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In the defense of Stalingrad, inachievement of an outstanding victory on the Volga during the Great Patriotic War a major role belonged to the Volgamilitary flotilla. The commander of the first brigade of river ships of the flotilla was our countryman, Rear Admiral S.M. Vorobyov.
Sergei Vorobyov was born on September 24 (October 6), 1904, in a peasant family in the village of Bateevka, Lyubegoshchsky volost, now the Vesyegonsky district of the Tver region. Here he spent his childhood and youth. Elementary education he received in the parochial school with. Lubegoschi. Then he studies at the Vesyegonsk city school and after graduation he teaches for some time in one of the rural schools of the county.
In October 1925 he entered Leningrad in naval school. In January 1926, the school was named after Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze, after which it became known as the M.V. Frunze Naval School. Sergey Vorobyov graduated from it in September 1928. They sent a young commander to the Pacific Ocean. There he served as an assistant watch officer, then as watch officer on the Krasny Vympel patrol ship from September 1928 to January 1931.
From 1928 to 1931, the "Red Vympel" took part in many hydrographic expeditions to study and carry out marine surveys of the northern part of the Bering Sea. High vigilance, endurance and good seamanship required navigation in ice, in fog, in stormy conditions. Despite the difficulties, the team completed the government task - to describe a large section of the coast from the island of Karaginsky to the Anadyr Estuary - on time. 
In the summer of 1929, Krasny Vympel was instructed to equip landing points on the Bering and Attu Islands for one of the first-born of our aviation, the Strana Sovetov seaplane, which flew along the Moscow-New York route through Siberia, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, Sergei Vorobyov became a participant in hostilities during the conflict with Japan in the Chinese East railway. In 1958, the Krasny Vympel was permanently moored in the Golden Horn Bay and turned into a memorial ship-museum. In the spring of 2014, he underwent a scheduled renovation and returned to his original place. It is one of the five museum ships of pre-revolutionary construction located on the territory of Russia.
From January to April 1931, Sergei Mikhailovich was the supply manager, then until November 1931 - the gunner of the Yakov Sverdlov monitor.
"Novik"; from July 13, 1926 "Yakov Sverdlov" - destroyer Russian fleet. Designed and built at the expense of the "Special Committee for the Strengthening of the Navy on voluntary donations." The first pre-serial ship. Serial destroyers - "Noviki" were built according to revised designs. At Russian shipyards, in 1911-1916, in 6 standard options, a total of 53 ships were laid down. By the beginning of the First World War, it was the best ship in its class, served as a world model in the creation of destroyers of the military and post-war generation. The first destroyer built in Russia with steam turbine engines and high-pressure boilers heated only by liquid fuel.
From November 1931 to May 1934, Vorobyov served as assistant to the head of the operations department, then until November 1934 - head of the combat training department of the Red Banner Amur Flotilla.
On May 20, 1930, for excellent actions in defeating the "White Chinese" (as they were then called), the flotilla was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and became known as the Far Eastern Red Banner Military Flotilla.
In the 1930s in the course of a large-scale campaign for the development of the Far East, the base of the flotilla was significantly improved. In Khabarovsk, in 1932, the shipbuilding plant "Osipovsky Zaton" (Shipyard No. 368, later the shipbuilding plant named after S. M. Kirov) was opened. Since 1934, the interests of the River Fleet were served by the Sretensky Shipyard, established in Kokuy on the basis of small civil shipyards and branches of factories. For the Navy and border guards, this plant built auxiliary ships and boats. But the largest shipbuilding enterprise on the Amur was the shipbuilding plant No. 199 named after. Leninsky Komsomol (now the Amur Shipbuilding Plant) in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, which built ships from 1935. Repair bases operated in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk.
After 6 years of service in the Far East from December 1934 to March 1938, Sergei Mikhailovich studied at the command department of the Naval Academy named after K.E. Voroshilov.
Naval Academy Fleet Admiral Soviet Union N. G. Kuznetsova (Vyborgskaya Embankment, 73/1) trains command and command and engineering personnel for the Navy, a scientific center for the development of problems of naval art, shipbuilding, weapons, construction and combat use of forces and means of the Navy.
Leads its history from the officer classes (created in 1827 at the Naval Cadet Corps); from 1862 - Academic Course of Marine Sciences, from 1877 - Naval Academy.
Since 1919, the academy began training command personnel for the Soviet Navy, since 1922 it has been called the Naval Academy of the RKKF. In 1931 it was named after K. E. Voroshilov.
In 1945, the engineering and technical faculties of the academy were separated into an independent Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Armaments, which was named after A. N. Krylov in the same year.
In 1960 both academies were merged into the Naval Academy. In 1976, the Academy was named after Marshal of the Soviet Union A. A. Grechko, in 1990 - N. G. Kuznetsov.
After graduating from the academy, Sergei Mikhailovich was sent to the Main Naval Headquarters. The sailor was a junior assistant chief, and then the chief from May 1938 to May 1939 of the 1st branch of the department of the Combat Training Directorate of the Main Naval Staff, participated in inspection trips to Pacific Fleet, in the Amur military flotilla.
After one of these significant trips in the summer of 1939, he was offered by the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs to head the Marine Department of the Main Directorate of Border Troops.
The activities of this department were regulated by the Regulations approved on August 17, 1939. According to the Regulations, the Naval Department was entrusted with the leadership of the naval units in all respects, except for operational ones. The department supervised the operational and technical use ships, led the tactical training, operation and repair of ships, all types of maritime support. The tasks of the department were the preparation of technical specifications for the creation of ships and weapons, the preparation of shipbuilding plans and the placement of orders at enterprises, the preparation of recruitment and mobilization plans. Captain 1st rank Sergei Mikhailovich was appointed head of the department.
Since November 1939, the sailor was also the deputy head of the border troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the marine part. It is difficult to overestimate what was done by Vorobyov to organize the actions of the frontier units of our country on the vast sea sections of the State Border of the USSR. This concerned both the creation of the most important regulatory documents and practical activities. In two years, the number of border courts has almost doubled. The border guards received new patrol ships, patrol boats and armored boats. The merit of Vorobyov is the creation in 1940 of the Naval Border School in Leningrad. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, 368 border ships were transferred to the fleet, which significantly increased our naval escort forces.
He held this position in the NKVD until July 1941, when he was returned to the Navy.
Rear admiral - the first admiral rank in the fleets of many countries of the world.
While admirals or vice admirals were in command from one of the vanguard ships, rear admirals were usually on the rearguard ship.
Corresponds to the rank of major general in the ground forces and aviation.
In the Navy of the USSR Armed Forces, the rank of rear admiral was established by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 7, 1940.
The sailor started the war on the Volga. In July-November 1941, Vorobyov was the commander of a training detachment of ships, from November to December he commanded the 3rd brigade of river ships and at the same time served as commander of the Volga military flotilla.
On October 27, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, the training detachment of ships, which was created by the decision of the State Defense Committee in July on the Volga, was renamed the Volga military flotilla. Since October 28, he commanded the flotilla, captain of the 1st rank S.G. Sapozhnikov.
By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy dated November 6, it was proposed to create 6 brigades of river ships (54 gunboats, 30 armored boats, 90 minesweepers and patrol boats, 60 small hunter boats, 6 divisions of torpedo boats, 6 squadrons of ships special purpose, 6 squadrons, 6 separate battalions of marines). On November 6, Rear Admiral S.M. was appointed to command all this vast association. Vorobiev; Captain 1st rank Sapozhnikov became chief of staff of the flotilla.
Our compatriot successfully carried out the order of the people's commissar, solving the difficult problems of staffing the flotilla with ships, their armament, and preparing crews for combat operations, mainly made up of sailors of the river fleet.
Before April 1, 1942, it was necessary to organize a flotilla based on the order of the People's Commissar of the Navy. The directive of the Chief of the Main Naval Staff of November 28 set the following tasks for the flotilla: preparation of detachments of river ships for action together with the troops in the 1942 campaign, training of personnel for operating fleets, defense of the Volga basin. After the victory near Moscow State Committee Defense on January 21 issued a decree on the suspension of the mass mobilization of ships for the Volga military flotilla.
Soviet command planned to launch a broad offensive, after which the Volga was to remain in the rear. This, of course, created difficulties with the acquisition of the flotilla. But in the spring, when the situation on the fronts changed, the Volga flotilla was again paid attention.
Here is what the commander of the 62nd Army, Marshal V.I., wrote about the Volga military flotilla. Chuikov: “I’ll say briefly about the role of the sailors of this flotilla, about their exploits: if they weren’t there, perhaps the 62nd Army would have died without ammunition and food and would not have completed its task.”
CM. Vorobyov commanded the Volga military flotilla from November 6, 1941 to February 16, 1942. He had to equip the flotilla with ships, solve the difficult problem of their weapons, and prepare crews for combat operations, mainly made up of sailors of the river fleet. Vorobyov handed over command to Rear Admiral D.D. Rogachev, who recovered from his wounds. Most likely, when it turned out that the Volga was from the rear river, a transport artery and training center can turn into a battlefield, Vorobyov was preferred to the commander of the Pinsk flotilla, who had gone through the harsh school of war.
Pinsk military flotilla - created on July 17, 1940 from ships and units of the renamed Dnieper military flotilla. The main base is Pinsk, the rear base is Kyiv.
On May 28, 1942, the order of the flotilla commander determined the composition and tasks of the flotilla forces. The 1st brigade included a division of gunboats (3 units), a division of armored boats (12 units), a detachment of semi-gliders (10 units), a detachment of minesweepers (6 units). The detachment of patrol boats consisted of 6 ships under construction. The 1st brigade was based on Gorky. The brigade was supposed to assist units of the army, provide crossings, fight enemy crossings and land tactical landings. The brigade commander was Rear Admiral S.M. Vorobyov.
Academician-historian Alexander Samsonov wrote: “The enemy made great efforts, trying to isolate the troops defending Stalingrad from the rear. However, the continuity of communications across the Volga and the connection of Stalingrad with east coast provided all the time engineering troops, river civilian fleet and ships of the Volga military flotilla.
The enemy developed an offensive towards Stalingrad. On July 22, 1942, enemy aviation began active operations on the Volga. On July 24, the Volga Flotilla was subordinated to the Stalingrad Front. On June 25, the commander of the flotilla declared it active by order. On July 30, by order of Rogachev, the 1st brigade of river ships was relocated to Kamyshin. On July 31, minesweepers from its composition were transferred to separate brigade minesweeping to combat mine danger. And on August 5, the commander of the Stalingrad Front included the Volga Flotilla in the Stalingrad defense system. The 1st brigade of river ships (2 gunboats, 2 floating batteries, 6 armored boats) in the Krasnoarmeysk-Svetly Yar area supported the troops of the 57th Army. Part of the brigade's forces were allocated to create a northern group of ships, which directly supported the troops of the 62nd Army defending the city. On August 24, the sailors of the flotilla began military operations against enemy troops rushing to the Volga.
On October 27, 1942, in connection with the relocation of the main part of the flotilla for the winter, the Stalingrad task force was formed, consisting of 2 gunboats, 15 armored boats, 4 minesweeper boats under the command of Rear Admiral Vorobyov.
The group was tasked with providing artillery support to the troops, crossing troops and cargo, evacuating the wounded and destroying enemy crossings. On October 31, on the basis of the decision of the People's Commissar of the Navy, by order of the commander of the Stalingrad Front, all ships of the flotilla, except for the Stalingrad Operational Group, were transferred from November 1 to wintering in Astrakhan and Guryev. Vorobyov, in the conditions of the beginning ice drift, had to take on the main work of ensuring the actions of the troops. From November 1 to 20 alone, armored boats and minesweepers transported 22,500 troops with weapons and ammunition in preparation for the counteroffensive, and took out more than 11,000 wounded.
After the start of the counteroffensive on December 19-20, Vorobyov's ships and boats continued to support the troops. On December 1, by order of the commander of the flotilla, the headquarters of the 1st brigade of river ships was renamed the directorate of the Stalingrad operational group. The tasks performed by Vorobyov at the cost of enormous effort were artillery support for troops, crossing troops and cargo, evacuating the wounded and destroying enemy crossings.
So, from January to December 1942, Vorobyov commanded the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla; in November-December, he was simultaneously the commander of the Stalingrad task force.
In the award sheet it was written:
“During the fighting for the defense of Stalingrad, interacting with units of the 57th and 64th armies, the ships of the brigade under his command inflicted great damage on the enemy. More than once, in separate areas, with the support of naval artillery, units of the Red Army repulsed the fierce attacks of the enemy. According to incomplete data, the ships of the brigade destroyed and dispersed 11 infantry battalions, destroyed: 7 artillery batteries, 27 bunkers and dugouts, 27 tanks, 4 ammunition depots, 60 vehicles with troops and cargo, etc. 34 artillery mortar batteries, 42 different firing points were suppressed. 3 enemy planes shot down. The troops of the 62nd Army were transported under enemy fire: troops - 25,800 people, about 2,000 tons of cargo and ammunition. 6800 wounded soldiers and commanders were evacuated to the left bank of the Volga. Vorobyov for a month commanded the Stalingrad operational group of ships, which was entrusted with the task of crossing all types of food for the 62nd Army across the river. Volga. Under enemy fire for a month, armored boats and minesweepers transported 31,476 people, more than 1,000 tons of various cargo and ammunition to the right bank. The ships supported the group of Colonel Gorokhov and 138th Rifle Division with fire. Two gunboats destroyed 3 tanks, one heavy battery, 1 mortar, 16 different firing points, repulsed 10 enemy attacks on the Gorokhov group and 138 rifle divisions.
fighting brigades of river ships helped the 64th and 62nd armies to hold their lines.
In early 1943, Vorobyov was returned to the border troops and sent to Far East. From January 1943 to November 1944, he was deputy chief of the border troops for the marine part of the Border Troops Directorate of the NKVD of Primorsky Krai.
After the defeat of the Germans on the Volga, Rear Admiral S.M. Vorobyov is appointed Deputy Chief of the Border Troops of the Primorsky District for the Marine Department. From 1944 to 1956 he heads the maritime department, then the maritime department of the Main Directorate of the country's border troops. Then the sailor was transferred to Moscow.
From June 1944, border ships and boats began to be returned from the Navy to the border troops, and detachments and divisions of border ships were formed from them. On January 15, 1947, the Main Directorate of the Border Troops was reorganized; The marine department was retained in its composition.
Vorobyov again served as the head of the Naval Department of the Main Directorate of Border Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (November 1944 - January 1951), then until May 1953 he held the same position in the Main Directorate of Border Troops of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR, then, until June 1956, the same position in the Main Department of the Border Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
During this period of growth cold war in the world, Vorobyov had to participate in more than one reorganization of the border service. In November 1946, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was renamed into a ministry, and on January 15, 1947, a new staff of the Main Directorate of Border Troops was approved, in which the naval department was enlarged and turned into a naval department. In 1949, the border troops were transferred to the Ministry of state security THE USSR. But in 1953, after the death of I.V. Stalin, when the MGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs were united, the border troops came under the control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The border guards were hardly affected by the significant reduction in the armed forces that began in 1953. On the contrary, they took the opportunity to fill their ranks with the best officers being cut from the fleet in order to secure the borders.
Already on August 17, 1945, after the end of the war in the west, the formation of cash border ships into separate divisions began. It was necessary to deploy new divisions in the Baltic and the Pacific Ocean in order to secure the borders of the territories annexed to the USSR. At this time, old ships remained in service. In 1952-1955, more than once, naval formations were introduced into the composition of border detachments, then withdrawn from them, then reduced to detachments, then again crushed into divisions. Both detachments and divisions were operationally subordinate to the chiefs of coastal border detachments, which led to insufficiently competent leadership of the maritime guard and even violations of the law.
Under these circumstances, S.M. Vorobyov had to deal with the restoration of the maritime border guard, which during the war years suffered heavy losses in the North, the Black and Baltic Seas; and the ships and boats returned by the fleet were worn out during the war years. Several captured ships handed over to the border guards could not correct the situation.
At the beginning of 1946, a minimum plan was prepared for the supply of watercraft for the border guards, which, if necessary, could be used by the Navy.
On April 29, the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved a plan for the allocation of ships and vessels for the border service in 1948-1955 and a shipbuilding program for 1946-1950, taking into account this plan. True, this plan was not fully implemented, but by 1954 the naval units had 144 patrol ships, 33 patrol boats and 146 small boats. The GUPV Maritime Administration has ordered about 110 ships of medium displacement for the next five years. Border guards built technical observation posts, received parking in Balaklava, Vladivostok, Tallinn, Leningrad. However, despite the increase in the number of ships, only in the Leningrad direction was it possible to achieve a density of 1 ship per 10 miles of area. On other directions western borders this value reached 30-50 miles, and in the northern regions Pacific Ocean there was nothing to protect most of the coast.
Of course, Sergei Mikhailovich Vorobyov, in his position, was responsible for the number of border courts, and for the training of specialists for them, and for the equipment of the theater.
From November 1956 S.M. Vorobyov was in reserve. “Being retired,” said the widow of a countryman, Olga Ivanovna, “Sergey Mikhailovich until last days conducted active military-patriotic work among sailors-border guards and student youth. He gave lectures in Star City, at enterprises, in schools of the capital, and often went to the seamen-border guards. Led a marine circle in two maritime schools, headed the commission of veterans of the Volga military flotilla. In 1958, in the book “The Battle for the Volga. Memories. Stalingrad" his memoirs "Reliable protection of crossings" were published:
RELIABLE PROTECTION OF CROSSINGS
Rear Admiral S. M. VOROBYEV
The combat practice of the Battle of Stalingrad showed that in the conditions of the river theater of operations, in interaction with the ground forces, armored boats are one of the active means of combating the coastal and air enemy.
Everyone knows what exceptional importance the crossings had for the right-bank troops. They fed the heroic units that defended the city with ammunition, food and evacuated the wounded.
The task of covering one of the main crossings from the fascist vultures was entrusted to groups of armored boats commanded by lieutenants tt. Frost and Pospelov. During this time there were thirty-two attacks from the air and hundreds of bombs were dropped - and not a single bomb fell on the crossing guarded by boats, it worked all the time without fail. This was due to skillful firing from boats at enemy aircraft, skillful maneuvering.
At one time, the boats of this group were assigned to escort caravans of ships passing along the Volga to protect against enemy aircraft. And there was no case that at least one caravan was damaged when it was guarded by armored boats. The boats themselves remain essentially invulnerable, and their anti-aircraft weapons force the fascist pilots to stay at such a high altitude that the probability of hitting the target is small.
Of course, for maneuver and good use of anti-aircraft weapons, great skill, courage and endurance are required from the personnel of the boats.
Armored boats performed tasks not only to protect crossings from enemy aircraft. For example, during the most fierce urban battles in front of the commander of a group of boats, comrade. Frost was given the task of transferring a group of submachine gunners behind enemy lines. The peculiarity of this operation was that it could not be carried out secretly. It was a bright, clear night, for which the Volga is famous in autumn. Full moon illuminated the fairway, and both banks of the river were visible. The boats were to break past the shore occupied by the enemy, land machine gunners in the immediate vicinity of him and take the wounded from the same point on the return flight.
The success of the operation could only be achieved by surprise, speed and decisiveness of action.
At high speed, suppressing enemy firing points with artillery fire and machine guns, the commander resolutely brought the armored boat to the landing site. The success of the operation was ensured by the courageous actions of the personnel of the boats during the landing of machine gunners and the loading of the wounded.
The task was carried out under heavy artillery and mortar fire. However, the losses in personnel were negligible. Such operations have been successfully performed more than once.
There were cases when armored boats were also used to fire guns from closed positions. For example, on September 12, armored boats supported our infantry in repelling an enemy counterattack. According to the artillery command, four tanks were knocked out by several salvos, according to the artillery command, and a company of the Nazi infantry was scattered; enemy attack was repelled. The next day, two companies of the advancing enemy infantry were dispersed with the same success.
During the period of defensive battles, armored boats - "river tanks", as our soldiers called them, played a significant role.
* * *
Rear Admiral Sergei Mikhailovich Vorobyov in the days of the Volga battle commanded the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla.
The motherland highly appreciated the military merits of Sergei Mikhailovich for his service with awards:
Order of Lenin (1950), three Orders of the Red Banner (1941, 1943, 1945),Order of Kutuzov II degree, Patriotic War I degree,Red Star (1944) and big amount medals.
Rear Admiral Sergei Mikhailovich Vorobyov died on August 8, 1974 in Moscow.
He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. His ashes rest in the columbarium, in section 135, place 4–1.
Such was one of the Vesyegonians - the glorious sons of our Motherland.
We, the youth of the Vesyegonsk district, need to be proud, respect and take an example from our fellow countrymen, who faithfully served the Fatherland!
Prepared by Anastasia Zharova
Vorobyov Sergei Mikhailovich Commander of the Volga Flotilla. Most of the naval commanders-border guards, who, after the start of World War II, were included in the Navy, remained in the fleet. One of the exceptions was S.M. Vorobyov, who not only returned to the Border Guards, but also advanced to the leadership of the Marine Border Guard.
Sergey Vorobyov was born on September 24 (October 6), 1904 in the village of Bateevka, now the Vesyegonsky district of the Tver region. In October 1925, he entered the Naval School named after M.V. Frunze and graduated from it in September 1928. They sent a young commander to the Pacific Ocean. He served as an assistant to the chief of the watch, then as the chief of the watch on the patrol ship "Red Vympel" (September 1928 - January 1931). In 1929, Vorobyov became a participant in hostilities during the conflict on the CER. From January to April 1931, the sailor was the supply manager, then until November 1931 - the artilleryman of the Yakov Sverdlov monitor. From November 1931 to May 1934, Vorobyov served as assistant to the head of the operations department, then until November 1934 - head of the Combat Training Department of the Red Banner Amur Flotilla. From December 1934 to March 1938, Vorobyov studied at the command faculty of the Naval Academy named after K.E. Voroshilov. After graduating from the academy, he was sent to the Main Naval Headquarters. The sailor was a junior assistant to the chief, and then the chief (from May 1938 to May 1939) of the 1st branch of the Combat Training Department of the Main Naval Staff. In May-November 1938, he was the head of the tactical training inspectorate of the Combat Training Directorate of the Navy.
In February 1939, the Main Directorate of the Border Troops was created, which included the Naval Department. The activities of this department were regulated by the Regulations approved on August 17, 1939. According to the Regulations, the Naval Department was entrusted with the leadership of the naval units in all respects, except for operational ones. The department supervised the operational and technical use of ships, supervised tactical training, operation and repair of ships, and all types of maritime support. The tasks of the department were the preparation of technical specifications for the creation of ships and weapons, the preparation of shipbuilding plans and the placement of orders at enterprises, the preparation of manning and mobilization plans. Captain 1st Rank S.M. was appointed head of the department. Vorobyov.
Since November 1939, the sailor was also the Deputy Head of the Border Troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the Naval Unit. He held this position until July 1941, when he was returned to the Navy. June 4, 1940 Vorobyov was awarded the rank of Rear Admiral.
During his leadership, the reorganization of the Marine Border Guards took place. The Maritime Department actively worked on the preparation of documents regulating the activities of formations and units that guarded the maritime sections of the border. On February 3, 1940, the Instruction for the Protection of the State Border along the Amur River appeared. On August 28, they approved the Instruction on the interaction of the Naval and aviation units of the border troops in the protection of Naval state borders USSR, October 18 - Instructions for the protection of the Maritime Border in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. On June 17, 1941, the order of the head of the border troops "On the organization of communications between ships and sea posts" was signed.
The Naval Department developed and approved the shipbuilding program for the Third Five-Year Plan (1938–1942) by the USSR Defense Committee. By 1940, the number of border courts had increased by 93 percent compared to 1938. The border guards received new patrol ships, patrol boats of the MO-IV type and armored boats of the BK-1 type. These ships and boats were united into detachments of border ships, which in the event of war were to be transferred to the operational subordination of the Navy. Since, with the growing number of border ships, the fleet could not provide training for sailors of all levels for them, the border guards organized the Anapa Training Center in 1940 to train specialists. On June 23, 1940, an order was issued to establish the Naval Border School in Leningrad; Rear Admiral A.B. became the first head of the school. Sadnikov. On September 1, training began for cadets who were to become border guard commanders. However, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the school was transferred to the Navy. The fleet also received 368 border ships, including 11 patrol ships, 310 patrol boats and 47 auxiliary ships. This significantly increased the naval escort forces, since if the fleet had 59 Small Hunters in the Barents, Baltic, Black and Caspian Seas, then the border guards added 130 of these MO boats and the same number of other types of boats. It can be assumed that Vorobyov also played a role in the development of the border guard.
Vorobyov himself was also transferred to the fleet. The sailor started the war on the Volga. In July-November 1941, Vorobyov was the commander of a training detachment of ships, from November to December he commanded the 3rd brigade of river ships and at the same time served as commander of the Volga military flotilla.
On October 27, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy, the training detachment of ships, which was created on the Volga in July by the decision of the State Defense Committee, was renamed the Volga military flotilla. He commanded the flotilla from October 28 Captain 1st Rank S.G. Sapozhnikov. By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy dated November 6, it was planned to create 6 brigades of river ships (54 gunboats, 30 armored boats, 90 minesweepers and patrol boats, 60 Boats - Small Hunters, 6 divisions of torpedo boats, 6 detachments of Special Purpose Vessels, 6 air detachments, 6 separate battalions Marine Corps). On November 6, Rear Admiral S.M. was appointed to command all this vast association. Vorobiev; Captain 1st Rank Sapozhnikov became the chief of staff of the flotilla. Before April 1, 1942, it was necessary to organize a flotilla Based on the order of the People's Commissar of the Navy. The directive of the Chief of the Main Naval Staff of November 28 set the following tasks for the flotilla: preparing detachments of river ships for action together with the troops in the 1942 campaign, training personnel for operating fleets, and defending the Volga basin. After the victory near Moscow, the State Defense Committee on January 21 issued a decree suspending the mass mobilization of ships for the Volga military flotilla. The Soviet command planned to launch a broad offensive, after which the Volga was to remain in the rear. This, of course, created difficulties with the acquisition of the flotilla. But in the spring, when the situation on the fronts changed, the Volga flotilla was again paid attention.
CM. Vorobyov commanded the Volga military flotilla from November 6, 1941 to February 16, 1942. He had to equip the flotilla with ships, solve the difficult problem of their weapons, and prepare crews for combat operations, mainly made up of Sailors of the River Fleet. Vorobyov handed over command to Rear Admiral D.D. Rogachev, who recovered from his wounds. Most likely, when it became clear that the Volga could turn from a rear river, a transport artery and a training center into a battlefield, Vorobyov was preferred to the commander of the Pinsk flotilla, who had gone through the harsh school of war.
On May 28, 1942, the order of the flotilla commander determined the composition and tasks of the flotilla forces. The 1st brigade included a division of gunboats (3 units), a division of armored boats (12 units), a detachment of semi-gliders (10 units), a detachment of minesweepers (6 units). The detachment of Patrol Boats consisted of 6 ships under construction. The 1st brigade was based on Gorky. The brigade was supposed to assist units of the army, provide crossings, fight enemy crossings and land tactical landings. The brigade commander was Rear Admiral S.M. Vorobyov.
The enemy developed an offensive towards Stalingrad. On July 22, 1942, enemy aviation began active operations on the Volga. On July 24, the Volga Flotilla was subordinated to the Stalingrad Front. On June 25, the commander of the flotilla declared it active by order. On July 30, by order of Rogachev, the 1st brigade of river ships was relocated to Kamyshin. On July 31, minesweepers were transferred from its composition to a separate minesweeping brigade to combat the mine danger. And on August 5, the commander of the Stalingrad Front included the Volga Flotilla in the defense system of Stalingrad. The 1st brigade of river ships (2 gunboats, 2 floating batteries, 6 armored boats) in the Krasnoarmeysk-Svetly Yar area supported the troops of the 57th Army. Part of the brigade's forces were allocated to create a northern group of ships, which directly supported the troops of the 62nd Army defending the city. On August 24, the sailors of the flotilla began military operations against enemy troops rushing to the Volga.
On October 27, 1942, in connection with the relocation of the main part of the flotilla, the Stalingrad task force was formed for wintering, consisting of 2 gunboats, 15 armored boats, 4 minesweeper boats under the command of Rear Admiral Vorobyov. The group was tasked with providing artillery support to the troops, crossing troops and cargo, evacuating the wounded and destroying enemy crossings. October 31 Based on the decision of the People's Commissar of the Navy, by order of the commander of the Stalingrad Front, all ships of the flotilla, except for the Stalingrad Operational Group, were transferred from November 1 to wintering in Astrakhan and Guryev. Vorobyov, in the conditions of the beginning ice drift, had to take on the main work of ensuring the actions of the troops. From November 1 to 20 alone, armored boats and minesweepers transported 22,500 troops with weapons and ammunition in preparation for the counteroffensive, and took out more than 11,000 wounded.
After the start of the counteroffensive on December 19-20, Vorobyov's ships and boats continued to support the troops. On December 1, by order of the commander of the flotilla, the Headquarters of the 1st Brigade of River Ships was renamed the Directorate of the Stalingrad Operational Group.
So, from January to December 1942, Vorobyov commanded the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla; in November-December, he was simultaneously the commander of the Stalingrad task force. In the award sheet, it was written on him: “During the fighting for the defense of Stalingrad, interacting with units of the 57th and 64th armies, the ships of the brigade under his command inflicted heavy damage on the enemy. More than once, in separate sectors, with the support of naval artillery, units of the Red Army repulsed the fierce attacks of the enemy. According to incomplete data, the ships of the brigade destroyed and dispersed 11 infantry battalions, destroyed: 7 artillery batteries, 27 bunkers and dugouts, 27 tanks, 4 ammunition depots, 60 vehicles with troops and cargo, etc. 34 artillery mortar batteries, 42 different firing points were suppressed. 3 enemy planes shot down. The troops of the 62nd Army were transported under enemy fire: troops - 25,800 people, about 2000 tons of cargo and ammunition. 6800 wounded soldiers and commanders were evacuated to the left bank of the Volga. Vorobyov Month commanded the Stalingrad operational group of ships, which was entrusted with the task of crossing all types of food of the 62nd Army across the river. Volga. Under enemy fire for a month, armored boats and minesweepers transported to the right bank 31,476 people, more than 1,000 tons of various cargo and ammunition. The ships supported the group of Colonel Gorokhov and 138th Rifle Division with fire. Two gunboats destroyed 3 tanks, one heavy battery, 1 mortar, 16 different firing points, repulsed 10 enemy attacks on the Gorokhov group and 138 rifle divisions. The fighting of the brigade of river ships helped the 64th and 62nd armies to hold their lines.
In early 1943, Vorobyov was returned to the border troops and sent to the Far East. From January 1943 to November 1944, he was deputy chief of the border troops for the Marine Department of the Border Troops Directorate of the NKVD of Primorsky Krai. Then the sailor was transferred to Moscow.
From June 1944, border ships and boats began to be returned from the Navy to the border troops, and detachments and divisions of border ships were formed from them. January 15, 1947 The Main Directorate of the Border Troops was reorganized; The marine department was retained in its composition.
Vorobyov again served as the head of the Naval Department of the Main Directorate of Border Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (November 1944 - January 1951), then until May 1953 he held the same position in the Main Directorate of Border Troops of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR, then, Until June 1956 - the same position in the Main Department of the Border Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
During this period of the rise of the Cold War in the world, Vorobyov had to participate in more than one reorganization of the border service. In November 1946, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was renamed into a ministry, and on January 15, 1947, the New Staff of the Main Directorate of Border Troops was approved, in which the Naval Department was enlarged and turned into a naval department. In 1949, the border troops were transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of State Security. But in 1953, after the death of I.V. Stalin, when the MGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs were united, the border troops came under the control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The border guards were hardly affected by the significant reduction in the armed forces that began in 1953. On the contrary, they took the opportunity to fill their ranks with the best officers being cut from the fleet in order to secure the borders.
Already on August 17, 1945, after the end of the war in the West, the formation of cash border ships into separate divisions began. New divisions had to be deployed in the Baltic and Pacific Oceans in order to secure the borders of the territories annexed to the USSR. At this time, old ships remained in service. In 1952-1955, more than once, naval formations were introduced into the composition of border detachments, then withdrawn from them, then reduced to detachments, then again crushed into divisions. Both detachments and divisions were operationally subordinate to the chiefs of the Coastal Border Guard detachments, which led to insufficiently competent leadership of the Marine Guard and even violations of the law.
Under these circumstances, S.M. Vorobyov had to deal with the restoration of the Marine Border Guard, which during the war years suffered heavy losses in the North, the Black and Baltic Seas; and the ships and boats returned by the fleet were worn out during the war years. Several captured ships handed over to the border guards could not correct the situation.
At the beginning of 1946, a minimum plan was prepared for the supply of watercraft for the border guards, which, if necessary, could be used by the Navy.
On April 29, the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved a plan for the allocation of ships and vessels for the border service in 1948-1955 and a shipbuilding program for 1946-1950, taking into account this plan. True, this plan was not fully implemented, but by 1954 the naval units had 144 patrol ships, 33 patrol ships and 146 small boats. The GUPV Maritime Administration ordered about 110 ships of medium displacement for the next five years. Border guards built technical observation posts, received parking in Balaklava, Vladivostok, Tallinn, Leningrad. However, despite the increase in the number of ships, only in the Leningrad direction was it possible to achieve a density of 1 ship per 10 miles of area. In other directions of the western borders, this value reached 30-50 miles, and in the northern regions of the Pacific Ocean there was nothing to protect most of the Shores.
Of course, Sergei Mikhailovich Vorobyov, in his position, was responsible for the number of border courts, and for the training of specialists for them, and for the equipment of the theater.
From November 1956 S.M. Vorobyov was in reserve. In 1958, in the book “The Battle for the Volga. Memories. Stalingrad” published his memoirs “Reliable protection of crossings” (pp. 257–258). For the service of a sailor-border guard awarded the order Lenin (1950), 3 Orders of the Red Banner (1941, 1943, 1945), Order of Kutuzov II degree, Patriotic War I degree, Red Star (1944), medals. Rear Admiral S.M. Vorobyov on August 8, 1974 in Moscow. They buried him at the Novodevichy cemetery. His ashes rest in the columbarium, in section 135, place 4–1.
