slide 1
slide 2
Babylonia, or Babylonian kingdom The ancient kingdom in the south of Mesopotamia (the territory of modern Iraq), which arose at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. and lost its independence in 539 BC. e .. The capital of the kingdom was the city of Babylon, after which it received its name. The Semitic people of the Amorites, the founders of Babylonia, inherited the culture of the previous kingdoms of Mesopotamia - Sumer and Akkad. State language Babylonia had a written Semitic Akkadian language, and a disused unrelated language Sumerian long preserved as a cult.
slide 3
Babylon The city of Babylon was founded in ancient times on the banks of the Euphrates. Its name means "Gate of God". Babylon was one of largest cities ancient world and was the capital of Babylonia, a kingdom that existed for a millennium and a half, and then the power of Alexander the Great.
slide 4
Old Babylonian Period Ancient Babylon arose on the site of the more ancient Sumerian city of Kadingir, whose name was later transferred to Babylon. The first mention of Babylon is contained in the inscription of the Akkadian king Sharkalisharri (XXIII century BC). In the XXII century BC. e. Babylon was conquered and plundered by Shulgi, the king of the Sumerian state of Ur, who subjugated all of Mesopotamia.
slide 5
Middle Babylonian period Under Hammurabi's successor Samsu-ilun (1749-1712 B.C.) e. Kassite tribes attacked Mesopotamia, later forming the Kassite-Amorite state of Khan, which XVI century BC e. controlled most of the country. official name The state of the Kassites was Karduniash. Its kings in the XV-XIV centuries. BC e. owned vast territories of the Lower Euphrates valley, the Syrian steppe - up to the borders of Egyptian possessions in southern Syria. The reign of Burna-Buriash II (c. 1366-1340 BC) was the apogee of Kassite power, but after his reign, a 150-year period of Babylonian-Assyrian wars begins. The Kassite dynasty was finally defeated by the Elamites around 1150 BC. e.
slide 6
Neo-Babylonian period Babylon reached its greatest prosperity during the period of the Neo-Babylonian kingdom (626-538 BC). Under Nebuchadnezzar II (604-561 BC), new rich buildings and powerful defensive structures appeared in Babylon.
Slide 7
“...Babylon was built like this ... It lies on a vast plain, forming a quadrangle, each side of which is 120 stadia (21,312 m) long. The circumference of all four sides of the city is 480 stadia (85,248 m). Babylon was not only a very large city, but also the most beautiful of all the cities that I know. First of all, the city is surrounded by a deep, wide and full of water moat, then there is a wall 50 royal (Persian) cubits (26.64 m) wide and 200 (106.56 m) high. The royal cubit is 3 fingers larger than usual (55.5 cm) ... Herodotus about Babylon
Slide 8
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Hanging Gardens Semiramis, also known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Unfortunately, this marvelous architectural creation has not survived to this day, but the memory of it still lives on.
Slide 9
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The date of the destruction of the Gardens of Babylon coincides with the time of the decline of Babylon. After the death of Alexander the Great, the fairy-tale city fell into disrepair, the irrigation of the gardens stopped, as a result of a series of earthquakes, the vaults collapsed, and the rain water washed away the foundation. But nevertheless, we will try to tell about the history of this grandiose structure and describe all its charms.
slide 10
The Tower of Babel The Tower of Babel, which at that time was simply a miracle of technology, brought fame to its city. Babylon known from Old Testament, during its three thousand-year history, it was destroyed to the ground three times and each time rose again from the ashes, until it completely fell into decay under the rule of the Persians and Macedonians in the VI-V centuries BC.
slide 11
The Tower of Babel The biblical tradition was dedicated to the Tower of Babel. According to this legend, after the Flood, humanity was represented by one people who spoke the same language. From the east, people came to the land of Shinar (in the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates), where they decided to build a city (Babylon) and a tower as high as heaven in order to "make a name for themselves." The construction of the tower was interrupted by God, who created new languages for different people, because of which they ceased to understand each other, could not continue the construction of the city and the tower, and scattered throughout the earth
slide 12
Babylonian Mathematics The Babylonians wrote in cuneiform characters on clay tablets, which have survived to this day in considerable numbers (more than 500,000, of which about 400 are related to mathematics). Therefore, we have a fairly complete picture of the mathematical achievements of the scientists of the Babylonian state. Note that the roots of the Babylonian culture were largely inherited from the Sumerians - cuneiform writing, counting techniques, etc.
slide 13
Babylonian Mathematics Babylonian 60 Numbers The Sumerians and Babylonians used the 60 positional number system, immortalized in our division of the circle into 360°, the hour into 60 minutes, and the minute into 60 seconds. They wrote, like us, from left to right. However, the recording of the required 60 digits was peculiar. There were only two icons for numbers, let's designate them as E (units) and D (tens); later there was an icon for zero. The numbers from 1 to 9 were depicted as E, EE, .... Next came D, DE, ... DDDDDEEEEEEEE (59). Thus, the number was displayed in positional 60-decimal system, and its 60-digit digits - in additive decimal.
slide 14
Writing The oldest known writing system is the Sumerian script, which later developed into cuneiform. Cuneiform is a writing system in which characters are pressed with a reed stick onto a tablet of wet clay. Cuneiform spread throughout Mesopotamia and became the main writing system of the ancient states of the Near East until the 1st century BC. n. e. The wedge-shaped badge fixes some general concept(find, die, sell), and the system of additional icons is uniquely tied to the designation of any class of items. For example, there is an icon denoting a predatory animal: When using it in any text with the help of icons, the author indicates that it was a specific predatory animal: a lion ↓↓ or a bear.
slide 15
Culture of Mesopotamia Many sources testify to the high astronomical and mathematical achievements of the Sumerians, their building art (it was the Sumerians who built the world's first step pyramid). They are the authors of the most ancient calendar, recipe guide, library catalogue.
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Culture of Mesopotamia The Babylonian (actually, Old Babylonian) kingdom united the north and south - the regions of Sumer and Akkad, becoming the heir to the culture of the ancient Sumerians. The city of Babylon reached its pinnacle when King Hammurabi (reigned 1792-1751 BC) made it the capital of his kingdom.
slide 17
Culture of Mesopotamia The Babylonians contributed to world culture positional number system, an accurate time measurement system, they were the first to divide an hour into 60 minutes, and a minute into 60 seconds, learned to measure the area geometric shapes, to distinguish stars from planets and dedicated each day of the seven-day week “invented” by them to a separate deity (traces of this tradition are preserved in the names of the days of the week in the Romance languages). The Babylonians also left to their descendants astrology, the science of the alleged connection of human destinies with the arrangement of heavenly bodies. All this is far from a complete enumeration of the heritage of Babylonian culture in our everyday life.
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Architecture There are few trees and stone in Mesopotamia, so the first building material were mud bricks from a mixture of clay, sand and straw. The architecture of Mesopotamia is based on secular (palaces) and religious (ziggurats) monumental structures and buildings. The first of the temples of Mesopotamia that have come down to us date back to the 4th-3rd millennia BC. e. These powerful cult towers, called ziggurats (ziggurat - holy mountain), were square and resembled a stepped pyramid. The steps were connected by stairs, along the edge of the wall there was a ramp leading to the temple. The walls were painted black (asphalt), white (lime) and red (brick).
slide 19
Architecture A constructive feature of monumental architecture was going from the 4th millennium BC. e. the use of artificially erected platforms, which is explained, perhaps, by the need to isolate the building from the dampness of the soil, moistened by spills, and at the same time, probably, by the desire to make the building visible from all sides. Another feature based on an equally ancient tradition, was broken line walls formed by ledges. Windows, when they were made, were placed at the top of the wall and looked like narrow slits. Buildings were also illuminated through a doorway and a hole in the roof. The coverings were mostly flat, but the vault was also known.
slide 20
Architecture Residential buildings discovered by excavations in the south of Sumer had an open courtyard around which covered rooms were grouped. This layout, which corresponded to the climatic conditions of the country, formed the basis for the palace buildings of the southern Mesopotamia. In the northern part of Sumer, houses were found that had a central room with a ceiling instead of an open courtyard.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Topic: “Ancient Babylon. Laws of Hammurabi. Communal government agency « high school No. 44 of the education department of the Akimat of the Merken district "
2 slide
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The purpose of the lesson: - educational: to create conditions for the assimilation of knowledge about the emergence, flourishing of a powerful state in the interfluve of the Tigris and Euphrates Babylon; - developing: work on development oral speech set goals for the lesson, apply their knowledge to solve problematic problems; express your point of view; - educational: to create conditions for educating schoolchildren respect for creative work, on the example of the first code of laws of Hammurabi, to educate respect for the laws of the state.
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Tasks: Subject: - to organize the work of students in the study of the ancient code of laws of the Babylonian king Hammurabi; - Investigating and comparing individual laws of King Hammurabi, illustrate to students the thesis about the social inequality of society. - to develop the ability to work in a group, to negotiate, to develop the thinking, speech of students, the ability to analyze individual articles of laws, to draw conclusions. Interdisciplinary (universal learning activities): - Cognitive: through independent research work with the articles of the law, through analysis and logical conclusions, answer questions and solve the problem of the “justice” of the laws of King Hammurabi. - Regulatory: act in accordance with the task, make adjustments to the actions of students (when working with the timeline, at the stage of primary consolidation, reflection, etc.) - Communicative: be able to work in a group, cooperate, negotiate, control their actions and learn to analyze group activities. Personal: - orient students to the ability to organize their activities in the classroom, to understand the reasons for success in their studies - to form a respectful attitude towards other people's opinions
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Test: 1. The great rivers of Mesopotamia: A) Nile and Araxes B) Tigris and Ganges C) Tigris and Euphrates D) Nile and Indus 2. The first inhabitants of Mesopotamia were called: A) Libyans and Egyptians B) Persians and Medes C) Jews and Assyrians D ) Sumerians and Akkadians 3. The founder of the Sumerian-Akkadian kingdom was: A) Sharukkin B) Patesi C) Nabanda D) Uruk 4. The Sumerian-Akkadian state reached its peak during the reign of: A) Naramsin B) Gutei C) Elam D) Urartu 5 Basically, the Sumerians built houses from: A) stone B) wood C) brick D) reed
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Ancient Babylon Babylon The largest city ancient Mesopotamia, the capital of the Babylonian kingdom in the 19th-6th centuries. BC, the most important commercial and cultural center of Asia Minor. Babylon comes from the Akkadian words "Bab-ilu" - "Gate of God". Ancient Babylon arose on the site of the more ancient Sumerian city of Kadingir, whose name was later transferred to Babylon.
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N A S E L E N I E The oldest settlements discovered in Babylonia proper near modern Jemdet Nasr and ancient city Kish, belong to the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. The population here was mainly engaged in fishing, cattle breeding and agriculture. Crafts developed. Stone tools were gradually replaced by copper and bronze ones.
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SLAVE OWNERSHIP Slave owners looked at slaves like cattle, imposing on them the stigma of property. All lands were considered to belong to the king. A significant part of them was in the use of rural communities and was cultivated by free community members.
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The ancient Babylonian state reached its peak in the reign of Hammurabi (1792-50 BC). Hammurabi's code lists bread, wool, butter, and dates as trade items. In addition to small retail, there was also wholesale trade. The development of trade entailed further social stratification of rural communities and inevitably led to the development of slavery. Great importance had a patriarchal family in which developed ancient species domestic slavery: the head of the family had to obey all its members. Children were often sold into slavery.
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Conquests of Babylon The first mention of Babylon is contained in the inscription of the Akkadian king Sharkalisharri (23 century BC). Babylon was conquered and sacked by Shulgi, the king of Ur, the Sumerian state that subjugated all of Mesopotamia. In the 19th century descended from the Amorites (a Semitic people who came from the southwest), the first king of the first Babylonian dynasty, Sumuabum, conquered Babylon and made it the capital of the Babylonian kingdom. At the end of the 8th c. Babylon was conquered by the Assyrians and, as punishment for the rebellion, in 689 it was completely destroyed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib. After 9 years, the Assyrians began to rebuild Babylon.
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1. What is the law? The rules by which they live in the state. 2. What do you think, were there laws in Ancient Babylon? King Hammurabi drew up the first laws in antiquity, and they were carved on a high stone slab, which has survived to this day and is now kept in the Louvre Museum. We fix the versions on the board: 1) agreed; 2) general rules(laws of life): 3) so that there is order 3. And why do you think these rules - laws arose? What assumptions will you have, versions of the solution to the problem?
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Two rivers flow in Mesopotamia: E_ _ _ _ t and T _ _ r. The country lying between the Euphrates and the Tigris is called D_ _ _ _ _ _ e or M _ _ _ _ _ _ ya. The king of the city of Uruk was a favorite hero of legends. His name was G _ _ _ _ _ _ sh. The letter that arose in ancient times in the Southern Mesopotamia is called k _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b. The famous Babylonian king was H _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and. He ruled from __________ to ________ BC. Task number 1
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Description of the slide:
Let's start by marking the dates of the reign of King Hammurabi on the time tape and find out how many years he ruled in Babylon. We work in notebooks on p. 45 task number 54, and 1 student - at the blackboard. BC. AD _______1792__________1750__________________ РХ____________________________2012 __ Assignment No. 2 2) How many years did King Hammurabi rule? Answer: 1792-1750=42 years King Hammurabi ruled in Babylon. 1) How many years ago did the reign of King Hammurabi begin? Answer: 1792+2012=3804 years ago King Hammurabi began to rule. 3) What year precedes 1792 and what comes after it? Answer: 1793 B.C. - preceded by; 1791 BC - next after 1792
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Research in groups with documents: "From the laws of King Hammurabi"): 1st gr. – document 1: “(p. 1) If a person swore an oath accused someone of murder, but did not prove it, then the accuser should be punished ... (p. 3) If a person spoke in court for perjury, then this person should be punished ... (p. 5) If the judge examined the case, made a decision, and then changed it, then this judge should be expelled from the judicial chair and punished with a heavy fine. Questions for paper 1: Come up with a title for the first paragraph of the law. Why do you think King Hammurabi begins his laws with him? What are the requirements for a judge? What qualities should a judge have?
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Research work in groups with documents: "From the laws of King Hammurabi"): 2nd gr. - document 2: “(p. 218) If a doctor performed a heavy operation on a person with a bronze knife and killed him, then the doctor needs to chop off his hands ... (p. 237) If a person hired a boatman and a boat and loaded it with goods, and this boatman sank the ship and destroyed everything that was in it, then the boatman must compensate everything ... (n. 239) If the builder built the house, and he collapsed and killed the owner, then this builder should be executed. Questions for paper 2: Make a conclusion about the level of development of medicine in ancient Babylon. What information about the occupations of the inhabitants of ancient Babylon did you get from Document 2? Were severe punishments applied in the Babylonian kingdom?
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Research work in groups with documents: "From the laws of King Hammurabi"): 3rd gr. – document 3: “(clause 8) If a person stole either an ox, or a sheep, or a slave, then he must pay a fine. If he has nothing to pay, then he should be executed ... (p. 117) If a person sold his wife, son, daughter into slavery for debts, then they should be in slavery for three years, and on the fourth they will be set free ... (p. 282) If a slave said to his master, “You are not my master,” then the master must prove that it is his slave, and then he can cut off the ear of the slave.” Questions for Document 3: Who could be called a slave in ancient Babylon? What were the ways to get into slavery? What was the position of slaves in ancient Babylon? Trainers do a good enough job with this work and answer the questions, the answers to which they found in the documents.
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Invincible slavery Slavery has reached a significant development. The cost of a slave was low and equaled the wages of an ox (168 grams of silver). Slaves were sold, exchanged, donated, passed on by inheritance. The laws protected the interests of slave owners in every possible way, they severely punished obstinate slaves, established punishments for runaway slaves, and threatened severe punishments for their harborers.
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20 slide
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Babylon reached its greatest dawn during the period of the New Babylonian kingdom (626-538 BC). Nebuchadnezzar II (604-561 BC) adorned Babylon with luxurious buildings and powerful defensive structures. In 538, Babylon was taken by the troops of the Persian king Cyrus, in 331 Alexander the Great took possession of it, in 312 Babylon was captured by one of the commanders of Alexander the Great, Seleucus, who resettled most of its inhabitants in the city of Seleucia founded by him nearby. By 2nd c. AD only ruins remained on the site of Babylon.
Babylonia, or the Babylonian kingdom
or
Ancient
kingdom
on
south
Mesopotamia
(territory
modern realm
Iraq), which arose
Babylonian
at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. and lost
independence in 539 BC. e.. the capital
kingdom was the city of Babylon, according to which it
got a name. Amorite Semitic people,
founders
Babylonia
inherited
the culture of the previous kingdoms of Mesopotamia -
Sumer and Akkad. State language
Babylonia
was
writing
Semitic
Akkadian language, but obsolete
unrelated Sumerian language for a long time
maintained as a cult.
Babylon
The city of Babylon wasfounded in deep
antiquities on the shore
Euphrates. His name
means "Gate of God".
Babylon was one
from major cities
of the ancient world and was
capital of Babylonia
kingdoms,
existed
a millennium and a half
then powers
Alexandra
Macedonian.
Old Babylonian period
Ancient Babylon arosesite of an older
Sumerian city
Kadingir, name
which was subsequently
transferred to Babylon.
The first mention of
Babylon is contained in
inscriptions of the Akkadian king
Sharkalisharri (XXIII century BC
n. e.). In the XXII century BC. e.
Babylon was conquered and
plundered by Shulgi, the king
Sumerian state
Hurray, subjugated the whole
Mesopotamia.
Middle Babylonian period
Under the successor of Hammurabi Samsuilun (1749-1712 BC) in1742 BC e. to Mesopotamia
Kassite tribes collapsed,
later formed the Cassito-Amorite state of Khan,
which by the 16th century BC e.
controlled most of
countries.
official name
the state of the Kassites was
Karduniash. Its kings in the XV-XIV centuries.
BC e. owned extensive
territories of the Lower
Euphrates, Syrian steppe - all the way
to the borders of Egyptian possessions in
Southern Syria. The reign of BurnaBuriash II (c. 1366-1340 BC)
e.) was the apogee of the Kassite
power, but after it
reign comes 150 years
period of the Babylonian-Assyrian wars.
Definitive Kassite dynasty
was defeated by the Elamites about
1150 BC e.
Neo-Babylonian period
greatestheyday babylon
reached during
Neo-Babylonian
kingdoms (626-538 to
n. e.). At
Nebuchadnezzar II
(604-561 BC)
Babylon appeared
new rich
buildings and powerful
defensive
structures.
Herodotus on Babylon
“…Babylon was built like this…Lies on a vast plain,
forming a quadrilateral
each side of which is 120
stages (21,312 m) of length.
The circumference of all four
sides of the city is 480
stadia (85,248 m). Babylon
was not only very large
city, but also the most beautiful
from all the cities that I
I know. First of all, the city
surrounded by deep, wide and
moat full of water, then
there is a wall 50 wide
royal (Persian) cubits
(26.64 m), and a height of 200
(106.56 m). Royal elbow
3 fingers more
ordinary (55.5 cm) ...
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Hanging GardensSemiramis, famous
also called
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
are one of seven
Wonders of the World. TO
unfortunately it's amazing
architectural creation
did not reach our
days, but the memory of him
still lives.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Date of destruction of the gardensSemiramis coincides with
time of decline
Babylon. After the demise
Alexander the Great
fairy tale city came to
desolation, irrigation
gardens stopped,
result of the series
earthquakes
vaults collapsed, and the waters
rain washed away
foundation. But still we
let's try to talk about
history of this
grand structure
and describe everything
charms.
tower of babel
tower of babel,which therefore
time was just
miracle of technology
brought fame to
city. Babylon,
known from the Old
Testament, for your
three thousand years
history three times
destroyed before
bases and each
once again rose from
ashes until completely
did not fall
under Persian rule
Macedonians in VI-V
centuries BC
Babel Tower
Babylonian baoshne wasbiblical
tradition. According to this
legend, after the World
flood mankind was
represented by one
people who spoke
one language. people from the east
came to the land of Shinar (in
lower reaches of the Tigris and
Euphrates), where they decided
build a city (Babylon) and
sky high tower
to make a name for himself.
The construction of the tower was
interrupted by God, who
created new languages for
different people, which is why
they no longer understand
each other, couldn't
continue building
cities and towers and scattered
all over the earth
Babylonian mathematics
The Babylonians wrotecuneiform characters on
clay tablets,
which are largely
number reached our
days (more than 500,000, of which
about 400 associated with
mathematics). That's why we
we have a fairly complete
picture of
mathematical
achievements of scientists
Babylonian state.
Note that the roots
the cultures of the Babylonians were
to a large extent
inherited from the Sumerians -
cuneiform writing,
counting technique, etc.
Babylonian mathematics
Babylonian 60 digitsSumerians and Babylonians
used 60
positional system
reckoning, immortalized in
our 360° division of the circle,
hours into 60 minutes and minutes into
60 seconds. They wrote like
we, from left to right. However
write required 60 digits
was peculiar. Icons
there were only two for numbers,
let's denote them by E (units) and D
(tens); appeared later
icon for zero. Numbers from 1 to
9 were depicted as E, EE, ....
Next came D, DE, ...
DDDDDEEEEEEEE (59). So
Thus, the number was displayed in
positional 60-decimal
system, and its 60-decimal
numbers - in additive
decimal.
Writing
oldest known writingsystem is Sumerian
writing, later
developed into cuneiform.
Cuneiform is a writing system
at which signs are squeezed out
reed stick on a plate
from raw clay. Cuneiform
spread to everything
Mesopotamia and became the main
writing of ancient states
Near East up to the 1st c. n.
e. wedge icon fixes
some general concept (find,
die, sell), and the system
additional icons
clearly linked to
designation of a class
items. For example, there is
predatory icon
animal: When using it
in any text with
icons the author indicates that this
there was a specific predatory animal:
lion ↓↓ or bear .
Culture of Mesopotamia
cultureMany Mesopotamia
sources
testify to
high
astronomical and
mathematical
achievements of the Sumerians,
their construction
art (namely
the Sumerians built
first in the world
stepped pyramid).
They are the authors
ancient calendar,
prescription
directory,
library catalog.
Culture of Mesopotamia
Babylonian(actually,
Old Babylonian)
kingdom united
north and south - areas
Sumer and Akkad, becoming
heir of culture
ancient Sumerians.
The city of Babylon has reached
heights of greatness
when King Hammurabi
(reigned 1792-1751
gg. BC e.) made it
its capital
kingdoms.
Culture of Mesopotamia
The Babylonians brought into the worldculture positional system
numerals, exact system
measurements of time
were the first to divide an hour by 60
minutes, and a minute into 60 seconds,
learned to measure area
geometric shapes,
distinguish stars from planets and
devoted every day to them
"invented" seven-day
weeks to an individual deity
(traces of this tradition
preserved in the names of days
weeks in Romance languages).
Left by the Babylonians to posterity
and astrology, the science of
alleged connection
human fates
arrangement of heavenly
luminaries. All this is far from
full heritage listing
Babylonian culture in our
everyday life.
Architecture
There are few trees in Mesopotamia andstone, so the first
building material were
mixed raw bricks
clay, sand and straw. basis
architecture of Mesopotamia
make up secular (palaces) and
religious (ziggurats)
monumental buildings and
building. The first to reach
us temples of Mesopotamia
belong to IV-III millennia
BC e. These powerful cult
towers called
ziggurats (ziggurat - holy
mountain), were square and
resembled a stepped
pyramid. Steps connected
stairs, walked along the edge of the wall
ramp leading to the temple. Walls
dyed black
(asphalt), white (lime) and
red (brick) colors.
Architecture
Design featuremonumental architecture
was coming from the 4th millennium
BC e. application
artificially erected
platforms, which is explained
perhaps a necessity
isolate the building from moisture
spill-wet soil,
and at the same time probably
desire to make a building
visible from all sides. Another
characteristic based on
on an equally ancient tradition,
there was a broken line of the wall,
formed by protrusions. Window,
when they were made
placed at the top
walls and looked like narrow cracks.
The buildings were also illuminated through
doorway and opening
roof. Coatings in general
were flat, but was also known
vault.
Architecture
Discoveredexcavations in the south
Sumerian residential buildings
had an internal
open yard around
which grouped
covered premises. This
layout,
corresponding
climatic conditions
countries, formed the basis and
palace buildings
southern Mesopotamia. IN
northern part of Sumer
found at home
which instead of open
courtyard had a central
overhead room.
slide 1
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
slide 2
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is the second of the seven wonders of the world and the least explored by scientists. Unfortunately, this marvelous architectural creation has not survived to this day. What is known is that they were legendary city Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia) - Babylon, and their creator is the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC).
slide 3
In the 6th century BC, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the construction of marvelous gardens for his beloved wife Amitis. She was a Median princess and in dusty, noisy Babylon, located on a bare sandy plain, she longed for the green hills of her homeland. The king, in order to please his beloved, decided to create fabulous gardens.
slide 4
The very name of the miracle - Hanging Gardens - misleads us. Gardens did not hang in the air! And they were not even supported by ropes, as they used to think. The gardens were rather not hanging, but protruding.
slide 5
The Hanging Gardens were amazing - trees, shrubs and flowers from all over the world grew in noisy and dusty Babylon. The plants were located as they should have grown in their natural environment: lowland plants - on the lower terraces, high-mountain ones - on the higher ones. Trees such as palm, cypress, cedar, boxwood, plane tree, oak were planted in the Gardens.
slide 6
Slide 7
The Hanging Gardens had the shape of a pyramid, consisting of four tiers in the form of protruding balconies, which were supported by columns up to 25 meters high. The lower tier had the shape of an irregular quadrangle. All tiers were planted with beautiful plants. Seeds were brought to Babylon from all over the world. The pyramid looked like an evergreen flowering hill.
Slide 8
Slide 9
To prevent seepage of irrigation water, the surface of each platform was first covered with a layer of reeds and asphalt, then bricks, lead slabs were laid, fertile land was laid on them with a thick carpet, where vegetation was planted. The gardens are formed from arched vaults laid out in a checkerboard pattern in several rows.
Slide 10
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The pyramid looked like an ever-blooming hill. For the people of that time, the most surprising was not only the design of the gardens, but also the irrigation system. Pipes were placed in the cavity of one of the columns. Day and night, hundreds of slaves turned the wheel with leather buckets, pumping water upward, pumping it from the river. Magnificent gardens with rare trees, flowers and coolness in sultry Babylon were truly a miracle.
