Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
In the morning the snowstorm subsided, it was quiet, only occasionally a cool wind would blow (1) lifting (2) the horses’ manes (3) covered with frost (4) and moving the branches of the trees.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Let's put punctuation marks.
In the morning the snowstorm subsided, it was quiet, only an occasional cool wind blew in, (1) lifting the (2) frost-covered (3) manes of horses, (4) Yes, he moved the branches of the trees.
Zpt 1 and 4 The adverbial participial phrase is highlighted. The participial phrase is not highlighted.
Answer: 14|41.
Answer: 14|41
Source: Early exam of the Unified State Exam-2017.
Relevance: Current academic year
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Punctuation marks in sentences with isolated members (definitions, circumstances, applications, additions)
Rule: Task 17. Isolation of definitions and circumstances
SEPARATION OF DEFINITIONS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
In task 16, students are required to be able to see isolated and non-isolated secondary members of a sentence and place commas in isolated sentences. Given that all secondary members can be separated, this task includes only cases of separation/non-separation definitions and circumstances. Thus, in a task there may be combinations of two types of isolated terms, and the placement of punctuation marks will depend on the features of the isolation of definitions (see paragraph 16.1) and circumstances (see paragraph 16.2)
16.1 Separate definitions. Basic concepts.
Separate definitions are definitions highlighted in meaning using intonation and commas.
Hence, not isolated - not separated by commas and intonation.
Both separate and non-separate definitions are expressed most often* full forms of adjectives or participles. This agreed definitions, that is, it agrees in gender, number and case with its main word (= GS). Both isolated and non-isolated definitions denote the attribute of an object (main word).
*note: cases of isolation of inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns are not considered in this section, since Unified State Exam assignments do not contain such examples.
If the definition has no dependent words, then it is single definition.
If from the definition you can ask a question to another word (words), that is, the definition has dependent words, it is called widespread. The most striking example of a common definition is participial phrase (=|PO|).
Example 1. Car (what?) (GS)"Ambulance" , |standing across the pavement|, managed to attract onlookers. The definition of the word “machine” is expressed by the participle “standing”; from him we ask the question where? - to “across the pavement.” Both the participle and the words dependent on it are included in the participle phrase.
Example 2. In the same way, there are phrases with an adjective: On glass (GS) which one?, |silver from frost|, frost drew patterns. The adjective “silver” begs the question from what? to “from frost”, therefore, the adjective and dependent word make up attributive phrase(=|OO|).
Both the participial and attributive phrases are one member of the sentence - the definition.
If there are several definitions, then they can be homogeneous if they refer to one member of the sentence and there is (or can be inserted) a conjunction between them AND or there are commas;
and heterogeneous, if they refer to different members of the sentence and there is no or cannot be a conjunction between them AND or no commas.
Here are examples of common homogeneous definitions expressed by participial phrases:
Example 3: boy , | sledding| And |playing with little sister|, turned out to be the son of our neighbor.
To the main word boy There are two common definitions, each of which is expressed by a participial phrase: “rolled” + dependent words and “played” + dependent words
Scheme: GS + (PO and PO).
As you can see, a comma is not placed between two homogeneous terms, according to the general rule for using commas for homogeneous terms connected by a single conjunction AND.
Example 4: In the following example, common definitions are not homogeneous, since they refer to different parts of the sentence:
boy , | sledding|,(1) and |playing with his daughter| neighbour turned out to be father and son. The one who was skating was a boy, and the one playing was a neighbor.
Scheme: GS+PO, AND PO+GS. If you remove both phrases, the sentence will not break: The boy and the neighbor turned out to be father and son. Comma number 1, therefore, is needed not for homogeneous definitions, but for the boundary of the first participle phrase.
16.1.1. BASIC RULE for separating definitions
Let's go back to the example boy , | sledding|, And |playing with his daughter| neighbour turned out to be father and son.
Why is there a comma after the word “boy” before PO (=participial phrase), but not before the word “neighbor”?
There are a number of rules governing this. Let's define the most important, practically the only rule that you need to know when completing task 16 when working with definitions.
The participial (attributive) phrase is always isolated if it comes after the main word.
According to this scheme, separation always occurs: GS + PO.
Example 5: Human, |not remembering the past|, deprives himself of the future. Isolated myself participial phrase after the main word.
Example 6: Were heard sounds, |similar to the groans of trees|. Scheme: GS+OO.
The attributive phrase standing after the main word has become isolated
We swap the positions of software and GS in the given sentences:
Example 7.|Not remembering the past|Human deprives himself of the future. There is no separation, since the scheme is different: PO + GS
Example 8. Were heard |similar to the groans of trees| sounds. There is no separation. Scheme: OO+GS
Note: There is no such rule: the participial phrase is separated by commas. It is absolutely necessary to comply with the conditions for its isolation.
16.1.2. ADDITIONAL RULES for separating definitions
The following rules can be called additional only from the point of view of necessity for completing task 16. These rules are included in school course of the Russian language are required to study, but writings regulated by these rules were not found in the Unified State Examination tasks.
1. The participial phrase must be isolated in the position before the word being defined, If definition has the meaning of reason or concession.
Example 9: |Exhausted by days-long drought|, Earth greedily quenched her thirst. (Why did the earth quench its thirst? Because it was tormented by drought.) Scheme: PO + GS.
Example 10: |Decorated with shiny balls|, Christmas tree every now and then attracted the attention of the kitten. Why did the Christmas tree attract attention? Because it was decorated. Scheme: PO+GS.
Example 11: Growing up in poverty and hunger, Paul was hostile to those who were, in his understanding, rich. Why did you treat it this way? Because I grew up in poverty.
Scheme: PO+GS.
If there is no reason value, then the turnover as a general rule is not highlighted.
|Hung from a tree| birdhouse on the same day it turned out to be inhabited. (There is no reason, it cannot be said that he was settled because he was hanged. There is no separation, the basic rule applies.)
2. Isolation always occurs if the definition refers to a personal pronoun.
Scheme: PO+(GS=LM). , where LM is a personal pronoun.
Example 12 |Engrossed in conversation|, He listened.
Example 13 Hot and excited He ran into the room.
Example 14 Enriched with new concepts and feelings He I began to re-read my books again.
Very often these two rules are combined in one sentence:
Example 15 Tired of walking through the swamp, wandered in I into the barn and fell asleep deeply: on the one hand there is a reason (why did he fall asleep?), on the other - the main word - a personal pronoun.
The above rules related to the separation of participial and attributive phrases.
There is another type of separation that is different from the others.
3. Several non-common definitions are isolated, connected by the union And(or without it, with a comma), standing after the main word.
Scheme: GS+Definition + I+ Definition.
Example 16 Martovskaya night, cloudy and foggy, enveloped the earth.
Example 17 Spring spirit, cheerful and dissolute, walked everywhere.
Please note that in tasks there are very often sentences with two or three participial (attributive) phrases, which complicates the process of identifying their boundaries. In this case, it may turn out that the revolutions either follow each other sequentially, or are built into one another, or are located to the right and left of the GS. At the same time, there can and will be non-isolated definitions in sentences, expressed by single adjectives, participles and pronouns.
Let us give examples of analysis of the most difficult sentences with isolated and non-isolated definitions
EXAMPLE 1. From a distance he saw house, |unlike others|, |built by some Italian architect| .
EXAMPLE 2. Above still haven't calmed down after the recent storm endless by sea towered sky, festooned with brightly shimmering stars.
16.2. Special circumstances. Basic Concepts
Isolated circumstances are single gerunds and participial phrases. A gerund is a special form of a verb that answers the questions: What are you doing? and what having done?, always refers to a verb and denotes an additional action in relation to the main one. For example, in the sentence Having done a large circle along Newspaper Lane in Kislovka, Levin returned to the hotel again and, putting watch in front of you, sat down, waiting twelve. the highlighted words are gerunds, underlined as circumstances together with the words dependent on them, that is, participial phrases (= DO)
16.2.1 The basic rule for separating gerunds and participial phrases.
Unlike participles and participial phrases, single participles and participial phrases are always separated by commas, regardless of their location.
Cases when gerunds are not highlighted, that is, they are not isolated, are not included in the Unified State Exam tasks and are not included in the amount of information required to complete task 16.
16.2.2 Special cases. Placing commas with several predicates or several phrases (single gerunds).
The complexity of tasks often lies in the fact that a sentence may contain various combinations of separate adverbial circumstances and predicates. For example, with one predicate there can be two (or more) DOs or single gerunds; there can be two or three predicates, and each has its own DO. Let's consider these options in more detail.
1. There are two homogeneous predicates in the sentence, and the adverbial phrase refers to one of them.
Example 1.In the pocket of his riding breeches, Sergei felt shag crumbs and, gently shaking its contents into your hand, rolled up a thick clumsy cigarette.
There are two homogeneous predicates in the sentence, DO refers to the predicate “wrapped.” Participial phrase after the conjunction AND, is separated from it by a comma (conjunctions are not included in the participial phrase). Note that DO is easily excluded from the sentence; if the boundaries of the turnover are highlighted correctly, then the sentence will not break: In the pocket of his riding breeches, Sergei felt crumbs of shag and rolled up a thick, clumsy cigarette.
2. If one predicate refers to several DOs, that is, when combined participial phrases, punctuation marks between them are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members of the sentence:
Example 2. He walked staggering and all supporting the head with the palm of the left hand, A with his right hand quietly tugging his brown mustache. The sentence contains three homogeneous isolated circumstances related to alone predicate, commas before I and before A are/are not placed according to the rule of homogeneous members.
3. Participial phrases related to different predicate verbs are highlighted separately:
Example 3.Sergey, after standing for another minute, slowly walked towards the pile of coal and, carefully laying out the overcoat on the floor, sat down on a large piece of anthracite. There are two predicates, each with its own participial phrase.
If adjacent participial phrases refer to different predicate verbs and the conjunction And is not included in their composition, then each of them is distinguished separately:
Example 4 He stood , leaning against a pile of tea cups, And, looking around aimlessly, drummed his fingers on his cane like a flute. Let's extract DO to make sure the punctuation marks are correct. He stood and drummed his fingers on his cane like a flute.
Option 11
Read the text and complete tasks 1-3
(1) The idea of biogenesis comes from ancient Hindu and Persian religious ideas about the absence of beginning and end in natural phenomena and represents one of the hypotheses for the origin of life on Earth. (2) in this version, life exists in the Universe forever. (3)Protozoa
organisms or their spores (“seeds of life”) could be brought from space to Earth, where they found favorable conditions, multiplied and gave rise to evolution from simple forms to more complex ones.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The idea of biogenesis, based on ancient Eastern religions, is a hypothesis of the cosmic origin of life on Earth, according to which life exists in the Universe forever.
2) The cosmic origin of life on Earth, as the idea of biogenesis states, is evidenced by rock paintings of “seeds of life” - objects similar to aircraft.
3) According to Persian religious ideas The “seeds of life” that appeared on Earth multiplied and gave rise to evolution in the Universe.
4) In accordance with the idea of biogenesis, based on ancient Eastern religions, life in the Universe exists forever, and on Earth it appeared thanks to the simplest organisms brought from space or their spores.
5) The biogenesis hypothesis states that life could have been brought to Earth from space using spaceships sent by extraterrestrial civilizations.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
Thanks to
According to
Regardless
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word PRESENTATION. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
PERFORMANCE, -I, Wed.
1) Knowledge, understanding of something. Have no idea about anything. Make up a paragraph about something. The book gives a good overview of the subject.
2) A written statement about something. (official). P. prosecutor (act of prosecutorial supervision).
3) Presentation, message something. someone P. documents for the court.
4) A theatrical or circus performance, performance. The first paragraph of the new play. Amateur p.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
1) airports
2) recalledA
5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word in the form required in the sentence.
1) M.Yu. Lermontov wrote ROMANTIC poems.
2) That year the water was very HIGH: the Volga flowed straight through the fields.
3) This year the publishing house released a calendar for the first time MEMORABLE DATES.
4) FOREST red ants bring invaluable benefits to humans.
5) The GUARANTEED coupon must indicate the date of sale, name of the product, and its serial number.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
more than SIX HUNDRED years
GO
towards HER
no SHOES
LOOK at the picture
7. Match between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are admitted: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMATICAL ERRORS | OFFERS |
| A) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase C) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition D) an error in the construction of a complex sentence D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech | 1) Successes that were achieved without much difficulty should not reassure us. 2) The official sitting at the table asked the visitor what business you have with me. 3) Although significantly different in vocabulary and grammatical structure, the languages of the world have common structural properties. 4) Contrary to the weather forecasters’ prediction, a snowstorm began. 5) The work of the late Beethoven did not correspond much to the tastes of the contemporary Viennese public, who gave their sympathies to chamber music playing. 6) Thanks to various stylistic inclusions in artistic speech, an ironic or humorous nature of the narrative is created. 7) Selecting everything grammar basics, the structure of the sentence is established. 8) Moscow State University celebrated its anniversary. 9) As a result of excavations, scientists established that even in ancient times amber was used as decoration. |
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
lights up
get hot
accl..matization
application
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr..grada, pr..shelter
be..helpful, ..burned
about..warmed, pos..threw
pos..yesterday, week..bor
come...come, pick up
10.
shy
assign
foreseen..my
dogmatic..skiy
transfer..tsa
11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.
fall out..shit
meaning..my
Brooch
get better
unheard..my
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
A (NOT) HIGH cloudy sky was visible above the mountains.
There are, as we often think, meetings with people that are (NOT) MEANINGFUL, but communication with them can be the beginning of a long friendship.
In this city you rarely meet an idle, (NOT) BUSY person.
Our short acquaintance did not in the least prevent us from talking in a friendly manner.
The buildings of St. Petersburg with its brown iron roofs are not at all DESIGNED to be viewed from above.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
A pond in the park, covered with (DARK) GREEN duckweed, stood like a huge black mirror.
(B) FOR an hour the conversation did not stop: they talked mainly (ABOUT) the upcoming journey.
I am not a rich man; my affairs are upset, and besides, I’m tired of wandering from place to place FOR a whole year.
(B) OTHERWISE, only an unexpected snowfall can force birds to fly further, (NOT) LOOKING at the wind and cold.
From the first pages, I experienced a strange feeling: AS WELL as if I had (THAT) HOUR been transported from a dark world to another world – sunny and bright.
14. Indicate all numbers replaced by N.
The rooms were furnished (1) with remarkable luxury: the walls were covered with colorful Bukhara carpets, the ceilings were painted (2) with oil (3) paints, and there were real Persian carpets on the floors.
15. Punctuate. Specify two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) There were both magazines and newspapers and books on the table.
2) Great masters created in Suzdal and Pskov and Rostov the Great.
3) The book not only introduces the reader to the rich world of the Russian language, but also reveals the laws of linguistic harmony.
4) We drove out onto the highway and soon passed the village and the church standing next to it.
5) Remember the stone bulk of St. George's Cathedral near Novgorod or the wooden fairy tale of Kizhi!
16. Place all punctuation marks:
In the morning the snowstorm subsided, it was quiet, only occasionally a cool wind would blow (1) lifting (2) the horses’ manes (3) covered with frost (4) and moving the branches of the trees.
17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Everything (1) seemed (2) frozen before the approaching storm.
Luckily (4) there were no people or cars on the streets (3).
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Thaws are becoming more frequent (1) but (2) while the nights are frosty (3) the glass fringe of icicles does not melt (4) the snow does not melt.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.
The rich luxury of nature did not touch the old man, but many things delighted Sergei, who was here for the first time.
Read the text and complete tasks 21 – 26
(1) Happy, happy, irrevocable time of childhood! (2) How can one not love, not cherish memories of her? (3) These memories refresh, elevate my soul and serve as a source of better things for me.
pleasures...
(4) Having run to your fill, you used to sit at the tea table, on your high armchair. (5) It’s already late, I’ve long since drunk my evening cup of milk with sugar, sleep closes my eyes, but you don’t move from your place, you sit and listen. (6) Maman is talking to someone, and the sounds of her voice are so sweet, so welcoming. (7) These sounds alone speak so much to my heart!
(8) With eyes blurred by drowsiness, I look intently at her face, and suddenly she became all small, small - her face is no bigger than a button.
(9) But it is still clearly visible to me: I see how she smiled at me. (10) I like to see her so tiny. (11) I squint my eyes even more, and it becomes even smaller. (12) But I moved - and the spell was broken. (13) I narrow my eyes, turn around, and try in every possible way to resume it, but in vain. (14) I get up, climb up with my legs and lie comfortably on the chair.
“(15) You’ll fall asleep again, Nikolenka,” maman tells me, “you’d better go upstairs.”
“(16) I don’t want to sleep, maman,” you answer her, and vague but sweet dreams fill the imagination, healthy children's sleep closes your eyelids, and in a minute you forget and sleep until they wake you up.
(17) You used to feel, in your sleep, that someone’s tender hand was touching you; by one touch you recognize it and even in your sleep you involuntarily grab this hand and press it firmly, firmly to your lips.
(18) Everyone has already left; one candle is burning in the living room; maman said that she would wake me up herself. (19) It was she who sat down on the chair where I sleep, ran her wonderful, gentle hand through my hair, and a sweet, familiar voice sounds in my ear: “Get up, my darling: it’s time to go to bed.”
(20) No one’s indifferent gaze embarrasses her: she is not afraid to pour out all her tenderness and love on me. (21) I don’t move, but I kiss her hand even more firmly.
- (22) Get up, my angel.
(23) She takes my neck with her other hand, and her fingers quickly move and tickle me. (24) The room is quiet, semi-dark; my mother is sitting next to me; I hear her voice. (25) All this makes me jump up, wrap my arms around her neck, press my head to her chest. (26) She kisses me even more tenderly. (27) After that, as it used to be, you come upstairs and begin to fit into your cotton robe, what a wonderful feeling you experience, saying: “I love daddy and mummy.”
(28) I remember you used to wrap yourself in a blanket; the soul is light, bright and joyful; Some dreams drive others, but what are they about?
(29) They are elusive, but filled with pure love and hopes for bright happiness. (30) You remember your favorite porcelain toy - a bunny or a dog - you tuck it into the corner of a down pillow and admire how good it is,
It's warm and cozy for her to lie there. (31) Once you think about how there will be happiness for everyone, that everyone will be happy and that tomorrow there will be good weather for a walk, you will turn on the other side, your thoughts and dreams will be confused, and you will fall asleep quietly, calmly.
(32) Will that freshness, carefreeness, need for love and power of faith that you possess in childhood ever return? (33) What time could it be better than that when the two best virtues - innocent gaiety and the boundless need for love - were the only motives in life?
(according to L.N. Tolstoy*)
*Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy(1828–1910) - Russian writer, thinker, educator, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) After drinking a cup of milk with sugar, Nikolenka lay down on a chair and, to the sounds of his mother’s voice, fell into a sleep, through which he felt her running a gentle hand through his hair.
2) The narrator’s mother was always embarrassed by the looks of strangers and avoided caressing her son in public.
3) The narrator’s memories of childhood are associated with the image of his loving mother and are a source of pleasure for him.
4) As a child, the narrator felt carefree, cheerful, and experienced a strong need for love.
5) Nikolenka’s mother never allowed her son to linger in the living room in the evenings and took him to his crib.
22. Which of the following statements are erroneous? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
1) Sentences 1–3 present the reasoning.
2) Sentence 8 contains descriptive elements.
3) Sentences 12–14 present the narrative.
4) Proposition 25 gives the reason for what is said in sentence 24.
5) Sentences 32, 33 present a narrative. .
23. From sentence 31, write down the synonyms (synonymous pair).
24. Among sentences 1–7, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).
25. “Talking about the hero’s childhood, the author often uses the technique - (A)_______ (“happy” in sentence 1). The hero has warm memories associated with this time, which is expressed by the trope – (B)________ (“ sweet dreams" in sentence 16, " gentle hand” in sentence 17, “pure love and hopes for bright happiness” in sentence 29). The syntactic device - (B)________ (“Nikolenka” in sentence 15, “my darling” in sentence 19, “my angel” in sentence 22) - helps to create the image of the hero’s mother. The syntactic device used at the end of the text - (D)________ (sentences 32 and 33) - allows the author to address the readers directly.”
List of terms:
1) colloquial vocabulary
2) appeal
3) phraseology
4) personification
6) exclamatory sentences
7) opposition
9) lexical repetition
26. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
1. Answer: 14|41
2. Answer: according to
3. Answer: 1
4. Answer: airports
5. Answer: warranty
6. Answer: six hundred
7. Answer: 87692
8. Answer: acclimatization
9. Answer: helpless burned
10. Answer: dogmatic
11. Answer: abandoned
12. Answer: low
13. Answer: however, despite|in spite of however
14. Answer: 123
15. Answer: 13|31
16. Answer: 14|41
17. Answer: 1234
18. Answer: 1
19. Answer: 1234
20. Answer: rich
21. Answer: 134
22. Answer: 45
23. Answer: calmly|calmlyquietly
24. Answer: 2
25. Answer: 9825
Explanation.
| Approximate range of problems | |
| 1. The problem of a child’s perception of the world around him. (How do children perceive the world?) | 1. The world is perceived through the prism of love, the child wants to see all people happy. |
| 2. The problem of perceiving childhood as a happy time. (Is childhood the happiest time in a person’s life?) | 2. The author calls childhood a happy time and believes that it cannot be better than that time “when the two best virtues - innocent gaiety and the boundless need for love - were the only motivations in life” |
| 3. The problem of the value of childhood memories in a person’s life. (What is the value of childhood memories?) | 3. “These memories refresh, elevate my soul and serve as a source of the best pleasures for me...” |
| 4. The problem of the relationship between mother and small child. (What should be the relationship between mother and child?) | Sincere, touching love and care of a mother makes the child happy, and he responds to her with endless love |
* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The problem may also be cited from the source text or indicated by reference to sentence numbers in the text.
The thick aroma of roses filled the artist’s studio, and when the summer breeze rose in the garden, he flew into open door, brought with it either the heady smell of lilac or the delicate fragrance of scarlet hawthorn flowers.
From the sofa covered with Persian saddle cloths, on which Lord Henry Wotton lay, smoking, as always, countless cigarettes one after another, only a broom bush was visible - its golden and fragrant, like honey, flowers glowed hotly in the sun, and its trembling branches seemed to could hardly bear the weight of this sparkling splendor; from time to time, on the long silk curtains of the huge window, fanciful shadows of birds flying past flashed, creating for a moment the resemblance of Japanese drawings
Needless to say, he swam great. On earth he was bored, hot and somehow ordinary - he walked and walked, and everyone was on his feet and on his feet. Everyone walked the earth the same way, and no one could be surprised. The sea is a different matter. At sea he had no rivals.
It was as if he dissolved in the water and felt it all the smallest movements, the course of the wave, its smooth force and connected his body with this force. In order to overcome the water, to feel its resistance, he dived and slid into the depths. Under water, he always opened his eyes and learned to see. He loved to watch how a school of fish moved and when alarmed, all the thousands of fish, as one, suddenly turned and ran. He rushed at them from behind an underwater rock and spun in the silver foam of their raging, frightened herd.
In the old days, people ran away from enemies into the mountains or dense forests. He is used to hiding at sea. And it covered and hid him. Maybe he learned to swim so well from this. One day the boy was beaten by his father. The boy became embittered and ran away to the sea. He walked for a long time along the deserted night beach, occasionally sobbing and wiping away salty tears with his hand. Then he undressed and dived into the water.
The water calmed and cooled his back, which was burning from the belt. But the bitterness of resentment did not go away. "All! “I’ll sail into the sea,” the boy thought, “let them realize in the morning, but I’m not there, I’m already drowned and dead... They’ll cry, they’ll know what it’s like without a son!” And he imagined what it would be like for them without their son. It turned out, to be completely honest, not so bad. The mother was relieved of the daily burden of watering and feeding him, and sewing for him, and mending his always torn pants, and crying over his bad grades in the diary, and being afraid for him, and much, much more. The father could work less and stop being responsible for him altogether. The father was very afraid to answer. “Now answer for you!” - he usually shouted before the spanking. In a word, it turned out that without him they would have lived happily ever after. The boy could not agree to this.
They need me! - he screamed and rushed to the shore. And then something happened that the boy could not have imagined. The lights went out on the shore. The rare light bulbs on the embankment flickered and disappeared. Fog had covered the sky since the evening, and there were no stars. The Black Sea, the shore and the night merged into one impenetrable cosmic darkness. It was dead calm. On such a night, even the watchdogs slept on the shore. For the first time he felt uncomfortable. The water glowed eeriely and phosphorescently. Medusa licked him weakly on the cheek and disappeared. The boy shuddered with disgust and swam headlong to the shore.
But after a minute he stopped and looked doubtfully into the darkness. “Am I swimming to the shore?” - he thought and suddenly realized that he had lost his bearings. He did not know where to swim; the shore could be in any of the four cardinal directions.
“Just calm down...” the boy said to himself and lay down on his back. He lay with his arms spread wide and rested. Now the main thing was not to panic and wait until the wiring was repaired on shore. “If only some dog would bark,” the boy thought sadly. But everything was quiet around.
No one in the boy’s family slept on the shore. Mother and father ran around all the streets of the village, woke people up in the dark and asked:
Where is the boy?
Gradually the entire village, like a disturbed anthill, woke up, lit lanterns and poured out to the sea. People were accustomed to expecting trouble from the sea and in case of alarm they always ran to the shore. The boy's father was thrashing about in the sand. It was a pity to look at him. Finally they found the boy's clothes. People immediately began to shout, waved their lanterns towards the sea and began to lower the longboat. The boy, seeing the lights on the shore, looked at them in fascination and did not believe. “This ship is sailing to Turkey...” he thought. His body gradually became numb and filled with cold...
The boy was illuminated by a searchlight from the longboat and lifted onto the deck. The sailors said later:
We thought it was a dolphin, it looked like a dolphin. - And, having met the boy on the street, they clapped him on the shoulder: - You, brother, swim better than a fish!
The boy laughed, squinted his eyes and looked proudly into the sea.
water.b) An intense artillery duel.c) Lelya, laughing, ran up to the terrace.d) What a wonderful morning: the dew has fallen and the birds are singing!e) He failed to kill either the fox or the hare.2. Find sentences with introductory words: a) Little by little, my capercaillie, however, calmed down. b) Ah, finally you remembered about me. c) Finally the train appeared. d) Apparently, he attached considerable importance to his words. e) Undoubtedly, work ennobles a person.3. Find sentences with isolated definitions: 1) The whole appearance of Arkady’s uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony. 2) The tram heading to the stadium was overcrowded. 3) At the table, an accountant who had arrived from the village was rummaging through books. 4) Illuminated by the moon and blocked by shadows, the face was scary.5) Exhausted, dirty, wet, we finally reached the shore. 4. Indicate sentences with non-isolated circumstances: 1) Despite all my efforts, I could not fall asleep. 2) Klim Samgin walked along the street cheerfully and without giving way to people he met. 3) Having removed the bridle from the piebald gelding, Nester scratched him under the neck . 4) Savka said last words smiling, but my heart felt cold.5) The young graces of Moscow at first silently look Tatiana up and down. 5. How is this sentence complicated? At first, the wounded rook desperately defended himself with his beak, but, obviously realizing the futility of the struggle, he calmed down, only looking in fear at people with eyes as black as ripe bird cherry. 1) homogeneous members; 2) introductory words; 3) comparative phrase ;4) isolated circumstance;5) separate definition.6. Indicate the correct punctuation (comma): The sun (1) illuminated the open spaces (2) the day sparkled (3) with multi-colored colors (4) caressing the eye.1) 1, 2, 4.2) 2, 3.3) 4.4) 2, 4.5) 1, 2, 3, 4.7. In what cases should a structure be properly isolated?1) I felt this as the greatest happiness.2) As a person of high rank, it is not appropriate for me to ride a bicycle.3) The boat swayed heavily on the waves like a seal.4) The sky is like a blue tent.5) Light almost like during the day.8. Indicate the sentences where a comma should be placed before and: 1) In the endless, free expanse, there is brilliance and movement, roar and thunder. 2) The water has long since drained from the Terek and quickly ran down and dried along the ditches. 3) Let’s forgive the fever youth and youthful heat and youthful delirium.4) Their prophetic language is truthful and free and friendly with the will of heaven.5) The cast-iron wheel spins and hums and blows with the wind.9. A comma in place of gaps is placed in sentences: 1) His behavior _ seems _ strange to everyone. 2) The steamer will leave _ of course _ not before dawn. 3) The night was moonlit _ soft. 4) Oh you Volga _ dear Volga _ who doesn’t love yours shores!5) You _ means _ were waiting for me.10. A punctuation error was made in the sentences: 1) I would have taken everything with me - both your forests and your fields. 2) At night everything around: the river, the fields, the forest was quiet and beautiful. 3) And along the boundary, and along the ditch under the boundary - colorful flowers everywhere.4) It was a beautiful wooden house.5) Lulled by sweet hopes, he slept soundly.
logical means such as non-union, inversion, one-part sentences, comparison, rhetorical exclamation. What is their artistic purpose in this text? Write down examples illustrating these means of expression syntax. White nights Listen: now I will tell you about the white nights of the distant north. All the time they were remembered to me here in the south, among this excessive, lush and decorative nature, I was remembered, as sometimes through the fog of many years I remember the timid kiss of cold girlish lips, - such a quick, trembling, fearful kiss in the semi-darkness of the evening, at a window filled with flowers, behind a curtain that is weakly blown by the wind. How often did I dream of St. Petersburg white nights... White, mystical, sleepless nights! There is no way to describe their tender, anxious , morbid charm. Their strange languor begins at eight, nine, eleven o'clock in the evening. You wait for night, twilight, but there is none.29 The curtains on the windows are white. Pulls you outside... Midnight. It's one o'clock in the morning. There are a lot of people on the street. But it seems that everyone is staying close to the walls, walking with cautious, evasive steps, and speaking in a low voice. As if any moment now, in this false half-light, in this half-dream, some kind of old secret, and everyone anticipates it and fears it. The sky stretched over the earth - monochromatic, wet, milky white. The figures of people, even their faces, are clearly visible from afar, shop signs are visible, the gentle eyelashes of sleeping cab horses are visible. The wide river, so calm in its dark granite frame. All of her is like liquid white milk. Only rare lazy wrinkles on it cast a blue color in the breaks. Everything - both the sky and the water - looks like the play of mother-of-pearl, with its elusive pink and blue shades. And so I enter a wide, secluded street. There is not a single person on it as far as the eye can see. My steps awaken ringing echoes. Left right - huge buildings, four to five floors. But there is no fire in any of the windows, only the pale light of the sky shines flatly in the black glass, which now looks like blinded eyes. A huge house stretches from the alley. Blind windows in five rows. How many people live here? Three hundred, four hundred people? It seems to me that I see them lying from top to bottom and lengthwise, one above the other, lying on their backs, on their sides, with their mouths open, tormented by morbid dreams, lying so close and so far from each other! Who knows what cruel jokes fate has at its disposal? Here, perhaps, two people who have been searching for each other all their lives, hungering for each other, are now lying side by side, head to head, legs to feet, separated only by a quarter of an arshin wall? And maybe never in their lives will they be destined to meet, get to know each other, or give each other a drink3031. Using the materials given in the exercise, compose a statement on a linguistic topic about one-part sentences. From Exercise 30, write down examples of different types of predicates. One-part sentences with one main member of the sentence - the predicate.1. Definitely personal: actor not named, but implied as a specific person: I, you, we, you act.2. Indefinite-personal: the actor is not named and is implied as an indefinite person: someone acts, they.3. Impersonal: the actor is not named and is not implied: there is no answer to the question who is acting? One-part sentences with one main member of the sentence - the subject - are nominative.32. 1 Copy complex sentences by inserting missing letters and missing punctuation marks. Rewrite each sentence, transforming non-union proposals into allied compound (CC) or complex (CC) sentences. In parentheses, indicate the type of complex conjunction sentence.1. During the day it was quiet in the garden; restless birds flew away to the south (K. Paustovsky). 2. The door was locked. Classes in the laboratory had already ended (Yu. Sotnik). 3. Until now, I almost didn’t notice autumn in the garden; there was still no smell of rotten leaves (K. Paustovsky).4. I felt ashamed of myself... not once in my life did I show real interest in what he was doing (F. Iskander). 5. The sun has set31I thirst for light and happiness. Three hundred people sleep and dream in this stone suitcase, on top of each other. Oh, what horror lies hidden in this thought! Wet whitish buildings. Not a soul on the street. Morning comes. Deep, but not bright colors light up in the sky and in the wide river, as if in a precious opal - delicate, iridescent Available colors: pink, blue, lilac.
(please help me do the task in Russian) 1. Because of the snowstorm, I could not leave earlier, as expected. 2. It was quite late when IThey brought a cart drawn by a pair of horses. 3. The coachman jumped onto the box and we drove off. 4.What a pleasure it is to race on spirited horses on well-packed roads. snowy road! 5. An amazing calm takes possession of you, and pleasant memories swarm in your head. 6. Mistrust, doubt - everything is left behind.7. The plain stretching out before our eyes sparkles with diamonds, and a pale dawn burns on the horizon.8. Soon the moon will rise and illuminate the entire surrounding area with a mysterious light.9. Leaning on the back of the sleigh, tightly wrapped in a fur coat, I look at the endless dark ribbon of the road.10. Here, in the distance, two dots appeared, they either disappear into potholes, or, overtaking each other, move towards us.11. The dots approach and turn into two carts on which shrouded figures are sitting.12. My coachman says hello, asks them about something and, turning to me, says: “We won’t be late, we’ll make it to the train.”13. Again, the front is empty and quiet, only the continuous creaking of sleighs and the snoring of horses can be heard.14. Tired of the variety of terrain, I fall into some kind of sweet sleep. 15. It seems to me that my dream lasted a few moments, but when I woke up, I was convinced that we had already reached the goal of our journey.16. In the valley you can see a town illuminated by rows of lanterns, and in the west the stars are burning out.
No. 1. Indicate the number(s) of the complex sentence(s)
No. 2. indicate the number(s) of the offer(s) with different types communications
No. 3. indicate the numbers of non-union complex sentences
No. 4.explain the placement of the dash in 6 ave.
No. 5. determine the types of one-part sentences as part of a complex one (sentence 2)
No. 6. Explain the placement of the comma in 14 Ave.
No. 7. write down the sentence numbers with a separate definition
No. 8. from 14-15pr, write down all the pronouns, determine their category
No. 9. determine the type of subordinate clause in 11 pr
No. 10. from 11 examples, write down the phrase(s) with the type of connection agreement
No. 11. from 10 examples, write down the phrase(s) with the type of connection adjacency.
No. 12. write out from 14-16 sentences Difficult words.
No. 13. in 14 Ave., determine the means of speech expression
No. 14. in 7th Ave., determine the means of verbal expressiveness (“the plain glitters with diamonds, the dawn burns out”)
No. 15. in sentence 16, define the means of speech expression
Natalya was busy with her worries. She regularly corresponded with Andrei, and only this helped her come to terms with her situation. At the beginning of February, Alexey sent her, accompanied by a maid, to St. Petersburg to unwind a little. And meet your real husband, of course.
By mid-February the weather had completely deteriorated. Severe frosts gave way to snowstorms, the roads were covered in snow, and it was impossible to leave the house.
On one of these snowy nights, Pyotr Alekseevich felt worse. They called a doctor, but he just threw up his hands, saying, I can’t do anything, your father is completely unwell. Alexey and Vasily sat at the patient’s bedside until the morning, but he never came to his senses and died at dawn. In the morning the snowstorm subsided.
It was urgent to make arrangements for the funeral. Alexey sent Vasily to Blagoye, to fetch Nikolai. One letter was sent to St. Petersburg, to Natalya, demanding that she come as soon as possible.
Pyotr Alekseevich was buried in the local churchyard, next to his wife. There were not many people, only the closest ones. Nikolai arrived alone; Olga could not accompany him for health reasons. There were Dolgoruky and other neighbors; among other people, Alexey recognized Stepan Vladimirovich Tropinin, with whom they exchanged only a few words. The serfs also came, but stood at a distance from the masters.
Alexey, who handled the funeral last days, experienced some strange numbness. He understood that he should grieve for his father, but the confrontation that had developed between them in recent months was making itself felt - he was more likely to feel relief than anything else. I decided to wait with Ivan’s return until the last unrest subsided.
However, on the evening of the funeral day, he learned something that radically changed his plans.
Alexey, Nikolai and Natalya were sitting in the living room, exchanging a few words from time to time. No one wanted to go upstairs; it was too sad to be alone. So they sat in silence, drinking drinks, until Alexey asked his brother:
Could you send Ivan to me in a couple of days?
Nikolai at first looked at him incomprehensibly, distracted from his thoughts, paused a little embarrassedly and answered:
Don't you know?
Alexey raised his head, anticipating bad news. What else could happen?
What don't I know?
Two days before my father’s death, a letter arrived... I was not involved in this matter myself, everything was addressed to Savely. Ivan was sold. Thought you knew.
Alexey jumped up in terrible excitement.
How did you sell it? To whom?
Nikolai seemed scared too.
I don't know. I’m telling you, Savely decided this.
Alexey rushed around the living room, clutching his head, unable to stop on any one thought.
Sold! Father sold Vanya! Despite everything his son did, he didn't believe him! God, we need to find Ivan urgently.
Alexey jumped out of the living room and rushed upstairs, deciding to go to Blagoye right now. The fact that Ivan has already been sold... for how long? Five days ago? It was very bad. Very bad.
He got ready in record time, taking only warm clothes and money. Below, Nikolai tried to question him and stop him, saying that it was unwise to go into the night, but Alexei waved him off.
Luckily for him, the evening was clear. The road to Blagoye was good. However, another disappointment awaited him at his brother’s estate.
“I can’t tell you,” Savely answered firmly to the gentleman’s demand to tell who he sold Ivan to.
Alexey couldn’t resist - he grabbed him by the chest, intending to shake the soul out of the manager.
How dare you! I'm your master! Tell me immediately where Ivan is going!
I can not! – the man almost cried. - I promised your father!
Alexey retreated, breathing heavily. No, he couldn't give up. He nearly drove his horse to death while he was getting here, there must be a clue, at least some kind...
Deciding to leave Savely alone for the time being, he asked other servants to see if anyone knew something. Only Micah helped him, sharing what he overheard by chance:
“It was a merchant,” he said, lisping as usual. – I didn’t take it for myself.
Not for yourself? How do you know?
I heard their conversation... that they would be lucky in the city. To the market.
This means that he is a reseller... and Ivan will be put up for sale on the market.
And Alexey, without wasting any time, changed his horse and went to St. Petersburg. If Ivan has not yet been sold, he will certainly find him in the market. And if they sold it... he will find it no matter what it costs him. He no longer paid attention to his own condition, driven by the desire to find Ivan as soon as possible.
For two days Alexey ran around the “slave” markets from morning to evening, until the last traders left. There were several markets, the largest of them, Nikolsky, took him half a day.
He was exhausted. Sleepless nights took their toll, I wanted to sleep all the time, but Alexey could not sleep. As soon as he lay down, he saw the horrors threatening Ivan, and when he looked at the serfs put up for sale, he completely lost peace. Ragged, unhappy, frozen, sometimes smelly, they were offered to everyone like goods on the shelves. Tags with price and name hung on their heads. At the thought that Ivan was also standing somewhere and someone wanted to buy him, Alexei felt sick, he wanted to run, but where to run, he had no idea.
He meticulously interviewed every merchant where they did not help simple words, sprinkled gold to loosen tongues, but people did not know about Ivan from Blagoye. He almost despaired when, after another unsuccessful conversation, he was advised to go to Malaya Kolomna, where, they said, a certain sexton was selling serfs at auction.
Alexey quickly found the house of sexton Porokhin; everyone in Malaya Kolomna knew him. At first, however, they didn’t want to let him into the house - auctions were held weekly at a strictly designated time (on Fridays, from nine in the morning to one in the afternoon), but after another bribe they relented.
Sexton Porokhin, little man with a goatee, at first he fussed and didn’t want to answer questions. Then he nevertheless admitted that, indeed, he had such an Ivan, from the Blagoye estate, which belonged to the Vyazemskys. There was, but now he’s not there.
Where is he? – Alexey was ready to strangle the vile guy himself. Where did he take Ivan?
“You see,” he began, looking away. “This young man was very rebellious... there was no way to calm him down. Tried to escape, twice.
“Ah, Vanya,” Alexey thought sadly, listening to Porokhin’s shrill voice. - For what? But you promised…"
Where is he? – Alexei’s patience was running out. He was so exhausted from sleepless nights and worry about Vanya that he had no strength left to restrain himself.
“In the hospital, if he’s not already dead,” the sexton said and immediately shrank when he saw the blazing rage in the eyes of his interlocutor. - What do you want?! He escaped from his owner! Yes, anyone should be beaten to death for this!
What, as I understand it, is what you did?
I just did what I should!
How should it? Should a person be killed for a crime? – Alexey sighed, calming down. By strangling this idiot, he won’t help Vanya. -Which hospital is he in?
Porokhin gloomily said:
Behind the canal. Hospital for the poor.
It was some kind of ongoing nightmare. Alexey had a vague idea of what a hospital for the poor was, but he understood that nothing good was worth expecting.
I need documents for Ivan.
Porokhin's eyes lit up with a greedy fire.
Do you want to buy it?
We made a deal right away. Porokhin asked two hundred rubles for Ivan, hinting that the guy (if he survived) was a strong and good worker. Alexey, trying to find Ivan as quickly as possible, agreed to the price, paying immediately and taking the bill of sale.
The hospital was overcrowded. It was not even possible to find a doctor here right away, let alone Ivan. She was in a semi-basement room, damp and cold. The gray, cracked walls and low ceiling made it feel more like a prison than a hospital. Here, among other things, there was twilight, because there were few windows, and they were all near the ceiling. The patients lay on mattresses right on the bare plank floor; there were only a few beds - just a couple or three.
-You have a special destiny. And the Elders did not dare to contradict the will of the stars. You will leave home.
- Still an exile.
- No. Worse. Much worse.
Star propped himself up on his elbow, looking at his mother in amazement.
- Ma, what could be worse than expulsion?
“You will have to take the road of blood debt.”
- ABOUT! – the guy leaned back on the floor.
An old ritual that has not been performed for a long time. A vampire who sets out on this path entrusts his fate to his goddess or to whomever she deems necessary to transfer the rights to her bloodline. You cannot avoid an order or fail to carry it out. There is only one excuse for failure - death.
Star looked up thoughtfully. On the one hand, this prospect frightened him. On the other hand, it will in any case be better than vegetating on this planet, where the only entertainment is hunting and intrigue.
- When? – that’s all the young vampire asked.
- Tomorrow morning. At dawn.
- But the blizzard...
“The elders will summon a demon to change the course of time for a couple of hours.” The snowstorm will be stopped.
- And all for my sake?
- Yes. After all, you are the son of one of the Elders. And your teachers unanimously insisted that such a talent as you cannot be buried in the snow.
Star winced.
- So, the teachers also stood up.
-Aren't you happy?
- Why not? Can I pick up Bars?
- Yes. He will become your guard, stepping with you on the road of duty.
Estarin nodded and stood up.
- Well then. I'll go and pack my things.
– You will only step on the road with your pet.
The vampire froze. Then he nodded and left the room. His mother, one of the seven Elders, sank to the floor by the fireplace and silently cried.
The next morning the snowstorm died down early. Karlum had not yet managed to hide back behind the veil of clouds and his scattered green light fell on the white snow drifts, causing the snow crystals to light up with multi-colored lights.
Star shivered chillily, wrapping himself in a heavy fur cloak. There was nothing underneath; this was also a condition of the ritual. The vampire was not cold - the temperature difference did not mean anything special to him, but his mental comfort left much to be desired.
The ritual began as soon as the young vampire appeared at the ruins of the old temple.
- Ruins? – he asked gloomily to Leopard, who was following on his heels. - Why not in the new one?
“There is no such door in the new temple,” answered one of the Elders, having heard the guy’s question.
Star, enchanted, walked around the door three times, just standing in the middle of the temple. There was no wall, there were no rooms. Just a door, no handles.
“Come here,” called the Old Mother. - Its time to begin.
The chants of the elders made the young vampire shiver and regret that the old vampires had neither hearing nor voice. The quiet melodic laugh that flew through the temple was heard only by him.
The door began to open slowly. At first, an uncertain ray of light pierced the blackness behind her, then another, and the door froze, never fully opening.
“Now, in order to pass, you need to touch the door with your blood,” one of the Elders suggested.
Looking at his pet, the guy shrugged and moved forward. The ritual disappointed him.
The material of the door greedily absorbed the blood from the palm brought to it. And then, as if an invisible hand pushed the vampire in the back, into the carefully opened doorway.
It sparkled. The door disappeared... in the old temple, flakes of greasy black ash fell onto the white snow.
The elders looked at each other.
– And what could this mean? – Star’s mother asked.
But no one could answer such a simple question.
Everything was different here. The young vampire looked around in fascination. Some tall sticks, all covered with green rags. Something green springing underfoot.
There is a bright circle in the sky, and bright yellow light splashes from it in different directions.
A stripe of brown stood out among the green, and Star assumed that it was necessary to follow it. The fresh air, smelling of something strangely smoky, intoxicated his head. And soon someone’s bitter crying was heard ahead.
- Human? – Star was sincerely amazed, looking at the stranger. Cornflower blue eyes, strangely golden skin, scarlet lips and hair - not black or silver, but golden-red.
“Couldn’t you have come faster?” – the girl asked capriciously, wiping tears from her eyes with her fist.
- Faster?
– I’m already tired of waiting here for you!
- Deaf? Or blind? You see, I broke my knee! – and the girl burst into tears again.
The guy blinked in amazement, and then remembered that he was missing someone. Bars was not nearby.
“Don’t look,” the girl muttered. - He's not here. The snow leopard is waiting for you on the other side of the road.
– Are you my guide or what?
- What, what! – the girl mimicked.
– Why are you so... strange!
“You yourself are strange,” the stranger said offended. “I’m waiting here to see you off.” And you also offend!
Star shook his head.
- Come closer.
- Come here! – the girl growled. For a moment, her eyes flashed black, and Star, as if spellbound, took three steps towards her and abruptly stopped. A languid smile appeared on his scarlet lips. - Go! - the stranger sang.
The vampire retreated into reverse side. The girl laughed.
- Smart. Careful. But not enough.
She passed her glowing palm over her knee. And when I removed my palm, there was not a trace of blood or scratches left on my knee. The conductor easily rose to her feet and yawned. Her eyes quickly faded, becoming pitch black.
