German letters for children. German alphabet for children. Games with the German alphabet

It's time to reinforce this skill on the other hand - learn how to write German letters by hand. Moreover, not printed letters, namely the written ones.

What is it for?

First, by writing words by hand, we connect motor memory to the learning process. This is a valuable resource when learning a foreign language, it must be used!
Secondly, you are teaching not for virtual purposes German, and for real life. And in real life, you really may need to fill out some forms, questionnaires in German, perhaps handwritten applications, etc.

But - you ask - are not those Latin letters that we know from mathematics or from English lessons enough? Aren't they the same letters?

And you will be partly right: of course, these are the same letters, but, as it should be for original cultures, there are some features in the German written font. And it is useful to know them so that when faced, to be able to read what is written.

And for many people, handwriting is far from the school norm, to put it mildly. And in order to understand this kind of handwritten "fonts", it is important to have your own writing skill, which has evolved through different situations - writing in a hurry, on scraps of paper, in uncomfortable positions, on a school board with chalk or marker, etc. But most importantly, you need to clearly imagine to himself the original, which each hand-writer undergoes his own individual changes. This original will be discussed later.

German written fonts

IN currently there are several written German scripts that are used for teaching in elementary school, and, accordingly, are applied later in life. In Germany alone, for example, there are several "standards" adopted in different time. Some federal states have clear guidelines for the use of a certain font in elementary school, while others rely on the choice of the teacher.

latin script(Lateinische Ausgangsschrift) was adopted in Germany in 1953. In practice, it differs little from its predecessor of 1941, the most noticeable is the new look of the capital letter S and the new cursive spelling of the letters X, x (the horizontal dash in the center also left the capital X), plus the "loops" were abolished - in the center of capital letters E, R and in connecting dashes (arcs) of the letters O, V, W and Ö.

The GDR also made adjustments to learning programs For elementary school, and in 1958 the script type Schreibschrift-Vorlage was adopted, which I do not show here, since it repeats the above version almost exactly, except for the following innovations:

new cursive lowercase t (see next font)
slightly modified spelling of the letter ß (see next font)
the right half of the X, x is now slightly separated from the left
dots over i and j became dashes, similar to dashes over umlauts
the horizontal line at the capital Z disappeared

And 10 years later, in 1968 in the same GDR, in order to make it easier for schoolchildren to write, this font was further modified, radically simplifying the writing of capital letters! Of the lowercase, only x has been changed, the rest is inherited from the 1958 font. Once again, note the spelling of ß and t, as well as the slight differences in f and r compared to writing in the "Latin" font. As a result, the following happened.

school writing font(Schulausgangsschrift):

Germany also went in the direction of simplification, having developed its own version of a similar font in 1969, which they called “simplified”. The innovation and feature of this font was that all connecting dashes were brought to the same level, to the rather "line" of small letters.

Simplified written font(Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift):

In general, it is not the same as the "school" font above, although there are some stylistic similarities. By the way, dots over i, j have been preserved, while strokes over umlauts, on the contrary, have become more like dots. Notice the lowercase s, t, f, z (!), as well as the ß.

It is worth mentioning another option, under the solid name of the "base font" (Grundschrift), all the letters of which, both lowercase and uppercase, are more similar to printed ones, and they are written separately from each other. This variant, developed in 2011, is being tested in some schools and, if adopted at the national level, could replace the three above.

Austrian script fonts

To complete the picture, I will give two more variants of the capital German alphabet, which are used in Austria. I will leave them without comment, for independent comparison with the above fonts, drawing your attention only to a couple of features - in the 1969 font in lowercase t and f, the crossbar is written the same way (with a "loop"). Another feature no longer concerns the alphabet itself - the spelling of the number 9 differs from the version to which we are accustomed.

Austrian school font 1969:

Austrian school font(Österreichische Schulschrift) 1995:

What written German font should I use?

With such a variety of "standard" fonts, a reasonable question is which one to follow in writing? There is no definitive answer to this question, but some recommendations can be made:

If you are learning German with the aim of applying it to a specific country, such as Austria, choose between the written samples of that country. Otherwise, choose between the German variants.
For independent learners of German at a conscious age, I would recommend the "Latin" written script. This is a real classic and traditional German writing. For an adult, it will not be difficult to master it. One way or another, you can try each of the above options and choose the one that you like best.
For children who are just learning to write letters and it is important to learn them faster, you can choose between "school" and "simplified" fonts. The latter is perhaps more preferred.
For language learners in general education school this question is not particularly worth it, you need to follow the pattern that the teacher or textbook gives (and requires you to follow). As a rule, in our schools this is the "Latin" script. Sometimes - his GDR modification of 1958, which gives out the way the lowercase t is written.

What should be the outcome of this lesson:

You must decide on the German font that you will follow on the letter. Try different variants and make your choice.
You must learn to handwrite all the letters of the alphabet, uppercase and lowercase. Repeat the lesson, then practice writing all the letters of the alphabet (in order) from memory. When self-checking, carefully compare each of your strokes with the sample. Repeat this paragraph until you make a single mistake - neither in the spelling of the letters, nor in their order.

In the future, when doing writing assignments, from time to time compare your notes with a font sample, try to follow it always (including drafts), correct your handwriting. However, I will remind you of this.

The main occupation of a schoolchild and a student is study. Children spend more than 50 percent of their time with textbooks, notebooks and computers - this is an integral part of the life of a modern teenager.

But not always children have to learn what they like - most of the subjects cause boredom, you have to force the child to learn lessons, make a schedule with him and much more. IN website They will tell you how to make the German language interesting for a student of any age.

teachers website developed special tips that will help to interest the child in a new subject for him. Toddlers and teens are the most difficult age to get to learn.

It never happens that a child does not want to learn just like that. There is a reason for everything. It is necessary to work out all aspects - a psychological plan, a program, a teacher, a school. It is necessary to eliminate the cause, then there will be a desire to learn, for example, choose another teacher or switch to a different program for mastering the subject.
Without good fluent reading skills foreign language the child will not move on. Make sure that he has mastered this stage one hundred percent - otherwise, hire a tutor, talk to the teacher.
It is important to organize your workplace. The daily routine of a teenager should have a clear schedule. A certain time is allotted for study, leisure, sports, additional classes, circles and sections. Leisure must be mandatory, otherwise the child will quickly get tired and lose interest in learning.
It is necessary to be supportive of the baby, support him in his difficult work. You don’t need to sit with him for homework every day, but he should always feel your support. Ask how he is doing. Help if necessary.

Print German in pictures, or basic study methods

Pay attention to how German classes are held by a child with a teacher. It is good if the following methods are used in the process.

New knowledge should be put into practice: conversations in German, watching children's films, reading books, memorizing poems, etc.
Use picture cards when learning new words and letters.
On concrete examples the child needs to be told that knowing a new language is convenient and useful. It will be useful to him in the future for work and travel abroad.
During conversational classes in German, the different topics: sports, computer equipment, the world and so on.

The child should enjoy learning German. This will help him learn a new discipline thoroughly and for a long time, and will also make your relationship with him more trusting.

Every language starts with an alphabet, and German is no exception! To learn how to read German correctly, you must first become familiar with all German letters and sounds.
The German alphabet is a Latin-based alphabet with 26 letters:

A a[A], Bb[be], c c[tse], D d[de], e e[e], F f[ef], G g[ge], H h[Ha], I i[And], J j[yot], Kk[ka], l l[el], M m[Em], N n[en], O o[O], Pp[ne], Q q[ku], R r[er], S s[es], T t[te], U u[y], Vv[fau], Ww[ve], X x[X], Y y[upsilon], Zz[tset].

German alphabet (listen)

Listen to the alphabet:

There are also three umlauts (Ä, Ö, Ü) in the German alphabet.
Listen to umlauts:

Umlauts (two dots above vowels) denote a qualitative change in the sounds u, o, a.

The correct pronunciation of sounds in words with and without umlauts is very important, since the meaning of the word depends on it. For example, the word "schon" is pronounced firmly, with an "o" sound and means "already", while the word "schön" has more soft sound, close to the Russian "yo", and means "pleasant, sweet." Pay attention to the signs above the vowels to avoid misunderstanding!

To speak German correctly, pay attention to the pronunciation of German umlauts:
At the beginning of a word and after vowels, the umlaut "ä" is read as the sound "e", after consonants: as "e. To correctly pronounce the umlaut "ö", the position of the tongue should be like with "e", and the lips - like with "o". Thus, a sound will come out that is vaguely similar to the Russian "e". By the way, “e” can also be called an umlaut, because this is a qualitative change in the sound “e” in Russian. So, to pronounce the umlaut ü, the position of the tongue should be like with “and”, and the lips should be like with y. You will get a sound that is somewhat similar to the Russian "yu".
Umlauts are not so easy not only to pronounce, but also to type. If you don't have a German keyboard, you can use common replacement signs:
ä–ae
ö-oe
ü - ue

Another unusual sign of the German language is the ligature (i.e., the combination of letters) "escet" (ß).

Most often, “escet” is equated with the letters “ss”, however, in addition to the sound [s], it denotes the length of the previous sound, so you should not replace “ß” with “s” - “ss” signals the brevity of the previous sound, which is important to remember when studying the rules reading.
Like umlauts, "escet" is not part of the alphabet and is taken out of it. However, in dictionaries these letters follow alphabetical order: Ää follows Aa, Öö follows Oo, Üü follows Uu, and ß follows “ss”.

Reading Rules German words are quite simple and obey simple rules, and therefore there is no transcription in German - it appears only in some compound words, most often coming to German from other languages.
The stress is placed before the stressed syllable, and the long sound is indicated by a colon.

From sound to letter. Learning to read in German

In German, different letters can make the same sound. The table below will help you figure out which letters and letter combinations are read the same way in German.

Remember! A syllable is considered open if it ends in a vowel: da. A closed syllable ends in a consonant: das.

Sound	Pronunciation	Letter	Word position	Examples
[A]	[A]	A	in closed syllable	das
		Ah	in open syllable
[s]	[With]	s	at the end of a word and after long vowels	das, Nass
[z]	[h]	s	before and between vowels	Saat
		f		Fass
		ff	in the middle and end of a word	paff
		v	at the beginning and middle of a word	Vater
[v]	[V]	w	at the beginning and middle of a word	was
[n]	[n]	n	at the beginning, middle and end of a word	nah, an
[n]	[n]	nn		wann
[d]	[e]	d	at the beginning and middle of a word	das
		t	At the beginning, middle and end of a word	Tat
		tt	In the middle and end of a word	satt
		d	at the end of a word	Sand
	[c]	z	at the beginning, middle and end of a word	Zahn
	[c]	tz	in the middle and end of a word after short sounds	Satz
[b]	[b]	b	at the beginning and middle of a word between vowels	Bahn
		p	at the beginning and middle of a word	pass
		pp	in the middle and end of a word after short sounds	knapp
		b	at the end of a word and before a consonant	ab
[m]	[m]	m	at the beginning and middle of a word	Mann
[m]	[m]	mm		Damm
[g]	[G]	g	at the beginning and middle of a word	Gast
[ŋ]	[n]	ng	in the middle and end of a word after a short sound	Sang
[ŋk]	[nk]	nk	in the middle and end of a word after a short sound	bank
		k	at the beginning and middle of a word	cann
		ck	in the middle and end of a word after a short sound	Sack
		g	at the end of a word	Tag
	[kv]	qu		Quant
	[ks]	x		Axt
[i]	[And]	i	in closed syllable	East
		i	in open syllable
		ie
		ieh
		ih
[u]	[y]	u	in closed syllable	und
	[at:]	u	in open syllable	Rufen
	[at:]	uh	in open syllable	Uhr
[ə]	[e]	e	in final syllable	Tasse
	[R]	r	at the beginning of a word or syllable	Rat
	[R]	rr	after a consonant, short vowels and long	Paar, Brust
[r]	[A]	r	at the end of a word	Vater, wir
[ɜ]	[e]	e	in closed syllable	Bett
[ɜː]	[e:]	ä	in open syllable	Kase, Bar,
	[e:]	e	in open syllable	Rede, Weg, Tee, sehen
[ʃ]	[w]	sch	at the beginning, middle and end of a word	Schuh
[ʃt]	[PCS]	st	at the beginning of a word	Strasse
[ʃp]	[w]	sp	at the beginning of a word	spat
	[ah]	ei	at the beginning, middle and end of a word	ein, mein,
	[O:]	oh, oo	in open syllable	Brot, Boot,
[o]	[O]	o	in closed syllable	oft
[x]	[X]	ch	after short sounds a, o, u	Fach, doch, Buch
[ç]	[xx]	ch	after a short sound	ich, recht, weich
[ç]	[xx]	g	in suffix -ig	ruhig
[j]	[th]	j	at the beginning of a word before vowels	ja
	[au]	j	before the vowels a, o, u in French. borrowings	Journal, Jargon
g	before the vowels e, i in French. borrowings	Ingenieur
	[pf]	pf	at the beginning, middle and end of a word	Pfad, Apfel, Kampf
	[Ouch]	eu	at the beginning, middle and end of a word	Euch, neun, neu, Räume

Tasks for the lesson

Try to put your knowledge into practice by doing the following exercises. Do not be afraid to peek at the table, over time all the sounds will be remembered, and the need for hints will disappear by itself!

Exercise 1. Read the following words:

Mein, liegen, Freunde, Tasche, Tag, jetzt, Jacke, spielen, stehen, wachsen, zusammen, Stunde, Träume, täglich, ruhig, schon, Bitte, Spaß, selten, ziemlich, oft, neun, Brot, die, Baum, Nass.
Listen:

Answers to Exercise 1.
Mein [main], liegen ['li: gen], Freunde [; freynde], Tasche ['tashe], Tag [so], jetzt [ezt], Jacke ['yake], spielen ['shpi: linen], stehen ['shte:en], wachsen ['waxen], zusammen [tsu'zamen], Stunde ['shtunde], Träume ['troyme], täglich ['teglikh], ruhig ['ru: ihy], schon [sho: n], Bitte ['bite], Spaß [shpa: s], selten ['selten], ziemlich ['tsimlich], oft [oft], neun [noin], Brot [brot], die [di:], Baum [baum], Naß [on: from].

German letters in pictures this is exactly what you can use to learn the German alphabet in pictures from the very beginning. early age. All letters are presented below, after the article. If German will be one of your child's main languages (or even the main one), then after a year the German letters in the pictures will come in handy for learning. Otherwise, of course, it is better to wait a little.

Do not be surprised, but after a year, German letters in pictures are quite possible to learn. Because the child now remembers everything like a sponge. German letters in pictures will become something bright for him, colorful - and therefore memorable. Hang one letter today on a wall or on a closet, and tell your child that this is such and such a German letter. Then, after a while, when you see that the child already clearly remembers exactly how the German letter sounds, hang up another letter. This is both a game, and also the development of the baby.

Older children can color the German letters in the pictures, putting them in order, like the alphabet. The German letters in the pictures make up the German alphabet. Sooner or later, you will also have to learn it if you want your child to know German. Coloring is something that can help in learning each individual German letter. The child will color today the first letter of the German alphabet, tomorrow the second, the day after tomorrow the third, and so on.

It just seems like it will take a long time. In fact, one month - and the German alphabet in coloring pages will be ready. The main thing is to start repeating it again, and possibly already from the end. It is important to remember here that the German alphabet can also be forgotten, while we are learning one thing, we forget another. Therefore, every day, repeat the German letters in pictures with your child, according to what you have already colored, learned. Thus, the German alphabet is easier and more fun to learn. It's not as dry as in the book - the German letters in the coloring pictures give creative freedom.

On the other hand, maybe the child does not need such freedom. Then print out for yourself the German letters in the pictures already painted by us. And the child will ALREADY be able to learn the German alphabet from the finished material. Even if you yourself do not know German, it does not matter. In our pictures, German letters are depicted with Russian transcription. So you can easily help your child, learn a new, German language.

The German alphabet is represented by high-quality A4 format pictures

The first letter of the German alphabet is A, click on it to see the coloring page.

Second letter of the German alphabet B to see the coloring you need to click on the letter.

The third letter of the German alphabet is C, click on it to see the coloring page.

The fourth letter of the German alphabet D, click on it to see the coloring page.

Fifth letter of the German alphabet E, click, the coloring page will open.

The sixth letter of the German alphabet F, click and the coloring page will open.

The seventh letter of the German alphabet G, click and the coloring page will open.

The eighth letter of the German alphabet H, click to open the coloring page.

The ninth letter of the German alphabet I, click to open the coloring page.

The tenth letter of the German alphabet is J, click and the coloring page will open.

The eleventh letter of the German alphabet is K, click and the coloring page will appear.

The twelfth letter of the German alphabet L, click and the coloring page will appear.

The thirteenth letter of the German alphabet M, click and the coloring page will appear.

The fourteenth letter of the German alphabet N, click and there will be a coloring.

The fifteenth letter of the German alphabet is O

The sixteenth letter of the German alphabet is P, click on it and there will be a coloring.

The seventeenth letter of the German alphabet Q, click on it - the coloring will appear.

The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet R, click and the coloring will appear.

The nineteenth letter of the German alphabet S, click and the coloring page will open.

The twentieth letter of the German alphabet T, click and the coloring page will open.

The twenty-first letter of the German alphabet U, click and the coloring page will open.

The twenty-second letter of the German alphabet V

The twenty-third letter of the German alphabet W, click and the coloring page will open.

X is the twenty-fourth letter of the German alphabet., click and the coloring page will open.

The twenty-fifth letter of the German alphabet Y, click and the coloring page will open.

The twenty-sixth letter of the German alphabet Z, click and the coloring page will open.

The German alphabet was created from the Greco-Romance alphabet. It consists of 26 letters represented in the German alphabet table. As a rule, it includes lowercase and capital letters of the German alphabet, pronunciation, the Russian analogue of the pronunciation of the letters of the German alphabet and examples of German words in which one or another letter is clearly audible and pronounced.

When learning the German alphabet, it is important to pay attention to specific letters. umlaut (umlaut, Umlaut), which are not in the standard Latin alphabet. We are talking about the letters ä, ö, ü, ß.

Lowercase letters of the German alphabet

german letter	Russian analogue	Transcription	Examples
A a			der A pfel (apple) a rm (poor) der Fall (case) der A bend (evening) scha ffen (create)
Bb	bae		der Bus (bus) b auen (to build) neb en (close) das Sieb (sieve) sieb en (seven)
c c	ce		der C character (character) die C hemie (chemistry) ac ht (eight) die C reme (cream) der C hef (Chief)
D d	de		der Dill (dill) Donau (Danube) leid en (suffer) Das Lied (song) der Bod en (soil)
e e			die E he (marriage) der Berg (mountain) der Tee (tea) gern (willingly) der Rabe (raven)
F f	ef	[εf]	fein (thin) der Freund (friend) die Hilf e (help) Das Schiff funf (five)
G g	ge		gut (good) das Geld (money) mog en (to love) der Zug (train) wegg ehen (leave)
H h			h ier (here) h aben (to have) der Hofh und (yard dog) der Rauch (smoke) h undert (one hundred)
I i			der I gel (hedgehog) Wi en (Vienna) fi nden (find) mobile (mobile) di e Kopi e (copy)
J j	iot		der Jew (Jew) Benjamin (Benjamin) jetzt (now) j a (yeah) das Jod (iodine)
Kk	ka		der K amm (comb) der Rock (skirt) klein (small) back en (furnace) denk en (think)
l l	email	[εl]	laufen (to run) bl ind (blind) die Insel (island) der Himmel (sky) die Lampe (lamp)
M m	Em	[εm]	malen (draw) der Mensch (person) komm en (come) der Baum (tree) dumm (stupid)
N n	en	[εn]	nur (only) die N acht (night) konn en (to be able) wohn en (live) n eun (nine)
O o			oben (top) die So nne (sun) die Flora (flora) also (so) for rmlo s (shapeless)
Pp	pe		die Presse (press) tipp en (print) p lump (clumsy) die P flanze (plant) der Typ (type)
Q q	ku		die Q uelle (source) q uadraticsh (square) der Quark (cottage cheese) verq uält (exhausted) der Quatsch (nonsense)
R r	er	[εr]	rufen (to call) die Gruppe (group) die Kir sche (cherry) hier (here) das beer (beer)
S s	es	[εs]	der Sohn (son) sieben (seven) die Nas e (nose) interest ant (interesting) was (what)
T t	te		der Tisch (table) die T ant e (aunt) gott lich (divine) satt (satiated) das Brot (bread)
U u			die U hr (hours) die Ursache (reason) wu nderbar (wonderful) genau (exactly) mu rmeln (to mumble)
Vv	fau		der Vater (father) v on (from) der Karnev al [-v-] (carnival) herv orgehen [-f-] (to occur) der Nerv [-v] (nerve)
Ww	ve		wollen (to wish) der Wein (wine) die Wohnung (apartment) bew eisen (prove) die Anw endung (application)
X x	X		Xanten (Xanten) die Hex e (witch) die Tax e (dachshund) das Max imum (maximum) das Fax (fax, message)
Y y	upsilon		der Y eti (yeti, big Foot) dy namisch (dynamic) der Zy niker (cynic) die Lyrik (lyrics) die Phy sik (physics)
Zz	tset		der Zoo (zoo) ziehen (pull) sit en (sit) der Kranz (wreath) das Holz (wood)
Ä ä		[ε]	ä hnlich (similar) der Bär (bear) gähnen (to yawn) der Ka se (cheese)
Ö ö			Ö sterreich (Austria) lo sen (decide) bö se (evil) dasÖl (oil)
Ü ü			ü blich (regular) ü ber (over) die Bu hne (stage) die Tür (door)
	Es		der Fu ß (leg) drauß en (outside) reiß en (tear) beiß en (to bite)