poem "Duma". He deserves reproach for his indifferent attitude towards the memory of his former friend, the great poet, towards whom he apparently cooled off in the last two years of his life.

p. having arrived in St. Petersburg in the summer of 1832, Lermontov, together with his grandmother, visited his relatives, including Vera Nikolaevna Stolypin, the wife of his brother E.A. Arsenyeva - Arkady Alekseevich Stolypin (1778-1825), nee Mordvinova. At that time, she and her children lived in the house of her father, Count Nikolai Semyonovich Mordvinov (see above for an essay about him). Vera Nikolaevna was left a widow with a whole brood of children - four sons and three daughters. Almost all of them were younger than Lermontov, but, nevertheless, for him they were cousins ​​uncles and aunts. In 1834, Vera Nikolaevna died, leaving her children in the arms of their grandfather.

Lermontov had already been studying at the School of Guards ensigns and cavalry cadets for a year, when Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin, the second son of Vera Nikolaevna, entered here - in 1833. Lermontov nicknamed him "Mongo". The reason for this nickname was one of Stolypin's favorite books. He often read french translation notes of the English traveler in Africa Mungo Park (in the French edition, the book was called "Journey of Mongo Park"). Lermontov called him either in the French way - Mongo (with an emphasis on the last syllable), or in English - Mungo (see about this in the memoirs of A.P. Shan Giray). He was a very handsome young man, as it was believed - the first handsome man in St. Petersburg. A contemporary wrote that "the amazingly beautiful outer shell was worthy of his soul and heart", called him "a model of nobility, boundless kindness, generosity and selfless readiness for service in word and deed".

From the school, Stolypin was released into the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, where Lermontov had already served. Here they lived in the same apartment (together with Alexei Grigorievich Stolypin - see the essay about him below). By this time, Lermontov's comic poem "Mongo" dates back, the plot of which was their joint adventure, which is usual for the life of hussar officers. In 1837, when Lermontov was in exile in the Caucasus, Stolypin was also there, in active units, where he went as a "hunter" for a year, as officers of the Guards regiments were allowed to do. On July 18, 1837, Lermontov wrote to his grandmother that he heard good news about Stolypin: “He is healthy, and some officers who came here from there told me that he can be considered the best officer of the guards sent to the Caucasus.”

Stolypin-Mongo was a brave officer and a good comrade. He had no other talents. IN ordinary life he was a sybarite, a lover of lounging, drinking, being lazy ... Prince M.B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, who had just entered the service in St. Petersburg, met the guards officers (this was in 1838). About Stolypin, he wrote: “He had just returned from the Caucasian expedition and sported in an oriental arkhaluk and smoked Turkish tobacco from long, five-pound cherry chibouks with Constantino-Polish amber. He ... then did not yet indulge in the cult of his own person, did not take baths from various spirits in the mornings and evenings, did not have a special outfit for every occasion and every hour of the day. He had not yet turned himself into a Balzac hero by a diligent study of the works of this writer and all the novels of that time ... he was still only a modest doll.

The prince, of course, exaggerates reality somewhat, but in in general terms in his review of Stolypin - the truth.

In 1839, Stolypin retired, but after Lermontov's duel with Barant, where he was a second, the tsar ordered him to return to service, appointed him to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, and he was forced to go to the Caucasus. He was supposed to leave Moscow with Lermontov (they were there at the same time), but Lermontov left with Remy. Obviously, Lermontov did not want to be bored with Stolypin on a long journey and he tried to get rid of him, or maybe they had some kind of quarrel. In the Caucasus, in the autumn of 1840, they both fought in the Galafeev detachment, experienced all the difficulties and dangers of the march. Stolypin is true to himself and, fighting bravely, dreams of resignation, wanting to "put on a coat - this is an honorable and worthy attire of a secular person."

In the winter of 1840, he was in Tiflis, in the circle of officer friends. “At 10 o’clock I get up,” he writes to his sister, “we drink coffee, Gagarin, Vasilchikov, Gervais and I, then we sing all the familiar arias, then we part - everyone goes to work: Gagarin draws, Vasilchikov reads, Gervais attaches thinking about my affections, I personally do nothing, but by the way, I smoke, lying on Persian carpets. Light breakfast at noon. Then everyone goes for a walk, makes visits. By five they return, have lunch and then go to the Turkish baths to give themselves a massage. After that, they drink tea and lie down ... then they wake up to resume everything from the beginning.

In the spring of 1841, Lermontov and Stolypin went to the Caucasus together. On the road, Lermontov commanded and Stolypin could not help but obey - the poet easily suppressed his will ... P.I. Magdenko (see the essay about him above) met them in Georgievsk and witnessed how Lermontov, with the help of a lucky lot, achieved his goal - not to go to the detachment, to Pyatigorsk on the water ...

In Pyatigorsk, Lermontov and Stolypin easily obtained certificates of illness and received permission to be treated on the waters. They rented a small house and settled in it together.

In the memoirs, Stolypin-Mongo appears as a participant in the last duel of Lermontov, as a second, although it is not known whose ... Vasilchikov told Viskovatov that Stolypin took drastic measures - he pushed back the barrier several times, threatening to separate opponents when Martynov took aim for too long ... most likely it wasn't.

It is unlikely that Stolypin took seriously the intention of his friends to shoot themselves and was convinced that they would return and start drinking champagne ... However, he had to bury Lermontov and order a portrait of the late artist R. Shvede, and then send "people" and things to Tarkhany ...

Subsequently, Stolypin never said anything about this duel (as, indeed, about Lermontov in general). In 1843, he was in Paris, where he translated A Hero of Our Time into French and published it in the Fourierist Victor Considerant's newspaper Peaceful Democracy.

Leo Tolstoy, who met with him during the Sevastopol campaign, called him "a glorious, interesting fellow." After the war of 1853-1856, Stolypin began to fall ill - he developed consumption. He died in 1858 in Florence, according to P.A. Vyazemsky, in the arms of a woman with whom he "rested from a long, tiring and enslaving relationship" with Countess A.K. Vorontsova-Dashkova.

I.S. Turgenev, creating the image of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel "Fathers and Sons", used the facts of the biography of Stolypin-Mongo.

Lit.: 1) Potto V. Historical sketch of Nikolaevsky cavalry school, 1823–1873. - St. Petersburg: in type. Second Division Own. E.I.V. office, 1873; Applications. - S. 64; 2) Viskovaty P.A. M.Yu. Lermontov. Life and art. - M .: Sovremennik, 1891 (Collected works edited by Viskovaty, T. 6) S. 384-396, 420-430, etc.; 3) Ashukina-Zenger M. About the memories of V.V. Boborykin about Lermontov. - In the book: "Literary Heritage", T. 45-46. M.Yu. Lermontov. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1948. - S. 749-754, 758-760; 4) Gershtein E.G. The fate of Lermontov. - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional – M.: Artist. lit., 1986. - S. 164, 288-290; 5) Nedumov S.I. Lermontovsky Pyatigorsk. - Pyatigorsk: Snow, 2011. - 480 p. 6) Andronikov I.L. Search direction. - In the book: M.Yu. Lermontov: Research and materials. - L .: "Nau-ka" Leningrad. Department, 1979. - C. 153-170. 7) Nedumov S.I. Lermontovsky Pyatigorsk. - Stavropol: Stavropol Prince. publishing house, 1974. - S. 229-234, 237-238, 263; 8) Lermontov M.Yu. Letter from Arsenyeva E.A., July 18, 1837 Pyatigorsk // Lermontov M.Yu. Works: In 6 volumes, M.–L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954–1957. - T. 6. Prose, letters. – 1957. S. 439–440.

Mon. Lazar (Afanasiev)

"The Second Grandmother" Alexei Stolypin

This figure, I must say, is very curious! If, say, Mikhail Glebov in Lermontov’s literature is most often presented as “white and fluffy”, and Prince Alexander Vasilchikov, as a rule, looks blacker than black, then Alexei Arkadyevich appears before us either in the snow-white clothes of an impeccable gentleman and caring relative, or in a black robe villain and secret enemy of the poet. Moreover, the polarization of opinions about Mongo began during his lifetime. By the way, it is believed that the nickname "Mongo" was given to his uncle by Lermontov himself, having seen his book "Moonpark Journey", although there are other versions - we will not waste time on them. It's just convenient to call Alexei Arkadevich like this - to distinguish him from other Stolypins.

Alexey Arkadyevich Stolypin

V. I. Gau, 1844

Well, what do those who write about him reveal more in Mongo's personality - pluses or minuses? Alas! If we put both on different scales, then balance will be maintained, because for every plus there is always a minus and vice versa. Here are the characteristics of the personality of Alexei Arkadyevich, given by his contemporaries. A distant relative of Lermontov, M. N. Longinov, wrote: “He was a perfect handsome man; his beauty, masculine and at the same time distinguished by some kind of tenderness, would have been called by the French "prover biale" (legendary). He was equally good in the dashing hussar mentik, and under the lamb shako of the Nizhny Novgorod dragoon, and, finally, in the attire of a modern lion, which he was quite, but in the best sense of the word. The amazing beauty of the outer shell was worthy of his soul and heart. To call "Mongu-Stolypin" means for the people of our time the same thing as expressing the concept of embodied honor, a model of nobility, boundless kindness, generosity and selfless readiness for service in word and deed. He was not spoiled by the most brilliant of social successes, and he died no longer young, but the same kind, beloved Mongo, and none of the lions hated him, despite the danger of his rivalry. To utter a bad word about him could not have occurred to anyone and would have been taken for something monstrous.

And here is the opinion of Prince M. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky: “... I saw a lot with the officers of the Life Hussar Regiment stationed in Tsarskoe Selo ... Here I met the beautiful Mongo ... He had not yet indulged in the cult of his own person, did not receive in the morning and in the evenings baths of various perfumes, did not have a special outfit for every occasion and every hour of the day, did not yet turn himself into a Balzac hero by a diligent study of the works of this writer and all the novels of that time, which depict women and great society so faithfully; he was still only a modest chrysalis, wrapped in the cocoon of his regiment, and spoke rather bad French; he wanted to be thought smart, for which he made noise and drank, and at reviews and parades he rode in Circassian style on short stirrups, which brought reprimands from his superiors. In fact, it was a handsome dummy of a man with a lifeless face and a stupid expression of eyes and lips, which, moreover, were tongue-tied and often stuttered. He was stupid, he knew it and hid his stupidity under the mask of emptiness and boasting.

Yes, these reviews provide a great opportunity for those who want to both raise Mongo on a pedestal and bring him down! The characteristics of Alexei Arkadyevich, given to him by such an authoritative person as Leo Tolstoy, serve the same purposes perfectly. So, on June 31, 1854, he writes in his diary: “Another transition to Focsani, during which I rode with Mongo. A man empty, but with firm, albeit false, convictions. And the entry dated April 26, 1856 reads: “I dined with Alexei Stolypin at Dusso. Nice and interesting fellow.

In a word, choose what you like. Some people actually do this:

“Among the people who were grouped around Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, not everyone was sincere and worthy of his comrades ... “Knight of Honor” - this is how Stolypin was characterized in St. Petersburg salons, where Lermontov was considered an “extra” person. And this is quite logical, because Stolypin's ideas about honor fit into the framework of aristocratic concepts. Leo Tolstoy put it this way about Stolypin-Mongo: “A man is empty, but with firm, albeit false, convictions” (I. Kucherov, V. Steshits. “And yet ... Duel or murder?”).

“... If we talk about the friendship of the poet with Stolypin, then it is hardly possible today to judge whether Mongo was worthy or not worthy of it. And if Lermontov’s choice fell on the “magnificent idol”, which, according to some, Mongo was, then there was some sense in this for him, then this man was dear to Lermontov ... Cheerful, without pretensions to scholarship, according to L. N. Tolstoy, “a nice and interesting fellow”, he was an indispensable companion and good friend for Lermontov, especially in the turbulent years of the hussar life ”(V. Zakharov.“ The mystery of the last duel ”).

And here, as we see, the polarity of opinions, with the use of quotes from Tolstoy as "heavy artillery", "shooting" in directly opposite directions. It is especially sad that, diligently painting Mongo with light or dark paint, the writers showed little interest in him. Only in the most last years works have appeared that clarify some important points in his biography.

Alexey Emelyanovich Stolypin (1744–1817), a Penza landowner and provincial marshal of the nobility, is considered the founder of the large Stolypin family. He made his considerable fortune on wine farms. He studied for some time at Moscow University, understood the importance of education. He was the owner of one of the best serf theaters in Russia. Alexey Emelyanovich had 11 children - 6 daughters and 5 sons. He gave his sons an excellent education - almost all of them became prominent military and statesmen who played an important role in the history of Russia. In particular, Arkady Alekseevich Stolypin (1787–1825), Mongo's father, was a privy councillor, chief prosecutor of the Senate, then a senator. Enlightened, an advanced figure of his time, a close friend of M. M. Speransky, he was familiar with N. M. Karamzin, V. K. Kuchelbeker, A. S. Griboyedov.

It is curious that it was thanks to Arkady Alekseevich that the first thread was stretched that connected the Stolypins with the Caucasus. IN late XVIII century Arkady Alekseevich ended up in Georgievsk. Perhaps he began his career in one of the offices of the county. The most interesting thing is that in 1795 the magazine "Pleasant and useful pastime" published his poem "Letter from the Caucasus to my friend G. G. P. in Moscow." This is the first description of the far southern region in Russian literature. And its author does not look like a visiting traveler, but a resident of those places, moreover, their patriot, who is proud of the uniqueness of this region.

The next thread to the Caucasus was stretched thanks to the decree of Alexander I, by which in 1807 the “retired lieutenant Stolypin”, that is, Alexei Emelyanovich, the father of Arkady Alekseevich and the grandfather of Mongo, was allotted four thousand acres of land in the Georgievsky district of the Caucasus province - along the course of the Kuma River, between dachas of the state-owned villages of Soldato-Aleksandrovskoye and Otkaznoye. Two years later, Alexey Emelyanovich and his son Nikolai visited the Caucasus - probably on the business of this estate. And in subsequent years, the Stolypins came here more than once. In 1825, the daughters of Alexander Alekseevich - Maria, Agafya, Varvara - were treated at the Caucasian Waters. And Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, nee Stolypina, brought here her sickly grandson Misha Lermontov. And they lived in the estate of Ekaterina Alekseevna Khastatova, also born Stolypina. Having married General Khastatov, she settled on the Terek in the Shelkovskoye estate, and built two houses on Hot Waters. They were kept until late XIX century, then they were broken to make room for the Novosabaneevsky (now Pushkin) baths.

Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin, known both to his contemporaries and to all subsequent researchers as Stolypin-Mongo, was the second son of Arkady Alekseevich. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov had a cousin uncle - the poet's grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna, was the sister of Arkady Alekseevich. Mongo was born in 1816. He was brought up at home, having received, like the rest of his brothers, a thorough home education. Contrary to the assertions of some biographers of the poet, in their childhood they were not close to Mikhail Yuryevich and even knew each other. And for the first time they could meet only in 1832, when Michel visited the dacha of Vera Nikolaevna, Alexei's mother. And then, with a gap of only one year, both entered the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers. Accident? Or agreed in advance?

Enrolling at first in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, Stolypin very soon transferred to the Life Guards Hussar, who chose Michel. Why? After all, tall Stolypin was much more appropriate to be a horse guard, into which horsemen under two meters high were selected, than to serve in hussars, mostly undersized. This suggests that he already then fell under the influence of his great-nephew and did not want to part with him in subsequent years. After graduating from school, both were released into the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, stationed in Tsarskoe Selo - Lermontov in 1834, Stolypin in 1835. There they rented an apartment together, leading a lifestyle typical of the officer environment of this regiment. Some of their adventures of that time appear in Lermontov's poem "Mongo", dated 1836.

Incidentally, this is not the only literary work where Stolypin's personality was reflected. It is believed that, in addition to the poem "Mongo", Lermontov brought some of its features to the image of Pechorin. V. A. Sollogub portrayed Stolypin in the story "Big Light" under the name of Count Safiev. I. S. Turgenev used his personality traits and biography facts to describe the young years of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel Fathers and Sons.

Two years have passed. For poems on the death of Pushkin, Lermontov was exiled to the Caucasus. And at the same time Stolypin went there. Some researchers directly link these events. But a simple comparison of dates denies this connection: the place of Lermontov's exile became known only in February 1837, and Stolypin decided to go to the Caucasus in January.

At the far south end, they parted ways. Lermontov, who fell ill on the road, ended up on the Waters, and Stolypin, seconded to the detachment of General Velyaminov, by the way, together with Nikolai Martynov, made a difficult journey through the Caucasian passes to the Black Sea coast, where both took part in the construction of coastal fortifications, for which they subsequently received awards. The conditions of the campaign turned out to be extremely difficult, sometimes deadly. But the capital's dandy and sybarite withstood everything with dignity. Lermontov, who heard about this, wrote about him to his grandmother: "... some officers who came from there say that he can be considered the best officer of the guards who came to the Caucasus."

Soon both were again in the capital, where their joint hussar life continued. A notable milestone was their participation in the so-called "circle of sixteen", where Lermontov played a very prominent role. Some of the Lermontov scholars of the 20th century tried to present this circle as a “nest of freethinking”. In fact, it was just a meeting of dissident representatives of aristocratic families who allowed themselves attacks on the existing order.

Stolypin's confrontation with Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich was not limited to these verbal attacks among friends. According to the biographer of the poet P. A. Viskovatov: “He (Stolypin) had a nuisance about one lady, whom he protected from the importunity of some people. It was said that he managed to give her the opportunity to quietly hide abroad. Under "certain persons" meant, of course, Nikolai Pavlovich and the chief of the gendarmes Benkendorf. But it was not possible to reliably find out the name of the lady, despite the seemingly convincing versions put forward by the researchers.

But is it so important if we know that there was nothing personal in Mongo's actions, because just at that time his long and stormy romance began with the famous beauty - Countess A.K. Vorontsova-Dashkova. Many years of attachment to her, which excluded all other love affairs in the world, did not save Mongo from the personal hostility of Nicholas I, which was mentioned by his relative Alexander Arkadyevich Stolypin: “They say that Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, who was proud of his appearance, had a weakness to be jealous of the successes of Alexei Arkadyevich and did not hide his dislike for him.

Probably, Mongo would not have been very happy if the emperor had found out about his official misconduct - his absence from the regiment without good reason in the summer of 1839. For his sin, Stolypin was subjected to a serious disciplinary punishment - a two-month detention in a guardhouse. A considerable term, which assumed the subsequent transfer of a guards officer to one of the army regiments, most likely to the Caucasus. To avoid this, Stolypin submitted his resignation, which was granted. Alas, in February 1840 Lermontov had a duel with the son of the French envoy Ernest de Barante, in which Stolypin was a second. As a man of honor, Stolypin admitted this himself, although he was threatened with considerable punishment. True, she did not follow - in the resolution on the case, the emperor ordered only to declare to Stolypin, "... that in his rank and years it is useful to serve, and not to be idle." So Mongo had to put on his uniform again - this time the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment.

Once again they are both traveling "from the sweet north towards the south." And they travel separately. And even holidays at the beginning of 1841 are taken separately. This gives grounds for some Lermontov scholars to talk about the cooling of their friendly relations, which is denied by their other colleagues. Therefore, if we use the symbolic scales here again, we will again see the balance, since much can be put on the other cup that speaks in favor of continuing friendship. After all, they often fight side by side and constantly meet in between battles. And, returning from vacation, they make a significant part of the journey in one carriage. Together they are assigned to the left flank of the Caucasian line, go there together and, in the end, end up in Pyatigorsk together. Here they live in one house, where all the rooms communicate with each other. Their landlord, Chilaev, recalled their common daily dinners and friendly festive feasts, in which both took part. And about how the sensible Stolypin continually restrained the impulses of his impulsive relative, receiving in response: “You are the second grandmother!” Is this possible with a broken friendship?

And finally, the fatal duel at the foot of Mashuk. He presents us with a whole bunch of mysteries related to Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin. Talk about them ahead.

Stolypin lived for almost two decades after the Pyatigorsk tragedy - he fought in the Crimea, lived abroad. In 1858 he died of tuberculosis. And for all this time he did not say a word about Lermontov and his duel. True, publishing his translation of the novel A Hero of Our Time in one of the Parisian newspapers, he gave the editors reason to write: “G. Lermontov recently died in a duel, the reasons for which remain unclear. Or maybe Mongo did not want the circumstances of the death of his relative and friend to be explained?

Perhaps he didn't want to. But then how can we relate to those contemporaries who, despite the fact that they had no reason to distort the facts, nevertheless “voiced” their information clearly inaccurately?

"Stolypin" Detention car: cages along the corridor. The cell-compartment is not for four, as usual, - for five, at most for six. Two shelves at the bottom, solid bunks with a hole for climbing on top. We were 12 people. Two on the lower shelves with a jack, eight on the ribs, as in a sprat jar,

Pyotr Stolypin Pyotr Stolypin

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Stolypin, Tsar, Rasputin and others 1909 - highest point in the fate of the Reformer. And at the same time - the beginning of the sunset. The first sign of negative changes was not yet tangible, it was perceived as a simple misunderstanding between him and Nikolai. The conversation concerned a certain Gregory

Stolypin and Guchkov Meanwhile, the government policy, aimed more at the Urals, opposed a different mood, a different idea - hegemony in the Middle East. Recall that after the agreement with England in 1908, the liberal intelligentsia remembered the Straits. A

Stolypin and the national idea In May 1909, he decided new course Stolypin - the proclamation of the principle of Great Russian state nationalism. For modern people who consider nationalism and chauvinism one and the same phenomenon, such a course will seem

Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin September 1, 1911 Kiev Opera House. They give Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan. But the show is unusual. The first persons of Russia are in the hall. Emperor Nicholas II with his daughters. Prime Minister, ministers, court nobility, regional

Stolypin appeared in 1906 strong man, Stolypin. An attempt was made on the newly appointed Minister of the Interior, but he survived. But three years later Stolypin became Prime Minister 18 *, took up creative work on a large scale. Took permission

CHAPTER 46 First thought. Stolypin On the First Duma. On non-interference of the government in the elections to the 1st State Duma. About the slogan "Tsar and people". On the Supreme Exit to Representatives State Duma and Council in winter palace January 27, 1905. About relationships

Chapter two. GRANDFATHER AND GRANDMA FADEEV How adults are unfair to her! They do not care about her feelings, they do not appreciate either her selfless nature, or her spiritual impulses, or her naive faith in her destiny to become a great actress - all that makes up the meaning of a young life. A

"Stolypin" Exactly twenty-six people were crammed into a compartment of an ordinary type, fenced off from the corridor by a barred door. On the second and third shelves lay down two of the most authoritative personalities among thieves. The remaining eighteen were placed on the two lower shelves and on the floor.

Stolypin In 1905 I lived on the islands. I received a very alarming letter from my manager, who informed me that dressed in an adjutant wing, a revolutionary studded with orders, accompanied by his accomplices also dressed in disguise, was driving around

Chapter 19 Kholmshchina and P.A. Stolypin In 1908, the government was busy discussing the issue of a new Kholmsk province, which was to include several counties of the Sedlets and Lublin provinces. The majority of the population of the latter was Orthodox Russian peasantry,

TOLSTOY AND STOLYPIN From a letter to a friend Arthur Genrikhovich! I am haunted by your critical remark about the collection of my works. And I want to express my views on this matter. With what I vainly included in the collection "Letters without an answer", I completely agree. Not a place