Physical and political map of Africa. Africa map in Russian. The main attractions of the Congo

Africa map

detailed map Africa in Russian. Explore a satellite map of Africa. Zoom in on the streets, houses and landmarks on the map of Africa.

Africa is part of the world, located on both sides of the equator. In the northern part, in the Nile Valley and on the Mediterranean coast, lived the tribes that created the first centers of human civilization (Egypt and Cartagena).

The Romans and the ancient Greeks called the central part of the Mediterranean coast of Libya (the Libu tribe). The adjoining Libu was a militant Berber tribe called Afrida who fought ancient Rome several times.

In the 2nd century BC, the Romans defeated Carthage and set up a landslide in the conquered territory called Africa. By the beginning of the Middle Ages, this name had spread along the entire Mediterranean coast, during European colonization and the entire continent.

Africa has been a center of conquest and colonization for centuries.

There was a slave trade: the entire tribe disappeared from the land, large areas were omitted. Over time, almost all of Africa was divided into colonies and spheres of influence between the largest countries, such as France, Germany and England, which exported gold, ivory and other valuable goods from the country.

An important blow to the entire colonial system in the world, including in Africa, was after the defeat of Germany in World War II.

Almost all countries were forced to give up their colonies for independence and withdraw their military and administrative apparatus. Africa is currently a continent with approximately 50 independent countries.

Africa has an area of ​​30 million square kilometers. The African population is about a billion people. Hot climate in Africa - the African continent crosses the equator.

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political map Africa in Russian

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Africa map

Detailed map of Africa in Russian online.

Satellite map of Africa with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses. The continent of Africa on the world map is the second largest continent, on the territory of which 55 countries are located, the total population is about 960 million people.

Satellite map of Africa. Satellite map of Africa.

Political map of Africa in Ukrainian:

Map of Africa in English:

Africa - Wikipedia.

African population: 1,200,000,000 people

(2016)
Africa area: 30,370,000 sq. km.

Africa Attractions:

What to see in Africa: Victoria Falls, Congo River, Cape of Good Hope, Mount Kilimanjaro, Dragon Mountains, Serengeti, Sahara Desert, Namib Desert, Limpopo River, Table Mountain, Egyptian pyramids.

A variety of ethnic groups live on the territory of the continent.

This is a Caucasian race in the states North Africa, Negroid - in central Africa, where many different African tribes live and the Mongoloid race, whose representatives are the Bushmen living in South Africa. The population density in each country and region in Africa is different. The most densely populated area is the Mediterranean coast.

The most common languages ​​are English, Arabic, African languages ​​and French.

Nature Africa varied. There are desert areas, and tropical forests, and steppes, and mountain ranges. The most high point- Mount Kilimanjaro, whose height is almost 6000 meters. There are many rivers in Africa that are the largest in the world: Limpopo, Nile, Niger and others.

Because Africa is a huge continent, its territory is covered by many climatic zones- from northern temperate to southern temperate.

On average, the temperature on the mainland does not drop below +8 C. Africa also has the highest temperatures in the world. The record is + 54.8 C in one of the African settlements.

Africa It is also the oldest continent on our planet.

It is often called the cradle of civilization. Many cultures and traditions have been preserved here in their original form, and the beauty of nature, in harmony with which Africans live, is amazing. On the territory of the mainland - a huge number of national parks and reserves, which are protected areas. On the territory of these parks you can see the rarest representatives of the animal world in their natural living conditions: elephants, giraffes, lions, zebras and others.

2008 — 2018 © Maps-of-World.ru — detailed maps of countries of the world in Russian with cities.

Africa is the second largest continent in the world, while Eurasia holds the lead.

Interesting Facts about African countries:

• Algeria is the largest country in Africa. More than 80% of the territory is occupied by the Sahara Desert.
• Angola. The capital of Angola - Luanda is considered the most expensive city to live in, but at the same time, 50% of the country's population cannot read and write.
• Benin is a small country, famous for the town of Ouida, which is considered the stronghold of the voodoo religion. Benin is one of the countries in Africa that fully provides itself with all the necessary food.
• Botswana is one of the least explored countries in Africa. More than 70% of the territory is occupied by desert.
  
  
• Burkina Faso is a country with a very low level life. It is rare to find a person over 65 years old in the country. The country is rarely visited by tourists.
• Burundi is a country without hospitals. There are only about 200 doctors and nurses in the entire state, so the level of medical care is one of the lowest in the world.
• Gabon is one of the most stable and rich on the African continent. About 80% of the country's territory is occupied by tropical forests.
• The Gambia is the smallest country in Africa by area.
• Ghana is the first state in West Africa to gain independence from the British people.
• Guinea is the leader in bauxite reserves. Included in the 10 poorest countries in the world.
• Guinea-Bissau. There is not a single power plant in the country. Electricity is supplied from city generators and is switched on for only 2-3 hours a day.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo. The main attraction of the republic is the Congo River, which is one of the deepest in the world.
• Djibouti is one of the driest countries in the world.
• Egypt is one of the cheapest and most popular resorts in the world. It is famous for its developed infrastructure in tourist cities. But outside the tourist area, the Egyptians live very poorly. It is in Egypt that one of the seven wonders of the world is located - the pyramid of Cheops.

  One of the wonders of the world is the Pyramid of Cheops. Egypt

• Zambia is the first country in Africa to make banknotes from plastic instead of paper. The most visited place by tourists is the village of artisans of Mukuni.
• Zimbabwe. One of the world's coffee exporters. The country is very high level unemployment in 2020 is about 80%.
• Cape Verde is a country of 18 islands. The state is engaged in the production and export of footwear.
• Cameroon. Half of the territory of the state is occupied by forests, in which the largest goliath frogs in the world live. The population lives below the poverty line, but despite this, the people of Cameroon are always hospitable and good-natured towards tourists.
• Kenya is the country with the largest international airport in East Africa. Kenya is different from other states. There are no seasons in the country, there are only seasons: dry and rainy.
• Comoros. A country where it is impossible to pay with a bank card. There are no ATMs on the territory of the state.
• Congo is known for the most dangerous dormant volcano in the world - Newiragongo.
• Cote d'Ivoire. More than 60 peoples live in the state. It is in this country that the largest church in the world is located.
• Lesotho is located in the highlands. There are two diamond mines in the country.
• Liberia. The country has not yet fully recovered from the war in 1980. The population lives below the poverty line. The only country in a world where there are no traffic lights.
• Libya. 90% of the area is covered by desert. A state with a very limited number of animals and plants. The absence of flora and fauna is provoked by the arid climate.
• Mauritius is a tourist resort, which ranks second in terms of living standards on the African continent.
• Mauritania. All the rivers in this country dry up in the summer, except for one - Senegal. 100% of Mauritania's population is Muslim.
• Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world. The country is the world's first producer of vanilla.
• Malawi is the poorest republic in Africa. The country is known for its orchids; more than 400 species of them grow on the territory of the state.
• Mali. The country occupies one of the first places in the world in the export of gold.
• Morocco is a tourist country, which is visited by more than 10 million tourists annually. In the country, namely in Casablanca, there is the tallest religious building - the Hassan 2 Mosque.
• Mozambique. About 25% of the country's population do not consider themselves followers of any faith, although they are not atheists. Meat is rare in Mozambique.
• Namibia. On its territory is the world's largest underground lake. Tourists are attracted to Namibia by the "skeleton coast" - a surf line strewn with whale skeletons.

  Skeleton Coast is one of the most memorable places

• Niger. About 80% of the republic's area is occupied by the Sahara Desert. Niger is the first in the world in terms of fertility.
• Nigeria is the country that ranks first in Africa in terms of population. The country is engaged in the extraction and export of oil and oil products.
• Rwanda is the country with the highest inhabitants on the planet. Not in Rwanda railways and trams. The country is one of the few in Africa that does not experience a shortage of drinking water.
• Sao Tome and Principe are islands that are extinct volcanoes. The islands are popular with a local attraction - Mouth of Hell (a place in the rocks, from where a jet of sea water beats).
• Swaziland is a state with 2 capitals: Mbabane and Lobamba. The country is ruled by a king, but his power is partially limited by parliament. The republic ranks first in the world in terms of the number of HIV-infected people.
• Seychelles is one of the most expensive resorts in the world. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands, of which only 33 are inhabited.
• Senegal. The national symbol of this country is the baobab. The famous Paris-Dakar rally is held annually in the capital of Senegal.

  The Paris-Dakar Rally is a dream for many

• Somalia is one of the most armed countries in the world. For local residents, the constant carrying of firearms is considered the norm. Somalia is a country of anarchy.
• Sudan is a state where marriages with deceased people are allowed at the legislative level. Sudan is the world's largest importer of gum arabic.
• Sierra Leone. One of the poorest countries in the world. Half of the population of the republic cannot read and write.
• Tanzania. A third of the country is occupied by nature reserves. The republic is characterized by a low level of education. According to statistics, only half of Tanzania's children attend school. The country has 2 capitals and the largest crater in the world - Ngorongoro.
• Togo is a country known for having the largest traditional market in the world where you can buy absolutely everything. Togo is a country of contrasts, where monolithic elite high-rise buildings border on the adobe huts of the poor.
• Tunisia is a popular tourist country, famous not only for its unique culture and nature, but also for its Rose of the Sahara landmark. This crystal is formed in the desert from salt and sand. Many tourists buy a crystal as a souvenir to decorate aquariums and houses.

  Amazing Phenomenon"Rose of the Sahara"

• Uganda is the youngest republic in the world. Average age residents of Uganda is 15 years. The country hosts one of the deepest lakes in the world - Albertina.
• CAR is a state with incredible reserves of uranium, gold, oil and diamonds. But despite this, the country is among the 30 poorest republics in the world.
• Chad. The country is named after Lake Chad, which is located on its territory. There is no complete rail link in the country. This republic strikes with its dry and arid climate, the maximum temperature in the shade in summer reaches 56 degrees Celsius.
• Equatorial Guinea is a state in which the earth is painted bright red due to the special composition of the soil. In Equatorial Guinea, gold mining is available to everyone.
• Eritrea is one of the poorest countries on the planet. Not in Eritrea national language. This country became famous in the world thanks to the 30-year war of independence.
• Ethiopia is the most populated landlocked state on the planet. Ethiopia is an agricultural country where cereals, sugar cane, potatoes and cotton are grown.
• South Africa is the most diverse national republic on the African continent. South Africa is the most developed country in Africa.
• South Sudan is one of the least developed republics in Africa. The country does not even have running water. South Sudan is famous for constant civil wars and political upheavals.

The area of ​​South Africa is 3.1 million square meters. km. The region is characterized by the development of the mining industry.

Table: South African countries

North Africa is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. The area is about 10,000,000 sq. km. Most of this part of the African continent is occupied by the Sahara Desert.

Table: North African countries

West Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Covers the Sahel and Sudan regions. This part of the continent is leader in the number of HIV infections and malaria.

Table: countries West Africa

States Central Africa in 2020 they have a very good complex natural resources Therefore, the countries are not only actively developing the industrial sector, but are also the leading subjects of the foreign trade of the African continent.

Table: Central African countries

East Africa occupies the highest part of the mainland. It is in this part that the highest point in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is located. Most of the territory is savannas. In East Africa the most a large number of national and protected parks. East Africa is characterized by frequent civil wars and armed conflicts.

Table: East African countries

On the territory of the African continent there are 55 countries that are washed by:

1. Mediterranean sea.
2. by the Red Sea.
3. Indian Ocean.
4. Atlantic Ocean.

The area of ​​the African continent is 29.3 million square kilometers. If we take into account the islands near Africa, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis continent increases to 30.3 million square kilometers.

The African continent occupies approximately 6% of the total area the globe.

most big country in Africa is Algeria. The area of ​​this state is 2,381,740 square kilometers.

Table. Largest states in Africa:

List of the most major cities by population:

1. Nigeria - 166,629,390 people. In 2017, it was the most populated country in Africa.
2. Egypt - 82,530,000 people.
3. Ethiopia - 82,101,999 people.
4. Republic of the Congo. The population of this African country is 69,575,394 inhabitants.
5. Republic of South Africa. In 2017, 50,586,760 people lived in South Africa.
6. Tanzania. 47,656,370 people live in this African country.
7. Kenya. This African country has a population of 42,749,420.
8. Algeria. In this country tropical Africa 36,485,830 people live.
9. Uganda - 35,620,980 people.
10. Morocco - 32,668,000 people.

The mainland occupies 1/5 of the land of the globe and is inferior in size. The population is over 600 million people. Currently, there are more than 50 sovereign states on the continent, most of which were colonies until the middle of the 20th century.

European colonization began in this region from the 16th century. Ceuta and Melilla - rich cities in (in the territory), the end points of the trans-Saharan trade route - were the first Spanish colonies. Further colonized mainly the West coast of Africa. By the beginning of the XX century. the "dark continent" had already been divided by the imperialist powers into dozens of colonies (see atlases of New and recent history 9,10,11 cells. middle school).

Almost all African states are typologically assigned to the group. The exception is the only economically developed state on the continent - the Republic of South Africa.

The success of the struggle of African states to strengthen political and economic independence depends to a very large extent on which political forces are in power.

In 1963, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was established. Its goals are to help strengthen the unity and cooperation of the states of the continent, to defend their sovereignty, and to fight against all forms of neo-colonialism.

Another influential organization is the League of Arab States (LAS), formed in 1945. It includes the Arab countries of North Africa and countries. The League is in favor of strengthening the economic and political cooperation of the Arab peoples.

Most African countries from the era of wars of independence fell into the era of civil wars and ethnic conflicts. In many African states over the years of independent development general rule became a privileged position of the ethnic group whose representatives were in power. Hence the many inter-ethnic conflicts in the countries of this region.

For about 20 years, civil wars continued in Angola and Mozambique; For many years, war, devastation and famine have reigned in Somalia. For more than 10 years, the inter-ethnic inter-confessional conflict has not stopped in Sudan (between the Muslim North and adherents of Christianity and traditional beliefs in the south of the country). In 1993, there was a military coup in Burundi, and there is a civil war in Burundi and Rwanda. The conflict spilled over to neighboring states. Civil wars are not uncommon in (the first of the countries of "black Africa", which gained independence back in 1847).

Democracy does not take root in - 23 years out of more than 30 years after gaining independence, the country lived under a military regime. In June 1993, democratic elections were held and immediately after that, another military coup, all democratic institutions of power were again dissolved, political organizations, rallies and meetings were banned.

Examples of the struggle for political power can be continued.

Nevertheless, there are practically no places left on the map of Africa where the problem of state independence has not been solved. The exception is Western, which has not yet acquired the status independent state, despite the 20-year struggle for liberation waged by the Polisario Front. In the near future, the UN intends to hold a referendum in the country - independence or accession to Morocco?

Separately, the situation in the Republic of South Africa should be considered, where there is a transition from “democracy for a minority” to non-racial principles of local and central government: the elimination of apartheid and the creation of a unified, democratic and non-racial one. For the first time, non-racial presidential elections were held. Elected Mandela - the first black president of South Africa. The former president, Frederick de Klerk, joined the coalition cabinet. South Africa is restored (after 20 years of absence) as a member of the UN.

In conclusion, we note that for many African countries the transition to political pluralism and multi-party system has become a big test. Nevertheless, it is precisely the stability of political processes in African countries that is the main condition for their further economic development.

Satellite map of Africa. Explore satellite map of Africa online in real time. Detailed map of Africa based on satellite imagery high resolution. As close as possible satellite map Africa allows you to explore in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Africa. The map of Africa from the satellite easily switches to the normal map mode (scheme).

Africa- part of the world, which includes the mainland Africa and numerous islands. In terms of area, Africa is the second continent after. Africa is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In total, there are 55 states in Africa, 5 unrecognized countries and the same number of dependent island countries. According to scientists, Africa is the cradle of mankind, because it was on the territory of this continent that the remains of hominids, the ancient ancestors of modern man, were discovered.

The climate in Africa is varied. This is the only continent that includes climatic zones ranging from the southern subtropical to the northern subtropical. Since the equator crosses Africa, and in many areas there is practically no sufficient amount of precipitation, there is no natural regulation of the climate in Africa.

In terms of nature and wildlife, Africa is the most exotic continent with great diversity, contrasts and the most beautiful and unique landscapes and landscapes that can hardly be seen anywhere else.

Africa- a real storehouse of various attractions that belong to various civilizations and peoples. The most popular and visited African attractions are Egyptian pyramids, Serengeti reserves, Victoria Falls. In Africa, the modernity of large states and the originality of small, few peoples and tribes are harmoniously combined.

The African world is not just beautiful, unique and inimitable. It is this exotic that attracts tourists. Africa is a fairly hospitable country, and any traveler will find entertainment to their liking. In Africa, you can go surfing, diving, ecotourism, or prefer a calm and measured holiday on the lakes or on the ocean or sea. Africa is also famous for its desert safaris and national parks.

Africa
Option I
1. The state had the most possessions in Africa at the beginning of the 20th century:

2. Most African countries state structure are:
3.

4. The largest oil and gas fields are available in:
1) Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt 2) Libya, Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia 3) Algeria, Libya, Congo, Namibia
5.

6. The population in Africa (for 2004) was:
1) More than 600 million 2) More than 400 million 3) More than 800 million
7. Malagasy live in the territory:

8.

9. In the world market, Africa stands out for its industry:

10 In terms of gold mining, 1st place in the world is occupied by:
1) Congo 2) Egypt 3) South Africa
11.

leading industry Agriculture is:

12. The main area of ​​drought and desertification in Africa:
1) hylaea 2) Sahel 3) selva
13. The state that occupies the 1st place in the world in terms of maritime cargo turnover:

Africa
Option II

2. In the world market, Africa stands out for its industry:
1) mining 2) mechanical engineering 3) chemical
4.

Over 70% of Africa is occupied by:
1) mountains 2) lowlands 3) plateaus, plateaus, highlands
5. The state had the most possessions in Africa at the beginning of the 20th century:
1) UK 2) France 3) Germany
6. Most African countries in terms of government are:
1) federal 2) monarchies 3) unitary
7. Federal countries include:
1) Nigeria, South Africa, Algeria 2) Nigeria, South Africa.

Ethiopia 3) Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt
8. Monarchies of Africa:
1) Lessoto, Morocco, Swaziland 2) Morocco, Swaziland, Zambia 3) Swaziland, Lessoto, Liberia
9.

The "Copper Belt" is located on the territory of the states:
1) Zaire (Congo), South Africa 2) South Africa, Zambia 3) Zaire (Congo), Zambia
11. Most national parks are located on:
1) south and east 2) south and west 3) north and east
12.

The population in Africa (for 2004) was:
1) more than 600 million 2) more than 400 million 3) more than 800 million
13. Malagasy live in the territory:
1) South Africa 2) Nigeria 3) Madagascar
14. The largest oil and gas fields are available in:
1) Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt 2) Libya, Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia
3) Algeria, Libya, Congo, Namibia
15.

The southern part of the mainland is inhabited by:
1) Arabs 2) Bushmen and Hottentots 3) Boers
16. Dutch settlers in Africa are called:
1) Boers 2) Bushmen 3) Creoles
17. The main area of ​​drought and desertification in Africa:
1) hylaea 2) Sahel 3) selva
18.

In terms of gold mining, 1st place in the world is occupied by:
1) Congo 2) Egypt 3) South Africa
19. The leading branch of agriculture is:
1) crop production 2) animal husbandry
20. The state that occupies the 1st place in the world in terms of maritime cargo turnover:
1) Liberia 2) Egypt 3) Senegal

Republic of South Africa / Constitutional foundations, characteristics of the form of government

The country has a constitution of 1996 (came into force in 1997). The procedure for amending it depends on which chapter is being amended.

So, to change ch.

To edit other articles, the majority in the National Assembly must be 2/3 of the votes. Since the adoption of the constitution, 14 amendments have been made to it.

The Constitution guarantees equal voting rights (active and passive), freedom of political associations, freedom of speech and press, inviolability of private property, etc.

According to the constitution, the main document that lists the main principles relating to human rights is the Bill of Rights.

According to him, rights are divided into several categories: universal rights of a person and a citizen, rights in the sphere of relations between a citizen and the state, environmental rights.

The form of government cannot be unambiguously characterized as either parliamentary or presidential: on the one hand, the president has a real political power, on the other hand, he is elected by parliament and resigns in the event of the latter's self-dissolution, which does not allow us to talk about a certain autonomy of the branches of power, characteristic of a presidential republic.

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• Countries of the world
• Africa
• South Africa
  • Year of foundation
  • Geographic location, area, borders
  • Population
  • Human Development Index 1980–2012
  • Language(s)
  • Historical outline of political traditions
  • From the origins of statehood to the end of the Anglobourg War
  • Formation and development of apartheid
  • Dismantling apartheid and transition to democracy
  • Constitutional foundations, characteristics of the form of government
  • Separation and interaction of various branches of government
  • Features of the executive branch
  • Heads of State (Presidents) 1961–2014
  • Heads of government (prime ministers, after the proclamation of the republic) in 1958–1984
  • Features of the legislature
  • Features of the judiciary
  • Territorial-state structure
  • Local government and self-government
  • External influences on the formation and functioning of political institutions
  • Internal conflicts and splits
  • Official ideology, ideological splits and conflicts
  • Religion and the state, the role of religion in politics
  • Features of the party system
  • Representation of political parties in the National Assembly following the results of the 2004 general elections
  • The political role of the military/power structures
  • NGOs, corporate components political system, interest groups and influence groups
  • The position and role of the media
  • South Africa's position in the Press Freedom Index 2002-2012
  • Gender equality/inequality
  • National economy in the context of the world economy
  • Main indicators of the economy in 1990–2010
  • The structure of the GDP of South Africa, according to the World Bank in 2011
  • Weight in the global economy 1990–2006
  • Resources of influence on the international environment and international processes
  • Military spending 1990–2010
  • Participation in international organizations and regimes, main foreign counterparties and partners, relations with Russia
  • External and internal threats to the security of the state
  • South Africa's position in the Corruption Perceptions Index 1995-2012
  • Placement of the territory of the country in the zone of increased risk of natural disasters
  • Economic Threats
  • Threats to human security

Union (trade union, trade union) is a form state structure, in which the federal state is public education with legally defined political independence.
Federal device design:

Austria 2. Australia.

3. Argentina. 4. Belgium 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Germany 7. Russia 8. Switzerland 9. Serbia 10. Canada 11. Mexico 12. USA 13. Argentina 14. Brazil 15. Venezuela 16. Nigeria 17. Nepal. 18. India 19. Malaysia 20. Federated States of Micronesia 21. Myanmar 22. United Arab Emirates 23. Pakistan 24. Saint Kitts and Nevis 25. Sudan. 26. South Sudan 27. Somalia. 28. Ethiopia.
The rest of the countries are merged.
United country- a form of government in which its parts are administrative-territorial units and do not have the status of a national entity.

Unlike a federation, in a single state, there are the highest powers of state power, common for the whole country, a single legal system, a single constitution. Most of the countries are united.