In almost all religions of the world, the light and good beginning is opposed by the dark and evil. In Egyptian mythology, this role is assigned to Set (Sethu, Sutekh). True, there are still dark cosmic forces, for example, the serpent Apep. But they can be identified with the elements, while Set is endowed with human negative qualities, in particular, deceit, cruelty, envy, and appears most often in human form.
Although in this case there were serious contradictions and logical absurdities, and Set was sometimes given positive features, most often he acted as the personification of the evil inclination, the killer of Osiris, the harmful god of the desert, hostile "foreign countries".
According to his genealogy, Set belonged to the highest caste of the gods: he was the third child (after Osiris and Isis) of Geb and Nut. The fourth child - Neftida - according to some myths, was his wife. By right of his birth, Set could claim royal power, but only after the death of his elder brother. The lust for power led Seth to a crime - the murder of Osiris. According to one version, Set's wife cheated on him with Osiris and gave birth to Anubis (the god of embalming and patron of the dead). In this case, we can assume the motive of Set's jealousy of Osiris.
There are grounds for such an assumption. In one of the most remarkable legends of Ancient Egypt - "About two brothers" the action takes place both on earth, among people, and in the world of the gods. The main characters have the names of the gods: Anupu (Anubis) and Bata - a shepherd, later taking the form of a bull (although at first he is likened to a bull in strength and endurance). The insidious wife of Anupu, after an unsuccessful attempt to seduce Batu, slanders him, and the older brother, in a fit of jealousy, almost kills the younger brother...
We also cited this story because its example clearly shows how myths and legends change, what complex connections they can intertwine with each other. Moreover, there are "typical", so-called wandering plots, passing from century to century, from country to country. One of them is associated with the struggle for the throne, which forms the central core of the story of Set and Osiris.
Unsuspecting Osiris, Set caught in a trap (lured him into a painted box). Set tried to poison the young son of Isis, Horus, by turning into a snake. However, the child grew up and challenged the killer of his father, who occupied the Egyptian throne by wrong. In a furious fight, Seth managed to snatch the Eye from Horus.
Here again a digression and explanation are required. In this case, the Eye is written with capital letter, because it is not just a natural eye, but also a magical, divine one. Often the Eye of Ra was called the Sun (and the second Eye - the Moon). However, the mystical meaning of the Eye of Horus helps to understand the amulet with that name. It was worn by the living (but also laid to the dead). Thus, a person acquired the favor of heaven and, above all, the divine Sun, which gives strength, vigor, health, and safety.
According to R. Antes, the Eye was identical to the snake Urey, the image of which was attached to the front part of the king's crown or on the forehead to the head scarf. This symbol royal power was a magical talisman that protected the pharaoh and ensured peace and order in the lands subject to him. In this case, the period during which Set took possession of the Eye of Horus should be interpreted as a time of chaos and unrest in the country (“ Time of Troubles"). On the other hand, the rise of Set can also be interpreted as an allegory of the victorious invasion of foreigners from the deserts that framed the fertile Nile valley.
However, in any case, one cannot fully rely on a rational, extremely logical explanation of mythological events. They could mean not only earthly, but also heavenly phenomena. In some cases, the Moon was called the Eye of Horus, and its disappearance from the sky meant that this Eye was stolen by Set ... But too often, individual myths about certain gods (heroes) are not interconnected by the unity of the plot and characters, their thoughts and characters . These are not fragments of some grandiose work, but separate narratives in which the author's individuality is manifested and reflects - sometimes in a bizarre poetic or fantastic form - the current events of those distant centuries. Often the researcher, according to the rules scientific analysis, introduces order, harmony and completeness into disparate myths, which in the aggregate do not possess such qualities.
Nevertheless, when it comes to a completed work, their analysis yields interesting results. Let us refer to R. Antes. He believed that many myths and legends belonged to the category of entertaining writings. “The most sophisticated and lengthy example of this kind of literature,” he wrote, “is the story of the struggle between Horus and Set for the right to reign in Egypt. It greatly expands our knowledge of mythological details, since it details episodes to which we find only allusions in other sources. Moreover, it sheds light on the question of how mythological narratives arose. All characters of this story are divine beings, as is to be expected in the Egyptian text, but they are all perfectly human-like, including the sorceress Isis.
The center of the story is trial between the clumsy, manly guy Seth, acting as the brother of Isis, and the smart child Horus, who is helped by his resourceful mother. The lawsuit is, of course, due to the heritage of Osiris - the royal power that Horus and Isis demand by law, and Set by the right of the strong ... The story begins with a court decision, and in the end it happily ends the story of the dispute with the coronation of Horus as king Egypt. Characteristic ending - the appearance of Seth, reconciled to his fate ... Since the decision is final, he willingly obeys him, and he is assigned to Ra ... so that Seth stays with him, like a son, a formidable fighter in the solar boat.
Significantly, the lawsuit is described as a long litigation involving many gods. Therefore, Antey called this story a parody of slow trials and red tape. One of the petty gods (from among the judges) offends Ra, and he lies down in his tent and pouts, acts up, until the arrival of his daughter Hathor (Hator), who appeared naked before him, made him laugh. Events like this prolong the legal process. Isis insults Set and he refuses to attend the trial while Isis is there. The trial is transferred to an island where it is forbidden to transport women, but Isis overcomes the ban by cunning. It was decided to end the dispute with a duel, for which Set and Horus turn into hippos. Isis strikes Seth with a spear, but immediately repents, pitying her brother, and cures him. For this Horus beheads his mother. Seth overcomes him and pulls out the Eye. Isis this time helps her son (as if he had not cut off her head). The next competition - on the rooks - with the help of Isis, Horus wins. But the final decision, as it turns out, does not depend on all these trials, but on the opinion of Osiris, who testifies in favor of his son Horus.
According to the ethnographer S.A. Tokareva: “This myth reflects not only a well-known phenomenon of nature - the struggle of the evil forces of the desert with the fertility of the valley, but also social motives: the son of Osiris disputes his heritage with his brother (family versus family).” As you can see, these versions do not so much deny as complement the explanation that was proposed by Antes. After all, even if this myth is predominantly a literary, and partly a satirical work, the most different topics. One of them, the most ancient, is connected with the division of Egypt into the Upper and Lower kingdoms.
The pharaohs of the second dynasty were called "Horus and Set" or "Two Falcons". According to this version, Set was the ruler of Upper Egypt (where deserts predominate), and Horus was the ruler of Lower. During ancient kingdom Set was not at all the embodiment of evil and deceit. He was endowed with valor and strength, for he was credited with saving Ra from the monstrous serpent Apophis: being on a solar boat, Set hit this enemy with a harpoon.
The main sacred animals of Set were the donkey and the pig (“abomination for the gods”), as well as the antelope and the giraffe.
During the invasion of the Hyksos, Set acquired the features of a negative character, alien to the Nile valley. His name was associated with the titles of the pharaohs of the 19th dynasty and meant "powerful". Gradually, Set acquired more and more distinct features of an evil and insidious god. It got to the point that now he was sometimes identified with Apophis!
Such "shifters" are quite characteristic of spiritual culture. It is believed that those animals that were originally revered as sacred (echoes of totemic beliefs) and whose meat was forbidden for this reason, subsequently turned into “dirty”, “unclean”, not pleasing to the gods (perhaps in the fight against archaic religious remnants ).
As you can see, initially the gods were presented as similar to people, they had contradictory features, which is natural for living characters, not symbols. Over time, however, there was a distance of the images of the gods from people (and also, let us add, the natural elements). Now the gods began to live their own special lives, and the contradictory legends about them required a certain order. As a result, the image of Set, in particular, turned into the personification of evil, approaching the image of the biblical Satan.
In this sense, the consciousness of people could reflect the process of ever-increasing desertification of the territories adjacent to the Nile Valley. This continued for about ten millennia due to human activities (primarily burning and cutting down vegetation). By creating deserts, man simultaneously created the image of an evil and cruel deity, which embodied not so much natural as human traits.
God Set in Ancient Egypt initially did not have a negative connotation. For the ancient Egyptians, it was rage, chaos, sandstorms, war. He was depicted with the head of a donkey or aardvark: long ears, red mane and eyes. Red was considered by the Egyptians the color of death, because the sand of the desert had the same shade (despite the fact that there were other shades). However, there is no opinion about which animal is the exact representation of Set. His sacred animals were a pig, a giraffe, an antelope, but the donkey was considered the main one.
In the ancient period, Set was the personification of the power of the rulers of Egypt. This fact is reflected in ancient documents and names worn by the pharaohs of the II dynasty. At the time of the capture of part of the Egyptian lands by the Hyksos, he was equated with their main deity, the capital of the state of Avaris became the place of worship for him.
The ancient Egyptians admired and lauded Set's masculinity, agility, and militancy. Therefore, his name had the epithet "mighty". As a result, the pharaohs were given the name "Networks". In order to enlist the patronage of this deity, they worshiped him, built temples within the boundaries of the palaces of the pharaohs, wore various decorations that had his image.
For the first time, drawings associated with Set were found during the reign of Nakada I. Items bearing his images were found in the Nakada area. Ombos was considered the birthplace of Set, and his necropolis was located in Naqada. At that time, he was especially revered in Upper Egypt, and there were no unpleasant features in his personality yet. Set was considered the patron of the southern Egyptian lands.
In the period preceding the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, there was a struggle between the worshipers of Set and Horus. The supporters of Horus won, so since then, if these two gods were depicted together, Horus was ahead of Set. He was worshiped in the following areas of Egypt:
- Ombose;
- Kom Ombose;
- Gipsele;
- the oases of Dakhla and Kharga;
- in the northeastern Nile Delta.
Seth is the youngest son of the goddess Nut, who was considered the mistress of the sky, and the god Geb, the ruler of the earth. He had a brother Osiris and sisters Isis and Nephthys, the latter became his wife. The day when he appeared was in Ancient Egypt the third New Year's Eve and was considered unfavorable among the Egyptians. On this day, they did not start new business and tried not to start anything at all.
Initially, Set was considered the protector of the god Ra and helped him in the fight against Apep. He was the only one of the gods who could defeat Apep in the darkness. In addition to Nephthys, the goddess Taurt (the patroness of childbearing) was also the wife of Set. The beginning of the manifestation of the evil inclination in this deity was the thirst for power. In the mythology of the ancient Egyptians, this can be seen in the cycle of tales about Osiris and Horus.
Osiris gained power over ancient Egypt because he was the elder brother. But his younger brother became envious, he wanted to get even more power, he considered himself worthy of Osiris. Therefore, Seth decided to kill his brother, and after that Osiris' wife Isis had to hide with the son of Horus from the evil deity. But the time came when Horus grew up, became a strong and courageous young man and challenged Seth to battle.
During the duel, the god of rage, chaos and sandstorms deprives the young man of his eyes. But Horus manages to castrate Seth, which deprives him of the last masculine principle. Subsequently, the lands he ruled were desolate and devoid of life as a sign of what Horus had done to Set. They fought for a long time, and the gods got tired of watching their duel.
Then they proposed to arrange a competition that would determine who was worthy to rule Egypt. As a result, Gore was declared the winner. The further fate of Seth has several interpretations, which was chosen based on the desire to exalt those facts that were close to personal ideals. There are two more versions of why Horus won the victory in ancient Egyptian legends.
Set began to be considered an evil deity during the New Kingdom, when the Hyksos conquered the North. They revered him, a cult reigned in their lands, temples were built. After this event, Set became associated with foreigners, which strengthened his negative traits. After the unification of the Egyptian lands, the pharaohs neglected the worship of Set, but later it resumed, and some began to give the names of this deity.
The god Set in ancient Egypt has a controversial meaning for the Egyptians. On the one hand, he is the personification of chaos, war, sandstorms, but, on the other hand, he is the embodiment of strength, militancy and masculinity. His elevation to the rank of an evil deity is associated with historical events, such as the expulsion of foreigners from the northern lands of Egypt. The legends of Set are an indication that ancient Egyptian mythology is multifaceted, as are the beliefs of other ancient civilizations.
In all Christian translations, textbooks and catechisms, the Hebrew divine name "El Shaddai" is translated as God Almighty or Omnipotent. Is this so, and isn't it time to open the dictionaries to check the correctness of the generally accepted interpretation?
If we take the Septuagint, otherwise called the LXX translation of the interpreters (done under Ptolemy II Philadelphus), and let's see what word this name was translated into Greek, we will immediately find that the ancient Jewish hakams gave it a different meaning. They interpreted it as "Blessed" (εὐλογ
ή σαι), "Satisfied" (εὐαρ
έ στει) and a number of other epithets. However, in Greek, the exact equivalent of the name "Almighty" can only be the word "Pantocrator" (παντα - everything; κρατος - power, strength, power)! But in the Septuagint El Shaddai never is not translated by the word Pantocrator. Why did it happen so?
In fact, the word "Shaddai" has a completely different etymology. "Shaddai" (Š addy ) in Hebrew comes from the verb šadad, which means plunder, rape, appropriate, steal, devastate, exterminate, and from š od – violence, robbery, death attack. š is produced from the same root ed - in Hebrew demon, demon, evil. However, "Shed" and "Shaddai" are not Hebrew names, they are also borrowed, and etymologically ascend, apparently, to the name of Set or Seth - the Egyptian god of chaos, death, disorder, desert and all evil. This deity has its analogues in other Asian cultures, as will become clear from the following.
Evidently the translators of the Bible Greek language hired by the Jerusalem Sanhedrin deliberately concealed the true meaning of the name El Shaddai in order to leave the true Egyptian the origin of his deity is secret from the enlightened Hellenistic world and contemporary Greek rulers, who should not have guessed about this secret.
Set in Egypt and his exile in Asia
Egyptian mythology tells that for the murder of his brother Osiris, Set was expelled from Egypt to Asia and became the patron of the nomadic Semitic tribes, the worst enemies of Egypt. It was he who was worshiped by all the Asiatic nomads and Amorites-essences, who roamed in Mesopotamia and Palestine and took the name "Shetids", after the name of this deity ("sons of Shet" in Numbers 24:17).
Set is an analogue of Satan both mythologically and linguistically, having essentially the same root and functions. In Egypt, he was depicted as an anthropomorphic creature with the head of an unknown animal, similar to a donkey, sometimes in the form of a crocodile, a hippopotamus or a black pig (apparently, from here in the Middle Ages it was customary to depict the Devil with a pig's snout).
He is also known as the serpent god who later merged with the serpent Apep (although in other, earlier depictions, Apep's Set kills). In Greek mythology, Set was associated with Typhon, a dragon-headed serpent, and considered the son of Gaia and Tartarus, that is, the Earth and the Underworld.
Ra in the form of a red cat kills the serpent Apep
But Seth did not immediately become the prototype of Satan. In the early dynastic era, it carried the functions solar, i.e., a bright deity. His cult was spread as early as the 4th millennium BC. e. both in Lower and Upper Egypt, and at that time he was considered the "god of the winds."
Then the power between the gods was divided, and Horus became the patron of Upper, and Set - of Lower Egypt. After the murder of his brother Osiris, his son Horus the Younger begins to avenge his father and eventually deprives Set of power, overthrows the throne of Lower Egypt and castrates him. Thus, Horus becomes the sole ruler of all of Egypt. Religious scholars believe that this myth records the historical process of the unification of Egypt in the era of the Old Kingdom in III millennium BC e.
Both of these great rivals belonged to that generation of deities which disrupted the golden age created by Ra-Atum. Thus, in this myth we see a prototype of the fall of the luminous Angel Lucifer or Dennitsa and his transformation into a dark (night) demon of evil - a legend that later migrated to Judeo-Christianity and whose source is visible in the Bible. So, in Is. 14:12-13 Dennitsa wants to raise her throne "to the farthest north", to place it "above the stars". Set was also associated with the northern constellation Ursa Major, where he was imprisoned forever and received the name "lords of the northern sky."
The war between Horus and Set continued even after Set's flight from Egypt. It was carried out with varying success. Finally, Seth got his revenge when his cult was resurrected in Lower Egypt after it was captured by the Hyksos in the middle of the 17th century. BC e.
Set - the god of Abraham
By origin, Abraham was an Amorite-essence and accordingly worshiped El Shaddai (Gen. 17:1), the Semitic analogue of Set, as all the Shetids did. According to the Bible, the Amorites, however, were "Hamites" descended from the cursed seed of Canaan. Such confusion arose, probably due to the fact that the oldest cradle of the Semitic peoples was located in West Africa(the possessions of Seth), from where they then began to move to Arabia and Bl. East (biblical genealogies confirm this).
The Amorites identified El Shaddai with the Sumerian Sin, among them this deity was known under the name El Amurru or "El Amorite". Mount Sinai got its name from the name of Sin, the lunar deity of the Sumerians, and, as you know, the Semites actively adopted the Mesopotamian gods. This is what the deity of the Semitic race was like and where its origins stretch from. In the history of Abraham, he vividly displays his typical qualities, characteristic of the occupations and morals of this race. The covenant with Abraham is built entirely on the foundation of purely earthly atheistic-materialistic priorities, and all classical Judaism rests on the same foundation.
Amorites and the cult of Seth
As already mentioned, the Amorites also bore the name of the Shetids, otherwise the Sutii. Therefore, in the scientific literature they are usually called "Amorites-essences".
Who are these essences and what does this ethnonym mean?
The word sutiu served in Mesopotamia as a common name for West Semitic pastoral tribes, which is a rendering of the Amorite setiu and means the descendants of a certain Shutu or Sutu. The Amorite Jester is identical with the biblical Shet (in the synod. trans. Seth) (Gen. 4:25, 5:3). It is to Shet, according to the genealogies of the book of Genesis, that all antediluvian and post-Flood "blessed" humanity ascends. Taking into account the fact that the alleged descendants of the biblical Shem, the eldest son of Noah, are in fact "Shetids", the orientalist I.M. Dyakonov suggested that Shem is none other than Shet, identical to the Amorite Jester. That is why in Num. 24:17 the rival Semitic tribes are called "the sons of Seth." They were hostile to the Jews invading Palestine, but we remember that this does not in the least prove their racial divergence. The descendants of the Abraham clan considered themselves "chosen" among all the peoples of the Earth, but all the Near East Semites were no exception in this regard. Their arrogance was expressed in the assertion that only the Semites are blessed (Gen. 9:18-27), while other races remained on the periphery of "God's will" or were cursed.
Shet was revered by the Semitic tribes as the supreme deity under the name Sutekh (Suta or Seth). In Babylonian cuneiform his name appears as Jesters. Given that the consonants "d" / "t" are transitive in language transmission, the word "shed" (demon) and Arabic should also be produced from here. "shaitan" (the Hebrew equivalent is Shetn, Satan). Accordingly, the meaning of the name El Shaddai - the god whom Abraham revered - is Satan.
In Egypt captured by the Hyksos (namely, during their reign, the Jews were in "Egyptian slavery"), priority among the local Egyptian gods was given to Sutekh, whose cult becomes a state one with a center in the capital Avaris. Sutekh was identified with the local Egyptian god Seth (Set), as well as with the Canaanite Baal. According to Plutarch, in Avaris, the Hyksos bowed to Typhon, whom the ancient Greek biographer considers Seth, the patron saint of the adepts of Moses. Plutarch says that it was Typhon who led the Israelites out of Egypt. He also reports that after fleeing from Egypt, Seth became the "father" of Jerusalem and Judah. Since the Jewish historiographer Flavius Josephus, in agreement with Manetho, saw the ancestors of the Jews in the Hyksos, this explains why in Greece and Egypt the donkey was considered a symbol of the Jewish god, identical to Set (whose astral sign was the planet Saturn). However, the donkey is just a symbol of a god who has lost his solar functions, which have passed to Horus. Donkeys are solar animals used in the rituals of Set when he was a solar deity. That is why Jesus made his triumphal entry into Jerusalem on a donkey as a sign that the prerogatives of the solar deity passed to him through Horus, who inherited Set.
Mythological and Biblical Parallels of Set
As already mentioned, in Egyptian mythology, Set is a deity with negative functions. This is an evil god. He is the main opponent of the sun-god Horus, as in Ugarit Mot opposes Baal, among the Greeks Typhon - Zeus, and in Zoroastrianism Angro Mainyu is a rival of Ahura Mazda (according to Egyptian inscriptions, he is also Horus Mezdau).
In Egyptian mythology, the triumph of Horus over Set symbolizes the victory over the Afroasian savages, the expulsion of the Jews from Egypt, the superiority of the Egyptians over the Semites. The motive of the antagonism of civilization and anti-civilization is seen very clearly here, as well as in other cultures of Western Asia and the Mediterranean.
Back to Christian tradition. In Gnostic texts, Satan appears as the angel Samael (Shmuel, Shem-El). Here, too, the identity of word formation is found: Sim (Shem) and Sim-El (Samael), on the one hand, and the Egyptian name of the Hyksos deity Set with the addition -an - Set-an ("the god Set" or Satan, Heb. Shetn, Arabic. Shaitan) or Satn, Saturn, on the other hand. As has been previously established, the name of the biblical patriarch, the forefather of the Semites (Shetids), is not Shem (Shem), but Sheth, or, as translated in the Septuagint, Seth, from whom Noah himself descended, the father of the three main human races in the book of Genesis. Thus, Noah turns out to be a "Semite" in ascending genealogy and at the same time their father in descending.
The Sethian layer in the Bible is visible in the myth of Jacob's thigh injury. In ancient images, Saturn is shown as a lame old man leaning on a staff. According to " Egyptian book dead", with Set, who stole the eye of Horus (symbol of the Sun), the god Thoth fought and, having defeated Set, Thoth injured his thigh, which caused Set to limp. According to the biblical legend, Jacob (the deified ancestor of the Jews, known among the Semitic tribes under the name Jacob El) at night he fought with a certain "husband", but he injured Jacob's thigh, which is essentially a euphemism for castration. Probably, the circumcision ritual itself among the Semites was introduced as a memory of the castration of their ancestral god Set (El Shaddai), who later merged with Yahweh, who already had Canaanite origins.
In ch. Genesis 9 contains two blocks, only the first indicates that God blessed all the sons of Noah. From what follows it follows that Noah gives blessing only to Shem. These two independent sources were then artificially combined into a single narrative.
In fact, the Hyksos themselves (which means not "shepherd kings" at all, but "shepherd kings") were not Semites, but only the ruling elite over various Semitic tribes. Many researchers and scientists consider them to be Indo-Europeans who came from the Aryan kingdom of Mitanni. However, this does not eliminate the fact that the Semites in Avaris worshiped Set.
Let's start.
Osiris, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the productive forces of nature, the lord of the underworld, the judge in the realm of the dead. Osiris was the eldest son of the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut, the brother and husband of Isis. He taught the Egyptians agriculture, viticulture and winemaking, the mining and processing of copper and gold ore, the art of medicine, the construction of cities, and established the cult of the gods.
Usually Osiris was depicted as a man with green skin, sitting among the trees, or with a vine wrapped around his figure. It was believed that, like everything flora, Osiris dies every year and is reborn to a new life, but the fertilizing life force in him remains even in the dead. Myth:
Set, his brother, the evil god of the desert, decided to kill Osiris and made a sarcophagus according to the measurements of his elder brother. Having arranged a feast, he invited Osiris and announced that the sarcophagus would be presented to the one who would fit. When Osiris lay down in the cascophagus, the conspirators slammed the lid, filled it with lead and threw it into the waters of the Nile. (It was normal at that time to pick up a sarcophagus while alive.)
The faithful wife of Osiris, Isis, found the body of her husband, miraculously extracted the life force hidden in it and conceived from the dead Osiris a son named Horus. When Horus grew up, he took revenge on Set. Horus gave his magical Eye, torn out by Set at the beginning of the battle, to be swallowed by his dead father. Osiris came to life, but did not want to return to earth, and, leaving the throne to Horus, began to reign and judge in the afterlife. 
Seth, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the desert, that is, "foreign countries", the personification of the evil inclination, the brother and murderer of Osiris. In the era of the Old Kingdom, Set was revered as a warrior god, assistant to Ra and patron of the pharaohs.
As the personification of war, drought, death, Seth also embodied the evil principle - as the deity of the merciless desert, the god of strangers: he cut down sacred trees, ate the sacred cat of the goddess Bast, and so on.
The sacred animals of Set were considered a pig ("abomination for the gods"), an antelope, a giraffe, and the donkey was the main one. The Egyptians imagined him as a man with a thin long torso and a donkey's head. Some myths attributed to Set the salvation of Ra from the serpent Apep - Set pierced the giant Apep, personifying darkness and evil, with a harpoon. 
Myth:
Seth, envious of his brother Osiris, killed him, and threw his body into the Nile and legally took his throne. But the son of Osiris Horus, long years hiding, wanted to take revenge on Seth and take his throne. Horus and Set fought for eighty years. During one of the battles, Seth tore out his eye from Horus, which later became the great amulet of ujat; Horus castrated Set, depriving him of the main part of his essence. 
Horus or Horus, Horus ("height", "sky"), in Egyptian mythology, the god of heaven and the sun in the guise of a falcon, a man with a falcon's head or a winged sun, the son of the fertility goddess Isis and Osiris, the god of productive forces. His symbol is a solar disk with outstretched wings. Initially, the falcon god was revered as a predatory god of hunting, claws digging into prey. 
Myth:
Isis conceived Horus from the dead Osiris, treacherously killed by the formidable god of the desert Seth, his brother. Having retired deep into the swampy Nile Delta, Isis gave birth and raised a son, who, having matured, in a dispute with Seth, seeks to recognize himself as the sole heir of Osiris.
In the battle with Seth, the killer of his father, Horus is first defeated - Seth tore out his eye, the wonderful Eye, but then Horus defeated Seth and deprived him of his masculinity. As a sign of submission, he placed the sandal of Osiris on Set's head. He gave his wonderful Eye of Horus to be swallowed by his father, and he came to life. The resurrected Osiris gave his throne in Egypt to Horus, and he himself became the king of the underworld. 
Isis or Isis, in Egyptian mythology, the goddess of fertility, water and wind, a symbol of femininity and marital fidelity, the goddess of navigation. Isis helped Osiris civilize Egypt and taught women to reap, spin and weave, heal diseases and established the institution of marriage. When Osiris went to wander the world, Isis replaced him and wisely ruled the country. 
Myth:
Upon hearing of the death of Osiris at the hands of the evil god Seth, Isis was dismayed. She cut her hair, put on mourning clothes and began searching for his body. The children told Isis that they saw a box with the body of Osiris floating down the Nile. The water carried him under a tree that grew on the shore near Byblos, which began to grow rapidly and soon the coffin completely disappeared in its trunk.
Upon learning of this, the king of Byblos ordered the tree to be cut down and brought to the palace, where it was used as a support for the roof in the form of a column. Isis, guessing everything, rushed to Byblos. She dressed poorly and sat by a well in the center of the city. When the queen's servants came to the well, Isis braided their hair and enveloped them in such a fragrance that the queen soon sent for her and took her son as a teacher. Every night, Isis placed the royal child in the fire of immortality, and herself, turning into a swallow, flew around the column with the body of her husband. Seeing her son in flames, the queen uttered such a piercing cry that the child lost immortality, and Isis revealed herself and asked to give her the column. Having received the body of her husband, Isis hid him in a swamp. However, Seth found the body and cut it into fourteen pieces, which he scattered throughout the country. With the help of the gods, Isis found all the pieces except for the penis, which had been swallowed by the fish.
According to one version, Isis collected the body and revived Osiris to life using her healing power, and conceived from him the sky and sun god Horus. Isis was so popular in Egypt that over time she took on the features of other goddesses. She was revered as the patroness of women in childbirth, determining the fate of newborn kings. 
